ZyXEL Communications P660WTXV2 802.11g Wireless ADSL2+ Router User Manual SMG 700 User s Guide V1 00 Nov 2004

ZyXEL Communications Corporation 802.11g Wireless ADSL2+ Router SMG 700 User s Guide V1 00 Nov 2004

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P-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 201CHAPTER 20 Product SpecificationsThis chapter gives details about your ZyXEL Device’s hardware and firmware features.20.1 General ZyXEL Device SpecificationsThe following tables summarize the ZyXEL Device’s hardware and firmware features.Table 75 Hardware SpecificationsSPECIFICATION DESCRIPTIONDimensions (W x D x H) 190 x 128 x 33 mmWeight 3.6 KgPower (devices that do not use an external power adaptor)AC: 100 - 240V 50/60Hz 1.5A maximum input internal universal power supply DC: 48 - 60V 1.5A max, 48 Watt consumption. There is no tolerance for the DC input voltage. This note is needed for DC powered devices, not AC.Ethernet Ports Auto-negotiating: 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps in either half-duplex or full-duplex mode.Auto-crossover: Use either crossover or straight-through Ethernet cables.Line/Phone Ports RJ-11 telephone wires.LEDsOperating Environment Temperature: 0º C ~ 50º C Humidity: 20% ~ 95% RHStorage Environment Temperature: -20º C ~ 60º CHumidity: 10% ~ 90% RHDistance between the centers of the holes (for wall mounting) on the ZyXEL Device’s back.125 mm

Chapter 20 Product SpecificationsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide202Recommended type of screws for wall-mountingM4 Tap Screw, see Figure 110 on page 206.Approvals SafetyANSI/UL Std No. 60950-1CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 60950-1-03EN 60950-1 1st EditionIEC 60950-1 1st EditionEMIFCC Part 15 Class BC-TickEN55022 Class B (1998+A1:2000+A2: 2003)EN61000-3-2: 2000EN61000-3-3: 1995+A1:2001EMSEN61000-4-2, EN61000-4-3, EN61000-4-4, EN61000-4-5, EN61000-4-6, EN61000-4-8, EN61000-4-11, FCC Part 68, K.21 4KV by default. RFEN 301 489 -1/17EN 300 328FCC Part 15.207/209/247Table 76 Firmware Specifications FEATURE DESCRIPTIONDefault IP Address 192.168.1.1Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)Default Password 1234DHCP Pool 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64 Device Management Use the web configurator to easily configure the rich range of features on the ZyXEL Device.Wireless Functionality Allow the IEEE 802.11b and/or IEEE 802.11g wireless clients to connect to the ZyXEL Device wirelessly. Enable wireless security (WEP, WPA(2), WPA(2)-PSK) and/or MAC filtering to protect your wireless network. Firmware Upgrade Download new firmware (when available) from the ZyXEL web site and use the web configurator, an FTP or a TFTP tool to put it on the ZyXEL Device.Note: Only upload firmware for your specific model!Configuration Backup & RestorationMake a copy of the ZyXEL Device’s configuration. You can put it back on the ZyXEL Device later if you decide to revert back to an earlier configuration.Network Address Translation (NAT)Each computer on your network must have its own unique IP address. Use NAT to convert your public IP address(es) to multiple private IP addresses for the computers on your network.Port Forwarding If you have a server (mail or web server for example) on your network, you can use this feature to let people access it from the Internet.DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)Use this feature to have the ZyXEL Device assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to computers on your network.Table 75 Hardware SpecificationsSPECIFICATION DESCRIPTION

Chapter 20 Product SpecificationsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 203The following list, which is not exhaustive, illustrates the standards supported in the ZyXEL Device.Dynamic DNS Support With Dynamic DNS (Domain Name System) support, you can use a fixed URL, www.zyxel.com for example, with a dynamic IP address. You must register for this service with a Dynamic DNS service provider.IP Multicast IP multicast is used to send traffic to a specific group of computers. The ZyXEL Device supports versions 1 and 2 of IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) used to join multicast groups (see RFC 2236).IP Alias IP alias allows you to subdivide a physical network into logical networks over the same Ethernet interface with the ZyXEL Device itself as the gateway for each subnet.Time and Date Get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your ZyXEL Device. You can also set the time manually. These dates and times are then used in logs.Logging and Tracing Use packet tracing and logs for troubleshooting. You can send logs from the ZyXEL Device to an external syslog server.PPPoE PPPoE mimics a dial-up Internet access connection.PPTP Encapsulation Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) enables secure transfer of data through a Virtual Private Network (VPN). The ZyXEL Device supports one PPTP connection at a time.Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)A UPnP-enabled device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address and convey its capabilities to other devices on the network.RoadRunner Support The ZyXEL Device supports Time Warner’s RoadRunner Service in addition to standard cable modem services.Firewall You can configure firewall on the ZyXEL Device for secure Internet access. When the firewall is on, by default, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked unless it is initiated from your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet and download files for example.Content Filter The ZyXEL Device blocks or allows access to web sites that you specify and blocks access to web sites with URLs that contain keywords that you specify. You can define time periods and days during which content filtering is enabled. You can also include or exclude particular computers on your network from content filtering.You can also subscribe to category-based content filtering that allows your ZyXEL Device to check web sites against an external database.Bandwidth Management You can efficiently manage traffic on your network by reserving bandwidth and giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular computers.Remote Management This allows you to decide whether a service (HTTP or FTP traffic for example) from a computer on a network (LAN or WAN for example) can access the ZyXEL Device.Table 77 Standards Supported STANDARD DESCRIPTIONRFC 867 Daytime ProtocolRFC 868 Time Protocol.RFC 1058 RIP-1 (Routing Information Protocol)Table 76 Firmware Specifications FEATURE DESCRIPTION

