Wave Wireless Networking SL8500 Spread Spectrum Transmitter User Manual SPEEDLAN manual

Wave Wireless Networking Spread Spectrum Transmitter SPEEDLAN manual

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SPEEDLAN 8300/8350 & 8400/8450 Installation and Operation User Guide -1 Version 1.0 / Last Revised August, 2000Wave Wireless Networkinga SPEEDCOM Wireless Company1748 Independence Blvd. C-5Sarasota, FL 34234941-358-9283www.speedlan.comSPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User GuideVersion 1.1 / Last Revised March 21, 2002Wave Wireless Networkinga SPEEDCOM Wireless Company7020 Professional Parkway EastSarasota, FL 34240941-907-2300www.wavewireless.com

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Contents-1Chapter 1 - Introduction .................................................................................. 1-1Product Description and Contents................................................................................................1-2SPEEDLAN 8530 Complete Multipoint System ...............................................................1-2SPEEDLAN 8250 Building-to Building System ................................................................1-2SPEEDLAN 8510 to Add On to a Multipoint System .......................................................1-3Installation Kit Contents ...............................................................................................1-3Product Features ........................................................................................................................1-3SPEEDLAN 8500 IDU Features ............................................................................................1-3ISP Functionality..........................................................................................................1-3Transparent Ethernet Bridging with Advanced Filtering for Security and Network Reliability.1-4IP Routing with Advanced Filtering for Security ...............................................................1-4Wireless Multipoint Protocol .........................................................................................1-4SNMP Management ....................................................................................................1-4Additional Functionality ...............................................................................................1-4SPEEDLAN SNMP Features...........................................................................................1-5ISP Features................................................................................................................1-5IP-Router Features .......................................................................................................1-5Encryption Features (Add-on Option) ............................................................................1-5SPEEDLAN 8500 Indoor Unit (IDU) ......................................................................................1-5SPEEDLAN 8500 Outdoor Unit (ODU) .................................................................................1-6Chapter 2 - Quick Start .................................................................................... 2-1Rooftop and Tower Installations Warning .....................................................................................2-2Installation Steps ........................................................................................................................2-2SPEEDLAN 8500 Instructions ...............................................................................................2-3Installation Diagrams..................................................................................................................2-6SPEEDLAN 8500 Series ODU..............................................................................................2-6Chapter 3 - Hardware....................................................................................... 3-1Drawings of Components ...........................................................................................................3-2SPEEDLAN 8500 IDU (Front Panel) ......................................................................................3-2SPEEDLAN 8500 IDU (Back Panel).......................................................................................3-3SPEEDLAN 8500 ODU Hardware................................................................................................3-4Antenna ....................................................................................................................................3-4Flat Panel Antenna..............................................................................................................3-4Restoring Factory Default Settings on the SPEEDLAN 8500 IDU......................................................3-5Upgrading the Firmware .............................................................................................................3-6Chapter 4 - Overview of Configurator ............................................................ 4-1Installation and Setup .................................................................................................................4-2Windows 95/98/NT 4.0 SPEEDLAN Configurator .................................................................4-2Toolbar and Menus....................................................................................................................4-2File Menu ..........................................................................................................................4-2Configuring a SPEEDLAN IDU ......................................................................................4-2Configuring a Saved Configuration File ........................................................................4-3Exporting and Importing a Configuration.......................................................................4-3The Toolbar .......................................................................................................................4-4

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Contents-2The Menu Bar ....................................................................................................................4-4Quick Overview of Other Menus..................................................................................4-5Chapter 5 - Configuring SPEEDLAN .............................................................. 5-1General Setup ...........................................................................................................................5-2 Interface & Advanced Interface Setup..........................................................................................5-5Interface Setup ...................................................................................................................5-5Advanced Interface Setup ....................................................................................................5-6The Setup Buttons ......................................................................................................................5-6Setup 1 Button - Ethernet Setup............................................................................................5-6Setup 2 Button - 11 Mb RF Interface Setup ...........................................................................5-7Transport Methods ......................................................................................................5-8Advanced Button - 11 Mb RF Interface Setup...............................................................5-10Frequency Button - 11 Mb Frequency Setup ................................................................5-11Security Button - 11 Mb RF Security Setup ...................................................................5-12Chapter 6 - Bridging Setup.............................................................................. 6-1IDU Setup..................................................................................................................................6-2Protocol Filtering ................................................................................................................6-3Edit Button - Ethernet Protocols.....................................................................................6-3MAC Filtering.....................................................................................................................6-4Advanced Features Button ...................................................................................................6-5Storm Thresholds Button......................................................................................................6-7Tunnel Partners Button ........................................................................................................6-8Chapter 7 - Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup) ............................ 7-1Part I - Quick Overview of IP Addressing ......................................................................................7-2What is an IP address?........................................................................................................7-2Internet Address Classes......................................................................................................7-3In fact, IP defines five classes:.......................................................................................7-4Subnetting a Network..........................................................................................................7-5What is a Subnet? .......................................................................................................7-6What is a Subnet Mask? ..............................................................................................7-6Diagram of Subnetting a Network.................................................................................7-7How does a network administrator assign an IP address? .......................................................7-8What is DHCP? ..................................................................................................................7-8Figure of DHCP Addressing .........................................................................................7-9What is NAT?...................................................................................................................7-10Diagram of Outgoing NAT................................................................................................7-11Diagram of Incoming NAT ................................................................................................7-12Part II - Setting Up the IP Address...............................................................................................7-13Enabling the DHCP Client and Choosing the Appropriate Interface.......................................7-14Enabling the DHCP Server on the SPEEDLAN ......................................................................7-15Assigning a Static IP Address..............................................................................................7-18Part III - Setting Up NAT............................................................................................................7-20Outgoing NAT .................................................................................................................7-20Incoming NAT ..................................................................................................................7-22

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Contents-3Chapter 8 - IP-Router Setup ............................................................................ 8-1IP Routing Setup.........................................................................................................................8-2Add/Direct Button...............................................................................................................8-3Add/Indirect Button.............................................................................................................8-4More Button - RIP Routing ...................................................................................................8-5Chapter 9 - SNMP Setup .................................................................................. 9-1SNMP Setup ..............................................................................................................................9-2Chapter 1 0 - System Access Setup............................................................. 10-1System Access Setup.................................................................................................................10-2Chapter 11 - SNMP Monitoring ..................................................................... 11-1Remote Statistics ......................................................................................................................11-2Interface Monitor .....................................................................................................................11-5Ethernet-like Interface Monitor...................................................................................................11-8SectorPRC Station Entries ........................................................................................................11-1011Mb RF Interface .................................................................................................................11-12SNMP Monitor .......................................................................................................................11-14SNMP Messages Received ...............................................................................................11-14SNMP Messages Sent......................................................................................................11-16IP Monitor .............................................................................................................................11-17IP/TCP/UDP Monitor ..............................................................................................................11-20TCP...............................................................................................................................11-20UDP ..............................................................................................................................11-22ICMP Monitor ........................................................................................................................11-23ICMP Messages Received ................................................................................................11-23ICMP Messages Sent.......................................................................................................11-24Chapter 12 - Tables........................................................................................ 12-1System Information...................................................................................................................12-2IDU Learn Table.......................................................................................................................12-3IP ARP Table ............................................................................................................................12-4IP Route Table .........................................................................................................................12-6IP/TCP Connection Table..........................................................................................................12-8IP/UDP Listener Table ...............................................................................................................12-9Local IP-Address Table............................................................................................................12-10Chapter 13 - Analyzing Wireless Equipment............................................... 13-1Select Another Device...............................................................................................................13-2Analysis Polling Interval.............................................................................................................13-3Wireless Link Test .....................................................................................................................13-3Antenna Alignment...................................................................................................................13-8

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Contents-4Glossary for Standard Data CommunicationsAppendixesAppendix AProtocols & Ethernet AddressesCommon Ethernet Protocols.......................................................................................................... 2Common Ethernet Vendor Addresses ............................................................................................. 4Common Ethernet Multicast Addresses......................................................................................... 14Common Ethernet Broadcast Addresses ....................................................................................... 15Appendix B Startup LED PatternsStartup LED Patterns ..................................................................................................................... 2

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 1-2 IntroductionProduct Description and Contents The SPEEDLAN 8500 series provides high performance 11 MB interconnectivity between buildings and offers an alternative to Telco leased and fiber optic lines. The SPEEDLAN 8500 series also "up-converts" the 2.4 GHz radio to the 5.8 GHz band (during transmit), and "down converts" 5.8 GHz to 2.4 GHz on receive. No user adjustment, configuration or provisioning is required.The SPEEDLAN 8500 series offers three different systems:SPEEDLAN 8530 Complete Multipoint SystemThis is a complete 5.8 GHz point-to-multipoint system designed to connect three remote buildings at distances up to 3 miles (5 Km). This system contains everything required for a base station and three remote buildings including:•(4) IDU bridges with 10/100 Ethernet interface •(4) 100’ IF cables •(4) 5.8 GHz ODU •(1) 17 dBi 60 degree sectorial base station •(3) 23 dBi 5.8 flat panel antenna•(1) 17 dBi sectoral antenna•(4) Installation Kit SPEEDLAN 8250 Building-to Building SystemThis 5.8 GHz system is designed for building-to-building connectivity at distances up to 5.5 miles (8.8 Km). This system contains everything required to link two buildings including:•(2) IDU bridge with 10/100 Ethernet interface •(2) 100’ IF cables •(2) 5.8 GHz ODU •(2) 23 dBi 5.8 flat panel antenna•(2) Installation Kit

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Introduction 1-3 SPEEDLAN 8510 to Add On to a Multipoint SystemIf you need to connect an additional building to a multipoint-system that is already in place, then use this add-on. This will also provide 5.8 GHz in the building as well. This system includes:•(1) IDU •(1) 100’ IF cable •(1) 5.8 GHz ODU•(1) Installation Kit •Antennas are sold separately (no antenna included with 8510)Installation Kit ContentsThe Installation Kit contents include:•Product registration card•SPEEDLAN CD containing: Product manual and Configuration management software•Electrical tape•U-bolt antenna hardware•Cable sealant putty•Lightning arrestor•Grounding clamps•Wire zip ties•DC injectorProduct FeaturesSPEEDLAN 8500 IDU FeaturesISP FunctionalityThe SPEEDLAN 8000 products are tailored to fit the needs of Internet Service Providers and Broadband Telecommunications Providers. Two features particularly useful to Internet Service providers are the additional of Network Address Translation (NAT) and Dynamic Host Server Protocol (DHCP). NAT helps to ensure network security and allows an entire company to share a single global IP address for communication on the Internet. For example, a company can provide its clients with just one IP address, allowing access to the company’s firewall only. DHCP servers provide efficient use of IP addresses by assigning them dynamically or statically to the wireless IDU location. DHCP

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 1-4 Introductionallows network administrators to assign dynamic IP addresses for the period of time needed to connect to the Internet or network, whereas static IP addresses are beneficial to users that need to maintain a "constant" connection. This reduces the load on the entire wireless network.Transparent Ethernet Bridging with Advanced Filtering for Security and Network Reliability SPEEDLAN 8500 products support what is known as Transparent Ethernet Bridging with no Spanning Tree or Source Routing support. Since the SPEEDLAN 8500 IDUs provide network security between a local LAN and a campus or enterprise wide network, and since using multiple IDUs in a Spanning Tree could compromise this security, the Spanning Tree scenario is not supported. In addition, the SPEEDLAN 8500 IDUs can filter packets based on protocol type or MAC address pairings. These features can add a significant measure of security and network reliability to a network interconnection. IP Routing with Advanced Filtering for Security The SPEEDLAN 8500 IDUs support IP Routing in addition to bridging. It can be used to add routing capability when an IP router may be a more appropriate choice. Wireless Multipoint ProtocolSectorPRC features provide multipoint networking, improved performance, and increased reliability. In multipoint networks, the IDU central base station manages the flow of data within the radio cell. When necessary, packets are repeated or retransmitted by this IDU, allowing communications between multiple remote networks by using the IDU CPE.SNMP Management SNMP wireless and wired link management may be administered from any Ethernet network or remotely from the Internet. The SNMP MIB II, IDU MIB, and Ethernet-Interface MIB come with the IDUs, so you can use SNMP to monitor a number of SPEEDLAN 8500 parameters, including RF-signal quality and noise level. Additional Functionality •Split component design provides maximum link distance•10/100BASE-T Ethernet Interface •Bridging Features •Protocol Transparent Bridging •IP Routing

