ZyXEL Communications P2612HNUF1F ADSL2+ VoIP IAD User Manual Manual Part 1

ZyXEL Communications Corporation ADSL2+ VoIP IAD Manual Part 1

Contents

Manual Part 1

www.zyxel.comwww.zyxel.comP-2612HNU(L)-FxF802.11n ADSL2+ VoIP IADCopyright © 2013 ZyXEL Communications CorporationFirmware Version 3.10Edition 1, 9/2013Default Login DetailsIP Address https://192.168.1.1User Name Admin account: adminUser account: userPassword Admin account: 1234User account: 1234
About This User's GuideP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 3About This User's GuideIntended AudienceThis manual is intended for people who want to configure the ZyXEL Device usingthe web configurator.Related Documentation• Quick Start GuideThe Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access.• Support DiscRefer to the included CD for support documents.Documentation FeedbackSend your comments, questions or suggestions to: techwriters@zyxel.com.twThank you!The Technical Writing Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp.,6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 30099, Taiwan.Need More Help?More help is available at www.zyxel.com.
About This User's GuideP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide4• Download LibrarySearch for the latest product updates and documentation from this link. Read the Tech Doc Overview to find out how to efficiently use the User Guide, Quick Start Guide and Command Line Interface Reference Guide in order to better understand how to use your product.• Knowledge BaseIf you have a specific question about your product, the answer may be here. This is a collection of answers to previously asked questions about ZyXEL products. • ForumThis contains discussions on ZyXEL products. Learn from others who use ZyXEL products and share your experiences as well.Customer SupportShould problems arise that cannot be solved by the methods listed above, you should contact your vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact aZyXEL office for the region in which you bought the device. See http://www.zyxel.com/web/contact_us.php for contact information. Please have the following information ready when you contact an office.• Product model and serial number.• Warranty Information.• Date that you received your device.• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
Document ConventionsP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 5Document ConventionsWarnings and NotesThese are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide. Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.Syntax Conventions• The P-2612HNU(L)-FxF may be referred to as the “ZyXEL Device”, the “device”, the “system” or the “product” in this User’s Guide.• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER] means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key. “Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefinedchoices.• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. Forexample, Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen.• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000” or “1048576” and so on.• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in otherwords”.
Document ConventionsP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide6Icons Used in FiguresFigures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The ZyXEL Device icon is not an exact representation of your device.ZyXEL Device Computer Notebook computerServer Firewall TelephoneRouter Switch
Safety WarningsP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 7Safety Warnings• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.• Do NOT store things on the device.• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you todangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.• Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause electrocution.• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power source.• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one.• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. • Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.• Use only No. 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or larger telecommunication line cord.• If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical lines, gas or water pipes will be damaged.• This CPE is indoor use only. (Utilisation intérieure exclusivement.)Your product is marked with this symbol, which is known as the WEEE mark. WEEE stands for Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment. It means that used electrical and electronic products should not be mixed with general waste. Used electrical and electronic equipment should be treated separately.
Safety WarningsP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide8
Contents OverviewP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 9Contents OverviewUser’s Guide ...........................................................................................................................19Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 21Introducing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................. 29Tutorials ..................................................................................................................................... 37Technical Reference .............................................................................................................. 83Connection Status and System Info Screens ............................................................................ 85Broadband ................................................................................................................................. 91Wireless ....................................................................................................................................119Home Networking .................................................................................................................... 149Routing .................................................................................................................................... 177DNS Route .............................................................................................................................. 181Quality of Service (QoS) .......................................................................................................... 185Network Address Translation (NAT) ........................................................................................ 199Dynamic DNS .......................................................................................................................... 207Firewall .................................................................................................................................... 209MAC Filter ................................................................................................................................ 215Certificates ............................................................................................................................... 217VoIP ......................................................................................................................................... 225Logs ........................................................................................................................................ 255System Monitor ....................................................................................................................... 259User Account ........................................................................................................................... 267Remote MGMT ........................................................................................................................ 269System ..................................................................................................................................... 271Time Setting ............................................................................................................................. 273Log Setting ............................................................................................................................. 275Firmware Upgrade ................................................................................................................... 277Backup/Restore ....................................................................................................................... 279Diagnostic ................................................................................................................................ 283Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 287Product Specifications ............................................................................................................. 295
Contents OverviewP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide10
Table of ContentsP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 11Table of ContentsAbout This User's Guide .......................................................................................................... 3Document Conventions............................................................................................................5Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................7Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................9Table of Contents.................................................................................................................... 11Part I: User’s Guide................................................................................ 19Chapter 1Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 211.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 211.2 Applications for the ZyXEL Device ...................................................................................... 221.2.1 Internet Access .......................................................................................................... 221.2.2 VoIP Features ............................................................................................................ 231.2.3 ZyXEL Device’s USB Support .................................................................................... 241.2.4 Wireless Connection .................................................................................................. 241.3 The WPS/WLAN Button ...................................................................................................... 251.4 Ways to Manage the ZyXEL Device .................................................................................... 251.5 Good Habits for Managing the ZyXEL Device ..................................................................... 261.6 LEDs (Lights) ....................................................................................................................... 261.7 The RESET Button .............................................................................................................. 28Chapter 2Introducing the Web Configurator ........................................................................................ 292.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 292.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator ................................................................................ 292.2 The Web Configurator Layout .............................................................................................. 322.2.1 Title Bar ...................................................................................................................... 322.2.2 Main Window .............................................................................................................. 332.2.3 Navigation Panel ........................................................................................................ 33Chapter 3Tutorials ................................................................................................................................... 373.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 37
Table of ContentsP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide123.2 Setting Up Your DSL Connection ........................................................................................ 373.3 How to Set up a Wireless Network ...................................................................................... 413.3.1 Example Parameters .................................................................................................. 413.3.2 Configuring the AP ..................................................................................................... 413.3.3 Configuring the Wireless Client .................................................................................. 433.4 Setting Up NAT Port Forwarding ......................................................................................... 503.5 How to Make a VoIP Call ..................................................................................................... 523.5.1 VoIP Calls With a Registered SIP Account ................................................................ 523.6 Using the File Sharing Feature ............................................................................................ 553.6.1 Set Up File Sharing .................................................................................................... 553.6.2 Access Your Shared Files From a Computer ............................................................. 573.7 Using the Print Server Feature ............................................................................................ 583.8 Configuring the MAC Address Filter .................................................................................... 733.9 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network ................................................... 743.10 Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup ......................................................................... 763.11 Access the ZyXEL Device Using DDNS ............................................................................ 793.11.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org ................................................... 803.11.2 Configuring DDNS on Your ZyXEL Device ............................................................... 813.11.3 Testing the DDNS Setting ......................................................................................... 81Part II: Technical Reference .................................................................. 83Chapter 4Connection Status and System Info Screens.......................................................................854.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 854.2 The Connection Status Screen ............................................................................................ 854.3 The System Info Screen ...................................................................................................... 87Chapter 5Broadband ............................................................................................................................... 915.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 915.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .............................................................................. 925.1.2 What You Need to Know ............................................................................................ 925.1.3 Before You Begin ....................................................................................................... 935.2 The Broadband Screen ....................................................................................................... 945.2.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection ..................................................................................... 955.3 The 3G Backup Screen ..................................................................................................... 1085.4 Technical Reference ...........................................................................................................110Chapter 6Wireless ................................................................................................................................. 119
Table of ContentsP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 136.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................1196.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .............................................................................1196.1.2 Wireless Network Overview ......................................................................................1196.1.3 Before You Begin ..................................................................................................... 1216.2 The Wireless General Screen .......................................................................................... 1216.2.1 No Security ............................................................................................................... 1236.2.2 Basic (Static WEP/Shared WEP Encryption) ........................................................... 1246.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK) .................................................................................... 1266.2.4 WPA(2) Authentication ............................................................................................. 1276.3 The More AP Screen ......................................................................................................... 1296.3.1 Edit More AP ............................................................................................................ 1306.4 The WPS Screen ............................................................................................................... 1316.5 The WMM Screen .............................................................................................................. 1336.6 Scheduling Screen ........................................................................................................... 1356.7 Technical Reference .......................................................................................................... 1356.7.1 Additional Wireless Terms ........................................................................................ 1366.7.2 Wireless Security Overview ..................................................................................... 1366.7.3 Signal Problems ....................................................................................................... 1396.7.4 BSS .......................................................................................................................... 1396.7.5 MBSSID ................................................................................................................... 1406.7.6 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) .................................................................................... 141Chapter 7Home Networking .................................................................................................................1497.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 1497.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................ 1497.1.2 What You Need To Know ......................................................................................... 1507.2 The LAN Setup Screen ...................................................................................................... 1537.3 The Static DHCP Screen ................................................................................................... 1547.3.1 Before You Begin ..................................................................................................... 1547.4 The UPnP Screen .............................................................................................................. 1567.5 The File Sharing Screen .................................................................................................... 1577.5.1 Before You Begin ..................................................................................................... 1577.5.2 Add/Edit File Sharing ............................................................................................... 1597.6 The Printer Server Screen ................................................................................................. 1607.6.1 Before You Begin ..................................................................................................... 1607.7 Technical Reference .......................................................................................................... 1617.8 Installing UPnP in Windows Example ................................................................................ 1657.9 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ............................................................................... 169Chapter 8Routing .................................................................................................................................. 1778.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 177
Table of ContentsP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide148.2 Configuring Static Route .................................................................................................... 1788.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route ............................................................................................. 179Chapter 9DNS Route .............................................................................................................................1819.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 1819.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................ 1829.2 The DNS Route Screen ..................................................................................................... 1829.2.1 Add/Edit DNS Route Edit ........................................................................................ 183Chapter 10Quality of Service (QoS).......................................................................................................18510.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 18510.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 18510.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................ 18610.2 The QoS General Screen ............................................................................................... 18610.3 The Queue Setup Screen ................................................................................................ 18810.3.1 Add/Edit a QoS Queue .......................................................................................... 18910.4 The Class Setup Screen ................................................................................................ 19010.4.1 Add/Edit QoS Class .............................................................................................. 19110.5 The QoS Monitor Screen ................................................................................................ 19410.6 QoS Technical Reference ................................................................................................ 19510.6.1 IEEE 802.1Q Tag ................................................................................................... 19510.6.2 IP Precedence ........................................................................................................ 19610.6.3 DiffServ ................................................................................................................. 196Chapter 11Network Address Translation (NAT).................................................................................... 19911.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 19911.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................... 19911.1.2 What You Need To Know ........................................................................................ 19911.2 The Port Forwarding Screen ........................................................................................... 20011.2.1 The Port Forwarding Screen .................................................................................. 20111.2.2 The Port Forwarding Edit Screen ........................................................................... 20211.3 The Sessions Screen ....................................................................................................... 20311.4 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................ 20411.4.1 NAT Definitions ....................................................................................................... 20411.4.2 What NAT Does ...................................................................................................... 20511.4.3 How NAT Works ..................................................................................................... 205Chapter 12Dynamic DNS ........................................................................................................................20712.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 207
Table of ContentsP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1512.1.1 What You Need To Know ....................................................................................... 20712.2 The Dynamic DNS Screen .............................................................................................. 208Chapter 13Firewall................................................................................................................................... 20913.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 20913.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 20913.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................ 21013.2 The General Screen ........................................................................................................21113.3 The Services Screen ........................................................................................................21113.4 Firewall Technical Reference ........................................................................................... 21313.4.1 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall .......................................... 21313.4.2 Security Considerations ......................................................................................... 213Chapter 14MAC Filter..............................................................................................................................21514.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 21514.1.1 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................ 21514.2 The MAC Filter Screen .................................................................................................... 216Chapter 15Certificates ............................................................................................................................ 21715.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 21715.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 21715.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................ 21715.1.3 Verifying a Certificate ............................................................................................. 21915.2 Local Certificates ............................................................................................................. 22015.3 Trusted CA ..................................................................................................................... 22215.4 Trusted CA Import ......................................................................................................... 22315.5 View Certificate ................................................................................................................ 224Chapter 16VoIP ........................................................................................................................................ 22516.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 22516.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 22516.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................ 22616.1.3 Before You Begin ................................................................................................... 22716.2 The SIP Service Provider Screen ................................................................................... 22716.3 The SIP Account Screen ................................................................................................. 23116.3.1 Add/Edit SIP Account ............................................................................................. 23316.4 The SIP Common Screen ................................................................................................ 23616.5 Multiple SIP Accounts ...................................................................................................... 23616.5.1 Outgoing Calls ........................................................................................................ 237
Table of ContentsP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1616.5.2 Incoming Calls ........................................................................................................ 23816.6 The Phone Device Screen .............................................................................................. 23916.6.1 Edit Phone Device .................................................................................................. 24016.7 The Region Screen ......................................................................................................... 24116.8 The Call Rule Screen ...................................................................................................... 24116.9 The FXO Screen (“L” Models Only) ................................................................................. 24316.10 Technical Reference ...................................................................................................... 24416.10.1 VoIP ...................................................................................................................... 24416.10.2 SIP ...................................................................................................................... 24416.10.3 Quality of Service (QoS) ...................................................................................... 25016.10.4 Phone Services Overview .................................................................................... 251Chapter 17Logs ......................................................................................................................................25517.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 25517.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 25517.2 The Phone Log Screen .................................................................................................... 25517.3 The VoIP Call History Screen .......................................................................................... 256Chapter 18System Monitor ....................................................................................................................25918.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 25918.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 25918.2 The WAN Status Screen .................................................................................................. 26018.3 The LAN Status Screen ................................................................................................... 26118.4 The NAT Status Screen ................................................................................................... 26218.5 The 3G Backup Status Screen ........................................................................................ 26218.6 The VoIP Status Screen .................................................................................................. 263Chapter 19User Account.........................................................................................................................26719.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 26719.2 The User Account Screen ............................................................................................... 267Chapter 20Remote MGMT....................................................................................................................... 26920.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 26920.1.1 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................ 26920.2 The Remote MGMT Screen ............................................................................................ 270Chapter 21System ................................................................................................................................... 27121.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 271
Table of ContentsP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1721.1.1 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................ 27121.2 The System Screen ......................................................................................................... 271Chapter 22Time Setting .......................................................................................................................... 27322.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 27322.2 The Time Setting Screen ................................................................................................ 273Chapter 23Log Setting ...........................................................................................................................27523.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 27523.2 The Log Setting Screen ................................................................................................... 275Chapter 24Firmware Upgrade ................................................................................................................27724.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 27724.2 The Firmware Upgrade Screen ....................................................................................... 277Chapter 25Backup/Restore..................................................................................................................... 27925.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 27925.2 The Backup/Restore Screen ........................................................................................... 27925.3 The Reboot Screen ......................................................................................................... 281Chapter 26Diagnostic.............................................................................................................................. 28326.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 28326.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 28326.2 The Ping Screen .............................................................................................................. 28326.3 The DSL Line Screen ...................................................................................................... 284Chapter 27Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................... 28727.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 28727.2 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ...................................................................... 28727.3 ZyXEL Device Access and Login .................................................................................... 28827.4 Internet Access ................................................................................................................ 29027.5 Wireless Internet Access ................................................................................................. 29227.6 Phone Calls and VoIP ...................................................................................................... 29327.7 USB Device Connection .................................................................................................. 29427.8 UPnP ............................................................................................................................... 294Chapter 28Product Specifications .........................................................................................................295
Table of ContentsP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide18Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting ...........................................................................305Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address...........................................................317Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions........................................347Appendix D Wireless LANs .................................................................................................. 357Appendix E Common Services............................................................................................. 381Appendix F Open Software Announcements ....................................................................... 385Appendix G Legal Information.............................................................................................. 409Index....................................................................................................................................... 411
19PART IUser’s Guide
20
P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 21CHAPTER 1 Introduction1.1 OverviewThe ZyXEL Device is an ADSL2+ Integrated Access Device (IAD) that combines an ADSL2+ router with Voice over IP (VoIP) communication capabilities to allow you to use a traditional analog telephone to make Internet calls. By integrating DSL and NAT, you are provided with ease of installation and high-speed, shared Internet access. The ZyXEL Device is also a complete security solution with a robust firewall.Please refer to the following description of the product name format.• “H” denotes an integrated 4-port hub (switch).• “N” denotes wireless functionality, including 802.11n mode. There is an embedded mini-PCI module for IEEE 802.11 b/g/n wireless LAN connectivity. • “U” denotes a USB port used to set up a 3G WAN connection via a 3G wireless card or share files via a USB memory stick or a USB hard drive. The ZyXEL Device can function as a print server with an USB printer connected.• “L” denotes the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) line feature. The PSTN line lets you have VoIP phone service and PSTN phone service at the same time. All PSTN line features documented in this user’s guide refer to the “L” models only.When the ZyXEL Device does not have power, only the phone connected to the PHONE port 1 can be used for making calls. Ensure you know which phone this is, so that in case of emergency you can make outgoing calls. • Models ending in “1”, for example P-2612HNU(L)-F1, denote a device that works over the analog telephone system, POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service). Models ending in “3” denote a device that works over ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) or T-ISDN (UR-2).Only use firmware for your ZyXEL Device’s specific model. Refer to the label on the bottom of your ZyXEL Device.See the chapter on product specifications for a full list of features.
Chapter 1 IntroductionP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide221.2 Applications for the ZyXEL DeviceHere are some example uses for which the ZyXEL Device is well suited.1.2.1 Internet AccessYour ZyXEL Device provides shared Internet access by connecting the DSL port to the DSL or MODEM jack on a splitter or your telephone jack. Computers can connect to the ZyXEL Device’s LAN ports (or wirelessly). You can have multiple WAN services over one ADSL or Ethernet line. The ZyXEL Device cannot work inADSL and Ethernet mode at the same time. Figure 1 ZyXEL Device’s Internet Access Application1.2.1.1 3G WANThe USB port allows you to wirelessly connect to a 3G network to get Internetaccess by attaching a 3G wireless card. You must leave the DSL or Ethernet WAN port unconnected and attached a 3G wireless card to use 3G as your WAN. You can also have the ZyXEL Device use the 3G WAN connection as a backup. That means the ZyXEL Device switches to the 3G wireless WAN connection after the wired DSL or Ethernet WAN connection fails. The ZyXEL Device automaticallychanges back to use the wired DSL or Ethernet WAN connection when it is available.Figure 2 Internet Access Application: 3G WAN LANPPPoEIPoEBridging WANADSL/Ethernet
Chapter 1 IntroductionP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 23You can also configure firewall on the ZyXEL Device for secure Internet access.When the firewall is on, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network isblocked unless it is initiated from your network. This means that probes from theoutside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet and download files.Use QoS to efficiently manage traffic on your network by giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular computers. For example, you could make sure that the ZyXEL Device gives voice over Internet calls high priority, and/or limitbandwidth devoted to the boss’s excessive file downloading.1.2.2 VoIP FeaturesYou can register up to 2 SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) profiles (4 accounts for each profile) and use the ZyXEL Device to make and receive VoIP telephone calls:Figure 3 ZyXEL Device’s VoIP ApplicationThe ZyXEL Device sends your call to a VoIP service provider’s SIP server which forwards your calls to either VoIP or PSTN phones.PSTN
Chapter 1 IntroductionP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide241.2.3 ZyXEL Device’s USB SupportUse the built-in USB 2.0 port to share files via a USB memory stick or a USB hard drive (A). Alternatively, you can add a USB printer (B) and make it available on your local area network.Figure 4 USB File Sharing or Print Server Application1.2.4 Wireless ConnectionBy default, the wireless LAN (WLAN) is enabled on the ZyXEL Device. IEEE 802.11b/g/n compliant clients can wirelessly connect to the ZyXEL Device to access network resources. You can set up a wireless network with WPS (WiFi Protected Setup) or manually add a client to your wireless network.Figure 5 Wireless Connection ApplicationABLANWLANWAN
Chapter 1 IntroductionP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 251.3 The WPS/WLAN ButtonYou can use the WPS button ( ) on the top of the device to turn the wireless LAN off or on. You can also use it to activate WPS in order to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security.Turn the Wireless LAN Off or On1Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).2Press the WPS button for one second and release it. The WLAN/WPS LED shouldchange from on to off or vice versa. Activate WPS1Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).2Press the WPS button for more than five seconds and release it. Press the WPS button on another WPS -enabled device within range of the ZyXEL Device. The WLAN/WPS LED should flash while the ZyXEL Device sets up a WPS connection with the wireless device. Note: You must activate WPS in the ZyXEL Device and in another wireless devicewithin two minutes of each other. See Chapter 6 on page 141 for more information.1.4 Ways to Manage the ZyXEL DeviceUse any of the following methods to manage the ZyXEL Device.• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the ZyXEL Device using a (supported) web browser.• Command Line Interface. Line commands are mostly used for troubleshooting by service engineers.• FTP for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/restore.