Chapter 20 Product SpecificationsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 20520.2 Wall-mounting InstructionsComplete the following steps to hang your ZyXEL Device on a wall."See Table 75 on page 201 for the size of screws to use and how far apart to place them.1Select a position free of obstructions on a sturdy wall. 2Drill two holes for the screws. 1Be careful to avoid damaging pipes or cables located inside the wall when drilling holes for the screws.3Do not insert the screws all the way into the wall. Leave a small gap of about 0.5 cm between the heads of the screws and the wall. 4Make sure the screws are snugly fastened to the wall. They need to hold the weight of the ZyXEL Device with the connection cables. 5Align the holes on the back of the ZyXEL Device with the screws on the wall. Hang the ZyXEL Device on the screws.Figure 109 Wall-mounting ExampleThe following are dimensions of an M4 tap screw and masonry plug used for wall mounting. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). TR-069 TR-069 DSL Forum Standard for CPE Wan Management.1.363.5 Compliant AAL5 SAR (Segmentation And Re-assembly) Table 77 Standards Supported (continued)STANDARD DESCRIPTION

Chapter 20 Product SpecificationsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide206Figure 110 Masonry Plug and M4 Tap Screw20.3 Power Adaptor SpecificationsTable 78 Power Adaptor SpecificationsAC Power Adaptor Model MU12-2050200-A1Input Power 100~240 Volts AC / 50~60Hz/0.25AOutput Power 5 Volts DC / 2APower Consumption 10 WSafety Standards UL (UL 1950), CSA (CSA 22.2)CE mark, EN60950 (2001) T-Mark C-tick, QAS

207PART VIAppendicesPop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions (209)Wireless LANs (217)Common Services (231)Legal Information (235)Customer Support (241)

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P-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 209APPENDIX A Pop-up Windows, JavaScriptsand Java PermissionsIn order to use the web configurator you need to allow:• Web browser pop-up windows from your device.• JavaScripts (enabled by default).• Java permissions (enabled by default)."Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary.Internet Explorer Pop-up BlockersYou may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device. Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your device’s IP address.Disable Pop-up Blockers1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker. Figure 111 Pop-up BlockerYou can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab. 1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy.

Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide2102Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled. Figure 112 Internet Options: Privacy3Click Apply to save this setting.Enable Pop-up Blockers with ExceptionsAlternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab. 2Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.

Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 211Figure 113 Internet Options: Privacy3Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1. 4Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.Figure 114 Pop-up Blocker Settings

Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide2125Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. 6Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScriptsIf pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are allowed. 1In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Figure 115 Internet Options: Security 2Click the Custom Level... button. 3Scroll down to Scripting. 4Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).5Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default). 6Click OK to close the window.

Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 213Figure 116 Security Settings - Java ScriptingJava Permissions1From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. 2Click the Custom Level... button. 3Scroll down to Microsoft VM. 4Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.5Click OK to close the window.Figure 117 Security Settings - Java

Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide214JAVA (Sun)1From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab. 2Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected.3Click OK to close the window.Figure 118 Java (Sun)Mozilla FirefoxMozilla Firefox 2.0 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary. You can enable Java, Javascripts and pop-ups in one screen. Click To ols, then click Options in the screen that appears.

Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 215Figure 119 Mozilla Firefox: Tools > OptionsClick Content.to show the screen below. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen.Figure 120 Mozilla Firefox Content Security

Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide216

P-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 217APPENDIX B Wireless LANsWireless LAN TopologiesThis section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies.Ad-hoc Wireless LAN ConfigurationThe simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an ad-hoc wireless LAN. Figure 121 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc NetworkBSSA Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.

Appendix B Wireless LANsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide218Figure 122 Basic Service SetESSAn Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS).This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood. An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless clients within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate.