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Introduction 1-5 •Filtering by Ethernet Multicast, Broadcast and Bad Packets •Filtering by Protocol •Filtering by Ethernet Address Pair •Generic Ethernet Tunneling through IP Networks•Learned Table Lockdown •Expanded IP ARP Support •Automatic Broadcast Storm Protection and Notification •Supports up to 48 Remote BuildingsSPEEDLAN SNMP Features •IP "ping" Support •IP SNMP Support (MIB II, Ethernet, Interface, SNMP, and IDU MIB) •IP SNMP WaveLAN •IP SNMP Trap Support •SNMP Access Lists ISP Features•DHCP Server•Outgoing and Incoming NATIP-Router Features •IP Static Routing with Direct and Static Routes •ICMP Messages, Default Router, and Subnet Support •SNMP Support for All Router-Related MIB Variables •RIP Support Encryption Features (Add-on Option) •Data Encryption of Wireless Packets SPEEDLAN 8500 Indoor Unit (IDU)The SPEEDLAN 8500 Indoor Unit (IDU) presents unparalleled performance and features for any organization needing high-speed connectivity between enterprise LAN-to-LAN applications such as school or campus network connections, banking, manufacturing, hospitals and clinics. This enables

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 1-6 Introductiona central Ethernet LAN to be connected with one or more branch office LANs up to 7.5 miles(12 Km). The SPEEDLAN 8500 IDUs present a significant breakthrough in LAN connectivity by offering these high performance IDUs that outperform other wireless spread spectrum systems in the industry. These IDUs contain full remote SNMP management and security in an affordable package. This enables you to monitor a number of SPEEDLAN 8500 parameters including RF-signal quality and noise level, as well as transparent bridging with advanced filtering for security and network reliability.The SPEEDLAN 8500 IDUs are mounted inside the building and connect to the outdoor antenna using up to 200 feet of low loss RF antenna cable.SPEEDLAN 8500 Outdoor Unit (ODU)The SPEEDLAN 8500 Outdoor Unit (ODU) provides bi-directional frequency (translation) from the 2.4 GHz band to the 5.8 Ghz band. It allows the use of existing WLAN equipment on the 5.8 GHz band, especially since this band provides relief from the interference which is present on the 2.4 GHz band in many areas. The 5.8 GHz band is also useful for backbone or backhaul use. All functions of the SPEEDLAN 8500 ODU are transparent to the user, which means no adjustments are required. Channel assignment and network set-up are both performed at the radio card (or access point).

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 2-2 Quick StartRooftop and Tower Installations Warning Rooftop, tower and mounted equipment (IDUs) installations are extremely dangerous and incorrect installation can result in death, injury, or property damage. These installations must be performed by professional antenna installers only. Important Notes:•ODUs cannot be mixed. Each node on a link, or network for multipoint links, must use the same ODU type.•No item substitutions are allowed.•There is no Single Device Adapter for the SPEEDLAN 8500 series, and Wave Wireless Net-working does not intend to produce one in the future.•The lightning arrestor, included with each product, must be placed between the IDU and ODU. For more information, see Installation Diagrams, page 2-6.Installation Steps Installation instructions are specific to customers who purchased Installation Kits from Wave Wireless. To view a diagram of the installation instructions below, see Installation Diagrams, page 2-6. The directions below contain installation procedures for the items included in the SPEEDLAN 8500 antenna (and amplifier) kit. If you do not have an item included in the instructions below, contact Wave Wireless Networking. If you are having trouble and need a full site installation, contact Wave Wireless Networking for services and fees.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Quick Start 2-3 SPEEDLAN 8500 InstructionsTo install the SPEEDLAN 8500, do the following: Step 1. Line of SightBefore installing the antenna and ODU, make sure a clear line of sight exists. Line of sight can be defined as each antenna having a clear transmission path between the two antennas with no physical obstructions (e.g., trees, buildings, hills, etc.). Be sure to look level with the center of origin of the transmission (the middle of the antenna). Do the same from the remote location. Any disruption of the signal path due to trees, buildings or any other obstructions may cause the link to function improperly. If you see any such obstruction between the two antennas, move one or both antennas to a different location on the building, or install on antenna mast or tower to gain height.Step 2. Mount the Antennaa) On a side building mount, as in the diagram at the end of this section, position the bracket so there will be at least three feet (one meter) above the roof line of the building where the pole is attached; this leaves room for the antenna and reduces signal loss from building reflection. b) Allow for as much space between the wall brackets as possible while still maintaining the antenna height that is necessary. For extended poles, additional wall brackets may be nec-essary.c) Assemble the antenna and mount it to the pole using the U-bolt hardware included in the installation kit. Make sure all bolts and screws are fastened tightly.d) Fasten the pole to the brackets. Position the antenna, point it in the appropriate direction, and tighten the screws.Step 3. Mount the ODU to the mast or towera) Mount the ODU case to the mast or tower using the U-bolt mounting hardware included in the installation kit. The RF connectors would not face downward but sideward. For more details, see Installation Diagrams, page 2-6. b) Tighten bolts with an open-end wrench, but do not overtighten them.c) Make sure you mount the ODU as far away as possible from the other radio transmitters, regardless of their frequency range. Make sure there are no obstructions in front of the antenna. d) Waterproof the connectors using cable sealant putty provided in the installation kit.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 2-4 Quick StartStep 4. Run the CablingThe installation kit comes with two lengths of cable with ready made connectors that fit your particular installation.a) Attach the shorter cable from the ODU to the antenna, making sure the connectors are screwed on tightly.b) Attach the lightning arrestor to the end of the shorter cable.c) Attach the longer cable to the lightning arrestor.d) Drill the hole needed to get through the wall, being very careful not to drill into power con-duits or other utilities in the wall.e) Feed the cable through the wall and run it to the SPEEDLAN IDU.f) Fasten all cabling securely to the pole and walls using clamps and zip ties. Do not run cable over electrical devices such as fluorescent lights because these devices will interfere with the operation of the IDU. Be careful when pulling or fastening the cable that unnecessary pres-sure does not break your connectors.g) Seal all outdoor connections with the black electrical tape and black sealant insulation putty that comes in the installation kit. First, wrap the connectors tightly with the tape. Then, care-fully wrap the connectors evenly with the insulation putty, making certain to leave no cracks that would allow water to penetrate the seal.Step 5. Ground the Antennaa) Mount the lightning arrestor to a solid surface.b) Run the grounding wire from the lightning arrestor to a proper ground source, such as a grounding rod or roof ground wire.c) Perform a bench test to make sure the equipment is working properly.d) Seal the entire lightning arrestor with the black waterproof sealant insulation putty that comes in the installation kit. Note: The lightning arrestor is NOTNOTNOTNOT waterproof.Step 6. Connect the Wireless IDU to the Power Supplya) Make sure the switch on the power supply is set to the proper voltage (110V or 230V AC).b) Connect the power cord’s IEC 320 female outlet to the IEC 320 male power inlet on the back panel of the SPEEDLAN IDU.c) Connect the power cord to an external power outlet (110V or 230V AC).

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Quick Start 2-5 d) Mount the DC injector indoors, as shown in the installation diagram at the end of this sec-tion. Attach the DC injector to a flat surface using screws or bolts through the mounting flanges. Do not over set the power supply. The DC injector will inject the DC power to oper-ate to amplify into the transmission line, which allows the coaxial cable to carry RF and DC power to the ODU mounted on the mast or tower. Make sure that the DC injector is grounded as well. Step 7. Connect the Wireless IDU to any Available Outlet of the Ethernet LANa) Connect the RJ-45 connector on a standard Ethernet cable to the RJ-45 port on the back panel of the IDU.b) Connect the other end of the Ethernet cable to your Ethernet hub, switch or router.Step 8. Repeat If NeededRepeat Steps 1-6 for all of the SPEEDLAN 8500 IDUs that will be communicating with this one.Step 9. Check Functionality Using the LED Indicators.When the installation is complete, activate the SPEEDLAN IDU. The radio will automatically transmit a “hello” packet to the other IDU(s) to initiate communication. When a remote IDU is located, the IDU will synchronize themselves with each other once communication is established. Then, the IDU will start forwarding data packets to the wireless LAN that is connected to them. When the IDUs are “handshaking” correctly, you will see the receive and transmit lights blink on and off as they communicate. As the IDUs forward data back and forth to one another, you may occasionally see a collision light on the display panel. This is a normal aspect of networking. A solid collision light displayed on the front panel indicates that the particular interface is not able to detect a link. If you think the IDU is not configured or operating properly, try troubleshooting the problem by seeing Appendix B Startup LED Patterns, page Appendix B-1.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 2-6 Quick StartInstallation DiagramsSPEEDLAN 8500 Series ODU The diagram below displays where the main components are located and how the signal is up converted from 2.4 GHz to 5.8 GHz. All outdoor cable connections and lightning arrestors must be insulated with waterproof electrical putty. DC injector AntennaLightning arrestoror routerr5.8 GHz(e.g., LMR 400)2.4 GHz RF cablingRouter, switchor hubIDUNetworkNetworkis groundedLightning arrestorODU (this example shows a flat panel antenna)

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 3-2 HardwareDrawings of Components SPEEDLAN 8500 IDU (Front Panel) •RxThis light will blink whenever a packet is received on the related interface.•TxThis light will blink whenever a packet is transmitted on the related interface.•CollisionThis light will blink whenever a collision occurs. It will remain “solidly lit” when a link cannot be established on that interface.•Port 1Wireless Interface.•Port 210/100 Base-T LAN Interface.•Forwarding Rate/Bandwidth UtilizationPercentage of wireless bandwidth currently being used.•Link IntegrityGives a visual indication of the RF signal strength.•Power Switch/ButtonUsed to activate power to the IDU. Ports:Port 1: WirelessInterfacePort 2: 10/100 Base-TLAN InterfaceReceivingBlinkingLightTransmittingBlinkingLight CollisionBlinking Light Forwarding Rate/Bandwidth UtilizationPower ButtonTransmissionQuality

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Hardware 3-3 SPEEDLAN 8500 IDU (Back Panel)•Power InputAC power input.•DC Amp PowerProvides power for optional external amplifier.•RF Cable Input/OutputInterface for RF cable. The connector used for this port is a reverse TNC bulkhead.•Factory DefaultPlaces the SPEEDLAN into a factory default mode for troubleshooting purposes. •Base BootPuts the IDU in a mode to accept a firmware upgrade. Not to be used for any other purpose.•10/100Base-T Ethernet PortStandard RJ-45 Ethernet port. The Ethernet interface is capable of operating either 10 or 100 Mbps. By default it is configured for 10 Mbps Ethernet.•Serial NumberThe silver sticker on the back of the SPEEDLAN is where you will find the serial number of your IDU. All products are tracked using their respective serial numbers. If you ever need technical assistance, we will need the serial number to determine the exact build of your equipment.ScrewsFanPower InputDC AmpPowerRF CableInput/OutputFactory Base Boot SwitchEthernetPortDefaultSwitchSPEEDLAN1) This device may not cause harmful interference.2) This device must accept any interference that may cause undesired operation. WarningDo not connect units back-to-back without RF signal attenuation.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 3-4 HardwareSPEEDLAN 8500 ODU HardwareAntenna Flat Panel AntennaThe SPEEDLAN 8500 series uses a flat panel antenna. This antenna provides a gain level of 23 dBi, which works with the 8520 and 8530 models. There is also a 17 dBi sectoral that works with the 8530 model. Contact Wave Wireless Networking for more information.(inside building) ODUDC InjectorTo DC injectorPower LEDTo p o w e r s u p p l yTo radioTo amplifierTo a n t e n n a

