Zebra Technologies RADEKL Radar Development Kit User Manual Hardware Level ICD

Zebra Technologies Corporation Radar Development Kit Hardware Level ICD

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Hardware Level ICD

RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 © 2006 Multispectral Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved. Multispectral Solutions 20300 Century Blvd. Germantown, MD 20874 Phone 301-528-1745 FAX 301-528-1749 This document is Confidential and Proprietary and is for the use of Multispectral Solutions, Inc. personnel only, except to the extent that permission is expressly granted elsewhere. In any event, no part of this document may be reproduced or redistributed in any form without the express written consent of Multispectral Solutions, Inc. MULTISPECTAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 1 of 26 Radar Developer’s Kit – Lite (RaDeKL) Hardware Level Interface Control Document (ICD) Revision Number: 2.00 Revision Date: August 2007 Prepared by: Multispectral Solutions, Inc. 20300 Century Boulevard Germantown, MD 20874
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 © 2006 Multispectral Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved. Multispectral Solutions 20300 Century Blvd. Germantown, MD 20874 Phone 301-528-1745 FAX 301-528-1749 This document is Confidential and Proprietary and is for the use of Multispectral Solutions, Inc. personnel only, except to the extent that permission is expressly granted elsewhere. In any event, no part of this document may be reproduced or redistributed in any form without the express written consent of Multispectral Solutions, Inc. MULTISPECTAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 2 of 26 REVISION HISTORY Issue No. Issue Date Originator Details of Change 1.00 August 10, 2006 David Wu Initial draft 2.00 August 1, 2007 Lester Foster Update for FCC Testing 2.10 October 5, 2007 Lester Foter Update for FCC Certification
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 © 2006 Multispectral Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved. Multispectral Solutions 20300 Century Blvd. Germantown, MD 20874 Phone 301-528-1745 FAX 301-528-1749 This document is Confidential and Proprietary and is for the use of Multispectral Solutions, Inc. personnel only, except to the extent that permission is expressly granted elsewhere. In any event, no part of this document may be reproduced or redistributed in any form without the express written consent of Multispectral Solutions, Inc. MULTISPECTAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 3 of 26 NOTE: The RaDeKL radar unit has been tested to comply with FCC Part 15, Subpart C for Wideband Transmitter (WBT) devices. Changes or modifications to the radiating elements of RaDeKL not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. NOTE: The RaDeKL radar unit has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: —Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. —Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. —Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. —Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 4 of 26 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................7 1.1 WBT DESCRIPTION......................................................................7 1.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION...............................................................8 1.3 SYSTEM OPERATION.................................................................10 2 HARDWARE CONNECTIONS................................................................12 3 USB INTERFACE ...................................................................................13 3.1 RADAR INTERFACE COMMANDS .............................................13 3.1.1 LOW LEVEL COMMAND SYNTAX ...................................13 3.1.2 LOW LEVEL RESPONSE SYNTAX ..................................13 4 MEMORY MAP.......................................................................................15
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 5 of 26 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1: MEASURED TIME AND FREQUENCY RESPONSES FROM MSSI C-BAND TRANSMITTER ......................................................................................... 7 FIGURE 2: WBT RADAR SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM 8 FIGURE 3: SURFACE-TO-SURFACE RADAR OPS WITH MULTIPATH 10 FIGURE 4: THE AFFECT OF MULTIPATH ON RADAR PERFORMANCE FOR A RADAR MOUNTED AT A TWO METER HEIGHT AND A TARGET AT ONE METER HEIGHT 11
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 6 of 26 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: WBT RADAR PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (30 MWATT VERSION) 9 TABLE 2 REGISTER MEMORY MAP .................................................................15