Appendix B Wireless LANsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 219Figure 123 Infrastructure WLANChannelA channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data. Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a channel different from an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and degrading performance.Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel between 6 or 11.RTS/CTSA hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are considered hidden from each other.

Appendix B Wireless LANsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide220Figure 124 RTS/CTSWhen station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations.RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked.When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission.Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. "Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy.Fragmentation ThresholdA Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames.A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference.

Appendix B Wireless LANsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 221If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.Preamble TypePreamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of the synchronization field in a packet.Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short preamble. Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks. Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide more efficient communications.Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the network support it, otherwise the ZyXEL Device uses long preamble."The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.IEEE 802.11g Wireless LANIEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:Wireless Security OverviewWireless security is vital to your network to protect wireless communication between wireless clients, access points and the wired network.Table 79 IEEE 802.11gDATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION1 DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed)2 DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)5.5 / 11 CCK (Complementary Code Keying) 6/9/12/18/24/36/48/54 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)

Appendix B Wireless LANsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 223Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network.• AccountingKeeps track of the client’s network activity. RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless client and the network RADIUS server. Types of RADIUS MessagesThe following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user authentication:• Access-RequestSent by an access point requesting authentication.• Access-RejectSent by a RADIUS server rejecting access.• Access-AcceptSent by a RADIUS server allowing access. • Access-ChallengeSent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user accounting:• Accounting-RequestSent by the access point requesting accounting.• Accounting-ResponseSent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting. In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access. Types of EAP Authentication This section discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and LEAP. Your wireless LAN device may not support all authentication types. EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE 802.1x transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP to interact with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, an access point helps a wireless station and a RADIUS server perform authentication. The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server and an intermediary AP(s) that supports IEEE 802.1x. .

Appendix B Wireless LANsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide224For EAP-TLS authentication type, you must first have a wired connection to the network and obtain the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). A certificate (also called digital IDs) can be used to authenticate users and a CA issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner.EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5)MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless client. The wireless client ‘proves’ that it knows the password by encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text. However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption. EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security)With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the sender’s identity. However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management overhead. EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service) EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2. PEAP (Protected EAP) Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by Cisco.LEAPLEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x.

Appendix B Wireless LANsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 225Dynamic WEP Key ExchangeThe AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed.If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the wireless security configuration screen. You may still configure and store keys, but they will not be used while dynamic WEP is enabled."EAP-MD5 cannot be used with Dynamic WEP Key ExchangeFor added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the features of authentication types.WPA and WPA2Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA. Key differences between WPA or WPA2 and WEP are improved data encryption and user authentication.If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2-PSK (WPA2-Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point, wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will be granted access to a WLAN. If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether you have an external RADIUS server or not.Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure than WPA or WPA2.Table 81 Comparison of EAP Authentication TypesEAP-MD5 EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS PEAP LEAPMutual Authentication No Yes Yes Yes YesCertificate – Client No Yes Optional Optional NoCertificate – Server No Yes Yes Yes NoDynamic Key Exchange No Yes Yes Yes YesCredential Integrity None Strong Strong Strong ModerateDeployment Difficulty Easy Hard Moderate Moderate ModerateClient Identity Protection No No Yes Yes No

Appendix B Wireless LANsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide226Encryption Both WPA and WPA2 improve data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA and WPA2 use Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP) to offer stronger encryption than TKIP.TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm called Rijndael. They both include a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism.WPA and WPA2 regularly change and rotate the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is never used twice. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background automatically.The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped. By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity checking mechanism (MIC), with TKIP and AES it is more difficult to decrypt data on a Wi-Fi network than WEP and difficult for an intruder to break into the network. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA(2)-PSK susceptible to brute-force password-guessing attacks but it’s still an improvement over WEP as it employs a consistent, single, alphanumeric password to derive a PMK which is used to generate unique temporal encryption keys. This prevent all wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys. (a weakness of WEP)User Authentication WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number of key exchange messages from six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time required to connect to a network. Other WPA2 authentication features that are different from WPA include key caching and pre-authentication. These two features are optional and may not be supported in all wireless devices.Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a successful authentication with an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it tries to connect to the same AP and does not need to go with the authentication process again.Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it.

Appendix B Wireless LANsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 227Wireless Client WPA SupplicantsA wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the wireless client how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is the WPA patch for Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client. The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in "Zero Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it. WPA(2) with RADIUS Application ExampleTo set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system.1The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server.2The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies network access accordingly.3A 256-bit Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is derived from the authentication process by the RADIUS server and the client.4The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys. The keys are used to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients.Figure 125 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application ExampleWPA(2)-PSK Application ExampleA WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows.1First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal characters (including spaces and symbols).2The AP checks each wireless client's password and allows it to join the network only if the password matches.