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Hardware 3-5 Restoring Factory Default Settings on the SPEEDLAN 8500 IDU To restore the factory default settings on the IDU, do the following:1Turn off the SPEEDLAN IDU. 2Connect the PC to the IDU using a crossover Ethernet cable or using 2 Straight-through cables and a hub. 3Under the Network Neighborhood on your PC, change your IP address to 198.17.74.195 and assign a Subnet Mask of 255.255.255.0. You will also need to remove any gateways that were defined in your TCP/IP properties. 4You will be asked if you want to reboot your PC. Click Ye s. 5On the back panel of each IDU, depress the small black Factory Default switch to the UP position. For normal operation the switch should be depressed in the down position. Power-up the IDU and let it reboot. 6The IDU is temporarily in factory default mode. 7On your PC, start the SPEEDLAN Configurator. 8From the File menu, choose Open Remote Config. 9In the space for IP Address, enter 198.17.74.254. This is the IP Address of the IDU while in factory default mode. Click on OK, and then OK again. You should see a message con-firming that the IDU configuration was read properly. 10 From the File menu, choose Save Remote Config. 11 All the configuration settings on the IDU have now been returned to a factory default state. You may now configure the IDU for operation on your network.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 3-6 HardwareUpgrading the Firmware You will need to update your firmware if the old one is damaged or additional functionality has been added. To upgrade the firmware, do the following: 1Turn the SPEEDL AN IDU o ff. 2Connect the PC to the IDU using a crossover Ethernet cable, or using 2 Straight-through cables and a hub. 3Under the Network Neighborhood on your PC, change the IP address to 198.17.74.195 and assign a Subnet Mask of 255.255.255.0. You will also need to remove any gateways that were defined in your TCP/IP properties. 4You will be asked if you want to re-boot your PC. Click Ye s . 5On your PC, start the SPEEDLAN Configurator. 6From the File menu, select Open Config. Then, select the appropriate .Bin file. 7Then from the File menu, choose Upload Software. A dialog box will appear with an IP address in it. Click Scan; this will bring up another dialog box with the IP Address of the SPEEDLAN. This IP Address will be 198.17.74.254. At this point click OK, and confirm the IP Address in the first dialog box is 198.17.74.254. Then, click OK again. 8Next a menu will appear requesting a MAC Address, as well as a Passkey. You can only receive these from Wave Wireless. You will enter these two variables and click the OK but-ton. There will be a sequence of dialog boxes, which will warn you that you are about to reload the Flash ROM with a new .Bin file. Click OK for all of them. This will cause the IDU to reboot. 9Allow the IDU to reboot normally. 10 The IDU has now been updated with a new .Bin file. You may now configure the IDU to operate on your network.

4-2 Overview of ConfiguratorSPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User GuideInstallation and SetupWindows 95/98/NT 4.0 SPEEDLAN Configurator To install the SPEEDLAN Configurator, do the following:1Shut down all programs and applications. Note: The SPEEDLAN Configurator uses library files, which reside on your Windows 95/98/NT 4.0 PC. If a program or application is open, the Setup will not install correctly. If the Configurator is not installed correctly, the IDU could be rendered and inoperable after saving a configuration. 2Insert the CD into your floppy drive (i.e., Drive E, F, etc.). 3If the setup.exe program does not execute automatically, click Start + Run. The Run dia-log box appears. Click Browse and locate the setup.exe where your CD-ROM drive is located. Then, click Open and OK. 4Follow the installation prompts. 5After the installation is complete, restart your computer. Toolbar and MenusFile Menu The Windows 95/98/NT 4.0 Configurator will configure either a remote Flash ROM in the IDUs or configure a SPEEDLAN file saved on your computer. You can configure a SPEEDLAN file on your computer and download it to the IDUs later after you have verified that all settings are correct. This can make reconfiguring your IDU a quick operation if you have the completed configuration already saved to your computer. Configuring a SPEEDLAN IDU To configure a remote (network attached) IDU, you can use the Open Remote Config and Save functions. You must have a IDU configuration opened with the Configuration Utility before any configuration functions are performed. After you have opened the remote device and configured it, you can then save your configuration back to the open device. When you `Save' back to the remote device, its Flash ROM will be erased and reprogrammed with the new configuration. After you save the configuration, wait the required 15-second period. This allows the Flash ROM to be fully programmed and enables the IDU to reboot with the new configuration.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Overview of Configurator 4-3 Turning off the IDU, or otherwise interrupting the reprogramming of the Flash ROM, can damage the programming of the IDU, and render it inoperable. Note: Anytime you make changes in Frequency, IP Routing, or Network ID, start with the IDU furthest away from your current location. This will allow you to com-plete your changes without having to physically go to each location. Configuring a Saved Configuration File To configure a saved CNF file (configuration file), open it from the File menu by using the Open function. Then, configure the file just as if you were configuring a remote IDU. When you are finished configuring the file, save it to disk from the File menu using the "Save Config File As..." function. The "Open Remote Config..." and "Save Config" functions are used for accessing and saving directly to the IDU without using a file saved on diskette. Be careful when you save the configuration file that you do not save the configuration directly to the SPEEDLAN; otherwise, you will be configuring the IDU and may not be able to re-access it after uploading the incorrect configuration to it. Exporting and Importing a Configuration Once you have opened a remote IDU, you can take a "snapshot" of the current configuration with the "Save Config File As..." function. This function will result in creating a CNF file. The extension .CNF is used to denote the special exported binary configuration file. The CNF file created with the "Save Config File As..." function can later be imported into another IDU by using the "Import Config File..." function, then saving the configuration to the IDU using the "Save Config" function.

4-4 Overview of ConfiguratorSPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User GuideThe Toolbar Note: The functions on the toolbar can also be accessed from the menus on the Configurator (i.e., Save can be accessed from the File menu). The Menu Bar •The File Menu - This is the most common menu and is used to perform the following functions: •Open Config File - This opens a configuration file from disk. •Open Remote Config - This opens the configuration file directly from a remote device. •Save Config - This saves the configuration you are working on to the place where you opened it. •Save Config File as - This saves the current configuration into a file on disk. This file will have the extension .CNF. •Import Config File - This opens a configuration file from disk. This function is used when you are going to save the configuration from disk to a remote IDU. •Upload Software - This enables you to load a raw and unconfigured binary file to the IDU. This is done only in the event that the IDU's firmware has been damaged. •Reboot Remote - This is used to reboot a IDU from a remote location. •Exit - This closes the SPEEDLAN Configurator. Open Open SaveSave SelectRemoteRemoteDevice UploadSoftware SystemInformationHelp

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Overview of Configurator 4-5 Quick Overview of Other Menus •View Menu - This menu is used to change the display of the Configurator's various items. •Setup Menu - This menu is used to modify all aspects of the IDU. •Monitor Menu - This menu is used to monitor the IDU's performance and monitor another IDU. •Analyze Menu - This menu is used to select another IDU and perform various tests (i.e., interval test, wireless link test, or antenna alignment test) •Help Menu - This menu is used to troubleshoot questions pertaining to the SPEEDLAN Configurator.

4-6 Overview of ConfiguratorSPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User GuideNotes:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 5-2 Configuring SPEEDLANGeneral Setup This dialog box activates the features to configure your IDUs. To select this dialog box, choose General Setup from the Setup menu of the SPEEDLAN Configurator. Select the appropriate check boxes as described below: •Enable BridgingThe transparent bridging function will be enabled when this is item is selected. If you want the IDUs to perform the bridging function, you must select this check box. When bridging is enabled, the IDU Setup dialog box will be accessible. Bridging should be enabled for nearly all applications of the IDU. The default is ON. • Enable IP RoutingThe transparent routing function will be enabled when this is item is selected. IP Routing will work properly only if the routes are set up in the IP Route dialog box. If the routes are not set up properly before you save the configuration, the router will become inoperable. The default is OFF.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Configuring SPEEDLAN 5-3 • Enable Data EncryptionThis optional feature allows you to encrypt wireless data transmissions on top of the encryption provided by the radio. It provides 56-bit DES encryption. It is not shipped standard as part of the IDU. If you did not purchase it when you originally bought the IDU, it can be purchased later as a software upgrade. Data encryption is disabled by default. Select the box labeled Enable Encryption to enable the encryption features. You will still need to define at least one encryption key before your wireless traffic will be transmitted using wireless data encryption. To do this, return to the drop-down menu presented when you click on Setup. Now you will see a Data Encryption Setup item added to the menu list. Select Data Encryption Setup. Click the DES Encryption button and enter an 8 digit alhpanumeric string in the range of "a-z", "A-Z", and "0-9". Examples: Alphanumeric: a5F2z4wK Warning: This setting must be set to the same value for the IDUs that will be communicating together. Failure to set them to the same value will prevent any communications from taking place. For example, in order to use a multipoint link, you must use the same Encryption setting on the base station and on the CPE IDU. •Enable Remote Bridging using IP TunnelsSPEEDLAN IDUs support a special feature which will enable Ethernet packets of any protocol type to be encapsulated in IP packets and sent to other IDUs (purchased from Wave Wireless) for de-encapsulation. This method can be used to setup virtual Ethernet LANs between several points using an IP network as the transport layer. •Enable Advanced Network Monitoring SupportThis option is not available at this time. •Enable IP Security Counter MeasuresThis option is not available at this time. •Enable Access ControlThis option is not available at this time. •Enable Digital Alarm Monitoring and ReportingThis option is not available at this time. •*Enable Outgoing Network Address TranslationThis option enables a company to map the private network’s IP address into one or more global network IP addresses. This means outsiders will only view the single (or more if desig-nated) IP network address assigned for global viewing on the Internet. For more informa-tion, see Part III - Setting Up NAT, page 7-20.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 5-4 Configuring SPEEDLAN•*Enable Incoming Network Address TranslationThis option enables a company to unmap public network IP addresses into network IP addresses. For more information, see Part III - Setting Up NAT, page 7-20. •*Enable DHCP ServerThis option enables the DHCP Server on the SPEEDLAN. For more information, see Part III - Setting Up NAT, page 7-20.•Enable Access Point Radius AuthenticationThis option is not available at this time•Enable SectorPRC Radius AuthenticationThis option is not available at this time. •Enable IP/UDP/TCP Security FiltersThis option is not available at this time. •Enable AppleTalk Security FiltersThis option is not available at this time. •Enable Novell Security FiltersThis option is not available at this time. • Enable Watchdog Reboot TimerThis feature instructs the IDU to reboot in the event that the IDU fails to receive any incom-ing packets, from any port, for a period of 10 minutes. The IDU will assume an error has occurred and will reboot. If, after the IDU reboots, it does not receive an incoming hello sig-nal, the IDU will listen for the hello signal until the user reboots the IDU manually. The Watchdog will recognize when a signal has been re-established and will reset the timer accordingly.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Configuring SPEEDLAN 5-5 Interface & Advanced Interface Setup Interface Setup To set up the basic interface, choose Interface Setup from the Setup menu on the SPEEDLAN Configurator. The interfaces that are installed in your IDU will be represented on this dialog box. The Remote check box is used to designate which interfaces will be considered local and remote. The local interface is considered to be the interface that connects directly to the local LAN with respect to the IDU. The remote interface is considered to be the interface that connects with the remote LAN. The set up buttons are used to access the portion of the configuration which controls how the individual interfaces are configured.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 5-6 Configuring SPEEDLANAdvanced Interface Setup To set up the advanced interface, choose Advanced Interface Setup from the Setup menu on the SPEEDLAN Configurator. The Advanced Interface Setup contains a few more advanced settings, but they are set up in the same manner. Note that the Max Tx rate is available on both the Interface Setup and Advanced Interface Setup. Max Tx Rate is useful to ISPs that want to regulate the maximum bandwidth provided to each customer. These settings should not be changed without the assistance of a Wave Wireless Networking Technical Support Engineer. The Setup Buttons Setup 1 Button - Ethernet Setup To modify the Ethernet Setup, click the Setup 1 button on the Interface Setup or Advanced Interface Setup dialog box. SPEEDLAN IDUs come standard with a 10/100 Base-T interface to connect to your wired network. Although the interface is capable of operating at both 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps, it does not use autosensing or autoswitching functionality. The default setting is for 10 Mbps half-duplex operation. If you want to connect your IDUs to a 100 Mbps port, the Ethernet interface can be manually switched to 100 Mbps in this portion of the setup. The interface also supports full-duplex operation when connected to either a 10 or 100 Mbps LAN port. The default setting is for half-duplex. The interface can be configured to operate in the full-duplex mode by selecting it on this dialog box.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Configuring SPEEDLAN 5-7 Setup 2 Button - 11 Mb RF Interface SetupTo modify the 11 Mb RF Interface Setup, click the Setup 2 button on the Interface Setup or Advanced Interface Setup dialog box. This dialog box displays the configuration settings that control the individual interfaces and how they communicate with each other. On the next page, you will find a description of the settings, as well as how they affect the IDU's performance of the interfaces. Note: Clicking the Setup buttons (1 and 2) on the Interface & Advanced Interface Setup dia-log box will open the Setup dialog box (for the interface selected).