Chapter 1 IntroductionP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide261.5 Good Habits for Managing the ZyXEL DeviceDo the following things regularly to make the ZyXEL Device more secure and tomanage the ZyXEL Device more effectively.• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the ZyXEL Device to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the ZyXEL Device.You could simply restore your last configuration.1.6 LEDs (Lights)The following graphic displays the labels of the LEDs.Figure 6 LEDs on the Top of the DeviceNone of the LEDs are on if the ZyXEL Device is not receiving power.Table 1 LED DescriptionsLED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTIONPOWER Green On The ZyXEL Device is receiving power and ready for use.Blinking The ZyXEL Device is self-testing.Red On The ZyXEL Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device malfunction.Off The ZyXEL Device is not receiving power.ETHERNET1-4Green On The ZyXEL Device has an Ethernet connection with a device on the Local Area Network (LAN).Blinking The ZyXEL Device is sending/receiving data to/from the LAN.Off The ZyXEL Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.
Chapter 1 IntroductionP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 27Refer to the Quick Start Guide for information on hardware connections. WLAN/WPSGreen On The wireless network is activated and is operating in IEEE 802.11 mode.Blinking The ZyXEL Device is communicating with other wireless clients.Orange Blinking The WPS connection is being configured.Off The wireless network is not activated.DSL Green On This light applies when the ZyXEL Device is in DSL WAN mode. The DSL line is up. Blinking The ZyXEL Device is attempting to synchronize DSL signal.Off The DSL line is down.WAN Green On This light applies when the ZyXEL Device is in Ethernet WAN mode. The ZyXEL Device has an Ethernet connection with a device on the WAN.Blinking The ZyXEL Device is sending/receiving data to/from the WAN.Off The ZyXEL Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the WAN.INTERNET Green On The ZyXEL Device has an IP connection but no traffic.Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used).Blinking The ZyXEL Device is sending or receiving IP traffic.Red On The ZyXEL Device attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible causes are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE authentication failed.Off The ZyXEL Device does not have an IP connection.PHONE Green On A SIP account is registered for the phone port.Blinking A telephone connected to the phone port has its receiver off of the hook or there is an incoming call.Orange On A SIP account is registered for the phone port and there is a voice message in the corresponding SIP account.Blinking A telephone connected to the phone port has its receiver off of the hook and there is a voice message in the corresponding SIP account.Off The phone port does not have a SIP account registered.USB Green/OrangeOn The ZyXEL Device recognizes a USB connection but there is no traffic.Blinking The ZyXEL Device is sending/receiving data to /from theUSB device connected to it.Off The ZyXEL Device does not detect a USB connection.Table 1 LED DescriptionsLED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Chapter 1 IntroductionP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide281.7 The RESET ButtonIf you forget your password or cannot access the web configurator, you will needto use the RESET button at the back of the device to reload the factory-defaultconfiguration file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously and the passwords will be reset to the defaults.1Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).2To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for 5 seconds or until the POWER LED begins to blink and then release it. When the POWER LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the device restarts.
P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 29CHAPTER 2 Introducing the WebConfigurator2.1 OverviewThe web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy device setup and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later versions, Mozilla Firefox 3 and later versions, or Safari 2.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.• JavaScript (enabled by default).• Java permissions (enabled by default).See Appendix C on page 347 if you need to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet Explorer.2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator1Make sure your ZyXEL Device hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick Start Guide).2Launch your web browser.3Type "192.168.1.1" as the URL.4A password screen displays. Type “admin” or “user” (default) as the accountusername and “1234” as the password, and click Login. Some features are notconfigurable with the user account.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web ConfiguratorP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide30If you have changed the password, enter your password and click Login. Figure 7 Password ScreenNote: For security reasons, the ZyXEL Device automatically logs you out if you do not use the web configurator for five minutes (default). If this happens, log in again.5The following screen displays if you have not yet changed your password. It isstrongly recommended you change the default password. Enter a new password, retype it to confirm and click Apply; alternatively click Skip to proceed to the main menu if you do not want to change the password now.Figure 8 Change Password Screen
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web ConfiguratorP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 316The Connection Status screen appears.Figure 9 Connection Status 7Click System Info to display the System Info screen, where you can view the ZyXEL Device’s interface and system information.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web ConfiguratorP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide322.2 The Web Configurator Layout Click Connection Status > System Info to show the following screen.Figure 10 Web Configurator LayoutAs illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts:•A - title bar•B- main window •C- navigation panel2.2.1 Title BarThe title bar shows the following icon in the upper right corner.BCA
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web ConfiguratorP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 33Click this icon to log out of the web configurator.2.2.2 Main WindowThe main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed inthe rest of this document.After you click System Info on the Connection Status screen, the System Infoscreen is displayed. See Chapter 4 on page 87 for more information about the System Info screen.If you click LAN Device on the System Info screen, the Connection Status screen appears. See Chapter 4 on page 85 for more information about the Connection Status screen.If you click Virtual Device on the System Info screen, a visual graphic appears, showing the connection status of the ZyXEL Device’s ports. The connected ports are in color and disconnected ports are gray.2.2.3 Navigation PanelUse the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure ZyXEL Device features. The following table describes each menu item.Table 2 Navigation Panel SummaryLINK TAB FUNCTIONConnection StatusThis screen shows the network status of the ZyXEL Device and computers/devices connected to it.Network SettingBroadband Broadband Use this screen to view, remove or add a WAN interface. You can also configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address assignment, DNS servers and other advanced properties.3G Backup Use this screen to configure the 3G WAN connection.Wireless General Use this screen to turn the wireless connection on or off, specify the SSID(s) and configure the wireless LAN settings and WLAN authentication/security settings.More AP Use this screen to configure multiple BSSs on theZyXEL Device.WPS Use this screen to use WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) to establish a wireless connection.WMM Use this screen to enable or disable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM).Scheduling Use this screen to configure when the ZyXEL Device enables or disables the wireless LAN.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web ConfiguratorP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide34HomeNetworking LAN Setup Use this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP settings, and other advanced properties.Static DHCP Use this screen to assign specific IP addresses to individual MAC addresses.UPnP Use this screen to enable the UPnP function.File Sharing Use this screen to enable file sharing via the ZyXEL Device.Printer Server Use this screen to enable or disable sharing of a USB printer via your ZyXEL Device.Routing Static Route Use this screen to view and set up static routes on theZyXEL Device.DNS Route DNS Route Use this screen to view and configure DNS routes.QoS General Use this screen to enable QoS and decide allowablebandwidth using QoS.Queue Setup Use this screen to configure QoS queue assignment.Class Setup Use this screen to set up classifiers to sort traffic into different flows and assign priority and define actions to be performed for a classified traffic flow.Monitor Use this screen to view each queue’s statistics.NAT Port ForwardingUse this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside world.Sessions Use this screen to limit the number of NAT sessions a single client can establish.DNS Dynamic DNS Use this screen to allow a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP address.SecurityFirewall General Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall. Services Use this screen to set the default action to take on network traffic going in specific directions. MAC Filter MAC Filter Use this screen to allow specific devices to access the ZyXEL Device.Certificates Local CertificatesUse this screen to generate and export self-signed certificates or certification requests and import the ZyXEL Device’s CA-signed certificates. Trusted CAs Use this screen to save CA certificates to the ZyXEL Device.VoIPSIP SIP Service ProviderUse this screen to configure your ZyXEL Device’sVoice over IP settings.SIP Account Use this screen to set up information about your SIP account and configure audio settings such as volume levels for the phones connected to the ZyXEL Device.Common Use this screen to configure RFC3262 support on theZyXEL Device.Table 2 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)LINK TAB FUNCTION
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web ConfiguratorP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 35Phone Phone Device Use this screen to set which phone ports use which SIP accounts.Region Use this screen to select your location.Call Rule Speed Dial Use this screen to configure speed dial for SIP phone numbers that you call often.FXO FXO Use this screen to set up the PSTN line you use to make regular phone calls.System MonitorLog Phone Log Use this screen to view the ZyXEL Device’s phonelogs.VoIP Call HistoryUse this screen to view the ZyXEL Device’s VoIP call history.Traffic Status WAN Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going through the WAN port of the ZyXEL Device.LAN Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going through the LAN ports of the ZyXEL Device.NAT Use this screen to view the status of NAT sessions on the ZyXEL Device. 3G Backup Use this screen to view the status of 3G Backup on the ZyXEL Device. VoIP Status VoIP Status Use this screen to view the SIP, phone, and call status of the ZyXEL Device.MaintenanceUsers Account Users Account Use this screen to configure the passwords your user accounts.RemoteMGMT Remote MGMT Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for network services.System System Use this screen to configure the ZyXEL Device’s name,domain name, management inactivity time-out.Time Setting Time Setting Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s time and date.Log Setting Log Setting Use this screen to select which logs and/or immediate alerts your device is to record. You can also set it to e-mail the logs to you.Firmware Upgrade FirmwareUpgradeUse this screen to upload firmware to your device.Backup/Restore Backup/RestoreUse this screen to backup and restore your device’sconfiguration (settings) or reset the factory default settings.Reboot Reboot Use this screen to reboot the ZyXEL Device without turning the power off.Diagnostic Ping Use this screen to test the connections to other devices. DSL Line Use this screen to identify problems with the DSL connection.Table 2 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)LINK TAB FUNCTION
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web ConfiguratorP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide36
P-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 37CHAPTER 3 Tutorials3.1 OverviewThis chapter contains the following tutorials:•Setting Up Your DSL Connection•How to Set up a Wireless Network•Setting Up NAT Port Forwarding•How to Make a VoIP Call•Using the File Sharing Feature•Using the Print Server Feature•Configuring the MAC Address Filter•Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network•Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup•Access the ZyXEL Device Using DDNS3.2 Setting Up Your DSL ConnectionThis tutorial shows you how to set up your Internet connection using the web configurator. If you connect to the Internet through a DSL connection, use the information from your Internet Service Provider (ISP) to configure the ZyXEL Device. Do thefollowing steps:1Connect the ZyXEL Device properly. Refer to the Quick Start Guide for details onthe ZyXEL Device’s hardware connection. 2Check the back panel of your device where the Ethernet ports are located and make sure the DSL/WAN switch is pointing up to DSL.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide383Connect one end of a DSL cable to the DSL port of your ZyXEL Device. The other end should be connected to the DSL port in your house or a DSL router/modem provided by your ISP.4Connect one end of Ethernet cable to an Ethernet port on the ZyXEL Device and the other end to a computer that you will use to access the web configurator.5Connect the ZyXEL Device to a power source, turn it on and wait for the POWERLED to become a steady green. Turn on the modem provided by your ISP as well as the computer.Account Configuration1Click Network Setting > Broadband to open the following screen. Click Add new WAN Interface.2For this example, the interface type is ADSL and the connection has the following information.GeneralName MyDSLConnectionType ADSLMode RoutingWAN ServiceType PPPoEATM PVC ConfigurationVPI/VCI 36/48EncapsulationMode LLC/SNAP-BridgingServiceCategory UBR without PCRPPP Information
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 39PPP User Name 1234@DSL-Ex.comPPP Password ABCDEF!PPPoE Service Name My DSLAuthenticationMethod AutoStatic IPAddress 192.168.1.32Others PPPoE Passthrough: DisabledNAT: EnabledIGMP Multicast Proxy: EnabledApply as Default Gateway: EnableDNS Server: Static DNS IP Address (Primary: 192.168.1.254 Secondary: 192.168.1.253)
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide40Enter or select these values and click Apply.This completes your DSL WAN connection setting.3You should see a summary of your new DSL connection setup in the Broadbandscreen as follows.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 41Try to connect to a website, such as “www. zyxel.com” to see if you have correctlyset up your Internet connection. Be sure to contact your service provider for anyinformation you need to configure the WAN screens.3.3 How to Set up a Wireless NetworkThis section gives you examples of how to set up an access point and wireless client for wireless communication using the following parameters. The wireless clients can access the Internet through the ZyXEL Device wirelessly.3.3.1 Example ParametersAn access point (AP) or wireless router is referred to as the “AP” and a computer with a wireless network card or USB adapter is referred to as the “wireless client” here.We use the P-2612HNU-Fx web screens and M-302 utility screens as an example. The screens may vary slightly for different models.3.3.2 Configuring the APFollow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your AP.SSID SSID_Example3802.11 mode 802.11b/gChannel autoSecurity WPA-PSK(Pre-Shared Key: ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey)
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide421Open the Network Setting > Wireless > General screen in the AP’s web configurator.Tutorial: Network > Wireless LAN > Ge neral2Make sure Enable Wireless LAN is selected.3Enter “SSID_Example3” as the SSID and select Auto in the Channel Selectionfield to have the device search for an available channel.4Select 802.11b/g in the Mode Select field.5Select More Secure as your security level and set security mode to WPA-PSKand enter “ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey” in the Pre-Shared Key field. ClickApply.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 436Click Connection Status > System Info.Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under Device Information and check if the WLAN connection is up under Interface Status.Tutorial: Network > Wireless LAN > Se curitOpen the Status screen. Verify your wireless and wirel ess security settings under Devi ce Information and check if the WLAN connection is up un der Interface StatusTutorial: StatusThis finishes the configuration of the AP.3.3.3 Configuring the Wireless ClientThis section describes how to connect the wireless client to a network.3.3.3.1 Connecting to a Wireless LANThe following sections show you how to join a wireless network using the ZyXELutility, as in the following diagram. The wireless client is labeled Cand the access point is labeled AP.Wireless LAN SetupThere are three ways to connect the client to an access point.• Configure nothing and leave the wireless client to automatically scan for and connect to any available network that has no wireless security configured.• Manually connect to a network.• Configure a profile to have the wireless client automatically connect to a specificnetwork or peer computer. CAP
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide44This example illustrates how to manually connect your wireless client to an accesspoint (AP) which is configured for WPA-PSK security and connected to the Internet. Before you connect to the access point, you must know its Service SetIDentity (SSID) and WPA-PSK pre-shared key. In this example, the SSID is“SSID_Example3” and the pre-shared key is “ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey”.After you install the ZyXEL utility and then insert the wireless client, follow the steps below to connect to a network using the Site Survey screen. 1Open the ZyXEL utility and click the Site Survey tab to open the screen shown next.Tutorial: Site Survey2The wireless client automatically searches for available wireless networks. Click Scan if you want to search again. If no entry displays in the Available Network List, that means there is no wireless network available within range. Make surethe AP or peer computer is turned on or move the wireless client closer to the AP or peer computer.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 453When you try to connect to an AP with security configured, a window will pop up prompting you to specify the security settings. Enter the pre-shared key and leave the encryption type at the default setting.Use the Next button to move on to the next screen. You can use the Back buttonat any time to return to the previous screen, or the Exit button to return to the Site Survey screen.Tutorial: Security Settings4The Confirm Save window appears. Check your settings and click Save to continue.Tutorial: Confirm Save
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide465The ZyXEL utility returns to the Link Info screen while it connects to the wirelessnetwork using your settings. When the wireless link is established, the ZyXEL utility icon in the system tray turns green and the Link Info screen displays details of the active connection. Check the network information in the Link Infoscreen to verify that you have successfully connected to the selected network. Ifthe wireless client is not connected to a network, the fields in this screen remainblank. Tutorial: Link Info6Open your Internet browser and enter http://www.zyxel.com or the URL of any other web site in the address bar. If you are able to access the web site, your wireless connection is successfully configured. If you cannot access the web site, try changing the encryption type in the Security Settings screen, check the Troubleshooting section of this User's Guide or contact your network administrator.3.3.3.2 Creating and Using a ProfileA profile lets you easily connect to the same wireless network again later. You can also configure different profiles for different networks, for example if you connect a notebook computer to wireless networks at home and at work. This example illustrates how to set up a profile and connect the wireless client to an AP configured for WPA-PSK security. In this example, the SSID is “SSID_Example3”, the profile name is “PN_Example3” and the pre-shared key is “ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey”. You have chosen the profile name “PN_Example3”.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 471Open the ZyXEL utility and click the Profile tab to open the screen shown next. Click Add to configure a new profile.Tutorial: Profile2The Add New Profile screen appears. The wireless client automatically searches for available wireless networks, and displays them in the Scan Info box. ClickScan if you want to search again. You can also configure your profile for a wireless network that is not in the list.Tutorial: Add New Profile3Give the profile a descriptive name (of up to 32 printable ASCII characters). SelectInfrastructure and either manually enter or select the AP's SSID in the ScanInfo table and click Select.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide484Choose the same encryption method as the AP to which you want to connect (In this example, WPA-PSK).Tutorial: Profile Security5This screen varies depending on the encryption method you selected in the previous screen. Enter the pre-shared key and leave the encryption type at the default setting.Tutorial: Profile Encryption6In the next screen, leave both boxes selected.Tutorial: Wireless Protocol Settings.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 497Verify the profile settings in the read-only screen. Click Save to save and go to the next screen. Tutorial: Confirm Save8Click Activate Now to use the new profile immediately. Otherwise, click the Activate Later button.If you clicked Activate Later, you can select the profile from the list in the Profilescreen and click Connect to activate it.Note: Only one profile can be activated and used at any given time.Tutorial: Activate9When you activate the new profile, the ZyXEL utility returns to the Link Infoscreen while it connects to the AP using your settings. When the wireless link isestablished, the ZyXEL utility icon in the system tray turns green and the Link Info screen displays details of the active connection. 10 Open your Internet browser, enter http://www.zyxel.com or the URL of any other web site in the address bar and press ENTER. If you are able to access the web site, your new profile is successfully configured.11 If you cannot access the Internet go back to the Profile screen, select the profile you are using and click Edit. Check the details you entered previously. Also, refer to the Troubleshooting section of this User's Guide or contact your network administrator if necessary.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide503.4 Setting Up NAT Port ForwardingIn this tutorial, you manage the Doom server on a computer behind the ZyXEL Device. In order for players on the Internet (like Ain the figure below) to communicate with the Doom server, you need to configure the port settings and IP address on the ZyXEL Device. Traffic should be forwarded to the port 666 of the Doom server computer which has an IP address of 192.168.1.34.Tutorial: NAT Port Forwarding SetupYou may set up the port settings by configuring the port settings for the Doom server computer (see Chapter 11 on page 200 for more information).1Click Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding. Click Add new rule.D=192.168.1.34 WANLANport 666A
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 512Enter the following values:3Click Apply.4The port forwarding settings you configured should appear in the table. Make sure the Status check box for this rule is selected. Click Apply to have the ZyXELDevice start forwarding port 666 traffic to the computer with IP address 192.168.1.34.Players on the Internet then can have access to your Doom server.Service Name Select User Defined.WAN Interface Select the WAN interface through which the Doom service is forwarded. This is the default interface for this example, which is MyDSLConnection.Start/End Ports 666Translation Start/End Ports666Server IP Address Enter the IP address of the Doom server. This is 192.168.1.34for this example.Protocol Select TCP/UDP. This should be the protocol supported by the Doom server.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide523.5 How to Make a VoIP CallYou can register a SIP account with the SIP server and make voice calls over the Internet to another VoIP device.The following parameters are used in this example:3.5.1 VoIP Calls With a Registered SIP AccountTo use a registered SIP account, you should configure the SIP service provider and applied for a SIP account.3.5.1.1 SIP Service Provider ConfigurationFollow the steps below to configure your SIP service provider.1Make sure your ZyXEL Device is connected to the Internet.2Open the web configurator.3Click VoIP > SIP to open the SIP Service Provider screen. Select Add New from the Service Provider Selection drop-down list box.SIP Service Provider Name ServiceProvider1SIP Account Number 12345678Username ChangeMePassword ThisIsMySIP
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 534Select the Enable check box of SIP Service Provider and enter the SIP Service Provider Name.5Go to the SIP Account screen, click the Edit icon of SIP 3.6Select the Active SIP Account check box, then enter the SIP Account Number, Username, and Password. Leave other settings as default.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide547Click Apply to save your settings.3.5.1.2 SIP Account RegistrationFollow the steps below to register and activate your SIP account.1Click Connection Status > System Info to check if your SIP account has beenregistered successfully. If the status is Not Registered, check your Internetconnection and click Register to register your SIP account.Tutorial: Registration Status3.5.1.3 Analog Phone Configuration1Click VoIP > Phone to open the Phone Device screen. Click the Edit icon next to Analog Phone 1 to configure the first phone port.2Select SIP 3 from the SIP Account in the SIP Account to Make Outgoing Callsection to have the phone (connected to the first phone port) use the registered SIP 3 account to make outgoing calls.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 553Select the SIP 3 check box in the SIP Account(s) to Receive Incoming Callsection to have the phone (connected to the first phone port) receive phone calls for the SIP 3 account.4Click Apply to save your changes.Tutorial: VoIP > Phone3.5.1.4 Making a VoIP Call 1Make sure you connect a telephone to the first phone port on the ZyXEL Device.2Make sure the ZyXEL Device is on and connected to the Internet.3Pick up the phone receiver.4Dial the VoIP phone number you want to call.3.6 Using the File Sharing FeatureIn this section you can:• Set up file sharing of your USB device from the ZyXEL Device• Access the shared files of your USB device from a computer3.6.1 Set Up File SharingTo set up file sharing you need to connect your USB device, enable file sharing and set up your share(s).