Appendix B Wireless LANsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide2283The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key itself is not sent over the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID. 4The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information exchanged in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use these keys to encrypt data exchanged between them.Figure 126 WPA(2)-PSK AuthenticationSecurity Parameters SummaryRefer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each authentication method or key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you configure these security features.Table 82 Wireless Security Relational MatrixAUTHENTICATION METHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLENCRYPTION METHODENTER MANUAL KEY IEEE 802.1XOpen None No DisableEnable without Dynamic WEP KeyOpen WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP KeyYes Enable without Dynamic WEP KeyYes DisableShared WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP KeyYes Enable without Dynamic WEP KeyYes DisableWPA TKIP/AES No EnableWPA-PSK TKIP/AES Yes DisableWPA2 TKIP/AES No EnableWPA2-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable

Appendix B Wireless LANsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 229Antenna OverviewAn antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by capturing RF signals from the air. Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN. Antenna CharacteristicsFrequencyAn antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz (IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g) or 5GHz (IEEE 802.11a) is needed to communicate efficiently in a wireless LANRadiation PatternA radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antenna’s coverage area. Antenna GainAntenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width. Higher antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications. For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of approximately 2.5%. For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a range increase of approximately 5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network environment. Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the signal power compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical perfect antenna that sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the true gain that the antenna provides. Types of Antennas for WLANThere are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications.• Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The coverage area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room environment. With a wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage areas with multiple access points. • Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the light from its bulb. The angle of the beam determines the width of the coverage pattern. Angles typically range from 20 degrees (very directional) to 120 degrees (less directional). Directional antennas are ideal for hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications.

Appendix B Wireless LANsP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide230Positioning AntennasIn general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions. In point-to–point application, position both antennas at the same height and in a direct line of sight to each other to attain the best performance. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single AP application, place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as possible. For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area.

P-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 231APPENDIX C Common ServicesThe following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers. For a comprehensive list of port numbers, ICMP type/code numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) web site. •Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one, if you like.•Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not the port number.•Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers.• If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number.• If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number.•Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations in which this service is used.Table 83 Commonly Used ServicesNAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTIONAH (IPSEC_TUNNEL)User-Defined 51 The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling protocol uses this service.AIM/New-ICQ TCP 5190 AOL’s Internet Messenger service. It is also used as a listening port by ICQ.AUTH TCP 113 Authentication protocol used by some servers.BGP TCP 179 Border Gateway Protocol.BOOTP_CLIENT UDP 68 DHCP Client.BOOTP_SERVER UDP 67 DHCP Server.CU-SEEME TCPUDP764824032A popular videoconferencing solution from White Pines Software.DNS TCP/UDP 53 Domain Name Server, a service that matches web names (for example www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers.ESP (IPSEC_TUNNEL)User-Defined 50 The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service.FINGER TCP 79 Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on.

Appendix C Common ServicesP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide232FTP TCPTCP2021File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail.H.323 TCP 1720 NetMeeting uses this protocol.HTTP TCP 80 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/server protocol for the world wide web.HTTPS TCP 443 HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-commerce.ICMP User-Defined 1Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for diagnostic or routing purposes.ICQ UDP 4000 This is a popular Internet chat program.IGMP (MULTICAST)User-Defined 2Internet Group Management Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts.IKE UDP 500 The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key distribution and management.IRC TCP/UDP 6667 This is another popular Internet chat program.MSN Messenger TCP 1863 Microsoft Networks’ messenger service uses this protocol. NEW-ICQ TCP 5190 An Internet chat program.NEWS TCP 144 A protocol for news groups.NFS UDP 2049 Network File System - NFS is a client/server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments.NNTP TCP 119 Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service.PING User-Defined 1Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable.POP3 TCP 110 Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or other).PPTP TCP 1723 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel.PPTP_TUNNEL (GRE)User-Defined 47 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel.RCMD TCP 512 Remote Command Service.REAL_AUDIO TCP 7070 A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web.REXEC TCP 514 Remote Execution Daemon.RLOGIN TCP 513 Remote Login.RTELNET TCP 107 Remote Telnet.Table 83 Commonly Used Services (continued)NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION

Appendix C Common ServicesP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 233RTSP TCP/UDP 554 The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the Internet. SFTP TCP 115 Simple File Transfer Protocol.SMTP TCP 25 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another.SNMP TCP/UDP 161 Simple Network Management Program.SNMP-TRAPS TCP/UDP 162 Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215).SQL-NET TCP 1521 Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers.SSH TCP/UDP 22 Secure Shell Remote Login Program.STRM WORKS UDP 1558 Stream Works Protocol.SYSLOG UDP 514 Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server.TACACS UDP 49 Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System).TELNET TCP 23 Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems.TFTP UDP 69 Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).VDOLIVE TCP 7000 Another videoconferencing solution.Table 83 Commonly Used Services (continued)NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION