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 5-8 Configuring SPEEDLANTransport MethodsThe industry compatible method of transmitting and receiving data over wireless networks will cause data packets to frequently be lost. This is due to the fact that a wireless network does not have the ability to detect collisions like a wired Ethernet network. On an Ethernet network, collisions can be detected by the hardware and are automatically retransmitted. Ethernet is referred to as CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection). Wireless networks are CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance). Collisions cannot be detected because wireless cannot receive and transmit at the same time. This means IDUs are not able to listen for collisions. A IDU that is operating properly in a point-to-point network will loose, due to collisions, less than 1% of the transmitted packets. This packet loss is not normally a problem with protocols such as Novell IPX (without the Burst Mode NLM), but may cause networks using most other protocols to experience poor performance. SectorPRC helps to alleviate this problem by placing multiple packets into one larger packet, which saves bandwidth by eliminating the extra overhead. The transport methods are described:This actually controls the "Link Integrity" lights on the front panel of the IDU, and it is turned ON by default. Wave Wireless highly recommends that you leave it enabled.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Configuring SPEEDLAN 5-9 •SectorPRC Mode (No Base Station/IDU)This method of transportation is used only for point-to-point links. If any of the IDUs are unable to see each other, a base station must be used to repeat traffic from one IDU to next IDU in line. This point-to-point mode utilizes SectorPRC packet bundling, which reduces the amount of overhead caused by sending smaller individual packets across the wireless network. This greatly improves the performance of the connection. •SectorPRC Mode (This is a Non-Polling Base Station/IDU)This setting should be used if this is the only base station in the wireless network cell. SPEEDLAN has a special mode where one wireless IDU can be configured as a base station and each additional wireless node is setup as a CPE IDU. In this configuration the only requirement is that each SPEEDLAN CPE be able to communicate directly with the SPEEDLAN base station. The SPEEDLAN base station is responsible for repeating packets that need to travel between the SPEEDLAN CPE. The Non-Polling Base does not allocate dynamically bandwidth to each remote IDU. The performance of this approach is greatly improved if the SPEEDLAN base station is connected to the heaviest network or network server. •SectorPRC Mode (This is a Polling Base Station/IDU)This is the recommended mode of operation for a wireless base station. When the number of CPE exceed 3 or 4, the non-polling base station may not be able to keep up with the wireless traffic that needs to be forwarded. The polling base station alleviates this problem by continuously communicating with every SPEEDLAN CPE in its cell. It is also responsible for dynamically assigning how much bandwidth is allocated to each remote site based on the network traffic load. This greatly improves the performance of a SPEEDLAN base station wireless network cell. As the number of SPEEDLAN CPE IDUs increase, the importance of a polling base station increases and efficiency is proportionately improved. •SectorPRC (This is a Remote Station/IDU)This is the configuration required for remote IDUs that will be installed as CPE into a multi-point wireless network (SPEEDLAN CPE). In this mode, a SPEEDLAN CPE will only communi-cate with a base station. This mode cannot be used for point-to-point links. TIP

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 5-10 Configuring SPEEDLANAdvanced Button - 11 Mb RF Interface SetupThe Advanced button is located to the left of the Frequency button. Clicking this button will open a new dialog box that allows you to change the Network ID and rate of the interface. •Network IDThe Network ID is a security setting that allows the IDU to reject packets from other wireless IDUs in the area. Although the bridging or routing table would reject the packet once it was processed, the Network ID allows the IDU to reject the packet with less processing. This improves the performance of the IDUs in installations where many wireless IDUs are co-located in the same area or where other organizations may be running wireless IDUs of their own. The default setting is 0 and the valid range is 0 to 15. This setting must be set to the same value for the IDUs that will be communicating together. Failure to set them to the same value will prevent any communications from taking place. For example, in order to use a multipoint link, you must use the same Network ID setting on the base station and on each CPE IDU. •RateThis setting refers to the RF data rate. The SPEEDLAN 11 Mbps radios have four data rates that can be used: •HighThis is the full 11 Mbps data rate. The interface default to this value and it is recom-mended that you operate using it for most installations. The receiver sensitivity of the radio with this setting is -82 dBm. •MediumThis setting limits the card to providing 5.5 Mbps of bandwidth. The receiver sensitivity of the radio with this setting is -87 dBm.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Configuring SPEEDLAN 5-11 •Standard This setting limits the card by providing 2 Mbps of bandwidth. The receiver sensitivity of the radio with this setting is -91 dBm. •LowThis setting limits the card by providing 1 Mbps of bandwidth. The receiver sensitivity of the radio with this setting is -94 dBm. Warning: This setting must be set to the same value for the IDUs that will be communicating together. Failure to set them to the same value will prevent any communications from taking place. Frequency Button - 11 Mb Frequency SetupThe Frequency button is located to the right of the Advanced button. Clicking this button will open a new dialog box that allows you to change the operating frequency of the interface. All of the IDUs expected to communicate with this device should be configured with the same frequency.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 5-12 Configuring SPEEDLANSecurity Button - 11 Mb RF Security SetupThe Security button is located to the right of the Frequency button. Clicking this button will open a new dialog box that allows you to change the security options of the interface. These settings are used to encrypt data that will be transmitted by the 11 Mb RF port and also to decrypt data that is received by 11 Mb RF port. You may define up to 4 encryption keys to be used for decrypting incoming data and one key for encrypting outgoing data. Check the box labeled Enable Encryption to enable the encryption features. You will still need to define at least one encryption key before your wireless traffic will be transmitted using wireless data encryption. The Encryption Key can be defined using either: •For silver cards - Five alphanumeric characters within the "a-z", "A-Z" and "0-9" range. •For gold cards - 13 alphanumeric characters within the "a-z", "A-Z" and "0-9" range.Note: The alphabetical characters that you entered are "case-sensitive". For Example: Silver card users would enter "Secu1"; and Gold card users would enter "Security Key1". Write down the values you enter as Encryption Keys and store them in a secure place. The values you enter will only be visible when they are entered for the first time. Each time this option is displayed after the initial setup, the values will appear only as "xxxxxxxxxx" .

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Configuring SPEEDLAN 5-13 Warning: This setting must be set to the same value for the IDUs that will be communicating together. Failure to set them to the same value will prevent any communications from taking place. For example, in order to use a multipoint link, you must use the same Encryption setting on the base station and on the CPE IDU. There is also an option to Deny non-encrypted Data. This feature is disabled by default and is designed primarily for multipoint SPEEDLAN installations where it may not be necessary to run using data encryption at all locations. If you enable this option, any data received by this IDU will not be passed to the wired network interface.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 5-14 Configuring SPEEDLANNotes:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 6-2 Bridging SetupIDU SetupEach SPEEDLAN IDU contains an IEEE 802.3 MAC-layer bridging engine. The IDU can be configured to filter or pass any 802.3 frame type protocols, including Novell IPX, TCP/IP, AppleTalk, etc. The IDU can also be configured to filter packets by their destination and origin. This is done using the unique MAC (Media Access Control) addresses that all network interface devices have assigned to them at the factory. IDU Setup is accessed from the main Setup menu of the SPEEDLAN Configurator.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Bridging Setup 6-3 Protocol FilteringBy default, the IDU is configured to pass all network protocols. When you click Edit, you will be presented with a list of protocols which you can select for filtering. After selecting the protocols, highlight them on this dialog box. Then, click IDU or Deny to determine how each protocol will be treated. The radio buttons in the Protocol Filtering box determine how unselected protocols are treated. Edit Button - Ethernet ProtocolsSome common Ethernet protocols and their associated ID numbers have been placed in this table. Select one from this list if you want to set a filter for it.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 6-4 Bridging SetupIf the protocol you want to filter is not presented here, click Custom, Add and enter the hex ID for that protocol. MAC FilteringBy default, the IDU is configured to pass all traffic between all MAC-Address pairs. To add an address pair into the filter, click Add on the MAC Filtering box. First, enter the Remote Address, which will be the MAC Address that resides on the remote side of the IDU. Second, enter the Local Address, which will be the MAC Address that resides on the local side of your connection. The local and remote interfaces are defined on either the Interface Setup or Advanced Interface Setup dialog box. It is recommended that you define the RF port as the Remote Interface (default setting).