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 7 of 26 1 INTRODUCTION This Interface Control Document (ICD) provides information on the design and operation of Multispectral Solutions Inc.’s (MSSI’s) Wideband Transmitter (WBT) pulse Radar Developer’s Kit – Lite (RaDeKL) radar. The WBT pulse radar provides a very low radiated average power waveform in C-Band by using a low duty cycle, short pulse waveform. The radar was initially designed to detect the intrusion of small targets within a secure perimeter. The radar has subsequently been modified to provide the return signal strength from reflections of objects within the antenna field of view as a function of range. The user interface has been appropriately modified to provide received signal magnitude as a function of range. This document provides the hardware level interface commands to set radar control parameters, direct the radar to sample the environment and collect the return data. 1.1 WBT Description WBT refers to a technology based on short pulses of Radio Frequency (RF) energy. To achieve such broad bandwidth waveforms, WBT signals utilize pulses that typically contain nanosecond bursts of RF energy. 0 1 2 3 4 5 Nanoseconds Figure 1: Measured Time and Frequency Responses from MSSI C-Band Transmitter By virtue of their ultra short peak output and low duty cycle, WBT pulses typically exhibit extremely low average power. For example, MSSI’s FCC approved 30 milliwatt
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 8 of 26 peak power tag has an average transmit power level of only 0.2 nanowatts making it equivalent to about one ten millionth (1/10,000,000) of a typical cell phone. Of particular importance is the fact that MSSI’s WBT signal generation can be achieved through the use of readily available low-cost components. These short, multiple nanosecond pulses generate a correspondingly wide frequency domain response, in many ways similar to the spreading observed with conventional direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS). With WBT, however, the spread bandwidth is generated directly and not by modulation with a spreading sequence such as pseudo-noise (PN) code. Thus, WBT is essentially a time-domain concept in which an extremely short pulse generates an extremely wide bandwidth signal expressed by the direct Fourier transform relationship between time and frequency. The resulting very low energy densities result in a waveform which is exceedingly difficult to intercept and, as a consequence, very unlikely to cause interference to other wireless systems. There are two primary reasons for non-interference. First, MSSI’s transmitter operates at a higher frequency range than 802.11. Second, as stated previously, the energy transmitted on a per unit Hz basis is so low that it is undetectable by other receivers. 1.2 System Description A block diagram of the radar is shown below in Figure 2. Figure 2: WBT Radar System Block Diagram The radar system is composed of three major components. The first is the return signal processing and user data interface card. This card controls the radar WBT pulse Processing Circuit CardImpulsSourc PulsShapin Bandpass FilteBandpass FilteLNDiodDetectorVideConditioningFPGDetectorBia STAntennaC-Band UWB TransmitterUSB - C-Band UWB ReceiverRF Circuit Card PoweConditioning 7 - 33 V Communications PoweAdjustableAttenuator DetectorBia STC-Band UWB TransmitterUSB - 7 - 33 V Powe
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 9 of 26 transmissions and the high speed return signal processing. The second component is the WBT radio front end circuit card with transmitter which provides short pulse transmissions spanning the frequency range from 6.0 to 6.5 GHz and the receiver radio frequency front end which conditions the signal for return processing. The last component is the dual antenna array providing an antenna each for the transmitter and receiver to minimize the insertion losses of a switch or circulator. Radar performance characteristics are summarized in Table 1 below. Table 1: WBT Radar Performance Characteristics (30 mWatt Version) RF Characteristics Center Frequency 6.35 GHz Bandwidth 400 MHz (-3dB) Peak Power 50 mW EIRP Antenna Gain 12 dBi w/4x4 array Antenna FOV 40 deg AZ x 40 deg EL System Performance Primary Power 1.0 Watt (7.2-35 V supply) Range Extent 256 range bins w/variable offset Range Resolution 1.0 foot Data Interface USB 2.0/1.1 Physical Characteristics Circuit Card Stack Size 2.25 x 3.5 x 0.6 in w/shield Individual Antenna Size 2.5 x 2.5 x 0.375 in Circuit Card Stack Weight 80 grams Individual Antenna Weight 25 grams MSSI’s patented radar operates by transmitting and receiving a single WBT pulse. Upon transmission, the digital processor initiates a timer/counter. The receiver RF front end filters and amplifies the return, passing the signal to the high speed diode amplitude detector. After a measured time has elapsed corresponding to the minimum range to initiate detection, the diode detector video output is compared to multiple voltage threshold levels to determine relative signal strength return. The video stream is sampled with one nanosecond time steps corresponding to six-inch radar range bins. This receiver processing technique permits a fast and simple analog-to-digital conversion of the return signal amplitude over the entire range space in one transmitted pulse. Since the receiver measures return signal power amplitude, the receiver does not depend on relative motion of the target but rather only its presence. As a consequence, the detector is capable of detecting very slow moving targets. The above process is repeated and signal magnitude