Appendix C Common ServicesP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide234

P-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 235APPENDIX D Legal InformationCopyrightCopyright © 2008 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.DisclaimersZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.Your use of the ZyXEL Device is subject to the terms and conditions of any related service providers. Use with products that have NAT, and/or 3G. Do not use the ZyXEL Device for illegal purposes. Illegal downloading or sharing of files can result in severe civil and criminal penalties. You are subject to the restrictions of copyright laws and any other applicable laws, and will bear the consequences of any infringements thereof. ZyXEL bears NO responsibility or liability for your use of the download service feature. Use for products that have a download service. Make sure all data and programs on the ZyXEL Device are also stored elsewhere. ZyXEL is not responsible for any loss of or damage to any data, programs, or storage media resulting from the use, misuse, or disuse of this or any other ZyXEL product. Use for storage/backup devices. TrademarksZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.

Appendix D Legal Information Certifications Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two Conditions: • This device may not cause harmful interference. • This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations. This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: 1 Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. 2 Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. 3 Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. 4 Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. FCC Radiation Exposure Statement • This equipment must be installed and operated in accordance with provided instructions and the antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. • IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-limited to channels 1 through 11. • End-users and installers must be provide with antenna installation instructions and transmitter operating conditions for satisfying RF exposure compliance.

Appendix D Legal Information 注意 ! 依據低功率電波輻射性電機管理辦法第十二條經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機，非經許可，公司、商號或使用者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。第十四條低功率射頻電機之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信；經發現有干擾現象時，應立即停用，並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。前項合法通信，指依電信規定作業之無線電信。低功率射頻電機須忍受合法通信或工業、科學及醫療用電波輻射性電機設備之干擾。本機限在不干擾合法電臺與不受被干擾保障條件下於室內使用。減少電磁波影響，請妥適使用。 Notices Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the grantee of this device could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz network throughout the EC region and Switzerland, with restrictions in France. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada. Viewing Certifications 1 Go to http://www.zyxel.com. 2 Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page. 3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page.

Appendix D Legal Information ZyXEL Limited Warranty ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions. Note Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser. To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to the warranty policy for the region in which you bought the device at http://www.zyxel.com/web/ support_warranty_info.php. Registration Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com.

Appendix D Legal Information

Appendix D Legal InformationP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide240

P-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 241APPENDIX E Customer SupportIn the event of problems that cannot be solved by using this manual, you should contact your vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a ZyXEL office for the region in which you bought the device. Regional offices are listed below (see also http://www.zyxel.com/web/contact_us.php). Please have the following information ready when you contact an office.Required Information• Product model and serial number.• Warranty Information.• Date that you received your device.• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.“+” is the (prefix) number you dial to make an international telephone call.Corporate Headquarters (Worldwide)• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.tw• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.tw• Telephone: +886-3-578-3942• Fax: +886-3-578-2439• Web: www.zyxel.com• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science Park, Hsinchu 300, TaiwanChina - ZyXEL Communications (Beijing) Corp.• Support E-mail: cso.zycn@zyxel.cn• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.cn• Telephone: +86-010-82800646• Fax: +86-010-82800587• Address: 902, Unit B, Horizon Building, No.6, Zhichun Str, Haidian District, Beijing• Web: http://www.zyxel.cnChina - ZyXEL Communications (Shanghai) Corp.• Support E-mail: cso.zycn@zyxel.cn• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.cn• Telephone: +86-021-61199055• Fax: +86-021-52069033

Appendix E Customer SupportP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide242• Address: 1005F, ShengGao International Tower, No.137 XianXia Rd., Shanghai• Web: http://www.zyxel.cnCosta Rica• Support E-mail: soporte@zyxel.co.cr• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.cr• Telephone: +506-2017878• Fax: +506-2015098• Web: www.zyxel.co.cr• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Costa Rica, Plaza Roble Escazú, Etapa El Patio, Tercer Piso, San José, Costa RicaCzech Republic• E-mail: info@cz.zyxel.com• Telephone: +420-241-091-350• Fax: +420-241-091-359• Web: www.zyxel.cz• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Czech s.r.o., Modranská 621, 143 01 Praha 4 - Modrany, Ceská RepublikaDenmark• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.dk• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.dk• Telephone: +45-39-55-07-00• Fax: +45-39-55-07-07• Web: www.zyxel.dk • Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Columbusvej, 2860 Soeborg, DenmarkFinland• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.fi• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.fi• Telephone: +358-9-4780-8411• Fax: +358-9-4780-8448• Web: www.zyxel.fi• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Oy, Malminkaari 10, 00700 Helsinki, FinlandFrance• E-mail: info@zyxel.fr • Telephone: +33-4-72-52-97-97• Fax: +33-4-72-52-19-20• Web: www.zyxel.fr• Regular Mail: ZyXEL France, 1 rue des Vergers, Bat. 1 / C, 69760 Limonest, France