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Bridging Setup 6-5 Advanced Features ButtonClicking Advanced displays this dialog box. Select the appropriate check box for your network. The check boxes are described below: •Pass Bad Ethernet SourceThe standard Ethernet IDUs we have tested will pass Ethernet packets with a broadcast or multicast address as their source (i.e., packets with their first bit set to 1). The Ethernet specification for Transparent (i.e. Non-Source-Routing) IDUs does not allow these types of packets, which are considered bad packets. Our studies have shown that a common failure mode of many Ethernet interfaces and networking software is to transmit packets like these. If you do not need to permit Source-Routing packets, we suggest that you deny these packets. The default setting is selected to permit these packets. • Pass Unseen Ethernet SourceStandard Ethernet IDUs will always forward packets with destination addresses that have not been learned (i.e., have not previously been seen as a source address of a packet). This characteristic is needed in order for the Ethernet IDU to operate correctly. The downside to this, as our studies have shown, is the failure mode of many Ethernet interface cards will send out erroneous packets with good CRCs but with random Ethernet destination and source addresses. Standard IDUs will permit these erroneous packets because they have not "learned" the random destination, and then add this packet's random source address to their finite learned table. This situation is not uncommon and can greatly hinder the operation of standard IDUs. If you choose to deny unlearned packets, the IDU will not forward unicast packets to Ethernet addresses that have not already been seen as a source address. This scheme works for most protocols because it relies on the characteristics of most upper-layer protocols to transmit ARP requests or hello packets. After careful testing and consideration, only qualified network engineers should select the Deny option. The default value for this setting is selected.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 6-6 Bridging Setup•Enable Learned-Table LockdownA standard IDU watches the source address of each packet it receives on any of its interfaces. As new addresses are seen, entries are added to the learned table that con-tains each source address and the interface number that address was received on. If a source address is later seen on a different interface, the IDU will immediately change the interface number in the learned-table entry. This condition could happen in a net-work that is operating well if someone moved a computer to a different part of the net-work. This could also happen if someone was trying to capture network packets by fooling the IDU. Enabling learned-table lockdown will prevent the interface number from being changed once the source address has been seen. A standard IDU will also time-out the learned-table records every 10 minutes. If learned-table lockdown is enabled, these records will not be timed out. Once a record is learned, it will not change or be deleted until either the IDU reboots or the learned table become com-pletely filled and needs to be reset. (NOTE: A typical SPEEDLAN learned table can con-tain over 12,000 records.) The default value for this setting is disabled. •Enable Expanded IP ARP SupportEnabling this feature will cause the IDU to also watch the IP/ARP packets that occur on the network. The SPEEDLAN 8500 IDUs take no action in response to IP/ARP packets (since that is the role of an IP router) except to add the IP address to its IP/ARP table. This feature is helpful on an IP network because it will build a database of MAC-layer-address-to-IP address pairs. An SNMP monitoring program, such as the SPEEDLAN Configurator, can at any time extract this information. NOTE: 1) The IP/ARP table is never timed out in this mode. 2) This feature is not available if the IDU is routing IP. The default value for this setting is disabled. •Permit Ethernet BroadcastsStandard Ethernet IDUs will always forward broadcast packets. Many protocols do not use broadcasts (e.g., AppleTalk Phase II, DECnet, and others). However, IP/ARP does use broadcasts. If you do not use IP or any other protocol that requires broadcasts, you can deny them. Shutting off broadcast packets will reduce the traffic being sent across your wireless network link. This will also greatly reduce the number of interrupts that each computer connected to your network experiences. Networks with a high number of broadcasts will slow down the processing of all attached computers, even those that aren't using the network. •Permit Ethernet MulticastsStandard Ethernet IDUs will always forward multicast packets. Some protocols do not use multicast packets, such as TCP/IP and Novell IPX. If you do not use protocols that use multicast packets, you can drop them by disabling multicast on the IDU. This will reduce the traffic that is sent across the wireless network link. In addition, it reduces the number of interrupts that each computer connected to your network experiences.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Bridging Setup 6-7 Storm Thresholds ButtonClick Storm Thresholds to keep broadcast and multicast storms from spreading throughout the network. Network storms are common and can cause IDUs, routers (IDUs), workstations, servers, and PCs to slow down or crash. Storms occur if network equipment is configured incorrectly, if network software is not functioning properly, or if poorly designed programs such as network games are used. These settings are disabled by default. •Address ThresholdThis setting determines the maximum number of broadcast or multicast packets that can occur during a one-second period before a storm condition is declared for a particular Ethernet address (host). Once it is determined that a storm is occurring, any additional broadcast or multicast packets from that host address will be denied until the storm is determined to be over. The storm will be determined to be over when 30 seconds have passed in which every one-second period has less then the stated threshold in broadcast or multicast packets. The settings for broadcast packets and multicast packets are configured independently.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 6-8 Bridging Setup•Interface ThresholdThis setting determines the maximum number of broadcast or multicast packets that can occur during a one-second period before a storm is declared for the assigned interface. Once it is determined that a storm is occurring, any additional broadcast or multicast packets received on that interface will be denied until the storm is determined to be over. The storm will be determined to be over once a one-second period has occurred with no broadcast or multicast packets received on that interface. The settings for broadcast packets and multicast packets are configured independently. • Preset ButtonThis button sets the broadcast and multicast storm thresholds to the recommended values. These values have been determined to offer good protection without interfering with the operation of the typical network. These values may need to be tuned for your particular network. Tunnel Partners ButtonClick Tunnel Partners to encapsulate Ethernet packets received from the local interface in an IP/UDP packet and then send them to one or more tunnel partners. Tunneling can be used to set up virtual Ethernet networks. In the General Setup dialog box, if the Remote Bridging using IP Tunnels is enabled, Tunnel Partners can be set up. This dialog box specifies the IP addresses of each of the IDU/routers that are to participate in the tunnel group. Specify the addresses of all the IDUs that are participating in the tunnel group but DO NOT specify the IP addresses onthis IDU. •Encrypt IDU Tunnel PacketsIf purchased, a IDU (from Wave Wireless) may contain a special software-encryption algo-rithm that is distinct from the optional SPEEDLAN encryption chip on the IDU. If Data Encryption is enabled on the General Setup dialog box and if an Encryption Key is set up in the Data Encryption menu, enabling encryption here will cause all Ethernet packets trans-mitted to tunnel partners to be encrypted and encapsulated inside IP packets. The IP packet itself cannot be encrypted because industry-standard IP routers, like those on the Internet, would not be able to forward the encrypted packets.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Bridging Setup 6-9 Generic Ethernet Tunneling(Through an IP Network)LAN ALAN CLAN BInternet orCampus IPNetworkStandard Ethernet PacketEthernet PacketEncapsulated in IP/UDPEthernet PacketEncapsulated inIP/UDPStandardEthernet PacketLocalInterfaceRem ote InterfaceThe three IDUs are set up to tunnel oneor more protocols and each is a tunnelpartner to the other two IDUs. Thisconfiguration allows LAN A, LAN B, andLAN C to become a virtual private Ethernetnetwork with the Internet as the transportmechanism for data between them. The encapsulated data packets can be optionallyencrypted to make the virtual privatenetwork more secure.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 6-10 Bridging SetupNotes:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 7Setting Up the IP Addresses(IP Host Setup)

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 7-2 Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)If you do not understand the basics of IP addressing, DHCP, or NAT, please read the next section, Part I - Quick Overview of IP Addressing, below. Otherwise, skip to Part II - Setting Up the IP Address, page 7-13. Part I - Quick Overview of IP Addressing IP Addressing is important because it tells the network how to locate the computers or network equipment connected to it. IP addresses are given so each computer or equipment on the network contains a unique address. In addition, network addresses and node addresses, depending on the Class (A, B, C, etc.), contain their own unique address as well. IP addressing provides the following information: •Provides communication between different platforms and diverse systems •Provides universal data transfer over large geographic distances •Has been "adopted" as a standard in the computer industry What is an IP address? An IP address contains 32 bits of information, which is divided into the following: •Two sections: the network address and the node address (also known as the host address) •To keep it simple, lets call it four bytes (octets) Note: Each octet contains 8 bits, which are equivalent to 1 byte. Each octet is separated by a period (.).The following examples show the conversion of the same IP address into several different formats: •Decimal (130.57.30.56) •Hexadecimal (82.39.1E.38)•Binary (10000010.00111001.00011110.00111000).

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup) 7-3 Internet Address Classes The first octet defines the "class" of the address, which is the only method to tell the size of the network (how big) and where the internet address belongs. There are three main classes: •Class A: 35.0.0.0 •Class B: 128.5.0.0 •Class C: 192.33.33.0 -non-bolded text = Part of network address-bolded text = Part of local address (node section)This definition is not random; it is based on the fact that routers, by reading just the first three bits of the address field, designate which network class it belongs to. This selection simplifies the way routers handle the messages (packets) and speed up the forwarding process.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 7-4 Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)In fact, IP defines five classes:•Class A addresses use 8 bits (1 octet) for the network portion and 24 bits (3 octets) for the node (or host) section of the address. This provides up to 128 networks with 16.7 million nodes for each network. •First byte is assigned as network address •Remaining bytes used for node addresses •Format: network, node, node, node •In IP address 49.22.102.70, "49" is network address and "22.102.70" is the node address—all machines on this network have the "49" network address assigned to them •Maximum of 224 or 16,777,216 nodes •Class B addresses use 16 bits (two octets) for the network portion and 16 bits for the node (or host) section of the address. This provides up to 16, 384 networks with 64,534 nodes for each network. •First two bytes are assigned as network address •Remaining bytes used for node addresses •Format: network, network, node, node •In IP address 130.57.30.56, "130.57" is the network address, and "30.56" is the node address •Maximum of 216 or a total of 65,534 nodes •Class C addresses use 24 bits (3 octets) for the network portion and 8 bits (two octets) for the node (or host) section of the address. This provides 16.7 million networks with 256 nodes for each network. •First three bytes are assigned as network address •Remaining byte used for node address •Format: network, network, network, node •In IP address 198.21.74.102, "198.21.74" is the network address, and "102" is the node address •Maximum of 28 or 254 node addresses

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup) 7-5 •Class D •Range is 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 •Used for multicast packets (i.e., host sends out router discovery packets to learn all of the routers on the network) •Class E •Range is 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 •Reserved for future use Note: Class D & E should NOT be assigned to net assignment of IP addresses. In addition, the first octet, 127, is reserved. In each network definition, the first node number (i.e., "0") is used to define the network, as well as the last number (i.e., "255"). The last num-ber is known as the broadcast address.Public IP addresses can be obtained from the following address: Network Solutions InterNIC Registration Services505 Huntmar Park Drive Herndon, VA 22070 hostmaster@internic.net Note: Non-public addresses can include a network address assigned from the network administrator or from the IP provider. Also, there is one network in each class that is defined for private use, allowing the creation of internal networks. These addresses are Class A: 10.0.0.0, Class B: 172.10.0.0, and Class C: 192.168.0.0. Subnetting a NetworkThe increasing number of hosts and networks make impractical address blocks that are not smaller than 245. In order keep the IP address small, so routers can manage them without changing the whole protocol, a smaller network definition is created. This is called a subnet. Subnets are intended to: •Reduce network traffic •Optimize performance •Simplify management •Create more effective and efficient addresses for large geographic distances

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 7-6 Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)Default Subnet masks•Class A: 255.0.0.0 •Class B: 255.255.0.0 •Class C: 255.255.255.0 Note: Subnet mask is bolded. What is a Subnet? Subnetting allows you to create multiple networks within one Class A, B, or C network. Each data link (octet) contains its own unique identifier also known as the subnet. Also, each node on the same data link must belong on the same subnet as well. What is a Subnet Mask?A subnet mask allows you to mask section(s) (depending on the class specified) of the octets in the network address. Each octet used in the subnet mask is assigned to a data link. The leftover octet(s) are assigned to the remaining nodes. For more information on subnetting, see the example below and Diagram of Subnetting a Network, page 7-7.Example of Subnetting: For example, a Class C network (255.255.255.0) contains three masked octets (255.255.255). The last octet (0) is leftover for remaining nodes (i.e., computers). If Router D is reading IP Addresses 195.172.3.1 (let's call this IP Address 1) and 195.172.3.64 (let's call this IP Address 2) on this Class C network, it would send IP Address 1 to Subnet A and IP Address 2 to Subnet B. The remaining nodes in each subnet (A through D) on this network can contain up to 254 pieces of network equipment (computers, printers, fax machines, IDUs or routers, etc.).