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 10 of 26 levels are chosen based upon their exceeding threshold 13 out of 16 times. By re-sampling the radar field of view using different threshold settings, it is possible to improve return signal amplitude resolution to improve the understanding of the reflective radar environment. Since the radar was developed to support radar signal processing, the antenna beam pattern is shown in the following figures for different frequencies and elevation and azimuth planar cuts. These figures represent the general antenna pattern characteristics. The true pattern will vary slightly from the one shown in the figure. The actual antenna pattern must be determined with a calibration range. 1.3 System Operation One important phenomenon that is necessary to understand for the operation of the radar is the effect of multi-path on surface-to-surface radar detection performance. When the radar is mounted near the ground with targets near the ground, the reflection from the earth in the transmit and receive paths provides some cancellation of the direct path signal due to the fact that these ground bounce paths are slightly longer with a phase reversal upon reflection. Figure 3 illustrates the potential signal paths between the radar sensor head and the target. Figure 3: Surface-to-Surface Radar Operation with Multipath Since the reflections combine with the direct path signal, the radar return will observe both constructive and destructive interference depending on the heights sensor head and target and the range between the sensor head and target. Figure 4 shows the variation of hahtRha-htha+htLdirect = (ha-ht)2+ R2Lreflect = (ha+ht)2+ R2θ (Incidence Angle)1324Reflectivity of the surfacehahtRha-htha+htLdirect = (ha-ht)2+ R2Lreflect = (ha+ht)2+ R2θ (Incidence Angle)1324Reflectivity of the surface
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 11 of 26 performance signal strength due to multipath propagation for radar with a two meter height with a target centered at one meter. Figure 4: The Affect of Multipath on Radar Performance for a Radar Mounted at a Two Meter Height and a Target at One Meter Height 100101102103Range (m)Multipath Gain 2 m ant. (dB)-8-6-4-2024100101102103Range (m)Multipath Gain 2 m ant. (dB)-8-6-4-2024100101102103Range (m)Multipath Gain 2 m ant. (dB)-8-6-4-2024
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 12 of 26 2 HARDWARE CONNECTIONS Each radar unit has the following external connections: • ON/OFF Switch • Power LED indicator • USB Connector (Note unit does not power over USB) • Power Jack (2.5mm) – Unit requires external power with voltage between 7.2 and 35 volts.
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 13 of 26 3 USB INTERFACE RaDeKL uses the FT2232 dual channel USB chip from FTDI. Please reference the D2XX Programmer's Guide when writing your own software to control the RaDeKL radar. Please note that when scanning the USB bus using the FTDI drivers, each radar device will show up as two devices because of the dual channel nature of this chip. Channel A is reserved for future use and therefore should not be used to communicate to the radar device. Channel B is configured as the communication endpoint to the radar. 3.1 Radar Interface Commands The entire operation of the radar unit is controlled by writing to registers at certain address locations. The only two commands that the radar can interpret are read and write commands. Using FTDI driver calls, a packet of five bytes is sent to the radar per command instruction. From these instructions, the user is able to configure the radar and ultimately command it to take a single or continuous measurements of the radar return pulse. 3.1.1 Low Level Command Syntax Write: <0x77><address_msb><address_lsb><data><0xFF> Read: <0x72><address_msb><address_lsb><quantity><0xFF> Each command is five bytes long. The first byte is the command type – 0x77 for writes and 0x72 for reads. These are the only two commands type currently supported. Additional commands may be added in the future. If a command type is not understood by the radar, the entire command packet is ignored. The next two bytes is the 16-bit address. Depending on the type of command, the fourth byte is either the actual data to be written or the quantity of bytes to read. For reads with quantity greater than one, the address value is the starting address for the block read. Finally, the last byte is the termination character. 3.1.2 Low Level Response Syntax Write: <0x234><0x234><0x234><range_bin1>…<range_bin256><0xFF> Normally the radar will not give a response when issued a write command to any of the radar-setting registers. To verify that the write was successful, you may elect to do a
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 14 of 26 follow-up read to confirm. However, when commanded to do radar detection via register (address) 0x1, the radar will return the above response. Here, the first three return bytes are delimiter character, follow by 256 range bin bytes, and finally the termination character. For continuous detections, the same return-byte pattern is sent. Read response: <address_msb><address_lsb><data>…<data><0xFF> The response for read commands is the address bytes followed by the number of data requested and then the termination byte.