Appendix E Customer SupportP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 243Germany• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.de• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.de• Telephone: +49-2405-6909-69• Fax: +49-2405-6909-99• Web: www.zyxel.de• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH., Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146, Wuerselen, GermanyHungary• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.hu• Sales E-mail: info@zyxel.hu• Telephone: +36-1-3361649• Fax: +36-1-3259100• Web: www.zyxel.hu• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Hungary, 48, Zoldlomb Str., H-1025, Budapest, HungaryIndia• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.in• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.in• Telephone: +91-11-30888144 to +91-11-30888153• Fax: +91-11-30888149, +91-11-26810715• Web: http://www.zyxel.in• Regular Mail: India - ZyXEL Technology India Pvt Ltd., II-Floor, F2/9 Okhla Phase -1, New Delhi 110020, IndiaJapan• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.jp• Sales E-mail: zyp@zyxel.co.jp• Telephone: +81-3-6847-3700• Fax: +81-3-6847-3705• Web: www.zyxel.co.jp• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Japan, 3F, Office T&U, 1-10-10 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0022, JapanKazakhstan• Support: http://zyxel.kz/support• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.kz• Telephone: +7-3272-590-698• Fax: +7-3272-590-689• Web: www.zyxel.kz• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Kazakhstan, 43 Dostyk Ave., Office 414, Dostyk Business Centre, 050010 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan

Appendix E Customer SupportP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide244Malaysia• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.my• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.my• Telephone: +603-8076-9933• Fax: +603-8076-9833• Web: http://www.zyxel.com.my• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Malaysia Sdn Bhd., 1-02 & 1-03, Jalan Kenari 17F, Bandar Puchong Jaya, 47100 Puchong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaNorth America• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com• Support Telephone: +1-800-978-7222• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com• Sales Telephone: +1-714-632-0882• Fax: +1-714-632-0858• Web: www.zyxel.com• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Inc., 1130 N. Miller St., Anaheim, CA 92806-2001, U.S.A.Norway• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.no • Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.no• Telephone: +47-22-80-61-80• Fax: +47-22-80-61-81• Web: www.zyxel.no• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Nils Hansens vei 13, 0667 Oslo, NorwayPoland• E-mail: info@pl.zyxel.com• Telephone: +48-22-333 8250• Fax: +48-22-333 8251• Web: www.pl.zyxel.com• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, ul. Okrzei 1A, 03-715 Warszawa, PolandRussia• Support: http://zyxel.ru/support• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.ru• Telephone: +7-095-542-89-29• Fax: +7-095-542-89-25• Web: www.zyxel.ru• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Russia, Ostrovityanova 37a Str., Moscow 117279, Russia

Appendix E Customer SupportP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 245Singapore• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.sg• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.sg• Telephone: +65-6899-6678• Fax: +65-6899-8887• Web: http://www.zyxel.com.sg• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Singapore Pte Ltd., No. 2 International Business Park, The Strategy #03-28, Singapore 609930Spain• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.es• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.es• Telephone: +34-902-195-420• Fax: +34-913-005-345• Web: www.zyxel.es • Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Arte, 21 5ª planta, 28033 Madrid, SpainSweden• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.se• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.se• Telephone: +46-31-744-7700• Fax: +46-31-744-7701• Web: www.zyxel.se• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Sjöporten 4, 41764 Göteborg, SwedenTaiwan• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.tw• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.tw• Telephone: +886-2-27399889• Fax: +886-2-27353220• Web: http://www.zyxel.com.tw• Address: Room B, 21F., No.333, Sec. 2, Dunhua S. Rd., Da-an District, TaipeiThailand• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.th• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.th• Telephone: +662-831-5315• Fax: +662-831-5395• Web: http://www.zyxel.co.th• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Thailand Co., Ltd., 1/1 Moo 2, Ratchaphruk Road, Bangrak-Noi, Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.