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup) 7-7 Diagram of Subnetting a NetworkStill confused? An easier method to explain this concept is to use the classic "mailing" analogy used in IP addressing. Consider that this network, called Long Street, is four blocks long. There are 254 houses on Long Street, and each block contains 64 houses. Houses 1 to 63 reside on Block A. Houses 64 to 127 reside on Block B. Houses 128 to 191 reside on Block C. Houses 192 to 254 reside on Block D. Think of each block as a subnet. This means that Blocks A, B, C, and D are all part of Long Street, which is also known as the network in this example. The mailman would organize the letters (or IP addresses for network equipment) by creating four piles (one for each block, or subnet). As soon as the mailman picks up pile A in his hand, he knows which block to turn on. This same reasoning applies to piles B, C, and D as well. Router D knows exactly which subnet to transfer (or turn) the packets to by reading its IP and subnet mask address. Note that each subnet on this network is 255.255.255.192. Why is 192 the last octet in the subnet mask and not 64? The last octet, 192, is the mask that allows 64 "houses" to know that the mailman (or router) is coming in advance. The "houses" will know it's mailman "Jim" by looking at the IP number. InternetRouter DRouter BRouter CComputer ComputerComputerComputerComputer Computer ComputerComputer Computer ComputerLong StreetSubnet AIP Address: 195.172.3.1Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192Subnet BIP Address: 195.172.3.64Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192Subnet CIP Address: 195.172.3.128Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192Subnet DIP Address: 195.172.3.192Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192Router A

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 7-8 Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)Note: If the network is managed by a Simple Network Management Protocol for local or Internet access, each IDU must contain a unique IP Address. This is a benefit of static or dynamic addressing. How does a network administrator assign an IP address? IP addresses are supplied by the network administrator, the ISP, or hosting company. The two types of IP addressing—manual (static) and automatic (dynamic) addressing—are described below. •Manual (static) AddressingEach device connected to the Internet must have its own unique IP address. Also, if a computer is being used as a server, you will assign it a permanent IP address. This enables other computers to connect to it. Static addressing is also beneficial to users that need to maintain a "constant" connection to the Internet. This will enable users to easily access the IP address. •Automatic (dynamic) AddressingA DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server assigns the IP address to each computer as the computer connects to the network. If a computer moves to a new network (i.e., great for temporary employees or mobile users), it must be assigned a new IP address for that network. DHCP can be used to manage these assignments automatically. DHCP is described in further detail below. What is DHCP? Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) allows network administrators to assign dynamic IP addresses for the period of time needed to connect to the Internet. Think of DHCP as leasing an apartment. A prospective tenant may not need to live in an apartment for two years, maybe just a year. Therefore, the tenant will only sign a one-year lease agreement. For example, each time a computer is set up to connect to the Internet, the network administrator uses DHCP to automatically assign the computer a unique IP address. That computer will give up its IP address when it is no longer needed (when the lease has ended) allowing new a computer (or a new tenant) on the same network to use it. This benefits educational and corporate settings where users often log on to different computers. In this case more IP addresses outnumber computers because you can quickly reconfigure the network if needed from a centralized location.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup) 7-9 Servers that utilize DHCP resolve security issues, costly IP addressing services, and compatibility problems. DHCP is an alternative to BOOTP, which reduces the agony of assigning static IP addresses and also provides advanced configuration options. Note: The figure on the next page may help you understand how DHCP assigns an IP address. Figure of DHCP Addressing 1The client asks DHCP server for IP address and configuration if needed. 2The DHCP server assigns an available IP address to client. 3The client takes IP address from DHCP server and requests any additional configuration needed. 4DHCP server confirms IP address and configuration.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 7-10 Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)What is NAT? Network Address Translation (NAT) is the conversion of an Internet Protocol address (IP address) used within one network to a different IP address within another network. One network is designated the inside network and the other is the outside network. Network Address Translation (NAT) occurs when there is a translation among an Internet Protocol (IP address) used within one network (designated as inside network) to a different IP addresses within another network (designated as outside network). Network Address Translators (NATs) allow companies to decrease the number of global IP addresses. This enables companies to communicate with other devices on the Internet using a single IP address (or more than one IP address). For example, a company can provide its clients with one IP address, allowing access to the company's firewall only. This IP address is not a "real" address on the company's internal network, but it is successfully translated to the correct IP location through NAT (i.e., NAT router). Therefore, the company controls access through firewalls and provides multiple IP addresses to outside customers without excessive limited resources, or "global" Internet IP protocols.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup) 7-11 Diagram of Outgoing NATAs the packet is transmitted from the private network (in Building B) across the public network (Building A and the Internet), the packet will be re-addressed as 204.101.20.3, also known as the public address. When the packet returns to SPEEDLAN B, the packet will be re-addressed to the IP address of the private network by using the MAC address contained in the header to identify the destination. Inbound Port 80 request is re-addressedto Private address 10.0.0.3. Then, it isforwarded across the private networkInternetEthernet Router 204.101.20.1SPEEDLAN A204.101.20.2HubSPEEDLAN BPrivate Address on Local Interface10.0.0.110.0.0.210.0.0.4EthernetHubPublic Address on Remote Interface204.101.20.3Building A Building B10.0.0.3

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 7-12 Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)Diagram of Incoming NATIncoming NAT allows you to specify ports on the private network that you would like to be available on the public network. For example, if a web server is being hosted on a public network in Building B (IP Address 10.0.0.3), you can create a pair that will specify that all requests on the public IP address, Port 80, be forwarded to IP Address 10.0.0.3 on the private IP address, Port 80.Inbound Port 80 request is re-addressedto Private address 10.0.0.3. Then, it isforwarded across the private networkInternetEthernet Router 204.101.20.1SPEEDLAN AHubSPEEDLAN BPrivate Address on Local Interface10.0.0.110.0.0.210.0.0.4EthernetHubWeb Server10.0.0.3Public Address on Remote Interface204.101.20.3Building A Building B

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup) 7-13 Part II - Setting Up the IP Address The following section discusses DHCP client (and interface), DHCP Server, Static IP addresses, and Outgoing and Incoming NAT.Note: Before you begin, confirm that you have properly read the configuration from the SPEEDLAN IDU you want to configure. Then, perform the following tasks: Open the SPEEDLAN Configurator. From the File menu, choose Open Remote Config.... Then, click Scan. The Scan dialog box appears. Select the appropriate IDU and click OK. Click OK again. A message box appears confirming that the "Configuration has been read from the IDU" (i.e., 128.104.224.1). Click OK. To set up the IP address, do ONE of the following: •Enable DHCP client for dynamic addressing. For more information, see Enabling the DHCP Client and Choosing the Appropriate Interface, page 7-14, OR• Assign a static IP address. For more information, see Assigning a Static IP Address, page 7-18.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 7-14 Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)Enabling the DHCP Client and Choosing the Appropriate Interface Note: Before you begin, confirm that you have properly read the configuration from the SPEEDLAN IDU you want to configure. Then, perform the following tasks: Open the SPEEDLAN Configurator. From the File menu, choose Open Remote Config.... Then, click Scan. The Scan dialog box appears. Select the appropriate IDU and click OK. Click OK again. A message box appears confirming that the "Configuration has been read from the IDU" (i.e., 128.104.224.1). Click OK. To enable the DHCP client and choose the appropriate interface, do the following: 1From the Setup menu, choose IP Setup. The IP Setup dialog box appears. 2Select the Obtain an IP address from DHCP Server option. 3Next, select the interface for Ethernet or wireless network from the Using Interface drop-down list. Make sure that you select the interface where the DHCP server is located. Note: The information for Default TTL should already be entered. The IP host on the Internet sends out each packet with a default "Time to Live" parameter. If you want to override the factory default of 64 attempts, you can specify your new default here. This parameter should not be changed less you are very familiar with IP functionality and how the Time to Live parameter will affect how packets are treated by your network, as well as the network to which you are bridged (or routed).

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup) 7-15 Enabling the DHCP Server on the SPEEDLANNote: Before you begin, confirm that you have properly read the configuration from the SPEEDLAN IDU you want to configure. Then, perform the following tasks: Open the SPEEDLAN Configurator. From the File menu, choose Open Remote Config.... Then, click Scan. The Scan dialog box appears. Select the appropriate IDU and click OK. Click OK again. A message box appears confirming that the "Configuration has been read from the IDU" (i.e., 128.104.224.1). Click OK. To enable the DHCP Server on the SPEEDLAN, do the following:1From the SetupSetupSetupSetup menu, choose General SetupGeneral SetupGeneral SetupGeneral Setup. The General Setup dialog box appears. 2Select the Enable DHCP Server check box; this will enable you to set up the DHCP Server. Note: You do not need to enable NAT (Outgoing and Incoming) in order to use SPEEDLAN’s DHCP Server. Please read the sections of this manual describing those options carefully before enabling either NAT feature.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 7-16 Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)•Enable Outgoing Network Address Translation This feature enables a company to map the private networks IP addresses into one or more global public network IP addresses. This means that outsiders will only view the single (or more if designated) IP network address assigned for global viewing on the Internet. For more information, see Outgoing NAT, page 7-20.•Enable Incoming Network Address TranslationThis feature enables a company to unmap public network IP address into private net-work IP addresses. For more information, see Incoming NAT, page 7-22.3From the Setup menu, choose DHCP Server Setup. The DHCP Server Setup dialog box appears.4Enter the IP range and gateway/router information:•Offered IP Starting AddressThis is the start of the block of allowed IP addresses.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup) 7-17 •Offered IP Ending AddressThis is the end of the block of allowed IP addresses. •Default Router AddressThis is the router that initially accepts or transfers packets to the directly connectednetworks or static networks. •Default Router MaskThis is the subnet mask of the default router.•Lease Time in MinutesThis is the amount of minutes that the computer can use the assigned IP address. When the time is up, the IP address will revert to the pool of available addresses and can be reassigned to another computer. The maximum time is 300 minutes. Note: Click Select to view the IP Mask List. Select the appropriate IP Mask and click OK.5Enter the domain name information:•1st DNS Server IP This setting will specify the client’s first DNS Server.•2nd DNS Server IPThis setting will specify the client’s secondary DNS server.•3rd DNS Server IPIf needed, this setting will specify the client’s third DNS server. •Domain NameThis is the web domain name of the organization on the Internet such as “www.speed-lan.com”. It is not necessary to use the first portion of the domain name leaving the entry as “Speedlan.com”.6Select the interface on which you want to Enable DHCP (i.e., Ethernet or wireless interface). Note: If the requests for an IP address will be received through the wired Ethernet interface, select #1 Ethernet. If the requests will be received through RF interface from a remote PC, select #2 11 Mb RF Interface.7Click OK. 8After you have finished entering the appropriate information, click OK.9Now save the changes to the IDU. From the File menu, choose Save Config. 10 A message box appears informing you that the information will be saved to the IDU or router. Click Yes . 11 The Configurator confirms that the configuration has been saved. Click OK. The SPEED-LAN 8100 & 8200 IDUs will automatically reboot at this point.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 7-18 Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)Assigning a Static IP Address Note: Before you begin, confirm that you have properly read the configuration from the SPEEDLAN IDU you want to configure. Then, perform the following tasks: Open the SPEEDLAN Configurator. From the File menu, choose Open Remote Config.... Then, click Scan. The Scan dialog box appears. Select the appropriate IDU and click OK. Click OK again. A message box appears confirming that the "Configuration has been read from the IDU" (i.e., 128.104.224.1). Click OK. To physically assign a static IP address, do the following: 1From the Setup menu, choose IP Setup. The IP Setup dialog box appears. 2Select the Specify an IP address option. Enter the following information: •Our IP AddressThe unique number assigned by the network administrator, ISP or host provider. This tells network the location (IP address) of this device on the Internet (i.e., 128.104.224.1). •Our Subnet MaskThis term allows network administrators to mask section(s) (depending on the class specified) of the octets in the network address. Each octet used in the subnet mask is assigned to a data link. The leftover octet(s) are assigned to the remaining nodes.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup) 7-19 Note: For more information, see Subnetting a Network, page 7-5. Once the packet has traveled to the appropriate network, it goes through a masking process. A subnet mask is composed of zeros (0s) and ones (1s). This tells the router which addresses to look under and which ones not to look under. Therefore, subnet masking allows the router to transfer the packet traffic more quickly than a network without a subnet. Again, this address is obtained from the network administrator, IP host, or host provider. •Default Router IPIf you have an established network, use the IP address for the router already set up for that network. If you do not have an established network, leave this entry blank. •Default TTLThis information should already be entered. The IP host on the Internet will send out each packet with a default "Time to Live" parameter. If you want to override the factory default of 64 attempts, you can specify your new default here. This parameter should not be changed unless you are very familiar with IP functionality and how the Time to Live parameter will affect how packets are treated by your network, as well as the network to which you are IDUd (or routed). Note: Click Select to view the IP Mask List. Select the appropriate IP Mask and click OK. 3After you have finished entering the appropriate information, click OK. 4Now save the changes to the IDU. From the File menu, choose Save Config. 5A message box appears informing you that the information will be saved to the IDU (i.e., 128.104.22.4). Click Yes. 6The Configurator confirms that the configuration has been saved. Click OK. The computer will reboot at this point. Note: If you want to set up NAT, see Part III - Setting Up NAT, page 7-20.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 7-20 Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)Part III - Setting Up NATThis section explains how to setup outgoing and incoming Network Address Translation (NAT). For more information on outgoing and incoming NAT, see Diagram of Outgoing NAT, page 7-11 and Diagram of Incoming NAT, page 7-12.Outgoing NATTo setup outgoing NAT, do the following:1 From the Setup menu, choose General Setup. The General Setup dialog box appears.2Select the Enable Outgoing Network Address Translation check box. Click OK.3From the Setup menu, choose Outgoing Network Address Translation Setup.4The Outgoing Address Translation Setup dialog box appears.Note: NAT is a useful tool that will be enabled the majority of the time on the remote side of the wireless connection. It is rarely enabled on the base station. NAT is also useful to have private networks connected to public networks (i.e., the Internet) without needing a public IP address for every node. By using only one public IP address, NAT controls who in the private network made a request to an address in the public network. This translates the IP addresses from one side to another, hiding the private network