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide563.6.1.1 Activate File Sharing1Connect your USB device to one of the USB ports at the back panel of the ZyXEL Device. 2Click Network Setting > Home Networking > File Sharing. Select Enableand click Apply to activate the file sharing function. The ZyXEL Device automatically adds your USB device to the Share Directory List.3.6.1.2 Set up File Sharing on Your ZyXEL Device You also need to set up file sharing on your ZyXEL Device in order to share files.1Click Add new share in the File Sharing screen to configure a new share. Selectyour USB device from the Volume drop-down list box.2Click Browse to browse through all the files on your USB device. Select the folder that you want to add as a share. In this example, select Bob’s_Share. Click Apply.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 573You can add a description for the share or leave it blank. The Add Share Directory screen should look like the following.Click Apply to finish.Tutorial: USB Services > File Sharing > Share Configuration4This sets up the file sharing server. You can see the USB storage device listed in the table below.Tutorial: USB Services > File Sharing > Share Configuration (2)3.6.2 Access Your Shared Files From a Computer You can use Windows Explorer to access the file storage devices connected to the ZyXEL Device.Note: The examples in this User’s Guide show you how to use Microsoft’s Windows XP to browse your shared files. Refer to your operating system’sdocumentation for how to browse your file structure. Open Windows Explorer to access Bob’s Share using Windows Explorer browser.In Windows Explorer’s Address bar type a double backslash “\\” followed by the IP address of the ZyXEL Device (the default IP address of the ZyXEL Device is192.168.1.1) and press [ENTER]. The share folder Bob’s_Share is available.File Sharing via Windows Explore rOnce you access Bob’s_Share via your ZyXEL Device, you do not have to reloginunless you restart your computer.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide583.7 Using the Print Server FeatureIn this section you can:• Configure a TCP/IP Printer Port• Add a New Printer Using Windows• Add a New Printer Using Macintosh OS XConfigure a TCP/IP Printer PortThis example shows how you can configure a TCP/IP printer port. This example is done using the Windows 2000 Professional operating system. Some menu items may look different on your operating system. The TCP/IP port must be configuredwith the IP address of the ZyXEL Device and must use the RAW protocol to communicate with the printer. Consult your operating systems documentation for instructions on how to do this or follow the instructions below if you have aWindows 2000/XP operating system.1Click Start > Settings, then right click on Printers and select Open.Tutorial: Open Printers WindowThe Printers folder opens up. First you need to open up the properties windows for the printer you want to configure a TCP/IP port.2Locate your printer.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 593Right click on your printer and select Properties.Tutorial: Open Printer Properties4Select the Ports tab and click Add Port...Tutorial: Printer Properties Window
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide605A Printer Ports window appears. Select Standard TCP/IP Port and click NewPort...Tutorial: Add a Port Window6Add Standard TCP/IP Printer Port Wizard window opens up. Click Next to start configuring the printer port.Tutorial: Add a Port Wizard7Enter the IP address of the ZyXEL Device to which the printer is connected in the Printer Name or IP Address: field. In our example we use the default IP address of the ZyXEL Device, 192.168.1.1. The Port Name field updatesautomatically to reflect the IP address of the port. Click Next.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 61Note: The computer from which you are configuring the TCP/IP printer port must beon the same LAN in order to use the printer sharing function.Tutorial: Enter IP Address of the ZyXEL De vice8Select Custom under Device Type and click Settings.Tutorial: Custom Port Settings9Confirm the IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the IP Address field.10 Select Raw under Protocol.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide6211 The Port Number is automatically configured as 9100. Click OK. Tutorial: Custom Port Settings12 Continue through the wizard, apply your settings and close the wizard window.Tutorial: Finish Adding the TCP/IP Port13 Repeat steps 1 to 12 to add this printer to other computers on your network.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 63Add a New Printer Using WindowsThis example shows how to connect a printer to your ZyXEL Device using the Windows XP Professional operating system. Some menu items may look different on your operating system.1Click Start > Control Panel >Printers and Faxes to open the Printers and Faxes screen. Click Add a Printer. Tutorial: Printers Folder2The Add Printer Wizard screen displays. Click Next.Tutorial: Add Printer Wizard: Welcome
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide643Select Local printer attached to this computer and click Next.Tutorial: Add Printer Wizard: Local or Ne twork Printer4Select Create a new port and Standard TCP/IP Port. Click Next. Tutorial: Add Printer Wizard: Select the Printer Port
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 655Add Standard TCP/IP Printer Port Wizard window opens up. Click Next to start configuring the printer port.Tutorial: Add a Port Wizard6Enter the IP address of the ZyXEL Device to which the printer is connected in the Printer Name or IP Address: field. In our example we use the default IP address of the ZyXEL Device, 192.168.1.1. The Port Name field updatesautomatically to reflect the IP address of the port. Click Next.Note: The computer from which you are configuring the TCP/IP printer port must beon the same LAN in order to use the printer sharing function.Tutorial: Enter IP Address of the ZyXEL De vice
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide667Select Custom under Device Type and click Settings.Tutorial: Custom Port Settings8Confirm the IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the Printer Name or IP Addressfield.9Select Raw under Protocol.10 The Port Number is automatically configured as 9100. Click OK to go back to the previous screen and click Next. Tutorial: Custom Port Settings
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 6711 Click Finish to close the wizard window.Tutorial: Finish Adding the TCP/IP Port12 Select the make of the printer that you want to connect to the print server in the Manufacturer list of printers.13 Select the printer model from the list of Printers. 14 If your printer is not displayed in the list of Printers, you can insert the printer driver installation CD/disk or download the driver file to your computer, click Have Disk… and install the new printer driver. 15 Click Next to continue.Tutorial: Add Printer Wizard: Printer Driv er
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide6816 If the following screen displays, select Keep existing driver radio button and click Next if you already have a printer driver installed on your computer and you do not want to change it. Otherwise, select Replace existing driver to replace itwith the new driver you selected in the previous screen and click Next. Tutorial: Add Printer Wizard: Use Existin g Driver17 Type a name to identify the printer and then click Next to continue.Tutorial: Add Printer Wizard: Name Your Printer18 The ZyXEL Device is a print server itself and you do not need to have your computer act as a print server by sharing the printer with other users in the same
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 69network; just select Do not share this printer and click Next to proceed to the following screen.Tutorial: Add Printer Wizard: Printer Sharin g19 Select Yes and then click the Next button if you want to print a test page. A pop-up screen displays to ask if the test page printed correctly. Otherwise select Noand then click Next to continue.Tutorial: Add Printer Wizard: Print Test Page
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide7020 The following screen shows your current printer settings. Select Finish to complete adding a new printer.Tutorial: Add Printer Wizard CompleteAdd a New Printer Using Macintosh OS XComplete the following steps to set up a print server driver on your Macintosh computer.1Click the Print Center icon located in the Macintosh Dock (a place holding a series of icons/shortcuts at the bottom of the desktop). Proceed to step 6 tocontinue. If the Print Center icon is not in the Macintosh Dock, proceed to the next step.2On your desktop, double-click the Macintosh HD icon to open the Macintosh HDwindow.Tutorial: Macintosh HD3Double-click the Applications folder. Tutorial: Macintosh HD folder
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 714Double-click the Utilities folder.Tutorial: Applications Folder5Double-click the Print Center icon.Tutorial: Utilities Folder6Click the Add icon at the top of the screen.Tutorial: Printer List Folder7Set up your printer in the Printer List configuration screen. Select IP Printingfrom the drop-down list box.8In the Printer’s Address field, type the IP address of your ZyXEL Device.9Deselect the Use default queue on server check box.10 Type LP1 in the Queue Name field.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide7211 Select your Printer Model from the drop-down list box. If the printer's model is not listed, select Generic. Tutorial: Printer Configuration12 Click Add to select a printer model, save and close the Printer List configuration screen.Tutorial: Printer Model13 The name LP1 on 192.168.1.1 displays in the Printer List field. The default printer Name displays in bold type. Tutorial: Print ServerYour Macintosh print server driver setup is complete. You can now use the ZyXELDevice’s print server to print from a Macintosh computer.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 733.8 Configuring the MAC Address FilterThomas noticed that his daughter Josephine spends too much time surfing the web and downloading media files. He decided to prevent Josephine from accessing the Internet so that she can concentrate on preparing for her final exams.Josephine’s computer connects wirelessly to the Internet through the ZyXELDevice. Thomas decides to use the Security > MAC Filter screen to grant wireless network access to his computer but not to Josephine’s computer. 1Click Security > MAC Filter to open the MAC Filter screen. Select the Enablecheck box to activate MAC filter fuction.2Find the MAC address of Thomas’ computer in this screen. Select Allow. Click Apply.ThomasJosephine
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide74Thomas can also grant access to the computers of other members of his family and friends. However, Josephine and others not listed in this screen will no longer be able to access the Internet through the ZyXEL Device.3.9 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another NetworkIn order to extend your Intranet and control traffic flowing directions, you may connect a router to the ZyXEL Device’s LAN. The router may be used to separatetwo department networks. This tutorial shows how to configure a static routing rule for two network routings.In the following figure, router Ris connected to the ZyXEL Device’s LAN. Rconnects to two networks, N1 (192.168.1.x/24) and N2 (192.168.10.x/24). If you want to send traffic from computer A (in N1 network) to computer B (in N2network), the traffic is sent to the ZyXEL Device’s WAN default gateway by default. In this case, B will never receive the traffic.You need to specify a static routing rule on the ZyXEL Device to specify R as the router in charge of forwarding traffic to N2. In this case, the ZyXEL Device routes N2BN1AR
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 75traffic from A to R and then R routes the traffic to B.This tutorial uses the following example IP settings:To configure a static route to route traffic from N1 to N2:1Click Network Setting > Routing. Click Add New Static Route.2Configure the Static Route Setup screen using the following settings:• Select Active.• Specify a descriptive name for this routing rule.• Type 192.168.10.0 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0 for the destination, N2.Table 3 IP Settings in this TutorialDEVICE / COMPUTER IP ADDRESSThe ZyXEL Device’s WAN 172.16.1.1The ZyXEL Device’s LAN 192.168.1.1A192.168.1.34R’s N1 192.168.1.253R’s N2 192.168.10.2B192.168.10.33N2BN1AR
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide76• Type 192.168.1.253 (R’s N1 address) in the Gateway IP Address field.Click Apply. The Routing screen should display the route you just added.Now B should be able to receive traffic from A. You may need to additionally configure B’s firewall settings to allow specific traffic to pass through.3.10 Configuring QoS Queue and Class SetupThis section contains tutorials on how you can configure the QoS screen.Note: Voice traffic will not be affected by the user-defined QoS settings on the ZyXEL Device. It always gets the highest priority.Let’s say you are a team leader of a small sales branch office. You want to prioritize e-mail traffic because your task includes sending urgent updates to clients at least twice every hour. You also upload data files (such as logs and e-mail archives) to the FTP server throughout the day. Your colleagues use the Internet for research, as well as chat applications for communicating with other branch offices.In the following figure, your Internet connection has an upstream transmission bandwidth of 10,000 kbps. For this example, you want to configure QoS so that e-mail traffic gets the highest priority with at least 5,000 kbps. You can do the following:• Configure a queue to assign the highest priority queue (7) to e-mail traffic from the LAN interface, so that e-mail traffic would not get delayed when there is network congestion. • Note the IP address (192.168.1.23 for example) and/or MAC address (AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF for example) of your computer and map it to queue 7.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 77Note: QoS is applied to traffic flowing out of the ZyXEL Device.Traffic that does not match this class is assigned a priority queue based on the internal QoS mapping table on the ZyXEL Device.QoS Example1Click Network Setting > QoS > General and check Active. Set your WAN Managed Upstream Bandwidth to 10,000 kbps (or leave this blank to have the ZyXEL Device automatically determine this figure). Click Apply to save yoursettings.Tutorial: Advanced > QoS2Go to Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup. Click Add new Queue to createa new queue. In the screen that opens, check Active and enter or select the following values, then click Apply.•Name: Email•Priority: 7 (High)•Weight: 1510,000 kbpsDSLE-mail: Queue 7Your computerIP=192.168.1.23A colleague’s computerOther traffic: Automatic classifierand/orMAC=AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FFZyXEL Device
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide78•Rate Limit: 5,000 (kbps) Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Queue Setu p3Go to Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup. Click Add new Classifier to create a new class. Check Active and follow the settings as shown in the screen below. Then click Apply.Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Class Set upClass Name Give a class name to this traffic, such as Email in this example.To Queue Link this to a queue created in the QoS > Queue Setup screen, which is the Email queue created inthis example.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 79This maps e-mail traffic to queue 7 created in the previous screen (see the IP Protocol field). This also maps your computer’s IP address and MAC address to queue 7 (see the Source fields).4Verify that the queue setup works by checking Network Setting > QoS > Monitor. This shows the bandwidth allotted to e-mail traffic compared to other network traffic.Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Monitor3.11 Access the ZyXEL Device Using DDNSIf you connect your ZyXEL Device to the Internet and it uses a dynamic WAN IP address, it is inconvenient for you to manage the device from the Internet. The From Interface This is the interface from which the traffic will be coming from. Select Lan. Ether Type Select IP to identify the traffic source by its IP address or MAC address.MAC Address Type the MAC address of your computer - AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF. Type the MAC Mask if you know it.IP Address Type the IP address of your computer - 192.168.1.23. Type the IP Subnet Mask if you know it.
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide80ZyXEL Device’s WAN IP address changes dynamically. Dynamic DNS (DDNS) allows you to access the ZyXEL Device using a domain name. To use this feature, you have to apply for DDNS service at www.dyndns.org.This tutorial shows you how to:•Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org•Configuring DDNS on Your ZyXEL Device•Testing the DDNS SettingNote: If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use DDNS.3.11.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org1Open a browser and type http://www.dyndns.org.2Apply for a user account. This tutorial uses UserName1 and 12345 as the username and password.3Log into www.dyndns.org using your account.4Add a new DDNS host name. This tutorial uses the following settings as an example.• Hostname: zyxelrouter.dyndns.org• Service Type: Host with IP address• IP Address: Enter the WAN IP address that your ZyXEL Device is currently using. You can find the IP address on the ZyXEL Device’s web configurator Statuspage.Then you will need to configure the same account and host name on the ZyXEL Device later.w.x.y.z a.b.c.dhttp://zyxelrouter.dyndns.orgA
Chapter 3 TutorialsP-2612HNU-Fx User’s Guide 813.11.2 Configuring DDNS on Your ZyXEL DeviceConfigure the following settings in the Network Setting > DNS screen.• Select Active Dynamic DNS.• Select Dynamic DNS for the DDNS type.• Type zyxelrouter.dyndns.org in the Host Name field.• Enter the user name (UserName1) and password (12345).Click Apply.3.11.3 Testing the DDNS SettingNow you should be able to access the ZyXEL Device from the Internet. To testthis:1Open a web browser on the computer (using the IP address a.b.c.d) that is connected to the Internet.2Type http://zyxelrouter.dyndns.org and press [Enter].3The ZyXEL Device’s login page should appear. You can then log into the ZyXEL Device and manage it.