Appendix E Customer SupportP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide246Turkey• Support E-mail: cso@zyxel.com.tr• Telephone: +90 212 222 55 22• Fax: +90-212-220-2526• Web: http:www.zyxel.com.tr• Address: Kaptanpasa Mahallesi Piyalepasa Bulvari Ortadogu Plaza N:14/13 K:6 Okmeydani/Sisli Istanbul/TurkeyUkraine• Support E-mail: support@ua.zyxel.com• Sales E-mail: sales@ua.zyxel.com• Telephone: +380-44-247-69-78• Fax: +380-44-494-49-32• Web: www.ua.zyxel.com• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Ukraine, 13, Pimonenko Str., Kiev 04050, UkraineUnited Kingdom• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.uk• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.uk• Telephone: +44-1344-303044, 0845 122 0301 (UK only)• Fax: +44-1344-303034• Web: www.zyxel.co.uk• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications UK Ltd., 11 The Courtyard, Eastern Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2XB, United Kingdom (UK)

IndexP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 247IndexAAccess point 65See also AP.Address Assignment 56Address mapping 99Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 60Advanced Encryption StandardSee AES.AES 226antennadirectional 229gain 229omni-directional 229Any IP 59How it works 60note 60Any IP Setup 62Any IP table 185AP 65See also access point.AP (access point) 219Application-level Firewalls 108ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) 81Attack Alert 136Attack Types 112BBackup Type 91Bandwidth Borrowing 170bandwidth budget 165bandwidth capacity 165Bandwidth Class 165bandwidth class 165Bandwidth Filter 165bandwidth filter 165Bandwidth Management 165Bandwidth Management Statistics 176Bandwidth Manager Class Configuration 173Bandwidth Manager Class Setup 172Bandwidth Manager Monitor 177Bandwidth Manager Summary 171Basic Service Set, See BSS 217Blocking Time 136Borrow bandwidth from parent class 174Brute-force Attack, 111BSS 217BW Budget 174CCA 224CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) 88Certificate AuthoritySee CA.certifications 236, 237notices 236, 238viewing 237, 239change password at login 34channel 65, 219interference 219Class Name 174command interface 29, 30Configuration 56, 185contact information 241Content Filtering 139Categories 139Schedule 141Trusted computers 141URL keyword blocking 140Content filtering 139copyright 235CTS (Clear to Send) 220Custom PortsCreating/Editing 128customer support 241Customized Services 128Customized services 128Ddefault LAN IP address 33Denial of Service 108, 109, 135, 136Destination Address 121

IndexP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide248device model number 189DHCP 56, 57, 103, 185DHCP server 185DHCP table 185diagnostic 187dimensions 201disclaimer 235Domain Name 56, 97Domain Name System 56DoS 109Basics 109Types 110DoS attacks, types of 110DSL line, reinitialize 188Dynamic DNS 103dynamic WEP key exchange 225DYNDNS Wildcard 103EEAP Authentication 223ECHO 97E-mailLog Example 162embedded help 35Encapsulated Routing Link Protocol (ENET ENCAP) 81Encapsulation 81ENET ENCAP 81PPP over Ethernet 81PPPoA 81RFC 1483 82encryption 67, 226and local (user) database 67key 68WPA compatible 68ESS 218ESSID 199Extended Service Set, See ESS 218FFairness-based Scheduler 168FCC interference statement 236, 237file transfer using FTPcommand example 191filename convention, configurationconfigurationfile names 191Finger 97FirewallAccess Methods 119Address Type 127Alerts 122Anti-Probing 134Creating/Editing Rules 125Custom Ports 128Enabling 122Firewall Vs Filters 117Guidelines For Enhancing Security 116Introduction 108LAN to WAN Rules 121Policies 119Rule Checklist 120Rule Logic 120Rule Security Ramifications 120Services 133Types 107When To Use 118firmware 189upgrade 189upload 189upload error 190fragmentation threshold 220FTP 30, 96, 97, 143, 190file transfer procedure 191restrictions over WAN 192FTP Restrictions 143HHalf-Open Sessions 135hidden node 219hide SSID 66Host 37HTTP 97, 108, 109, 110HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) 189humidity 201IIANA 57, 58IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) 128IBSS 217ICMP echo 111IEEE 802.11g 221IGMP 58, 59Independent Basic Service Set

IndexP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 249See IBSS 217initialization vector (IV) 226Install UPnP 149Windows Me 149Windows XP 150Internet access 41Internet access wizard setup 41, 49Internet Assigned Numbers AuthoritySee IANA 57Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 111, 134IP Address 57, 97, 185IP Address Assignment 82ENET ENCAP 83PPPoA or PPPoE 82RFC 1483 82IP Pool Setup 56IP protocol type 133IP Spoofing 110, 113KKey Fields For Configuring Rules 121LLAN Setup 55, 81LAN TCP/IP 57LAN to WAN Rules 121LAND 110, 111LEDs 30local (user) database 66and encryption 67Local NetworkRule Summary 124Logs 159MMAC (Media Access Control) 185MAC (Media Access Control) address. 77MAC address 66MAC address filter 66MAC Address Filter Action 78MAC Address Filtering 77maintenance 181management idle timeout period 34managing the devicegood habits 30using FTP. See FTP.using Telnet. See command interface.using the command interface. See command interface.using the web configurator. See web configurator.Maximize Bandwidth Usage 168Maximum Burst Size (MBS) 84, 88Max-incomplete High 135Max-incomplete Low 135Message Integrity Check (MIC) 226Metric 83Multicast 58Multiplexing 82multiplexing 82LLC-based 82VC-based 82Multiprotocol Encapsulation 82NNailed-Up Connection 83NAT 57, 96, 97Address mapping rule 101Application 94Definitions 93How it works 94Mapping Types 95What it does 94What NAT does 94NAT (Network Address Translation) 93NAT mode 98NAT Traversal 147navigating the web configurator 34NetBIOS commands 112Network Management 97NNTP 97OOne-Minute High 135PPacket Filtering 117