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup) 7-21 from the public. This means that the public will view only one public and valid IP address.5Enter the appropriate outgoing information:•Public IP AddressThis is the IP address for the outside network. If you have more than one public address, you can assign it to a node on a private network (One-to-One NAT). There-fore, all requests for a particular IP address from the outside or public network will be translated to the appropriate private IP address. This may be necessary if you have a server or workstation (host) that needs to be connected to a remote network.•Private IP AddressThis is the IP address for the inside or private network only, which hides behind the Pub-lic IP address. •Public IP MaskThis address assigns the Subnet mask to the Public (Ethernet) portion of the SPEEDLAN IDU. •Private IP MaskThis address assigns the Subnet mask to the private network interface.Note: Click Select to view the IP Mask List. Select the appropriate IP Mask and click OK.6Click OK.7After you have finished entering the appropriate information, click OK.8Now save the changes to the IDU or router. From the File menu, choose Save Config. 9A message box appears informing you that the information will be saved to the IDU or router. Click Yes . The Configurator confirms that the configuration has been saved. Click OK. The SPEEDLAN 8100 & 8200 IDUs will automatically reboot at this point.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 7-22 Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)Incoming NATTo set up incoming IP network address for NAT, do the following:1From the Setup menu, choose General Setup. The General Setup dialog box appears.2Select the Enable Incoming Network Address Translation check box. Click OK.3From the Setup menu, choose Incoming Network Address Translation Setup.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup) 7-23 4The Incoming Address Translation Setup dialog box appears.5Enter the appropriate incoming information:•Public IP AddressThis is the IP address for the outside network. If you have more than one public address, you can assign it to a node on the private network (One-to-One NAT). Therefore, all requests for a particular IP address from the outside or public network will be translated to the appropriate private IP address. This may be necessary if you have a server or workstation (or computer) that needs to be connected to a remote network. •Private IP AddressThis is the IP address for the inside network only, which hides behind the public IP address. •Private IP MaskThis address assigns the Subnet mask to the private network interface.Note: Click Select to view the IP Mask List. Select the appropriate IP Mask and click OK.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 7-24 Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)6Click Add to enter another IP address/port pair. The Input IP Address/Port Pair dialog box appears. 7Then enter the following information as appropriate. Then, click OK to close this dialog box.•Public IP AddressThis is the IP address for the outside network. All requests for a particular IP address from the outside or public network will be translated to the appropriate private IP address. •Public PortThis item will allow you to assign a particular port that you would like to have one of the private IP addresses to be able to respond to. Here are a few of the more common ports used:FTP - 20 & 21SMTP – 25DNS – 53HTTP – 80NNTP - 119 •Private Server IP AddressThis is the IP address of the server or workstation (or computer) where you want to get the “received message” for this port assignment. •Private Server PortThis is the port where you want to have the server receive the messages.8Click Delete to permanently remove the IP address/port pair selected. Click Edit to modify the IP address/port pair selected. Click OK. You will return to the Incoming Network Address Translation Setup dialog box.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup) 7-25 9After you have finished entering the appropriate information, click OK.10 Now save the changes to the IDU or router. From the File menu, choose Save Config. 11 A message box appears informing you that the information will be saved to the IDU or router. Click Yes . 12 The Configurator confirms that the configuration has been saved. Click OK. The SPEED-LAN 8100 & 8200 IDUs will automatically reboot at this point.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 7-26 Setting Up the IP Addresses (IP Host Setup)Notes:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 8-2 IP-Router SetupIP Routing SetupIP Routing in the General Setup dialog box must be enabled for this dialog box to appear. Then, choose IP Routing Setup from the Setup menu on the SPEEDLAN Configurator. This dialog box must be completed before saving any configuration in which IP Routing has been enabled. Saving the configuration with incomplete entries in the route table will make the SPEEDLAN 8500 IDU inoperable. Enter the appropriate information as described below:•Default Router (IP Address)This entry should be set to the IP address of the default router that the SPEEDLAN 8500 IDU is to use when it does not know where to route a particular IP packet. •Default Router InterfaceThis entry should be set to the interface to which the default router is connected. •Preferred IP AddressFrom time to time routers will transmit unsolicited IP packets such as SNMP Traps, Syslog, RIP, or IP ARP packets. Most routers randomly use one of the IP addresses from one of the router's interfaces as the source IP address for these packets. On the IDU you can specify the source IP address that you prefer to use for these packets.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide IP-Router Setup 8-3 •Default TTLIP hosts on the Internet send out packets with a default "Time To Live" parameter. If you want to override the factory default of 64 attempts, specify your new default value here. • Disable ARP-Cache AgingUse this option if you want to keep a permanent record of the IP to Ethernet addresses table for each computer directly connected to an interface on the IDU. This feature is helpful when used in conjunction with a corporate-wide SNMP monitoring tool to create a database of all Ethernet-to-IP address combinations on your network. A standard IP router and the IDU will age their ARP cache entries. It will time out and delete the ARP entries after a certain specified period (usually 10 minutes). The IDU has the option of not aging (deleting) any ARP cache entries. This will not normally cause any IP network problems, but this could result in a large ARP cache table. Since the typical IDU can hold over 10,000 ARP entries, this is not normally a problem. Add/Direct ButtonClick this button to specify the direct routes for each of the interfaces on the IDU. Direct routes are those that are directly connected to the interfaces. As an example, if Interface 1 is to have subnet 128.146.6.0 connected to it and an IP address of 128.146.6.1 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, an entry in this dialog box should be set up as: IP Address = 128.146.6.1; IP Mask = FFFFFF00; and Interface = 1.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 8-4 IP-Router SetupAdd/Indirect ButtonClick this button to specify the indirect routes for this IDU. These routes are sometimes referred to as static routes. You can use indirect routes to define the way to get to subnets that are attached to other routers in your network. As an example, if subnet 198.17.74.0 is attached to router 128.146.11.20, in order for this IDU to route packets to 198.17.74.1 you should specify an entry that is set up as: IP Address = 198.17.74.0; IP Mask = FFFFFF00; Next Hop = 128.146.11.20 with Cost = 1.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide IP-Router Setup 8-5 More Button - RIP Routing Click this button on the IP Router Setup dialog box to enable RIP. Wave Wireless IDUs support what is known as RIP (Routing Information Protocol). RIP allows users to permit network equipment to communicate with each other to handle the routing plan of your network. Select the appropriate check boxes as described below:• Send RIP Default RouteEnabling this feature instructs the IDU to inform the network (via RIP) that it is the default router for that network. This feature should only be enabled if this IDU is the only default router on the local network. •Send RIP RoutesEnabling this feature instructs the IDU to forward all route information gathered and stored by this IDU through the interface(s) selected. This is normally used in conjunction with Listen to RIP which instructs the IDU to gather RIP information from other RIP devices on your net-work.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 8-6 IP-Router Setup•Listen to RIPThis function enables the IDU to listen for and update its RIP information. The routes gath-ered in this manner come from other RIP-enabled routers on your network. This feature is normally used in conjunction with Send RIP Routes, which instructs the IDU to pass along all RIP information it has gathered to other RIP devices on your network. •Enable Proxy ARPThis feature allows the IDU to be used as the proxy host for users on the local network. This instructs the IDU to act as a "proxy" for the local destination host. This is used in circumstances that require connections not normally permitted for individual users on a network. •Enable BOOTP/DHCP ForwardingThis feature allows the IDU to pass BOOTP and DHCP requests across the wireless network. •Forwarding HostDefines the IP address of the device configured to act as the forwarding host for BOOTP and DHCP messages in a routed network. •Accept RIP For the Following RoutesNormally RIP instructs the IDU to forward all route information gathered to all RIP devices located on you network. Specifying devices in the RIP Access List allows you to limit which devices will be sent RIP. The devices specified in this list will be the only devices to receive RIP, while all other devices will be denied the RIP information stored on this IDU.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 9-2 SNMP SetupSNMP SetupChoose SNMP Setup from the Setup menu of the SPEEDLAN Configurator to set up SNMP. •Read PasswordThis is the read-only password used for SNMP support. It is the SNMP password needed to read the Flash ROM Configuration and SNMP MIB variables. The factory-default value for this variable is the string "public". •Read/Write PasswordThis is the read/write password used for SNMP support. It is the SNMP password needed to write the Flash ROM configuration and SNMP MIB variables into the IDU. The string should be set to a value that is known only by you. The factory-default value for this variable is the string "public" and should be changed to a string known only to you. •System ContactThis field should contain the identification of the contact person for this SNMP-managed node, together with information on how to contact this person. •System NameThis field should contain the administratively assigned name for this managed node. By

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide SNMP Setup 9-3 convention, this is the node's fully qualified Internet Domain name (e.g., "IDU20.speedlan.com"). • System LocationThis field should contain the physical location of this node. (e.g., "telephone closet, 3rd floor"). •Trap Host IP AddressThis is the IP address of a network-connected host that is set up to receive SNMP Trap mes-sages from this IDU. If you do not have an SNMP Trap Host, set this to 0.0.0.0. •Trap Host PasswordThis is the SNMP read/write password (community name) of the host that is set up to receive SNMP Trap messages. This field is ignored if the Trap Host IP Address described above is 0.0.0.0. •SNMP IP Access ListYou can optionally set up a list of networks, subnets, and hosts that are authorized to access the IDU via SNMP. To modify the SNMP Access List, click Add, Delete, or Edit.TIP