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P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 85CHAPTER 4 Connection Status and SystemInfo Screens4.1 OverviewAfter you log into the web configurator, the Connection Status screen appears. This shows the network connection status of the ZyXEL Device and clients connected to it.Use the System Info screen to look at the current status of the device, system resources, interfaces (LAN, WAN and WLAN), and SIP accounts. You can also register and unregister SIP accounts.4.2 The Connection Status ScreenUse this screen to view the network connection status of the device and its clients.A warning message appears if there is a connection problem.
Chapter 4 Connection Status and System Info ScreensP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide86If you prefer to view the status in a list, click List View in the Viewing modeselection box. You can configure how often you want the ZyXEL Device to updatethis screen in Refresh Interval.Figure 11 Connection Status: Icon View Figure 12 Connection Status: List ViewIn Icon View, if you want to view information about a client, click the client’sname and Info. Click the IP address if you want to change it. If you want tochange the name or icon of the client, click Change name/icon. In List View, you can also view the client’s information.
Chapter 4 Connection Status and System Info ScreensP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 874.3 The System Info ScreenClick Connection Status > System Info to open this screen. Figure 13 System Info Screen Each field is described in the following table.Table 4 System Info ScreenLABEL DESCRIPTIONLanguage Select the web configurator language from the drop-down list box.Refresh Interval Select how often you want the ZyXEL Device to update this screen from the drop-down list box.Device InformationHost Name This field displays the ZyXEL Device system name. It is used for identification. You can change this in the Maintenance > Systemscreen’s Host Name field.Model Name This is the model name of your device.MAC Address This is the MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address unique to your ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 4 Connection Status and System Info ScreensP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide88Firmware Version This field displays the current version of the firmware inside the device. It also shows the date the firmware version was created. Go to the Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade screen to change it.WAN InformationMode This is the method of encapsulation used by your ISP.IP Address This field displays the current IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the WAN.IP Subnet Mask This field displays the current subnet mask in the WAN.LAN InformationIP Address This field displays the current IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the LAN.IP Subnet Mask This field displays the current subnet mask in the LAN.DHCP Server This field displays what DHCP services the ZyXEL Device is providing to the LAN. Choices are:Server - The ZyXEL Device is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP addresses to other computers in the LAN.Relay - The ZyXEL Device acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays DHCP requests and responses between the remote server and theclients.None - The ZyXEL Device is not providing any DHCP services to the LAN.WLAN InformationChannel This is the channel number used by the ZyXEL Device now.WPS Status Configured displays when a wireless client has connected to the ZyXEL Device or WPS is enabled and wireless or wireless security settings havebeen configured. Unconfigured displays if WPS is disabled or wireless security settings have not been configured. SSID (1~4) InformationSSID This is the descriptive name used to identify the ZyXEL Device in the wireless LAN. Status This shows whether or not the SSID is enabled (on).SecurityMode This displays the type of security the ZyXEL Device is using in thewireless LAN.Interface StatusInterface This column displays each interface the ZyXEL Device has.LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 4 Connection Status and System Info ScreensP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 89Status This field indicates whether or not the ZyXEL Device is using the interface.For the DSL interface, this field displays Down (line is down), Up (lineis up or connected) if you're using Ethernet encapsulation and Down(line is down), Up (line is up or connected), Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE encapsulation.For the WAN interface, this field displays Up when the ZyXEL Device is using the interface and Down when the ZyXEL Device is not using the interface.For the LAN interface, this field displays Up when the ZyXEL Device is using the interface and Down when the ZyXEL Device is not using the interface.For the WLAN interface, it displays Active when WLAN is enabled or InActive when WLAN is disabled.Rate For the LAN interface, this displays the port speed and duplex setting.For the WAN interface, this displays the port speed and duplex setting.For the DSL interface, it displays the downstream and upstreamtransmission rate.For the WLAN interface, it displays the maximum transmission rate when WLAN is enabled or N/A when WLAN is disabled.System StatusSystem UpTime This field displays how long the ZyXEL Device has been running since itlast started up. The ZyXEL Device starts up when you plug it in, when you restart it (Maintenance > Reboot), or when you reset it (see Chapter 1 on page 28).Current Date/Time This field displays the current date and time in the ZyXEL Device. You can change this in Maintenance > Time Setting.System ResourceCPU Usage This field displays what percentage of the ZyXEL Device’s processingability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the ZyXEL Device is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have morethroughput, you should turn off other applications.Memory Usage This field displays what percentage of the ZyXEL Device’s memory is currently used. Usually, this percentage should not increase much. If memory usage does get close to 100%, the ZyXEL Device is probably becoming unstable, and you should restart the device. See Chapter 25 on page 281, or turn off the device (unplug the power) for a few seconds.Power Usage This field displays what percentage of traffic passing through the ZyXEL Device is using NAT.USB StatusType This shows the type of device connected to the ZyXEL Device.LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 4 Connection Status and System Info ScreensP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide90Status This shows whether the device is currently active (Up). This shows N/A if there are no device connected to the ZyXEL Device or the connected device is not working.Registration StatusAccount This column displays each SIP account in the ZyXEL Device.Action This field displays the current registration status of the SIP account. You have to register SIP accounts with a SIP server to use VoIP.If the SIP account is already registered with the SIP server,• Click Unregister to delete the SIP account’s registration in the SIP server. This does not cancel your SIP account, but it deletes the mapping between your SIP identity and your IP address or domain name.• The second field displays Registered.If the SIP account is not registered with the SIP server,• Click Register to have the ZyXEL Device attempt to register the SIP account with the SIP server.• The second field displays the reason the account is not registered.Inactive - The SIP account is not active. You can activate it in VoIP > SIP > SIP Settings.Register Fail - The last time the ZyXEL Device tried to register the SIP account with the SIP server, the attempt failed. The ZyXEL Device automatically tries to register the SIP account when you turn on the ZyXEL Device or when you activate it.Account Status This shows Active when the SIP account has been registered and ready for use or In-Active when the SIP account is not yet registered.URI This field displays the account number and service domain of the SIP account. You can change these in VoIP > SIP > SIP Settings.LABEL DESCRIPTION
P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 91CHAPTER 5 Broadband5.1 OverviewThis chapter discusses the ZyXEL Device’s Broadband screens. Use these screens to configure your ZyXEL Device for Internet access.A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It connects your private networks, such as a LAN (LocalArea Network) and other networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations.Figure 14 LAN and WAN3G (third generation) standards for the sending and receiving of voice, video, and data in a mobile environment.WANLAN
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide92You can attach a 3G wireless adapter to the USB port and set the ZyXEL Device touse this 3G connection as your WAN or a backup when the wired WAN connectionfails.Figure 15 3G WAN Connection5.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter• Use the Broadband screen to view, remove or add a WAN interface. You can also configure the WAN settings on the ZyXEL Device for Internet access(Section 5.2 on page 94).• Use the 3G Backup screen to configure 3G WAN connection (Section 5.3 on page 108). 5.1.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.Table 5 WAN Setup OverviewLAYER-2 INTERFACE INTERNET CONNECTIONINTERFACE DSL LINK TYPE MODE WAN SERVICE TYPE CONNECTION SETTINGSEthernet Routing PPPoE PPP user name and password, WAN IP address, DNS server and default gatewayIPoE WAN IP address, NAT, DNS server and default gatewayBridge N/A N/AATM EoA Routing PPPoE PPP user name and password, WAN IP address, DNS server and default gatewayIPoE WAN IP address, NAT, DNS server and default gatewayBridge N/A N/A
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 93Encapsulation MethodEncapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use thesame encapsulation method used by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). If yourISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet), they should also provide a username and password (and service name) for user authentication.WAN IP AddressThe WAN IP address is an IP address for the ZyXEL Device, which makes itaccessible from an outside network. It is used by the ZyXEL Device to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the ZyXEL Device tries to access the Internet.If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and DNS server IP address(es).ATMAsynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a LAN and WAN networking technology thatprovides high-speed data transfer. ATM uses fixed-size packets of information called cells. With ATM, a high QoS (Quality of Service) can be guaranteed. ATM uses a connection-oriented model and establishes a virtual circuit (VC) between two endpoints before the actual data exchange begins.3G 3G (Third Generation) is a digital, packet-switched wireless technology. Bandwidth usage is optimized as multiple users share the same channel and bandwidth is only allocated to users when they send data. It allows fast transfer of voice and non-voice data and provides broadband Internet access to mobile devices.Finding Out More• See Section 5.4 on page 110 for advanced technical information on WAN and 3G.• See Chapter 3 on page 37 for WAN tutorials.5.1.3 Before You BeginYou need to know your Internet access settings such as encapsulation and WAN IP address. Get this information from your ISP.
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide945.2 The Broadband ScreenThe ZyXEL Device must have a WAN interface to allow users to use the EthernetWAN port or DSL port to access the Internet. Use the Broadband screen to view, remove or add a WAN interface.Note: The ATM and Ethernet layer-2 interfaces cannot work at the same time.Click Network Setting > Broadband. The following screen opens.Figure 16 Network Setting > BroadbandThe following table describes the fields in this screen.Table 6 Network Setting > BroadbandLABEL DESCRIPTIONSwitch WAN ModeType The default WAN mode is ADSL. If you prefer not to use a DSL line and you have another broadband modem or router (such as ADSL) available, you can select EtherWAN from the drop-down list box and click Switch WAN Interface. The ZyXEL Device will use Ethernet WAN as the WAN mode.Add new WAN InterfaceClick this to create a new WAN interface.Internet Setup# This is the index number of the connection.Name This is the service name of the connection.Type This shows the type of interface used by this connection.Mode This shows whether the connection is in routing mode or bridge mode.Encapsulation This shows the method of encapsulation used by this connection. VPI This is the Virtual Path Identifier (VPI). VCI This is the Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI).
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 955.2.1 Add/Edit Internet ConnectionUse this screen to configure a WAN connection. The screen varies depending on the encapsulation and WAN service type you select. Vlan8021p This indicates the 802.1P priority level assigned to traffic sent through this connection. This displays N/A when there is no priority level assigned.VlanMuxId This indicates the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection. This displays N/A when there is no VLAN ID numberassigned.ATM QoS This shows the ATM Quality of Service (QoS) type configured for this connection. This displays N/A when there is no ATM QoS assigned.IGMP Proxy This shows whether IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is activated or not for this connection. IGMP is not available when the connection uses the bridging service.NAT This shows whether NAT is activated or not for this connection. NAT is not available when the connection uses the bridging service.Default Gateway This shows whether the ZyXEL Device uses the interface of this connection as the system default gateway.Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the connection.Click the Delete icon to delete this connection from the ZyXEL Device. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the connection.Table 6 Network Setting > Broadband (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide965.2.1.1 Routing- PPPoEClick the Add new WAN Interface in the Network Setting > Broadbandscreen or the Edit icon next to the connection you want to configure. SelectRouting as the encapsulation mode and PPPoE as the WAN service type.Figure 17 Broadband Add/Edit: Routing- PPPoE
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 97The following table describes the fields in this screen.Table 7 Broadband Add/Edit: Routing- PPPoELabel DESCRIPTIONGeneralName Enter a service name of the connection.Type Select an interface for which you want to configure here.ADSL: The ZyXEL Device uses the ADSL technology for data transmission over the DSL port.EtherWAN: The ZyXEL Device transmits data over the Ethernet WAN port. Select this if you have a DSL router or modem in your network already.Mode Select Routing (default) from the drop-down list box if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to share an Internet account. WAN ServiceTypeThis field is available only when you select Routing in the Mode field.Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP.•PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) - PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet) provides access control and billing functionality in a manner similar to dial-up services using PPP. Select this if you have a username and password for Internet access.•IP over Ethernet - In this type of Internet connection, IP packets are routed between the Ethernet interface and the WAN interfaceand then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment.ATM PVCConfigurationVPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) define a virtual circuit. This section is available only when you select ADSL in the Type field to configure an ATM layer-2 interface.VPI The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.VCI The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.DSL Link Type The DSL link type is set to EoA (Ethernet over ATM) to have an Ethernet header in the packet, so that you can have multiple services/connections over one PVC. You can set each connection to have its own MAC address or all connections share one MAC address but use different VLAN IDs for different services. EoA supports IPoE, PPPoEand RFC1483/2684 bridging encapsulation methods.Encapsulation ModeThe encapsulation method of multiplexing used by your is LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING. In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by identifying the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header.
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide98Service Category Select UBR Without PCR for applications that are non-time sensitive,such as e-mail. Select CBR (Constant Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidthfor voice or data traffic. Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation.Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applicationswith bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay variation.Peak Cell Rate Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate (PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.This field is not available when you select UBR Without PCR.Sustainable Cell Rate The Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0 cells/sec. This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR.Maximum Burst Size Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than65535.This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR.VLAN This section is available only when you select EtherWAN in the Typefield.Enable VLAN Select this to add the VLAN tag (specified below) to the outgoing traffic through this connection.Enter 802.1PPriorityIEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that contains bits to define class of service. Type the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The greater the number, the higher the priority level.Enter 802.1QVLAN IDType the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through thisconnection.PPP Information This section is available only when you select Routing in the Mode field and PPPoE in the WAN Service Type field.PPP User Name Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form user@domain where domain identifies a service name,then enter both components exactly as given.PPP Password Enter the password associated with the user name above.PPPoE Service NameType the name of your PPPoE service here.Table 7 Broadband Add/Edit: Routing- PPPoE (continued)Label DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 99Authentication ModeThe ZyXEL Device supports PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) and CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol). CHAP is more secure than PAP; however, PAP is readily available on more platforms.Use the drop-down list box to select an authentication protocol for outgoing calls. Options are:AUTO: Your ZyXEL Device accepts either CHAP or PAP when requested by this remote node.CHAP: Your ZyXEL Device accepts CHAP only.PAP: Your ZyXEL Device accepts PAP only. MSCHAP: Your ZyXEL Device accepts MSCHAP only. MS-CHAP is theMicrosoft version of the CHAP.Use Static IP AddressA static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IPaddress is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Select this if you want to get a dynamic IPaddress from the ISP.IP Address Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP.PPPoE PassthroughIn addition to the ZyXEL Device’s built-in PPPoE client, you can enable PPPoE pass through to allow up to ten hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP via the ZyXEL Device. Each host can have a separate account and a public WAN IP address.PPPoE pass through is an alternative to NAT for application where NAT is not appropriate.Disable PPPoE pass through if you do not need to allow hosts on theLAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP.Routing FeatureNAT Enable Select this option to activate NAT on this connection.IGMP Proxy EnableInternet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.Select this option to have the ZyXEL Device act as an IGMP proxy on this connection. This allows the ZyXEL Device to get subscribing information and maintain a joined member list for each multicast group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly.Apply as Default GatewaySelect this option to have the ZyXEL Device use the WAN interface of this connection as the system default gateway.DNS Server The section is not available when you select Bridge in the WAN Service Type field.Obtain DNS info AutomaticallySelect this to have the ZyXEL Device get the DNS server addresses from the ISP automatically.Use the following Static DNS IP AddressSelect this to have the ZyXEL Device use the DNS server addresses you configure manually.Table 7 Broadband Add/Edit: Routing- PPPoE (continued)Label DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1005.2.1.2 Routing- IPoEClick the Add new WAN Interface in the Network Setting > Broadbandscreen or the Edit icon next to the connection you want to configure. SelectRouting as the encapsulation mode and IPoE as the WAN service type.Primary DNS Server Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.SecondaryDNS Server Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.Table 7 Broadband Add/Edit: Routing- PPPoE (continued)Label DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 101Broadband Add/Edit: Routing- IPoE The following table describes the fields in this screen.Table 8 Broadband Add/Edit: Routing- IPoELabel DESCRIPTIONGeneralName Enter a service name of the connection.
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide102Type Select an interface for which you want to configure here.ADSL: The ZyXEL Device uses the ADSL technology for data transmission over the DSL port.EtherWAN: The ZyXEL Device transmits data over the Ethernet WAN port. Select this if you have a DSL router or modem in your network already.Mode Select Routing (default) from the drop-down list box if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to share an Internet account. WAN ServiceTypeThis field is available only when you select Routing in the Mode field.Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP.•PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) - PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet) provides access control and billing functionality in a manner similar to dial-up services using PPP. Select this if you have a username and password for Internet access.•IP over Ethernet - In this type of Internet connection, IP packets are routed between the Ethernet interface and the WAN interfaceand then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment.ATM PVCConfigurationVPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) define a virtual circuit. This section is available only when you select ADSL in the Type field to configure an ATM layer-2 interface.VPI The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.VCI The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.DSL Link Type The DSL link type is set to EoA (Ethernet over ATM) to have an Ethernet header in the packet, so that you can have multiple services/connections over one PVC. You can set each connection to have its own MAC address or all connections share one MAC address but use different VLAN IDs for different services. EoA supports IPoE, PPPoEand RFC1483/2684 bridging encapsulation methods.Encapsulation ModeThe encapsulation method of multiplexing used by your is LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING. In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by identifying the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. Service Category Select UBR Without PCR for applications that are non-time sensitive,such as e-mail. Select CBR (Constant Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidthfor voice or data traffic. Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation.Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applicationswith bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay variation.Table 8 Broadband Add/Edit: Routing- IPoE (continued)Label DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 103Peak Cell Rate Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate (PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.This field is not available when you select UBR Without PCR.Sustainable Cell Rate The Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0 cells/sec. This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR.Maximum Burst Size Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than65535.This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR.VLAN This section is available only when you select EtherWAN in the Typefield.Enable VLAN Select this to add the VLAN tag (specified below) to the outgoing traffic through this connection.Enter 802.1PPriorityIEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that contains bits to define class of service. Type the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The greater the number, the higher the priority level.Enter 802.1QVLAN IDType the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through thisconnection.IP Address This section is available only when you select Routing in the Mode field and IPoE in the WAN Service Type field.Obtain an IPAddress AutomaticallyA static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IPaddress is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Select this if you want to get a dynamic IPaddress from the ISP.Enable DHCPOption 60Select this to identify the vendor and functionality of the ZyXEL Device in DHCP requests that the ZyXEL Device sends to a DHCP server when getting a WAN IP address.Vendor Class Identifier Enter the Vendor Class Identifier (Option 60), such as the type of the hardware or firmware.Static IP Address Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. IP Address Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP.Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask provided by your ISP.Gateway IPAddressEnter the gateway IP address provided by your ISP.Routing FeatureNAT Enable Select this option to activate NAT on this connection.Table 8 Broadband Add/Edit: Routing- IPoE (continued)Label DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1045.2.1.3 Bridge ModeClick the Add new WAN Interface in the Network Setting > Broadbandscreen or the Edit icon next to the connection you want to configure. SelectBridge as the encapsulation mode. The screen differs according to the interface IGMP Proxy EnableInternet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.Select this option to have the ZyXEL Device act as an IGMP proxy on this connection. This allows the ZyXEL Device to get subscribing information and maintain a joined member list for each multicast group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly.Apply as Default GatewaySelect this option to have the ZyXEL Device use the WAN interface of this connection as the system default gateway.DNS Server This is available only when you select Apply as Default Gateway in the Routing Feature field.Obtain DNS info AutomaticallySelect this to have the ZyXEL Device get the DNS server addresses from the ISP automatically.Use the following Static DNS IP AddressSelect this to have the ZyXEL Device use the DNS server addresses you configure manually.Primary DNS Server Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.SecondaryDNS Server Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.Table 8 Broadband Add/Edit: Routing- IPoE (continued)Label DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 105type you select. If you select ADSL as the interface type, the following screen appears.Figure 18 Broadband Add/Edit: Bridge (ADSL)The following table describes the fields in this screen.Table 9 Broadband Add/Edit: Bridge (ADSL)Label DESCRIPTIONGeneralName Enter a service name of the connection.Type Select ADSL as the interface for which you want to configure here.The ZyXEL Device uses the ADSL technology for data transmission over the DSL port.Mode Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you select Bridge, you cannot use routing functions, such as QoS, Firewall, DHCP server and NAT on traffic from the selected LAN port(s).