IndexP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide250Packet filteringWhen to use 117Packet Filtering Firewalls 107Pairwise Master Key (PMK) 226, 228Peak Cell Rate (PCR) 84, 88Ping of Death 110Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) 81Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 97POP3 97, 109, 110Port Numbers 97power adaptor specifications 206power specification 201PPP session over Ethernet (PPP over Ethernet, RFC 2516) 81PPPoE 84Benefits 84PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) 84PPTP 97preamble mode 221Priority 174Priority-based Scheduler 168product registration 239Proportional Bandwidth Allocation 166PSK 226PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) 81RRADIUS 222message types 223messages 223shared secret key 223RADIUS server 66real-time application 165registrationproduct 239reinitialize the ADSL line 188related documentation 3Remote Management and NAT 144Remote Management Limitations 143Reset button, the 34resetting the Device 34RFC 1483 82RFC 1631 93RIPSee Routing Information Protocol 58Roaming 79Root Class 172Routing Information Protocol 58Direction 58Version 58RTS (Request To Send) 220threshold 219, 220RTS (Request To Send) threshold 71Rule Summary 123Rules 121Checklist 120Key Fields 121LAN to WAN 121Logic 120Predefined Services 133Summary 123Ssafety warnings 6Saving the State 113Scheduler 167screws 205Security In General 116Security Ramifications 120Server 95, 96Service 121Service Set IDentification 70Service Set IDentity. See SSID.Service Type 129Services 97SMTP 97Smurf 111, 112SNMP 97Source Address 121, 127specifications 206power adaptor 206SSID 65, 70hide 66Stateful Inspection 107, 108, 113, 114Process 114SUA 96, 97SUA (Single User Account) 96SUA server 96, 98Default server set 97SUA vs NAT 96SUA/NAT Server Set 99Sub-class Layers 172Subnet Mask 57, 127Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) 88Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) 84SYN Flood 110, 111SYN-ACK 111

IndexP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 251syntax conventions 4System Timeout 144TTCP Maximum Incomplete 136TCP Security 115TCP/IP 109, 110, 144Teardrop 110Teln e t 144Telnet Configuration 144temperature 201Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) 226TFTP Restrictions 143Three-Way Handshake 110Threshold Values 135Traceroute 112trademarks 235Traffic Redirect 90Traffic redirect 90, 92Traffic shaping 84UUBR (Unspecified Bit Rate) 88UDP/ICMP Security 115Universal Plug and Play 147Application 147Security issues 147Universal Plug and Play Forum 148UPnP 147Upper Layer Protocols 115, 116user authentication 66local (user) database 66RADIUS server 66weaknesses 67User Name 104VVBR (Variable Bit Rate) 88Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) 82virtual circuit (VC) 82Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) 82Voice-over-IP (VoIP) 165VPI & VCI 82WWAN (Wide Area Network) 81WAN backup 90WAN to LAN Rules 121warranty 239note 239Web Configurator 33, 34, 35, 108, 116, 121web configurator 29web configurator screen summary 35WEP encryption 72Wi-Fi Protected Access 225wireless channel 199wireless client 65wireless client WPA supplicants 227Wireless LANConfiguring 70wireless LAN 199Wireless networkbasic guidelines 65channel 65encryption 67example 65MAC address filter 66overview 65security 66SSID 65Wireless security 66overview 66type 66wireless security 199, 221WLANinterference 219security parameters 228WPA 225key caching 226pre-authentication 226user authentication 226vs WPA-PSK 226wireless client supplicant 227with RADIUS application example 227WPA compatible 68WPA2 225user authentication 226vs WPA2-PSK 226wireless client supplicant 227with RADIUS application example 227WPA2-Pre-Shared Key 225WPA2-PSK 225, 226application example 227

IndexP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide252WPA-PSK 225, 226application example 227ZZero configuration Internet access 85ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) 191ZyXEL FirewallIntroduction 108

IndexP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide 253

IndexP-660W-Tx v2 User’s Guide254

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