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 15 of 26 4 MEMORY MAP The registers are located within the address space as described in the table below. Table 2 Register Memory Map Address Description 0x00 FIRMWARE VERSION ID 0x01 DETECTION 0x02 INTERVAL DURATION 0x03 RF CONTROL 0x04 TX GAIN 0x05 RX ATTENUATION 0x06 RANGE 0x07 DELAY 0x08 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD1 0x09 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD2 0x0A SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD3 0x0B SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD4 0x0C SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD5 0x0D SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD6 0x0E SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD7 0x0F SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD8 0x10 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD9 0x11 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD10 0x12 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD11 0x13 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD12 0x14 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD13 0x15 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD14 0x16 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD15 0x17 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD16 0x18 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD17 0x19 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD18 0x1A SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD19
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 16 of 26 0x1B SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD20 0x1C SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD21 0x1D SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD22 0x1E SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD23 0x1F SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD24 0x20 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD25 0x21 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD26 0x22 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD27 0x23 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD28 0x24 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD29 0x25 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD30 0x26 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD31 0x27 SENSITIVITY THRESHOLD32 FPGA Registers Notes 1. Writing values into unused register bits has no effect. However, to ensure software compatibility with future, feature-enhanced versions of this product, unused register bits must be written with logic 0. Reading back unused bits can produce either a logic 1 or a logic 0; hence, unused register bits should be masked off by software when read. 2. All configuration bits that can be written can also be read back. 3. Writable register bits are cleared to logic 0 upon reset unless otherwise noted. 4. Writing into read-only register bit locations does not affect FPGA operation.
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 17 of 26 Register 0x00: FIRMWARE VERSION ID Bit Type Function Default Bit 7 R FPGA_VERS[7] X Bit 6 R FPGA _VERS[6] X Bit 5 R FPGA _VERS[5] X Bit 4 R FPGA _VERS[4] X Bit 3 R FPGA _VERS[3] X Bit 2 R FPGA _VERS[2] X Bit 1 R FPGA _VERS[1] X Bit 0 R FPGA _VERS[0] X FPGA_VERS[7:0] This register indicates the version ID of the FPGA load. It is incremented from 0 to indicate FPGA revisions.
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 18 of 26 Register 0x01: DETECTION Bit Type Function Default Bit 7 RESERVED 0 Bit 6 RESERVED 0 Bit 5 RESERVED 0 Bit 4 RESERVED 0 Bit 3 RESERVED 0 Bit 2 R/W PERFORM_CONT 0 Bit 1 RESERVED 0 Bit 0 R/W PERFORM_DETECT 0 PERFORM_DETECT Set this bit high to perform a single detection. This bit resets itself when operation is complete. The return is three preamble bytes (0x234) follow by 256 bytes of amplitude return data (one binary byte per range bin) and a termination byte. PERFORM_CONT Set this bit high to perform continuous detections. Manually reset this bit to stop continuous detections.
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 19 of 26 Register 0x02: INTERVAL_DURATION Bit Type Function Default Bit 7 RESERVED 0 Bit 6 RESERVED 0 Bit 5 RESERVED 0 Bit 4 RESERVED 0 Bit 3 RESERVED 0 Bit 2 R/W INTVL_DUR[2] 1 Bit 1 R/W INTVL_DUR[1] 0 Bit 0 R/W INTVL_DUR[0] 0 INTVL_DUR[2:0] This register sets the time duration interval between successive RADAR detections. This value is used during Continuous Radar Detections. The table below specifies the duration values: INTVL_DUR[2:0] Time Value 000 1 Sec 001 500 ms 010 250 ms 011 100 ms 100 50 ms
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 20 of 26 Register 0x03: RF_CONTROL Bit Type Function Default Bit 7 R/W RX_ENABLE 0 Bit 6 RESERVED 0 Bit 5 RESERVED 0 Bit 4 RESERVED 0 Bit 3 RESERVED 0 Bit 2 RESERVED 0 Bit 1 RESERVED 0 Bit 0 R/W CNTRL_REG_RESET 0 CNTRL_REG_RESET This bit resets the digital control registers when set high. All registers will reset to their default values. Any active radar operation will terminate as well. RX_ENABLE This bit controls the switched power supply on the RF receiver board – “high” to turn on, “low” to turn off. During normal operation, the RF receiver gets switched on automatically during detection and switched off thereafter. This is to conserve battery life. This bit should be left in the default off value.