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide106Bridge Group Select the LAN/WLAN port(s) from which traffic will be forwarded to the WAN interface directly. Select a port from the Available LAN/WLAN Port(s) list and click Add >> to add it to the Bridged LAN/WLAN Port(s) list. If you want to remove a port from the Bridged LAN/WLAN Port(s)list, select it and click Remove <<.You cannot configure a QoS class for traffic from the LAN port which is selected here.ATM PVCConfigurationVPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) define a virtual circuit. This section is available only when you select ADSL in the Type field to configure an ATM layer-2 interface.VPI The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.VCI The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.DSL Link Type The DSL link type is set to EoA (Ethernet over ATM) to have an Ethernet header in the packet, so that you can have multiple services/connections over one PVC. You can set each connection to have its own MAC address or all connections share one MAC address but use different VLAN IDs for different services. EoA supports IPoE, PPPoEand RFC1483/2684 bridging encapsulation methods.Encapsulation ModeThe encapsulation method of multiplexing used by your is LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING. In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by identifying the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. Service Category Select UBR Without PCR for applications that are non-time sensitive,such as e-mail. Select CBR (Constant Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidthfor voice or data traffic. Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation.Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applicationswith bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay variation.Peak Cell Rate Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate (PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.This field is not available when you select UBR Without PCR.Sustainable Cell Rate The Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0 cells/sec. This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR.Table 9 Broadband Add/Edit: Bridge (ADSL) (continued)Label DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 107If you select EtherWAN as the interface type, the following screen appears.Figure 19 Broadband Add/Edit: Bridge (Ethernet)The following table describes the fields in this screen.Maximum Burst Size Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than65535.This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.Table 10 Broadband Add/Edit: Bridge (Ethernet)Label DESCRIPTIONGeneralName Enter a service name of the connection.Type Select EtherWAN as the interface for which you want to configure The ZyXEL Device transmits data over the Ethernet WAN port. Select this if you have a DSL router or modem in your network already.Mode Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you select Bridge, you cannot use routing functions, such as QoS, Firewall, DHCP server and NAT on traffic from the selected LAN port(s).VLAN This section is available only when you select EtherWAN in the Typefield.Table 9 Broadband Add/Edit: Bridge (ADSL) (continued)Label DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1085.3 The 3G Backup ScreenUse this screen to configure your 3G settings. Click Broadband > 3G Backup.At the time of writing, the 3G card you can use in the ZyXEL Device is HuaweiE220.Note: The actual data rate you obtain varies depending the 3G card you use, the signal strength to the service provider’s base station, and so on.Enable VLAN Select this to add the VLAN Tag (specified below) to the outgoing traffic through this connection.Enter 802.1PPriorityIEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that contains bits to define class of service. Type the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The greater the number, the higher the priority level.Enter 802.1QVLAN IDType the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through thisconnection.Bridge Group Select the LAN/WLAN port(s) from which traffic will be forwarded to the WAN interface directly. Select a port from the Available LAN/WLAN Port(s) list and click Add >> to add it to the Bridged LAN/WLAN Port(s) list. If you want to remove a port from the Bridged LAN/WLAN Port(s)list, select it and click Remove <<.You cannot configure a QoS class for traffic from the LAN port which is selected here.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.Table 10 Broadband Add/Edit: Bridge (Ethernet) (continued)Label DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 109If the signal strength of a 3G network is too low, the 3G card may switch to an available 2.5G or 2.75G network. Refer to Section 5.4 on page 110 for a comparison between 2G, 2.5G, 2.75G and 3G wireless technologies.Figure 20 Broadband > 3G Backup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 11 Broadband > 3G BackupLABEL DESCRIPTION3G Backup Select Enable 3G Backup to have the ZyXEL Device use the 3G connection as your WAN or a backup when the wired WAN connectionfails.Card Description This field displays the manufacturer and model name of your 3G card if you inserted one in the ZyXEL Device. Otherwise, it displays N/A.Username Type the user name (of up to 70 ASCII printable characters) given to you by your service provider.Password Type the password (of up to 70 ASCII printable characters) associated with the user name above.PIN A PIN (Personal Identification Number) code is a key to a 3G card. Without the PIN code, you cannot use the 3G card.If your ISP enabled PIN code authentication, enter the 4-digit PIN code (0000 for example) provided by your ISP. If you enter the PIN code incorrectly, the 3G card may be blocked by your ISP and you cannot use the account to access the Internet.If your ISP disabled PIN code authentication, leave this field blank.
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1105.4 Technical ReferenceThe following section contains additional technical information about the ZyXEL Device features described in this chapter.Dial String Enter the phone number (dial string) used to dial up a connection to your service provider’s base station. Your ISP should provide the phone number.For example, *99# is the dial string to establish a GPRS or 3Gconnection in Taiwan.APN Code Enter the APN (Access Point Name) provided by your service provider. Connections with different APNs may provide different services (such as Internet access or MMS (Multi-Media Messaging Service)) and charge method.You can enter up to 31 ASCII printable characters. Spaces are allowed. Connection Select Nailed-UP if you do not want the connection to time out.Select On-Demand if you do not want the connection up all the timeand specify an idle time-out in the Max Idle Timeout field.Max Idle Timeout This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the ZyXEL Device automatically disconnects from the ISP.Obtain an IPAddress AutomaticallySelect this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. Use the following static IP addressSelect this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use the following static IP address. Obtain DNS info dynamically Select this to have the ZyXEL Device get the DNS server addresses from the ISP automatically. Use the following static DNS IP addressSelect this to have the ZyXEL Device use the DNS server addresses you configure manually.Primary DNS server Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.SecondaryDNS server Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.Table 11 Broadband > 3G Backup (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 111EncapsulationBe sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The ZyXEL Devicecan work in bridge mode or routing mode. When the ZyXEL Device is in routing mode, it supports the following methods.IP over Ethernet IP over Ethernet (IPoE) is an alternative to PPPoE. IP packets are being delivered across an Ethernet network, without using PPP encapsulation. They are routed between the Ethernet interface and the WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment. For instance, it encapsulatesrouted Ethernet frames into bridged Ethernet cells.PPP over EthernetPoint-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) provides access control and billing functionality in a manner similar to dial-up services using PPP. PPPoE is an IETFstandard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection.For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method thatworks with existing access control systems (for example RADIUS).One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for individuals.Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, asit requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.By implementing PPPoE directly on the ZyXEL Device (rather than individualcomputers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed,since the ZyXEL Device does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access.RFC 1483RFC 1483 describes two methods for Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). The first method allows multiplexing of multipleprotocols over a single ATM virtual circuit (LLC-based multiplexing) and the second method assumes that each protocol is carried over a separate ATM virtual circuit(VC-based multiplexing). Please refer to RFC 1483 for more detailed information.
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide112MultiplexingThere are two conventions to identify what protocols the virtual circuit (VC) is carrying. Be sure to use the multiplexing method required by your ISP.VC-based MultiplexingIn this case, by prior mutual agreement, each protocol is assigned to a specific virtual circuit; for example, VC1 carries IP, etc. VC-based multiplexing may be dominant in environments where dynamic creation of large numbers of ATM VCs is fast and economical.LLC-based MultiplexingIn this case one VC carries multiple protocols with protocol identifying information being contained in each packet header. Despite the extra bandwidth and processing overhead, this method may be advantageous if it is not practical to have a separate VC for each carried protocol, for example, if charging heavily depends on the number of simultaneous VCs.Traffic ShapingTraffic Shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate the average rate and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network. This agreement helps eliminate congestion, which is important for transmission of realtime data such as audio and video connections.Peak Cell Rate (PCR) is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Thisparameter may be lower (but not higher) than the maximum line speed. 1 ATM cell is 53 bytes (424 bits), so a maximum speed of 832Kbps gives a maximum PCR of 1962 cells/sec. This rate is not guaranteed because it is dependent on the line speed.Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) is the mean cell rate of each bursty traffic source. It specifies the maximum average rate at which cells can be sent over the virtual connection. SCR may not be greater than the PCR.Maximum Burst Size (MBS) is the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the PCR. After MBS is reached, cell rates fall below SCR until cell rate averages tothe SCR again. At this time, more cells (up to the MBS) can be sent at the PCR again.If the PCR, SCR or MBS is set to the default of "0", the system will assign a maximum value that correlates to your upstream line rate.
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 113The following figure illustrates the relationship between PCR, SCR and MBS.Figure 21 Example of Traffic ShapingATM Traffic ClassesThese are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic Management 4.0 Specification.Constant Bit Rate (CBR)Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even ifno data is being sent. CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't toleratedelay). CBR is used for connections that continuously require a specific amount of bandwidth. A PCR is specified and if traffic exceeds this rate, cells may be dropped. Examples of connections that need CBR would be high-resolution video and voice.Variable Bit Rate (VBR) The Variable Bit Rate (VBR) ATM traffic class is used with bursty connections. Connections that use the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic class can be grouped into real time (VBR-RT) or non-real time (VBR-nRT) connections.The VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections thatrequire closely controlled delay and delay variation. It also provides a fixed amount of bandwidth (a PCR is specified) but is only available when data is being sent. An example of an VBR-RT connection would be video conferencing. Video conferencing requires real-time data transfers and the bandwidth requirement varies in proportion to the video image's changing dynamics. The VBR-nRT (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with burstyconnections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It is commonly used for "bursty" traffic typical on LANs. PCR and MBS define the burst levels, SCR defines the minimum level. An example of an VBR-nRT connection would be non-time sensitive data file transfers.
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide114Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)The Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) ATM traffic class is for bursty data transfers.However, UBR doesn't guarantee any bandwidth and only delivers traffic when the network has spare bandwidth. An example application is background file transfer.IP Address AssignmentA static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time. The Single User Account feature can be enabled or disabled if you have either a dynamic or static IP. However theencapsulation method assigned influences your choices for IP address and defaultgateway.Introduction to VLANs A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) allows a physical network to be partitionedinto multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directlytalk to or hear from devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.In Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents onesubscriber from accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN,thus a user will not see the printers and hard disks of another user in the same building. VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, allbroadcasts are confined to a specific broadcast domain.Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier), residing within the type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information), starts after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 115The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remainingtwelve bits define the VLAN ID, giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN configurations are 4,094.MulticastIP packets are transmitted in either one of two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1. Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routersgroup.At start up, the ZyXEL Device queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the ZyXEL Device periodically updates this information.DNS Server Address AssignmentUse Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it.The ZyXEL Device can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.TPID2 BytesUser Priority3 BitsCFI1 BitVLAN ID12 Bits
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1161The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields.2If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the ZyXEL Device’s WAN IP address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP.
Chapter 5 BroadbandP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1173G Comparison TableSee the following table for a comparison between 2G, 2.5G, 2.75G and 3G wireless technologies.Table 12 2G, 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G and 3.5G Wireless TechnologiesNAME TYPEMOBILE PHONE AND DATA STANDARDS DATASPEEDGSM-BASED CDMA-BASED2G Circuit-switchedGSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), Personal Handy-phone System (PHS), etc.Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), the first CDMA-based digital cellular standard pioneered by Qualcomm. The brand name for IS-95 is cdmaOne. IS-95 is also known as TIA-EIA-95.SlowFast2.5G Packet-switchedGPRS (General Packet Radio Services), High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD), etc.CDMA2000 is a hybrid 2.5G / 3G protocol of mobile telecommunications standards that use CDMA, a multiple access scheme for digital radio. CDMA2000 1xRTT (1 times Radio Transmission Technology) is the core CDMA2000 wireless air interface standard. It is also known as 1x, 1xRTT, or IS-2000 and considered to be a 2.5G or 2.75G technology. 2.75G Packet-switchedEnhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), etc.3G Packet-switchedUMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), a third-generation (3G) wirelessstandard defined in ITUAspecification, is sometimes marketed as 3GSM. The UMTS uses GSM infrastructures and W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) as the air interface.CDMA2000 EV-DO (Evolution-Data Optimized, originally 1x Evolution-Data Only), also referred to as EV-DO, EVDO, or just EV, is an evolution of CDMA2000 1xRTT and enables high-speed wireless connectivity. It is also denoted as IS-856 or High Data Rate (HDR).3.5G Packet-switchedHSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access) is a mobile telephony protocol, used for UMTS-based 3G networks and allows for higher data transferspeeds. A. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is an international organization within which governments and the private sectorcoordinate global telecom networks and services.
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P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 119CHAPTER 6 Wireless6.1 Overview This chapter describes the ZyXEL Device’s Network Setting > Wireless screens.Use these screens to set up your ZyXEL Device’s wireless connection.6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter• Use the General screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode (Section 6.2 on page 121).• Use the More AP screen to set up multiple wireless networks on your ZyXEL Device (Section 6.3 on page 129).• Use the WPS screen to enable or disable WPS, view or generate a security PIN (Personal Identification Number) (Section 6.4 on page 131).• Use the WMM screen to enable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM) to ensure quality of service in wireless networks for multimedia applications (Section 6.5 on page 133).• Use the Scheduling screen to schedule a time period for the wireless LAN tooperate each day (Section 6.6 on page 135).You don’t necessarily need to use all these screens to set up your wireless connection. For example, you may just want to set up a network name, a wireless radio channel and some security in the General screen.6.1.2 Wireless Network OverviewWireless networks consist of wireless clients, access points and bridges.• A wireless client is a radio connected to a user’s computer. • An access point is a radio with a wired connection to a network, which can connect with numerous wireless clients and let them access the network. • A bridge is a radio that relays communications between access points and wireless clients, extending a network’s range. Traditionally, a wireless network operates in one of two ways.
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide120• An “infrastructure” type of network has one or more access points and one or more wireless clients. The wireless clients connect to the access points.• An “ad-hoc” type of network is one in which there is no access point. Wireless clients connect to one another in order to exchange information.The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.Figure 22 Example of a Wireless NetworkThe wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B use the access point (AP) to interact with the other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your ZyXEL Device is the AP.Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.• Every device in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentifier.• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use a different channel.Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specificchannel, or frequency, to send and receive information.• Every device in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP.• Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can alsoprotect the information that is sent in the wireless network.
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 121Radio ChannelsIn the radio spectrum, there are certain frequency bands allocated for unlicensed,civilian use. For the purposes of wireless networking, these bands are divided into numerous channels. This allows a variety of networks to exist in the same place without interfering with one another. When you create a network, you must selecta channel to use. Since the available unlicensed spectrum varies from one country to another, thenumber of available channels also varies. 6.1.3 Before You BeginBefore you start using these screens, ask yourself the following questions. See Section 6.7 on page 135 if some of the terms used here do not make sense to you.• What wireless standards do the other wireless devices support (IEEE 802.11g,for example)? What is the most appropriate standard to use?• What security options do the other wireless devices support (WPA-PSK, for example)? What is the best one to use?• Do the other wireless devices support WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup)? If so, you can set up a well-secured network very easily. Even if some of your devices support WPS and some do not, you can use WPS to set up your network and then add the non-WPS devices manually, although thisis somewhat more complicated to do.• What advanced options do you want to configure, if any? If you want to configure advanced options, ensure that you know precisely what you want to do. If you do not want to configure advanced options, leave them alone.6.2 The Wireless General Screen Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode.Note: If you are configuring the ZyXEL Device from a computer connected to thewireless LAN and you change the ZyXEL Device’s SSID or security settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the ZyXEL Device’s new settings.
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide122Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen.Figure 23 Network Setting > Wireless > General The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 13 Network > Wireless LAN > GeneralLABEL DESCRIPTIONWireless Network SetupWireless Select the Enable Wireless LAN check box to activate the wireless LAN.Wireless Network SettingsWireless Network Name (SSID)The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID.Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN. Hide SSID Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.BSSID This shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the ZyXEL Device when wireless LAN is enabled.
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1236.2.1 No SecuritySelect No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the accesspoints without any data encryption or authentication.Mode Select This makes sure that only compliant WLAN devices can associate with theZyXEL Device.Select 802.11b/g/n to allow IEEE802.11b, IEEE802.11g andIEEE802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device.The transmission rate of your ZyXEL Device might be reduced.Select 802.11b/g to allow both IEEE802.11b and IEEE802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device. The transmission rate of your ZyXEL Device might be reduced.Select 802.11g Only to allow only IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device. Select 802.11n only in 2.4G band to allow only IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices with the same frequency range (2.4 GHz) to associate with the ZyXEL Device.Channel SelectionSet the channel depending on your particular region.Select a channel or use Auto to have the ZyXEL Device automatically determine a channel to use. If you are having problems with wireless interference, changing the channel may help. Try to use a channel that is as many channels away from any channels used by neighboring APs as possible. The channel number which the ZyXEL Device is currently using then displays in the Operating Channel field.Scan Click this button to have the ZyXEL Device immediately scan for and select a channel (which is not used by another device) whenever the device reboots or the wireless setting is changed.Operating ChannelThis is the channel currently being used by your AP.Security LevelSecurityModeSelect Basic or More Secure to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as the ZyXEL Device. When you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen. Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without any data encryption or authentication.See the following sections for more details about wireless security modes.Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.Table 13 Network > Wireless LAN > General (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide124Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your ZyXEL Device, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.Figure 24 Wireless > General: No SecurityThe following table describes the labels in this screen.6.2.2 Basic (Static WEP/Shared WEP Encryption)WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points (AP) to keep network communications private. Both the wireless stations and the access points must use the same WEP key.There are two types of WEP authentication namely, Open System (Static WEP) and Shared Key (Shared WEP).Open system is implemented for ease-of-use and when security is not an issue. The wireless station and the AP or peer computer do not share a secret key. Thus the wireless stations can associate with any AP or peer computer and listen to anytransmitted data that is not encrypted.Shared key mode involves a shared secret key to authenticate the wireless station to the AP or peer computer. This requires you to enable the wireless LAN security and use same settings on both the wireless station and the AP or peer computer. Table 14 Wireless > General: No SecurityLABEL DESCRIPTIONSecurityLevelChoose No Security from the sliding bar.
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 125In order to configure and enable WEP encryption, click Network Settings > Wireless to display the General screen. Select Basic as the security level. Then select Static WEP or Shared WEP from the Security Mode list.Figure 25 Wireless > General: Basic (Static WEP/Shared WEP) The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 15 Wireless > General: Basic (Static WEP/Shared WEP)LABEL DESCRIPTIONSecurityModeChoose Static WEP or Shared WEP from the drop-down list box.• Select Static WEP to have the ZyXEL Device allow association with wireless clients that use Open System mode. Data transfer is encrypted as long as the wireless client has the correct WEP key for encryption. The ZyXEL Device authenticates wireless clients using Shared Key mode that have the correct WEP key.• Select Shared WEP to have the ZyXEL Device authenticate only those wireless clients that use Shared Key mode and have the correct WEP key.WEP Key Enter a WEP key that will be used to encrypt data. Both the ZyXEL Deviceand the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission.If you want to manually set the WEP key, enter any 5 or 13 characters (ASCII string) or 10 or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F") for a 64-bit or 128-bit WEP key respectively.
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1266.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK)The WPA-PSK security mode provides both improved data encryption and user authentication over WEP. Using a Pre-Shared Key (PSK), both the ZyXEL Device and the connecting client share a common password in order to validate the connection. This type of encryption, while robust, is not as strong as WPA, WPA2 or even WPA2-PSK. The WPA2-PSK security mode is a newer, more robust version of the WPA encryption standard. It offers slightly better security, although the use of PSK makes it less robust than it could be.Click Network Settings > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the security level. Then select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list.Figure 26 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSKThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 16 Wireless > General: WPA(2)-PSKLABEL DESCRIPTIONSecurity Level Select More Secure to enable WPA(2)-PSK data encryption.Security Mode Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box.Pre-Shared Key The encryption mechanisms used for WPA/WPA2 and WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials.Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters or 64 hexidecimal digits.more.../hidemoreClick more... to show more fields in this section. Click hide more to hide them.
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1276.2.4 WPA(2) AuthenticationThe WPA2 security mode is currently the most robust form of encryption for wireless networks. It requires a RADIUS server to authenticate user credentials and is a full implementation the security protocol. Use this security option for maximum protection of your network. However, it is the least backwards compatible with older devices.The WPA security mode is a security subset of WPA2. It requires the presence of a RADIUS server on your network in order to validate user credentials. This encryption standard is slightly older than WPA2 and therefore is more compatible with older devices.WPA-PSK CompatibleThis field appears when you choose WPA-PSK2 as the Security Mode.Check this field to allow wireless devices using WPA-PSK securitymode to connect to your ZyXEL Device. The ZyXEL Device supports WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK simultaneously.Encryption If the security mode is WPA-PSK, the encryption mode is set to TKIPto enable Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) security on yourwireless network. If the security mode is WPA-PSK2 and WPA-PSK Compatible isdisabled, the encryption mode is set to AES to enable Advanced Encryption System (AES) security on your wireless network. AES provides superior security to TKIP.If the security mode is WPA-PSK2 and WPA-PSK Compatible isenabled, the encryption mode is set to TKIPAES MIX to allow bothTKIP and AES types of security in your wireless network.Table 16 Wireless > General: WPA(2)-PSK (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide128Click Network Settings > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the security level. Then select WPA or WPA2 from the Security Modelist.Figure 27 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 17 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)LABEL DESCRIPTIONSecurity Level Select More Secure to enable WPA(2)-PSK data encryption.Security Mode Choose WPA or WPA2 from the drop-down list box.Authentication ServerIP Address Enter the IP address of the external authentication server in dotted decimal notation.Port Number Enter the port number of the external authentication server. The default port number is 1812. You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so with additional information. Shared Secret Enter a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external authentication server and the ZyXEL Device.The key must be the same on the external authentication server and your ZyXEL Device. The key is not sent over the network. more.../hidemoreClick more... to show more fields in this section. Click hide more to hide them.WPA Compatible This field is only available for WPA2. Select this if you want the ZyXEL Device to support WPA and WPA2 simultaneously.
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1296.3 The More AP ScreenThe ZyXEL Device can broadcast up to four wireless network names at the same time. This means that users can connect to the ZyXEL Device using differentSSIDs. You can secure the connection on each SSID profile so that wireless clientsconnecting to the ZyXEL Device using different SSIDs cannot communicate with each other.This screen allows you to enable and configure multiple Basic Service Sets (BSSs) on the ZyXEL Device.Click Network Settings > Wireless > More AP. The following screen displays.Figure 28 Network Settings > Wireless > More APThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Group Key Update TimerThe Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the RADIUS server sends a new group key out to all clients. Encryption If the security mode is WPA, the encryption mode is set to TKIP to enable Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) security on your wireless network. If the security mode is WPA2 and WPA Compatible is disabled, the encryption mode is set to AES to enable Advanced Encryption System (AES) security on your wireless network. AES provides superiorsecurity to TKIP. If the security mode is WPA2 and WPA Compatible is enabled, theencryption mode is set to TKIPAES MIX to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or AES.Table 17 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2) (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 18 Network Settings > Wireless > More APLABEL DESCRIPTION# This is the index number of the entry.Active This field indicates whether this SSID is active. A yellow bulb signifies that this SSID is active. A gray bulb signifies that this SSID is not active.
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1306.3.1 Edit More APUse this screen to edit an SSID profile. Click the Edit icon next to an SSID in the More AP screen. The following screen displays.Figure 29 Wireless > More AP: EditThe following table describes the fields in this screen.SSID An SSID profile is the set of parameters relating to one of the ZyXEL Device’s BSSs. The SSID (Service Set IDentifier) identifies the ServiceSet with which a wireless device is associated. This field displays the name of the wireless profile on the network. When a wireless client scans for an AP to associate with, this is the name that is broadcast and seen in the wireless client utility.Security This field indicates the security mode of the SSID profile.Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the SSID profile.Table 18 Network Settings > Wireless > More AP (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 19 Wireless > More AP: EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONWireless Network SetupWireless Select the Enable Wireless LAN check box to activate the wireless LAN.Wireless Network Settings
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1316.4 The WPS ScreenUse this screen to configure WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) on your ZyXEL Device.WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Set up each WPS connection between two devices. Both devices must support WPS. See Section 6.7.6.3 on page 143 for more information about WPS.Note: The ZyXEL Device applies the security settings of the SSID1 profile (see Section 6.2 on page 121). If you want to use the WPS feature, make sure you have set the security mode of SSID1 to WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK or No Security.Wireless Network Name (SSID)The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN. Hide SSID Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.BSSID This shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the ZyXEL Device when wireless LAN is enabled.Security LevelSecurity Mode Select Basic (WEP) or More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK, WPA(2)) to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as the ZyXEL Device. After you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen. Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without any data encryption or authentication.See Section 6.2.1 on page 123 for more details about this field.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Back Click Back to exit this screen without saving.Table 19 Wireless > More AP: Edit (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide132Click Network Setting > Wireless > WPS. The following screen displays. SelectEnable and click Apply to activate the WPS function. You can configure the WPS settings in this screen. Figure 30 Network Setting > Wireless > WPSThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 20 Network Setting > Wireless > WPSLABEL DESCRIPTIONEnable WPS Select Enable to activate WPS on the ZyXEL Device.Add a new device with WPS MethodMethod 1PBC Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network using Push Button Configuration (PBC).WPS Click this button to add another WPS-enabled wireless device (within wireless range of the ZyXEL Device) to your wireless network. This button may either be a physical button on the outside of device, or a menu button similar to the WPS button on this screen.Note: You must press the other wireless device’s WPS button within two minutes of pressing this button.Method 2 PIN Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network by entering the PIN (Personal Identification Number) of the client into the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1336.5 The WMM ScreenUse this screen to enable or disable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM) wireless networks for multimedia applications.Register Enter the PIN of the device that you are setting up a WPS connectionwith and click Register to authenticate and add the wireless device to your wireless network.You can find the PIN either on the outside of the device, or by checking the device’s settings.Note: You must also activate WPS on that device within two minutes to have it present its PIN to the ZyXEL Device.WPS Configuration SummaryAP PIN The PIN of the ZyXEL Device is shown here. Enter this PIN in the configuration utility of the device you want to connect to using WPS.The PIN is not necessary when you use WPS push-button method.Click the Generate New PIN button to have the ZyXEL Device createa new PIN.Status This displays Configured when the ZyXEL Device has connected to a wireless network using WPS or Enable WPS is selected and wireless or wireless security settings have been changed. The current wireless and wireless security settings also appear in the screen.This displays Not Configured when there is no wireless or wireless security changes on the ZyXEL Device or you click Release Configuration to remove the configured wireless and wireless securitysettings.ReleaseConfiguration This button is available when the WPS status is Configured.Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless securitysettings for WPS connections on the ZyXEL Device.802.11 Mode This is the 802.11 mode used. Only compliant WLAN devices canassociate with the ZyXEL Device.SSID This is the name of the wireless network.Security This is the type of wireless security employed by the network.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Table 20 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide134Click Network Setting > Wireless > WMM. The following screen displays.Figure 31 Network Setting > Wireless > WMMThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 21 Network Setting > Wireless > WMMLABEL DESCRIPTIONEnable WMM of SSID1~4This enables the ZyXEL Device to automatically give a service a priority level according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends. WMM QoS (Wifi MultiMedia Quality of Service) gives high priority to voiceand video, which makes them run more smoothly.Enable WMM Automatic Power SaveDeliver (APSD)Click this to increase battery life for battery-powered wireless clients. APSD uses a longer beacon interval when transmitting traffic that does not require a short packet exchange interval.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1356.6 Scheduling Screen Click Network Setting > Wireless > Scheduling to open the Wireless LAN Scheduling screen. Use this screen to configure when the ZyXEL Device enables or disables the wireless LAN. Figure 32 Network Setting > Wireless > SchedulingThe following table describes the labels in this screen.6.7 Technical ReferenceThis section discusses wireless LANs in depth. For more information, see the appendix.Table 22 Network Setting > Wireless > SchedulingLABEL DESCRIPTIONWireless LAN SchedulingSelect Enable to activate wireless LAN scheduling on your ZyXEL Device.WLAN status Select On or Off to enable or disable the wireless LAN.Day Select the day(s) you want to turn the wireless LAN on or off.During the following timesSpecify the time period during which to apply the schedule.For example, you want the wireless network to be only available during work hours. Check Mon ~ Fri in the day column, and specify 8:00 ~ 18:00 in the time table.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1366.7.1 Additional Wireless TermsThe following table describes some wireless network terms and acronyms used in the ZyXEL Device’s web configurator.6.7.2 Wireless Security OverviewBy their nature, radio communications are simple to intercept. For wireless data networks, this means that anyone within range of a wireless network without security can not only read the data passing over the airwaves, but also join the network. Once an unauthorized person has access to the network, he or she can steal information or introduce malware (malicious software) intended to compromise the network. For these reasons, a variety of security systems havebeen developed to ensure that only authorized people can use a wireless datanetwork, or understand the data carried on it.These security standards do two things. First, they authenticate. This means that only people presenting the right credentials (often a username and password, or a “key” phrase) can access the network. Second, they encrypt. This means that the information sent over the air is encoded. Only people with the code key can understand the information, and only people who have been authenticated are given the code key.Table 23 Additional Wireless TermsTERM DESCRIPTIONRTS/CTS Threshold In a wireless network which covers a large area, wireless devices are sometimes not aware of each other’s presence. This may cause them to send information to the AP at the same time and result ininformation colliding and not getting through.By setting this value lower than the default value, the wireless devices must sometimes get permission to send information to theZyXEL Device. The lower the value, the more often the devices must get permission.If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value (see below), then wireless devices never have to get permission to send information to the ZyXEL Device.Preamble A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There aretwo preamble modes: long and short. If a device uses a different preamble mode than the ZyXEL Device does, it cannot communicate with the ZyXEL Device.Authentication The process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network.Fragmentation ThresholdA small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks, while a larger threshold provides faster performance if the network is not very busy.
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 137These security standards vary in effectiveness. Some can be broken, such as the old Wired Equivalent Protocol (WEP). Using WEP is better than using no security atall, but it will not keep a determined attacker out. Other security standards are secure in themselves but can be broken if a user does not use them properly. For example, the WPA-PSK security standard is very secure if you use a long key which is difficult for an attacker’s software to guess - for example, a twenty-letter long string of apparently random numbers and letters - but it is not very secure ifyou use a short key which is very easy to guess - for example, a three-letter word from the dictionary.Because of the damage that can be done by a malicious attacker, it’s not justpeople who have sensitive information on their network who should use security. Everybody who uses any wireless network should ensure that effective security isin place.A good way to come up with effective security keys, passwords and so on is to use obscure information that you personally will easily remember, and to enter it in a way that appears random and does not include real words. For example, if your mother owns a 1970 Dodge Challenger and her favorite movie is Vanishing Point (which you know was made in 1971) you could use “70dodchal71vanpoi” as your security key.The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless network.6.7.2.1 SSIDNormally, the ZyXEL Device acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the ZyXEL Device does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess.This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wirelessdevices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network.6.7.2.2 MAC Address FilterEvery device that can use a wireless network has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each device in the wireless network, see the device’s User’s Guide or other documentation.1. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.2. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide138You can use the MAC address filter to tell the ZyXEL Device which devices are allowed or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a device is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the correct information (SSID, channel,and security). If a device is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does notmatter if it has the correct information.This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wirelessnetwork. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the MAC address of an authorized device. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network.6.7.2.3 User AuthenticationAuthentication is the process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network. You can make every user log in to the wireless network before using it. However, every device in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this.For wireless networks, you can store the user names and passwords for each user in a RADIUS server. This is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If youdo not have a RADIUS server, you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users.Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network, even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless network.6.7.2.4 EncryptionWireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secretcode, you cannot understand the message.The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of authentication. (See Section 6.7.2.3 on page 138 for information about this.)Table 24 Types of Encryption for Each Type of AuthenticationNO AUTHENTICATION RADIUS SERVERWeakest No Security WPAStatic WEPWPA-PSKStrongest WPA2-PSK WPA2
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 139For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPAor WPA2. If users do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, or WPA2-PSK.Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every device in the wireless network supports. For example, suppose you have a wireless network with the ZyXEL Device and you do not have a RADIUS server. Therefore, there is no authentication. Suppose the wireless network has two devices. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA. Therefore, you should set up Static WEP in the wireless network.Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger encryption. The other types of encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for unauthorized wireless devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly.When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your ZyXEL Device, you can also select an option (WPA compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some of the devices support WPA and some support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA compatible option in the ZyXEL Device.Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wirelessnetwork. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every device in the wireless network must have the same key.6.7.3 Signal ProblemsBecause wireless networks are radio networks, their signals are subject to limitations of distance, interference and absorption.Problems with distance occur when the two radios are too far apart. Problems with interference occur when other radio waves interrupt the data signal. Interference may come from other radio transmissions, such as military or air traffic control communications, or from machines that are coincidental emitters such as electric motors or microwaves. Problems with absorption occur when physical objects (such as thick walls) are between the two radios, muffling the signal.6.7.4 BSSA Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wirelessstations or between a wireless station and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is disabled, wireless station A and B can access the wired network
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide140and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is enabled,wireless station A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.Figure 33 Basic Service set6.7.5 MBSSIDTraditionally, you need to use different APs to configure different Basic Service Sets (BSSs). As well as the cost of buying extra APs, there is also the possibility of channel interference. The ZyXEL Device’s MBSSID (Multiple Basic Service Set IDentifier) function allows you to use one access point to provide several BSSssimultaneously. You can then assign varying QoS priorities and/or security modesto different SSIDs.Wireless devices can use different BSSIDs to associate with the same AP.6.7.5.1 Notes on Multiple BSSs• A maximum of eight BSSs are allowed on one AP simultaneously.• You must use different keys for different BSSs. If two wireless devices havedifferent BSSIDs (they are in different BSSs), but have the same keys, they may hear each other’s communications (but not communicate with each other).• MBSSID should not replace but rather be used in conjunction with 802.1x security.
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1416.7.6 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS)Your ZyXEL Device supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance.WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both devices must support WPS (check each device’sdocumentation to make sure).Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up a secure network by themselves.6.7.6.1 Push Button ConfigurationWPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a button on eachWPS-enabled device, and allowing them to connect automatically. You do not need to enter any information. Not every WPS-enabled device has a physical WPS button. Some may have a WPS PBC button in their configuration utilities instead of or in addition to the physical button.Take the following steps to set up WPS using the button.1Ensure that the two devices you want to set up are within wireless range of one another.2Look for a WPS button on each device. If the device does not have one, log into itsconfiguration utility and locate the button (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to do this - for the ZyXEL Device, see Section 6.4 on page 131).3Press the button on one of the devices (it doesn’t matter which). For the ZyXELDevice you must press the WPS button for more than three seconds.4Within two minutes, press the button on the other device. The registrar sends the network name (SSID) and security key through an secure connection to the enrollee.If you need to make sure that WPS worked, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list,WPS was successful.