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 21 of 26 Register 0x04: Transmitter Gain Bit Type Function Default Bit 7 RESERVED 0 Bit 6 RESERVED 0 Bit 5 R/W TX_GAIN[5] 1 Bit 4 R/W TX_GAIN[4] 1 Bit 3 R/W TX_GAIN[3] 0 Bit 2 R/W TX_GAIN[2] 1 Bit 1 R/W TX_GAIN[1] 0 Bit 0 R/W TX_GAIN[0] 1 TX_GAIN[5:0] The TX GAIN register controls the power output level of the RF transmitter. Max power is achieved when this register is set at 0x3F. Each numeric value below this level corresponds to an 0.5 dB attenuation from the max. Examples of some typical settings are shown below. TX_GAIN[5:0] TX Power 0x3F Max (0dB) 0x3D -1dB 0x39 -3dB 0x33 -6dB 0x2B -10dB
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 22 of 26 Register 0x05: Receiver Attenuation Bit Type Function Default Bit 7 R/W RX_ATTN[7] 0 Bit 6 R/W RX_ATTN[6] 0 Bit 5 R/W RX_ATTN[5] 0 Bit 4 R/W RX_ATTN[4] 0 Bit 3 R/W RX_ATTN[3] 0 Bit 2 R/W RX_ATTN[2] 0 Bit 1 R/W RX_ATTN[1] 0 Bit 0 R/W RX_ATTN[0] 0 RX_ATTN[7:0] The RX ATTENUATION register sets the receiver attenuation level. If the return signal is so strong that it saturates the receiver front end, set Max power is achieved when this register is set at 0x3F. Each numeric value below this level corresponds to an 0.5 dB attenuation from the max. Examples of some typical settings are shown below. RX_ATTN[7:0] RX Level 0x00 Min (0dB) 0x5B -10dB 0x9D -20dB
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 23 of 26 Register 0x06: RANGE Bit Type Function Default Bit 7 R/W RANGE[7] 0 Bit 6 R/W RANGE[6] 0 Bit 5 R/W RANGE[5] 0 Bit 4 R/W RANGE[4] 0 Bit 3 R/W RANGE[3] 0 Bit 2 R/W RANGE[2] 0 Bit 1 R/W RANGE[1] 0 Bit 0 R/W RANGE[0] 0 RANGE[7:0] This register sets the beginning range in 512 feet intervals where the unit will start to sample the return energy. A value of 0x00 means that the unit will look at objects from 1 – 256 feet. A value of 0x01 is for the range of 513 – 769 feet, and so forth for higher values. Although valid values for this register are from 0x00 to 0xFF, the maximum range is highly dependant on transmitter power, antenna gain, and receiver sensitivity.
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 24 of 26 Register 0x07: DELAY Bit Type Function Default Bit 7 R/W DELAY[7] 0 Bit 6 R/W DELAY[6] 0 Bit 5 R/W DELAY[5] 0 Bit 4 R/W DELAY[4] 0 Bit 3 R/W DELAY[3] 0 Bit 2 R/W DELAY[2] 0 Bit 1 R/W DELAY[1] 0 Bit 0 R/W DELAY[0] 0 DELAY[7:0] This register sets the delay value in 8 feet intervals when the unit will start sampling the return energy. This register, along with register 0x06 (RANGE), allows for specified distances to be monitored. A value of 0x00 means that the unit will not delay and start sampling immediately. Each delay value will shift the 256 range bins by (DELAY[7:0] * 8) feet.
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 25 of 26 Register 0x08 – 0x27: SENSITIVITY_THRESHOLDx Bit Type Function Default Bit 7 R/W SEN_THRESHx[7] 1 Bit 6 R/W SEN_THRESHx[6] 0 Bit 5 R/W SEN_THRESHx[5] 1 Bit 4 R/W SEN_THRESHx[4] 0 Bit 3 R/W SEN_THRESHx[3] 0 Bit 2 R/W SEN_THRESHx[2] 0 Bit 1 R/W SEN_THRESHx[1] 0 Bit 0 R/W SEN_THRESHx[0] 0 SEN_THRESHx[7:0] These registers set the threshold level to compare against the return energy signal from the receiver. Setting the threshold level too sensitive (exceeding or within the noise floor of the receiver) may cause many false triggers resulting in false alarms. Note each sensitivity threshold settings (register 08h – 27h) are independent of each other. They may be set arbitrarily relative to each other, but in general, are set in an ascending or descending numeric order. Sensitivity Threshold00.511.522.533.50 50 100 150 200 250 300DAC SettingThreshold Voltage
RaDeKL Radar ICD 107-201-001 ISSUE 2.10 MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 26 of 26 The noise floor of the receiver is around 3.0V ± 50mV, thus the usable sensitivity threshold range is from 0V – 3.0V (corresponding to a setting from 0x00 to 0xEA).

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