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1426.7.6.2 PIN ConfigurationEach WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This may either be static (it cannot be changed) or dynamic (in some devices you can generate a new PIN by clicking on a button in the configuration interface).Use the PIN method instead of the push-button configuration (PBC) method if youwant to ensure that the connection is established between the devices you specify,not just the first two devices to activate WPS in range of each other. However, you need to log into the configuration interfaces of both devices to use the PIN method.When you use the PIN method, you must enter the PIN from one device (usually the wireless client) into the second device (usually the Access Point or wireless router). Then, when WPS is activated on the first device, it presents its PIN to the second device. If the PIN matches, one device sends the network and securityinformation to the other, allowing it to join the network.Take the following steps to set up a WPS connection between an access point or wireless router (referred to here as the AP) and a client device using the PIN method.1Ensure WPS is enabled on both devices.2Access the WPS section of the AP’s configuration interface. See the device’s User’sGuide for how to do this.3Look for the client’s WPS PIN; it will be displayed either on the device, or in the WPS section of the client’s configuration interface (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to find the WPS PIN - for the ZyXEL Device, see Section 6.4 on page 131).4Enter the client’s PIN in the AP’s configuration interface.5If the client device’s configuration interface has an area for entering another device’s PIN, you can either enter the client’s PIN in the AP, or enter the AP’s PIN in the client - it does not matter which. 6Start WPS on both devices within two minutes. 7Use the configuration utility to activate WPS, not the push-button on the deviceitself.8On a computer connected to the wireless client, try to connect to the Internet. Ifyou can connect, WPS was successful.If you cannot connect, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’sconfiguration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 143The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebookcomputer) connecting to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method.Figure 34 Example WPS Process: PIN Method6.7.6.3 How WPS WorksWhen two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role. One device acts as the registrar (the device that supplies network and securitysettings) and the other device acts as the enrollee (the device that receives network and security settings. The registrar creates a secure EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) tunnel and sends the network name (SSID) and the WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key to the enrollee. Whether WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK is used depends on the standards supported by the devices. If the registrar is already part of a network, it sends the existing information. If not, it generates the SSID and WPA(2)-PSK randomly.ENROLLEESECURE EAP TUNNELSSIDWPA(2)-PSKWITHIN 2 MINUTESCOMMUNICATIONThis device’s WPSEnter WPS PIN WPSfrom other device: WPS PIN: 123456WPSSTARTWPSSTARTREGISTRAR
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide144The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to a WPS-enabled access point.Figure 35 How WPS worksThe roles of registrar and enrollee last only as long as the WPS setup process is active (two minutes). The next time you use WPS, a different device can be the registrar if necessary.The WPS connection process is like a handshake; only two devices participate in each WPS transaction. If you want to add more devices you should repeat the process with one of the existing networked devices and the new device.Note that the access point (AP) is not always the registrar, and the wireless client is not always the enrollee. All WPS-certified APs can be a registrar, and so can some WPS-enabled wireless clients.By default, a WPS devices is “unconfigured”. This means that it is not part of an existing network and can act as either enrollee or registrar (if it supports both functions). If the registrar is unconfigured, the security settings it transmits to the enrollee are randomly-generated. Once a WPS-enabled device has connected toanother device using WPS, it becomes “configured”. A configured wireless client can still act as enrollee or registrar in subsequent WPS connections, but a configured access point can no longer act as enrollee. It will be the registrar in allsubsequent WPS connections in which it is involved. If you want a configured AP to act as an enrollee, you must reset it to its factory defaults.SECURE TUNNELSECURITY INFOWITHIN 2 MINUTESCOMMUNICATIONACTIVATEWPSACTIVATEWPSWPS HANDSHAKEREGISTRARENROLLEE
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1456.7.6.4 Example WPS Network SetupThis section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup.The following figure shows an example network. In step 1, both AP1 and Client 1are unconfigured. When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In this example, AP1 is the registrar, and Client 1 is the enrollee. The registrar randomly generates the security information to set up the network, since it is unconfigured and has no existing information.Figure 36 WPS: Example Network Step 1In step 2, you add another wireless client to the network. You know that Client 1supports registrar mode, but it is better to use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new client since you must connect to the access point anyway in order to use the network. In this case, AP1 must be the registrar, since it is configured (it already has security information for the network). AP1 supplies the existing security information to Client 2.Figure 37 WPS: Example Network Step 2REGISTRARENROLLEESECURITY INFOCLIENT 1 AP1REGISTRARCLIENT 1 AP1ENROLLEECLIENT 2EXISTING CONNECTIONSECURITYINFO
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide146In step 3, you add another access point (AP2) to your network. AP2 is out of range of AP1, so you cannot use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new access point. However, you know that Client 2 supports the registrar function, so you use it to perform the WPS handshake instead.Figure 38 WPS: Example Network Step 36.7.6.5 Limitations of WPSWPS has some limitations of which you should be aware. • WPS works in Infrastructure networks only (where an AP and a wireless client communicate). It does not work in Ad-Hoc networks (where there is no AP).• When you use WPS, it works between two devices only. You cannot enroll multiple devices simultaneously, you must enroll one after the other.For instance, if you have two enrollees and one registrar you must set up the first enrollee (by pressing the WPS button on the registrar and the first enrollee,for example), then check that it successfully enrolled, then set up the second device in the same way.• WPS works only with other WPS-enabled devices. However, you can still add non-WPS devices to a network you already set up using WPS.WPS works by automatically issuing a randomly-generated WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key from the registrar device to the enrollee devices. Whether the network uses WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK depends on the device. You can check the configuration interface of the registrar device to discover the key the network is using (if the device supports this feature). Then, you can enter the key into the non-WPS device and join the network as normal (the non-WPS device must also support WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK).CLIENT 1 AP1REGISTRARCLIENT 2EXISTING CONNECTIONSECURITYINFOENROLLEEAP2EXISTINGCONNECTION
Chapter 6 WirelessP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 147• When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you press the button on one device to the moment you press the button on the other device) when any WPS-enabled device could join the network. This is because the registrar has no way of identifying the “correct” enrollee, and cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a possibleway for a hacker to gain access to a network.You can easily check to see if this has happened. WPS works between only two devices simultaneously, so if another device has enrolled your device will beunable to enroll, and will not have access to the network. If this happens, open the access point’s configuration interface and look at the list of associatedclients (usually displayed by MAC address). It does not matter if the accesspoint is the WPS registrar, the enrollee, or was not involved in the WPS handshake; a rogue device must still associate with the access point to gainaccess to the network. Check the MAC addresses of your wireless clients(usually printed on a label on the bottom of the device). If there is an unknown MAC address you can remove it or reset the AP.
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P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 149CHAPTER 7 Home Networking7.1 Overview A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which manycomputers are attached. A LAN is usually located in one immediate area such as a building or floor of a building.The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IPaddresses.7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter• Use the LAN IP screen to set the LAN IP address, subnet mask, and DHCP settings (Section 7.2 on page 153). • Use the DHCP Server screen to configure the DNS server information that the ZyXEL Device sends to the DHCP client devices on the LAN (Section 7.3 on page 154).• Use the UPnP screen to enable UPnP (Section 7.4 on page 156).• Use the File Sharing screen to enable file-sharing server (Section 7.5 on page 157).• Use the Printer Server screen to enable the print server (Section 7.6 on page 160).DSLLAN
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1507.1.2 What You Need To KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.7.1.2.1 About LANIP AddressSimilar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN share one common network number. This is known as anInternet Protocol address.Subnet MaskThe subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your ZyXEL Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the ZyXEL Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise.DHCPDHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) allows clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. This ZyXEL Device has a built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems thatsupport DHCP client capability.DNSDNS (Domain Name System) maps a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The DNS server addresses you enter when you set up DHCP are passed to the client machines along with the assigned IP address and subnet mask.7.1.2.2 About UPnPHow do I know if I'm using UPnP? UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP compatible device installed on your network will appearas a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device.
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 151Cautions with UPnPThe automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some network environments. When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For security reasons, the ZyXEL Device allows multicast messages onthe LAN only.All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention. UPnP and ZyXELZyXEL has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum UPnP™ Implementers Corp. (UIC). ZyXEL's UPnP implementation supportsInternet Gateway Device (IGD) 1.0. See Section 7.8 on page 165 for examples of installing and using UPnP.7.1.2.3 About File SharingUser AccountThis gives you access to the file sharing server. It includes your user name and password.Workgroup nameThis is the name given to a set of computers that are connected on a network and share resources such as a printer or files. Windows automatically assigns the workgroup name when you set up a network. SharesWhen settings are set to default, each USB device connected to the ZyXEL Device is given a folder, called a “share”. If a USB hard drive connected to the ZyXEL Device has more than one partition, then each partition will be allocated a share. You can also configure a “share” to be a sub-folder or file on the USB device.File SystemsA file system is a way of storing and organizing files on your hard drive and storage device. Often different operating systems such as Windows or Linux have
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide152different file systems. The file sharing feature on your ZyXEL Device supports File Allocation Table (FAT), FAT32, and New Technology File System (NTFS).Common Internet File SystemThe ZyXEL Device uses Common Internet File System (CIFS) protocol for its file sharing functions. CIFS compatible computers can access the USB file storage devices connected to the ZyXEL Device. CIFS protocol is supported on Microsoft Windows, Linux Samba and other operating systems (refer to your systems specifications for CIFS compatibility). 7.1.2.4 About Printer ServerPrint ServerThis is a computer or other device which manages one or more printers, andwhich sends print jobs to each printer from the computer itself or other devices.Operating SystemAn operating system (OS) is the interface which helps you manage a computer. Common examples are Microsoft Windows, Mac OS or Linux.TCP/IPTCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) is a set of communications protocols that most of the Internet runs on. PortA port maps a network service such as http to a process running on your computer, such as a process run by your web browser. When traffic from the Internet is received on your computer, the port number is used to identify which process running on your computer it is intended for.Supported OSsYour operating system must support TCP/IP ports for printing and be compatiblewith the RAW protocol.The following OSs support ZyXEL Device’s printer sharing feature.• Microsoft Windows 95, Windows 98 SE (Second Edition), Windows Me, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP or Macintosh OS X.
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1537.2 The LAN Setup ScreenClick Network Setting > Home Networking to open the LAN Setup screen. Use this screen to set the Local Area Network IP address and subnet mask of yourZyXEL Device and configure the DNS server information that the ZyXEL Device sends to the DHCP client devices on the LAN.Figure 39 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 25 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup LABEL DESCRIPTIONLAN IP SetupIP Address Enter the LAN IP address you want to assign to your ZyXEL Device in dotted decimal notation, for example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default).IP Subnet Mask Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example 255.255.255.0 (factory default). Your ZyXEL Device automatically computes the subnet mask based on the IP address you enter, so do not change this field unless you are instructed to do so.DHCP Server StateDHCP Select Enable to have your ZyXEL Device assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to LAN computers and other devices that are DHCP clients.If you select Disable, you need to manually configure the IP addresses of the computers and other devices on your LAN.When DHCP is used, the following fields need to be set.
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1547.3 The Static DHCP ScreenThis table allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC Addresses.Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.7.3.1 Before You BeginFind out the MAC addresses of your network devices if you intend to add them to the Static DHCP screen.IP Addressing ValuesIP Pool StartingAddressThis field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.Pool Size This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool.DNS ValuesDNS Server 1-3 Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the ZyXEL Device's WAN IP address).Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Definedchanges to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. You musthave another DHCP sever on your LAN, or else the computers must have their DNS server addresses manually configured. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.Table 25 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 155Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s static DHCP settings. Click Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP to open the following screen.Figure 40 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP The following table describes the labels in this screen.If you click Add new static lease in the Static DHCP screen, the following screen displays.Figure 41 Static DHCP: AddTable 26 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCPLABEL DESCRIPTIONAdd new static leaseClick this to add a new static DHCP entry.# This is the index number of the entry.Status This field displays whether the client is connected to the ZyXEL Device.Host Name This field displays the client host name.MAC Address The MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address on a LAN (Local Area Network) is unique to your computer (six pairs of hexadecimal notation).A network interface card such as an Ethernet adapter has a hardwired address that is assigned at the factory. This address follows an industry standard that ensures no other adapter has a similar address.IP Address This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.Reserve Select the check box in the heading row to automatically select all check boxes or select the check box(es) in each entry to have the ZyXEL Device always assign the selected entry(ies)’s IP address(es) to the corresponding MAC address(es) (and host name(s)). You can select up to 128 entries in this table. Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.Refresh Click Refresh to reload the DHCP table.
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide156The following table describes the labels in this screen.7.4 The UPnP ScreenUniversal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. AUPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.See page 165 for more information on UPnP.Use the following screen to configure the UPnP settings on your ZyXEL Device.Click Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP > UPnP to display the screen shown next.Figure 42 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnPThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 27 Static DHCP: AddLABEL DESCRIPTIONMAC Address Enter the MAC address of a computer on your LAN.IP Address Enter the IP address that you want to assign to the computer on your LAN with the MAC address that you will also specify.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Back Click Back to exit this screen without saving.Table 28 Network Settings > Home Networking > UPnPLABEL DESCRIPTIONUPnP Select Enable to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to open the web configurator's login screen without entering the ZyXEL Device's IP address (although you must still enter the password to access the web configurator).Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1577.5 The File Sharing ScreenYou can share files on a USB memory stick or hard drive connected to your ZyXELDevice with users on your network.The following figure is an overview of the ZyXEL Device’s file server feature. Computers A and B can access files on a USB device (C) which is connected to the ZyXEL Device.Figure 43 File Sharing OverviewThe ZyXEL Device will not be able to join the workgroup if your local area network has restrictions set up that do not allow devices to join a workgroup. In this case, contact your network administrator.7.5.1 Before You BeginMake sure the ZyXEL Device is connected to your network and turned on.1Connect the USB device to one of the ZyXEL Device’s USB ports. Make sure the ZyXEL Device is connected to your network.2The ZyXEL Device detects the USB device and makes its contents available for browsing. If you are connecting a USB hard drive that comes with an externalpower supply, make sure it is connected to an appropriate power source that is on.Note: If your USB device cannot be detected by ZyXEL Device, see the troubleshooting for suggestions.ABC
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide158Use this screen to set up file sharing using the ZyXEL Device. To access this screen, click Network Setting > Home Networking > File Sharing.Figure 44 Network Setting > Home Networking > File SharingEach field is described in the following table.Table 29 Network Setting > Home Networking > File SharingLABEL DESCRIPTIONServer ConfigurationFile Sharing Services (SMB)Select Enable to activate file sharing through the ZyXEL Device. Add new share Click this to set up a new share on the ZyXEL Device.# Select the check box to make the share available to the network. Otherwise, clear this.Status This shows whether or not the share is available for sharing.Share Name This field displays the share name on the ZyXEL Device.Share Path This field displays the path for the share directories (folders) on the ZyXEL Device. These are the directories (folders) on your USB storage device.Share DescriptionThis field displays information about the share. Modify Click the Edit icon to change the settings of an existing share.Click the Delete icon to delete this share in the list.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1597.5.2 Add/Edit File SharingUse this screen to set up a new share or edit an existing share on the ZyXEL Device. Click Add new share in the File Sharing screen or click the Edit icon next to an existing share.Figure 45 File Sharing: Add/EditEach field is described in the following table.Table 30 File Sharing: Add/EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONVolume Select the volume in the USB storage device that you want to add as a share in the ZyXEL Device.This field is read-only when you are editing the share.Share Path Manually enter the file path for the share, or click the Browse buttonand select the folder that you want to add as a share. This field is read-only when you are editing the share.Description You can either enter a short description of the share, or leave this field blank.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1607.6 The Printer Server ScreenThe ZyXEL Device allows you to share a USB printer on your LAN. You can do this by connecting a USB printer to one of the USB ports on the ZyXEL Device and then configuring a TCP/IP port on the computers connected to your network.Figure 46 Sharing a USB Printer7.6.1 Before You BeginTo configure the print server you need the following:• Your ZyXEL Device must be connected to your computer and any other devices on your network. The USB printer must be connected to your ZyXEL Device.• A USB printer with the driver already installed on your computer.• The computers on your network must have the printer software already installedbefore they can create a TCP/IP port for printing via the network. Follow your printer manufacturers instructions on how to install the printer software on your computer. Note: Your printer’s installation instructions may ask that you connect the printer to your computer. Connect your printer to the ZyXEL Device instead.Use this screen to enable or disable sharing of a USB printer via your ZyXEL Device. To access this screen, click Network Setting > Home Networking > PrinterServer.Figure 47 Network Setting > Home Networking > Printer Server
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 161The following table describes the labels in this menu.7.7 Technical ReferenceThis section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this chapter.LANs, WANs and the ZyXEL DeviceThe actual physical connection determines whether the ZyXEL Device ports are LAN or WAN ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network as shown next.Figure 48 LAN and WAN IP AddressesDHCP SetupDHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the ZyXEL Device as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the ZyXEL Device provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If you turn DHCP service off, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or elsethe computer must be manually configured.Table 31 Network Setting > Home Networking > Print ServerLABEL DESCRIPTIONPrinter Server Select Enable to have the ZyXEL Device share a USB printer.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.WANLAN
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide162IP Pool SetupThe ZyXEL Device is pre-configured with a pool of IP addresses for the DHCP clients (DHCP Pool). See the product specifications in the appendices. Do notassign static IP addresses from the DHCP pool to your LAN computers.LAN TCP/IP The ZyXEL Device has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability.IP Address and Subnet MaskSimilar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN share one common network number.Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you selecta network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0 and you must enable the Network Address Translation (NAT) feature of the ZyXEL Device. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254 individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserved). In other words, the first three numbers specify the network numberwhile the last number identifies an individual computer on that network.Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy toremember, for instance, 192.168.1.1, for your ZyXEL Device, but make sure thatno other device on your network is using that IP address.The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your ZyXEL Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the ZyXEL Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise.Private IP AddressesEvery machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet, for example, only between your two branch offices, you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 163Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:• 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255• 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IPaddresses.Note: Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, “Address Allocation for PrivateInternets” and RFC 1466, “Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space”.ZyXEL Device Print Server Compatible USB PrintersThe following is a list of USB printer models compatible with the ZyXEL Device print server.Table 32 Compatible USB Printers BRAND MODELBrother MFC7420CANON BJ F9000CANON i320CANON PIXMA MP450CANON PIXMA MP730CANON PIXMA MP780CANON PIXMA MP830CANON PIXUS ip2500CANON PIXMA ip4200CANON PIXMA ip5000CANON PIXUS 990iEPSON CX3500EPSON CX3900EPSON EPL-5800EPSON EPL-6200L
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide164EPSON LP-2500EPSON LP-8900EPSON RX 510EPSON RX 530EPSON Stylus 830UEPSON Stylus 1270EPSON Stylus C43UXEPSON Stylus C60EPSON Stylus Color 670HP Deskjet 5550HP Deskjet 5652HP Deskjet 830CHP Deskjet 845CHP Deskjet 1125CHP Deskjet 1180CHP Deskjet 1220CHP Deskjet F4185HP Laserjet 1022HP Laserjet 1200HP Laserjet 2200DHP Laserjet 2420HP Color Laserjet 1500LHP Laserjet 3015HP Officejet 4255HP Officejet 5510HP Officejet 5610HP Officejet 7210HP Officejet Pro L7380HP Photosmart 2610HP Photosmart 3110HP Photosmart 7150Table 32 Compatible USB Printers (continued)BRAND MODEL
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1657.8 Installing UPnP in Windows ExampleThis section shows how to install UPnP in Windows Me and Windows XP. Installing UPnP in Windows MeFollow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows Me. 1Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Add/Remove Programs.HP Photosmart 7830HP Photosmart C5280HP Photosmart D5160HP PSC 1350HP PSC 1410IBM Infoprint 1332LEXMARK Z55LEXMARK Z705OKI B4350SAMSUNG ML-1710SAMSUNG SCX-4016Table 32 Compatible USB Printers (continued)BRAND MODEL
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1662Click the Windows Setup tab and select Communication in the Componentsselection box. Click Details. Figure 49 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication3In the Communications window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box in the Components selection box. Figure 50 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1674Click OK to go back to the Add/Remove Programs Properties window and click Next. 5Restart the computer when prompted.Installing UPnP in Windows XPFollow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows XP.1Click Start and Control Panel. 2Double-click Network Connections.3In the Network Connections window, click Advanced in the main menu andselect Optional Networking Components …. Figure 51 Network Connections
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1684The Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard window displays. Select Networking Service in the Components selection box and click Details. Figure 52 Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1695In the Networking Services window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box.Figure 53 Networking Services6Click OK to go back to the Windows Optional Networking Component Wizardwindow and click Next. 7.9 Using UPnP in Windows XP ExampleThis section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the ZyXEL Device.Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the ZyXEL Device. Turn on your computer and the ZyXEL Device. Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device1Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icondisplays under Internet Gateway.
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1702Right-click the icon and select Properties. Figure 54 Network Connections
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1713In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the portmappings there were automatically created. Figure 55 Internet Connection Properties
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1724You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings. Figure 56 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced SettingsFigure 57 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add5When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port mappings will be deleted automatically.
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1736Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon displays in the system tray. Figure 58 System Tray Icon7Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status.Figure 59 Internet Connection StatusWeb Configurator Easy AccessWith UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the ZyXEL Device without finding out the IP address of the ZyXEL Device first. This comes helpful ifyou do not know the IP address of the ZyXEL Device.Follow the steps below to access the web configurator.1Click Start and then Control Panel. 2Double-click Network Connections.
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1743Select My Network Places under Other Places. Figure 60 Network Connections4An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local Network.
Chapter 7 Home NetworkingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1755Right-click on the icon for your ZyXEL Device and select Invoke. The webconfigurator login screen displays. Figure 61 Network Connections: My Network Places6Right-click on the icon for your ZyXEL Device and select Properties. A propertieswindow displays with basic information about the ZyXEL Device. Figure 62 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example
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P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 177CHAPTER 8 Routing8.1 Overview The ZyXEL Device usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic fromcomputers on the LAN to the Internet. To have the ZyXEL Device send data to devices not reachable through the default gateway, use static routes.For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the ZyXELDevice’s LAN interface. The ZyXEL Device routes most traffic from A to the Internet through the ZyXEL Device’s default gateway (R1). You create one static route to connect to services offered by your ISP behind router R2. You createanother static route to communicate with a separate network behind a router R3connected to the LAN.Figure 63 Example of Static Routing TopologyWANR1R2AR3LAN
Chapter 8 RoutingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1788.2 Configuring Static Route Use this screen to view and configure IP static routes on the ZyXEL Device. Click Network Setting > Routing to open the following screen. Figure 64 Network Setting > RoutingThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 33 Network Setting > RoutingLABEL DESCRIPTIONAdd New Static RouteClick this to set up a new static route on the ZyXEL Device.# This is the number of an individual static route.Active This indicates whether the rule is active or not.A yellow bulb signifies that this static route is active. A gray bulb signifies that this static route is not active.Status This shows whether the static route is currently in use or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this static route is in use. A gray bulb signifies that this static route is not in use.Name This is the name that describes or identifies this route. Destination IP This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number.Gateway This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.Subnet Mask This parameter specifies the IP network subnet mask of the final destination.Interface This is the WAN interface through which the traffic is routed. Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can set up a static route on the ZyXEL Device.Click the Delete icon to remove a static route from the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 8 RoutingP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1798.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route Click add new Static Route in the Routing screen or click the Edit icon next toa rule. The following screen appears. Use this screen to configure the required information for a static route.Figure 65 Routing: Add/EditThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 34 Routing: Add/EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Click this to activate this static route.Route Name Enter the name of the IP static route. Leave this field blank to delete this static route.Destination IP AddressThis parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host ID.IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask here.Gateway IPAddressYou can decide if you want to forward packets to a gateway IP address or a bound interface.If you want to configure Gateway IP Address, enter the IP address of the next-hop gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.Bound InterfaceYou can decide if you want to forward packets to a gateway IP address or a bound interface.If you want to configure Bound Interface, select the check box and choose an interface through which the traffic is sent. You must have the WAN interface(s) already configured in the Broadband screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Back Click Back to exit this screen without saving.
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P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 181CHAPTER 9 DNS Route9.1 Overview DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a machine before you can access it. In addition to the system DNS server(s), each WAN interface (service) is set to have its own static or dynamic DNS server list. You can configure a DNS static route to forward DNS queries for certain domain names through a specific WANinterface to its DNS server(s). The ZyXEL Device uses a system DNS server (in the order you specify in the Broadband screen) to resolve domain names that do notmatch any DNS routing entry. After the ZyXEL Device receives a DNS reply from a DNS server, it creates a new entry for the resolved IP address in the routing table.In the following example, the DNS server 168.92.5.1 obtained from the WAN interface ptm0.100 is set to be the system DNS server. The DNS server 10.10.23.7 is obtained from the WAN interface ppp1.123. You configure a DNSroute for *example.com to have the ZyXEL Device forward DNS requests for the domain name mail.example.com through the WAN interface ppp1.123 to the DNS server 10.10.23.7.Figure 66 Example of DNS Routing TopologyWANLANptm0.100ppp1.123DNS:10.10.23.7DNS:168.92.5.1sip.service.commail.example.com(Default)
Chapter 9 DNS RouteP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide1829.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterThe DNS Route screens let you view and configure DNS routes on the ZyXEL Device (Section 9.2 on page 182).9.2 The DNS Route ScreenThe DNS Route screens let you view and configure DNS routes on the ZyXEL Device. Click Network Setting > DNS Route to open the DNS Route screen.Figure 67 Network Setting > DNS RouteThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 35 Network Setting > DNS RouteLABEL DESCRIPTIONAdd new DNSrouteClick this to create a new entry.# This is the number of an individual DNS route.Status This shows whether the DNS route is currently in use or not.A yellow bulb signifies that this DNS route is in use. A gray bulb signifiesthat this DNS route is not in use.Domain Name This is the domain name to which the DNS route applies. WAN Interface This is the WAN interface through which the matched DNS request is routed. Modify Click the Edit icon to configure a DNS route on the ZyXEL Device.Click the Delete icon to remove a DNS route from the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 9 DNS RouteP-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 1839.2.1 Add/Edit DNS Route Edit Click Add new DNS route in the DNS Route screen or the Edit icon next to an existing DNS route. Use this screen to configure the required information for a DNS route. Figure 68 DNS Route: Add/Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 36 DNS Route: Add/EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Select this to activate this DNS route.Domain Name Enter the domain name you want to resolve.You can use the wildcard character, an “*” (asterisk) as the left most part of a domain name, such as *.example.com. The ZyXEL Device forwards DNS queries for any domain name ending in example.com to the WAN interface specified in this route.WAN Interface Select a WAN interface through which the matched DNS query is sent. You must have the WAN interface(s) already configured in the Broadband screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Back Click Back to exit this screen without saving.
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P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 185CHAPTER 10 Quality of Service (QoS)10.1 OverviewThis chapter discusses the ZyXEL Device’s QoS screens. Use these screens to set up your ZyXEL Device to use QoS for traffic management. Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network’s ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and the networking methods used to control the use ofbandwidth. QoS allows the ZyXEL Device to group and prioritize application traffic and fine-tune network performance.Without QoS, all traffic data is equally likely to be dropped when the network iscongested. This can cause a reduction in network performance and make thenetwork inadequate for time-critical application such as video-on-demand.The ZyXEL Device assigns each packet a priority and then queues the packet accordingly. Packets assigned a high priority are processed more quickly than those with low priority if there is congestion, allowing time-sensitive applications to flow more smoothly. Time-sensitive applications include both those that require a low level of latency (delay) and a low level of jitter (variations in delay) such asInternet gaming, and those for which jitter alone is a problem such as Internet radio or streaming video.Note: The ZyXEL Device has built-in configurations for Voice over IP (IP). The Quality of Service (QoS) feature does not affect VoIP traffic. • See Section 10.6 on page 195 for advanced technical information on SIP.10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter• Use the General screen to enable QoS, set the bandwidth, and allow the ZyXEL Device to automatically assign priority to upstream traffic according to the IEEE 802.1p priority level, IP precedence or packet length (Section 10.2 on page 186).• Use the Queue Setup screen to configure QoS queue assignment (Section 10.3 on page 188).
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide186• Use the Class Setup screen to set up classifiers to sort traffic into differentflows and assign priority and define actions to be performed for a classified traffic flow (Section 10.4 on page 190).• Use the Monitor screen to view the ZyXEL Device’s QoS-related packet statistics (Section 10.5 on page 194).10.1.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.QoS versus CosQoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the same flow are given the same priority. CoS (class of service) is a way of managing traffic in a network by grouping similar types of traffic together and treating each type as a class. You can use CoS to give different priorities to different packet types.CoS technologies include IEEE 802.1p layer 2 tagging and DiffServ (Differentiated Services or DS). IEEE 802.1p tagging makes use of three bits in the packet header, while DiffServ is a new protocol and defines a new DS field, which replaces the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP header. Tagging and MarkingIn a QoS class, you can configure whether to add or change the DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) value, IEEE 802.1p priority level and VLAN ID number in a matched packet. When the packet passes through a compatible network, the networking device, such as a backbone switch, can provide specific treatment or service based on the tag or marker.10.2 The QoS General Screen Use this screen to enable or disable QoS, set the bandwidth, and select to havethe ZyXEL Device automatically assign priority to upstream traffic according to the IEEE 802.1p priority level, IP precedence or packet length.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 187Click Network Setting > QoS to open the General screen. Figure 69 Network Setting > QoS > GeneralThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 37 Network Setting > QoS > GeneralLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive QoS Select the check box to turn on QoS to improve your network performance.You can give priority to traffic that the ZyXEL Device forwards out through the WAN interface. Give high priority to voice and video to makethem run more smoothly. Similarly, give low priority to many large file downloads so that they do not reduce the quality of other applications. WAN ManagedUpstreamBandwidthEnter the amount of bandwidth for the WAN interface that you want to allocate using QoS.The recommendation is to set this speed to match the interface’s actual transmission speed. For example, set the WAN interface speed to 100000 kbps if your Internet connection has an upstream transmission speed of 100 Mbps. Setting this number higher than the interface’s actual transmission speed will stop lower priority traffic from being sent if higher priority traffic uses all of the actual bandwidth. If you set this number lower than the interface’s actual transmissionspeed, the ZyXEL Device will not use some of the interface’s available bandwidth.Leave this field blank to have the ZyXEL Device set this value automatically.Traffic prioritywill beautomatically assigned byThese fields are ignored if upstream traffic matches a class you configured in the Class Setup screen.If you select Ethernet Priority, IP Precedence or Packet Length and traffic does not match a class configured in the Class Setup screen, the ZyXEL Device assigns priority to unmatched traffic based on the IEEE 802.1p priority level, IP precedence or packet length.See Section 10.6.1 on page 195 for more information.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide18810.3 The Queue Setup ScreenUse this screen to configure QoS queue assignment. Click Network Setting >QoS > Queue Setup to open the screen as shown next. Figure 70 Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.Table 37 Network Setting > QoS > General (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 38 Network Setting > QoS > Queue SetupLABEL DESCRIPTIONAdd newQueueClick this to create a new entry.# This is the index number of this entry.Status Select the check box to enable the queue.Name This shows the descriptive name of this queue.Interface This shows the name of the ZyXEL Device’s interface through which traffic in this queue passes.Priority This shows the priority of this queue.Weight This shows the weight of this queue.Buffer Management This shows the queue management algorithm used by the ZyXEL Device.Rate Limit (kbps)This shows the maximum transmission rate allowed for traffic on this queue.Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the queue.Click the Delete icon to delete an existing queue. Note that subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 18910.3.1 Add/Edit a QoS Queue Use this screen to configure a queue. Click Add new queue in the Queue Setupscreen or the Edit icon next to an existing queue.Figure 71 Queue Setup: Add/Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.Table 38 Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 39 Queue Setup: Add/EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Select to enable or disable this queue.Name Enter the descriptive name of this queue.Interface Select the interface to which this queue is applied.Priority Select the priority level (from 1 to 7) of this queue.The larger the number, the higher the priority level. Traffic assigned to higher priority queues gets through faster while traffic in lower priorityqueues is dropped if the network is congested.Weight Select the weight (from 1 to 15) of this queue.If two queues have the same priority level, the ZyXEL Device divides the bandwidth across the queues according to their weights. Queues with larger weights get more bandwidth than queues with smaller weights.Rate Limit Specify the maximum transmission rate (in Kbps) allowed for traffic on this queue.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Back Click Back to return to the previous screen without saving.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide19010.4 The Class Setup Screen Use this screen to add, edit or delete QoS classifiers. A classifier groups traffic into data flows according to specific criteria such as the source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number or incoming interface. For example, you can configure a classifier to select traffic from the same protocolport (such as Telnet) to form a flow.You can give different priorities to traffic that the ZyXEL Device forwards out through the WAN interface. Give high priority to voice and video to make them runmore smoothly. Similarly, give low priority to many large file downloads so thatthey do not reduce the quality of other applications. Click Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup to open the following screen.Figure 72 Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 40 Network Setting > QoS > Class SetupLABEL DESCRIPTIONAdd newClassifierClick this to create a new classifier.Order This field displays the order number of the classifier.Status Select the check box to enable the classifier.Class Name This is the name of the classifier.Classification CriteriaThis shows criteria specified in this classifier, for example the interfacefrom which traffic of this class should come and the source MAC address of traffic that matches this classifier.Forward to This is the interface through which traffic that matches this classifier is forwarded out.DSCP Mark This is the DSCP number added to traffic of this classifier.To Queue This is the name of the queue in which traffic of this classifier is put.Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the classifier.Click the Delete icon to delete an existing classifier. Note that subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 19110.4.1 Add/Edit QoS Class Click Add new Classifier in the Class Setup screen or the Edit icon next to anexisting classifier to configure it.Figure 73 Class Setup: Add/EditThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 41 Class Setup: Add/EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONClass ConfigurationActive Select to enable this classifier.Class Name Enter a descriptive name of up to 32 printable English keyboardcharacters, including spaces.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide192Classification OrderSelect an existing number for where you want to put this classifier to move the classifier to the number you selected after clicking Apply.Select Last to put this rule in the back of the classifier list.Forward toInterfaceSelect a WAN interface through which traffic of this class will be forwarded out. If you select Unchange, the ZyXEL Device forward traffic of this class according to the default routing table.DSCP Mark This field is available only when you select the Ether Type check box in Criteria Configuration-Basic section.If you select Mark, enter a DSCP value with which the ZyXEL Device replaces the DSCP field in the packets.If you select Unchange, the ZyXEL Device keep the DSCP field in the packets.To Queue Select a queue that applies to this class.You should have configured a queue in the Queue Setup screenalready.Criteria ConfigurationUse the following fields to configure the criteria for traffic classification.BasicFrom Interface Select whether the traffic class comes from the LAN or a wireless interface.Ether Type Select a predefined application to configure a class for the matched traffic.If you select IP, you also need to configure source or destination MAC address, IP address, DHCP options, DSCP value or the protocol type.If you select 8021Q, you can configure an 802.1p priority level and VLAN ID in the Others section.SourceMAC Address Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet.MAC Mask Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC address should match. Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address should match. Enter “0“ for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be of any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to 00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.IP Address Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank source IP address means any source IP address. IP Subnet Mask Enter the source subnet mask.Port Range If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and enter the port number(s) of the source. Table 41 Class Setup: Add/Edit (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 193Exclude Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.DestinationMAC Address Select the check box and enter the destination MAC address of the packet.MAC Mask Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC address should match. Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address should match. Enter “0“ for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be of any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to 00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.IP Address Select the check box and enter the destination IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank source IP address means any source IP address. IP Subnet Mask Enter the destination subnet mask.Port Range If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and enter the port number(s) of the source. Exclude Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.OthersIP Protocol This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.Select this option and select the protocol (service type) from TCP orUDP. If you select User defined, enter the protocol (service type) number.IP Packet Length This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.Select this option and enter the minimum and maximum packet length (from 46 to 1504) in the fields provided.DSCP This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.Select this option and specify a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number between 0 and 63 in the field provided.TCP ACK This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.If you select this option, the matched TCP packets must contain theACK (Acknowledge) flag.Table 41 Class Setup: Add/Edit (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide19410.5 The QoS Monitor Screen To view the ZyXEL Device’s QoS packet statistics, click Network Setting > QoS > Monitor. The screen appears as shown. Figure 74 Network Setting > QoS > MonitorDHCP This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field,and UDP in the IP Protocol field.Select this option and select a DHCP option. If you select Vendor Class ID (DHCP Option 60), enter the Class ID of the matched traffic, such as the type of the hardware or firmware.If you select ClientID (DHCP Option 61), enter the Type of the matched traffic and Client ID of the DHCP client.If you select User Class ID (DHCP Option 77), enter the UserClass Data, which is a string that identifies the user’s category or application type in the matched DHCP packets.If you select VendorSpecificIntro (DHCP Option 125), enter the Enterprise Number of the software of the matched traffic and Vendor Class Data used by all the DHCP clients.Service Select the service classification of the traffic.Exclude Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.Apply Click Apply to save your changes.Back Click Back to return to the previous screen without saving.Table 41 Class Setup: Add/Edit (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 195The following table describes the labels in this screen. 10.6 QoS Technical ReferenceThis section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this chapter.10.6.1 IEEE 802.1Q TagThe IEEE 802.1Q standard defines an explicit VLAN tag in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges. A VLAN tag includes the 12-bit VLAN ID and 3-bit user priority. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that devices need to process the frame across the network.IEEE 802.1p specifies the user priority field and defines up to eight separate traffic types. The following table describes the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1dstandard (which incorporates the 802.1p).Table 42 Network Setting > QoS > MonitorLABEL DESCRIPTIONMonitorRefresh Interval Select how often you want the ZyXEL Device to update this screen. Select No Refresh to stop refreshing statistics.Status# This is the index number of the entry.Name This shows the name of the WAN interface on the ZyXEL Device. Pass Rate (bps) This shows how many packets forwarded to this interface aretransmitted successfully.Queue Monitor# This is the index number of the entry.Name This shows the name of the queue.Pass Rate (bps) This shows how many packets assigned to this queue are transmitted successfully.Drop Rate (bps) This shows how many packets assigned to this queue are dropped.Table 43 IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic TypePRIORITY LEVEL TRAFFIC TYPELevel 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is thevariations in delay).
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide19610.6.2 IP PrecedenceSimilar to IEEE 802.1p prioritization at layer-2, you can use IP precedence to prioritize packets in a layer-3 network. IP precedence uses three bits of the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP header. There are eight classes of services (ranging from zero to seven) in IP precedence. Zero is the lowest priority level and seven is the highest.10.6.3 DiffServ QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the flow are given the same priority. You can use CoS (class of service) to give different priorities to different packet types.DiffServ (Differentiated Services) is a class of service (CoS) model that markspackets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic flow.Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCPs) indicating the level of service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ-compliant network devicesto handle the packets differently depending on the code points without the need tonegotiate paths or remember state information for every flow. In addition, applications do not have to request a particular service or give advanced notice of where the traffic is going. DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior DiffServ defines a new DS (Differentiated Services) field to replace the Type of Service (TOS) field in the IP header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and a 6-bit DSCP field which can define up to 64 service levels. The following figure illustrates the DS field. Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems Network Architecture) transactions.Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”. Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.Table 43 IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic TypePRIORITY LEVEL TRAFFIC TYPE
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 197DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet sothat non-DiffServ compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping.The DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), that each packet gets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule, different kinds of traffic can be marked for different kinds of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP values and the configured policies.DSCP (6 bits) Unused (2 bits)
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P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide 199CHAPTER 11Network Address Translation(NAT)11.1 Overview NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another network.11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter• Use the Port Forwarding screen to configure forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network (Section 11.2 on page 200).• Use the Sessions screen to limit the number of concurrent NAT sessions each client can use (Section 11.3 on page 203).11.1.2 What You Need To KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.Inside/Outside and Global/LocalInside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the ZyXEL Device, for example, the computers of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts. Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side.NATIn the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received froma subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address)
Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-2612HNU(L)-FxF User’s Guide200before forwarding the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back,NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host.Port ForwardingA port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP, that you can make visible to the outside world even though NAT makes your whole inside network appear as a single computer to the outside world.Finding Out MoreSee Section 11.4 on page 204 for advanced technical information on NAT.11.2 The Port Forwarding Screen Use the Port Forwarding screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network.You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded,and the local IP address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port numbers. You can allocate a server IP address that corresponds to a port or a range of ports.The most often used port numbers and services are shown in Appendix E on page 381. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers. Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding (Example)Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP

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