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 9-4 SNMP SetupNote:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 10-2 System Access SetupSystem Access Setup Choose System Access Setup from the Setup menu of the SPEEDLAN Configurator to enter a password for the System Access Pass Phrase. This will enable you to create a connection between the equipment or wireless IDUs. The default for the Pass Phrase is "public". All wireless IDUs connected to the IDU are restricted to systems based on the System Access Pass Phrase. Any wireless IDU that does not have the correct System Access Pass Phrase will not be to establish a wireless data connection.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 11-2 SNMP MonitoringTo monitor the SNMP results, choose the appropriate selection by choosing Monitor (on the SPEEDLAN Configurator)+ Advanced + your selection. Remote Statistics In the Remote Statistics dialog box, you are presented with information regarding the way a IDU handles packets as they are passing through an interface. Below you will find many useful items for diagnosing and gathering traffic statistics for each interface. TIP

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide SNMP Monitoring 11-3 •Unicast packets inThe number of subnetwork-unicast packets delivered to a higher-layer protocol. •Unicast packets outThe total number of octets (bytes) transmitted out of the interface, including framing characters. •Non-Unicast packets inThe number of non-unicast (i.e., subnetwork-broadcast or subnetwork-multicast) packets delivered to a higher-layer protocol. •Non-Unicast packets outThe total number of octets (bytes) transmitted out of the interface, including framing characters. •Bytes inTotal number of octets (bytes) received on the interface, including framing characters. •Bytes outThe total number of packets that have higher-layer protocols requested be transmitted to a non-unicast (i.e., a subnetwork-broadcast or subnetwork-multicast) address, including those that were discarded or not sent. •IDU in discardsThe count of valid frames that have been received which were discarded (i.e., filtered) by the forwarding process. •IDU out packetsThe number of frames that have been transmitted by this port to its segment. Note that a frame transmitted on the interface corresponding to this port is not counted by this object unless it is for a protocol being processed by the local bridging function. •In errorsThe number of inbound packets that contained errors preventing them from being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol. •In discardsThe number of inbound packets which were chosen to be discarded even though they were deliverable. One possible reason for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space. •In Alignment ErrorsA count of frames received on a particular interface that are not an integral number of octets in length and do not pass the FCS check. •In FCS ErrorsA count of frames received on a particular interface that are an integral number of octets in length, but do not pass the FCS check.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 11-4 SNMP Monitoring•Out ErrorsThe number of outbound packets that could not be transmitted because of errors. •Out Carrier Sense ErrorsThe number of times that the carrier-sense condition was lost or never asserted when the SPEEDLAN 8500 IDU attempted to transmit a frame on a particular interface. •Out CollisionsA count of successfully transmitted frames on a particular interface for which transmission is inhibited by exactly one or more collisions, plus the number of times that a collision is detected on a particular interface later than 512 bit-times into the transmission of a packet.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide SNMP Monitoring 11-5 Interface Monitor The interfaces table contains information on the IDU's interface(s). Each interface is thought of as being attached to a `subnetwork'. Note that this term should not be confused with `subnet' which refers to an address-partitioning scheme used in the Internet suite of protocols. •TypeThe type of interface, distinguished according to the physical-link protocols immediately below the network layer in the protocol stack. The possible types are: other, regular1822, hdh1822, ddn-x25, rfc877-x25, ethernet-csmacd, iso88023-csmacd, iso80024-tokenbus, iso88025-tokenring, iso99026-man, starLan, proteon-10Mbit, proteon-80Mbit, hyperchannel, fddi, lapb, sdlc, ds1, e1, basicISDN, PrimaryISDN, propPointToPointSerial, ppp, softwareloopback, eon, ethernet-3Mbit, nsip, slip, ultra, ds3, sip, frame-relay.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 11-6 SNMP Monitoring•DescriptionA textual string containing information about the interface. This string should include the name of the manufacturer, the product name, and the version of the hardware interface. •MIB specific definatorA reference to MIB definitions specific to the particular media being used to realize the interface. For example, if the interface is being realized by an Ethernet, then the value of this object refers to a document defining objects specific to the Ethernet. If this information is not present, its value will be set to 0. •Physical AddressThe interface's address at the protocol layer immediately below the network layer in the protocol stack. For interfaces which do not have such an address (e.g., a serial line), this object should contain an octet string of zero length. •Last ChangeThe value of sysUpTime at the time the interface entered its current operational state. If the current state was entered prior to the last reinitialization of the local network-management subsystem, then this object contains a value of zero. •Operational StatusThe state of the interface. The testing state indicates that no operational packets can be passed. Up - ready to pass packets; Down - cannot pass packets; testing - in some test mode. •Admin StatusThe desired state of the interface. The testing state indicates that no operational packets can be passed. •SpeedAn estimate of the interface's current bandwidth in bits per second. For interfaces which do not vary in bandwidth or whose bandwidth can't be accurately estimated, this object should contain the nominal bandwidth. •Max packet sizeThe size of the largest datagram which can be sent/received on the interface, specified in octets. For interfaces used for transmitting network datagrams, this is the size of the largest network datagram that can be sent on the interface. •In octets (bytes)The total number of octets (bytes) received on the interface, including framing characters. •In unicast packetsThe number of subnetwork-unicast packets delivered to a higher-layer protocol. •In non-unicast packetsThe number of non-unicast (i.e., subnetwork-broadcast or subnetwork-multicast) packets delivered to a higher-layer protocol.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide SNMP Monitoring 11-7 •In discardsThe number of inbound packets to which were chosen to be discarded even they were deliverable to a higher-layer protocol. One possible reason for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space. •Out discardsThe number of outbound packets to which were chosen to be discarded even they were deliverable to a higher-layer protocol. One possible reason for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space. •In errorsThe number of inbound packets that contained errors preventing them from being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol. •Unknown protocolsThe number of packets received via the interface which were discarded because of an unknown or unsupported protocol. •Out octets (bytes)The total number of octets (bytes) transmitted out of the interface, including framing characters. •Out unicast packetsThe total number of packets that higher-layer protocols requested be transmitted to a sub-network-unicast address, including those that were discarded or not sent. •Out non-unicast packetsThe total number of packets that higher-layer protocols requested be transmitted to a non-unicast (i.e. a subnetwork-broadcast or subnetwork-multicast) address, including those that were discarded or not sent. •Out errorsThe number of outbound packets that contained errors preventing them from being transmitted via this interface. •Output queue lengthThe total number of octets (bytes) waiting to be transmitted via this interface.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 11-8 SNMP MonitoringEthernet-like Interface Monitor This displays information on the interfaces available for the device selected for Ethernet monitoring. •Alignment ErrorsThese alignment errors appear when the station discards the transmission alignment. Errors received on the Ethernet interface that are not an intergral number of octets in length and do not pass the FCS check. This also applies to FCS Errors below. •FCS ErrorsThese are data link protocols used with the frame check sequence, which allows the receiver to detect collisions. •SQE Test ErrorsThese test errors appear in the System Quality Evaluation process of the interface. •Deferred TransmissionsThese are the number of packets that were tossed.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide SNMP Monitoring 11-9 •Carrier Sense ErrorsThese are errors appearing when two devices are trying to transmit at once. Therefore, a collision occurs and is detected by all sense devices, and the transmission is delayed. •Frames Too LongThis error appears when the data link header is too long. •Single Collision FramesPackets that had a single collision during transmission requiring a single re-transmission. •Multiple Collision FramesPackets that had a multiple collision during transmission requiring a multiple re-transmission. •Late CollisionsA packet that was not delivered to the transceiver on time. •Internal MAC Transmit ErrorsAn internal error within the Medium Access Protocol during the transmission process. •Internal MAC Receive ErrorsAn internal error within the Medium Access Protocol during the receiving process.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 11-10 SNMP MonitoringSectorPRC Station Entries This displays the wireless stations connected to the IDU. •Station NameName of system assigned in the SNMP Setup for a IDU or in the Network Control Panel for Single Device Adapters (Note: Single Device Adapters will only communicate with a SPEED-LAN 8000 series base station. They will appear on the Wireless Remote Entries dialog box of a 4000 series base station, if the base can hear their RF signal.) •TypeValid entries are: Base, Remote, Peer, and Offline. •TransmitNumber of transmissions from the wireless station. •Re-TransmitNumber of re-transmissions from the wireless station. Note: A high number of re-transmit errors usually indicates that the signal quality is poor. G-Link Base 207,568 601 0

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide SNMP Monitoring 11-11 •FailureNumber of transmission failures from the wireless station. Note: Click RF Stats to view the radio frequency statistics for the wireless station connected to the IDU (as shown below). Then, click Back to return to this dialog box. •Station NameName of the IDU. •SignalThe higher the Signal Level, the better. This ratio should be between 50 to 70%. In order for the link to be successful, you should have approximately 20 points higher than the noise. •NoiseThe higher the Signal Level, the better. This ratio should be between 50 to 70%. In order for the link to be successful, you should have approximately 20 points higher than the noise. •SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio)Number of the signal divided by the number of noise. The higher the SNR is, the better.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 11-12 SNMP Monitoring•Excellent, Good, LowThis displays the packet transmission rate. The packet count should be 98% or better. Note: Click Back to return to the SectorPRC information. 11Mb RF Interface This displays the interface(s) connected to the IDU. •Transmitted Fragment CountThe number of frames transmitted. •Multicast Transmitted Frame CountThe number of multicast frames transmitted. •Failed CountThe number of frames that did not transmit. •Multiple Retry CountThe number of multiple attempts to resend a frame.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide SNMP Monitoring 11-13 •Received Fragment CountThe number of frames received. •Multicast Received Frame CountThe number of multicast frames received. •FCS Error CountThe number of data link protocols used with the frame check sequence, which allows the receiver to detect collisions.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 11-14 SNMP MonitoringSNMP Monitor This displays the SNMP messages that are received or sent.SNMP Messages Received •Total MessagesThe total number of SNMP messages received. •Unsupported VersionThe total number of SNMP messages which were delivered to the SNMP protocol entity and were for an unsupported SNMP version.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide SNMP Monitoring 11-15 •Unknown CommunityThe total number of SNMP messages delivered to the SNMP protocol entity which used an SNMP community name not known to the IDU. •Invalid OperationsThe total number of SNMP messages delivered to the SNMP protocol entity which represented SNMP operations not allowed by the SNMP community named in the message. •ASN.1/BER parse errorsThe total number of ASN.1 or BER errors encountered by the SNMP protocol entity when decoding received SNMP messages. •Error-status `too big'The total number of SNMP PDUs delivered to the SNMP protocol entity for which the value of the error-status field was `too big'. •Error-status `noSuchName'The total number of SNMP PDUs delivered to the SNMP protocol entity for which the value of the error-status field was `noSuchName'. •Error-status `badValue'The total number of SNMP PDUs delivered to the SNMP protocol entity for which the error-status field was indicated `badValue'. •Error-status `ReadOnly'The total number of valid SNMP PDUs delivered to the SNMP protocol entity for which the value of the error-status field was `ReadOnly'. It should be noted that it is a protocol error to generate an SNMP PDU which contains the value `ReadOnly' in the error-status field; use this field to detect incorrect implementations of SNMP. •Error-status `genErr'The total number of SNMP PDUs delivered to the SNMP protocol entity for which the error-status field was `genErr'. •Total requested variablesThe total number of MIB objects retrieved successfully by the SNMP protocol entity as the result of receiving valid SNMP Get-Request and Get-Next PDUs. •Total variables setThe total number of MIB objects altered successfully by the SNMP protocol entity as the result of receiving valid Set-Request PDUs. •Get requestsThe total number of SNMP Get-request PDUs accepted and processed by the SNMP proto-col entity.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 11-16 SNMP Monitoring•Get next requestsThe total number of SNMP Get-next PDUs accepted and processed by the SNMP protocol entity. •Set requestsThe total number of SNMP Set-request PDUs accepted and processed by the SNMP proto-col entity. •Get responsesThe total number of SNMP Get-response PDUs accepted and processed by the SNMP pro-tocol entity. •TrapsThe total number of SNMP Trap PDUs accepted and processed by the SNMP protocol entity. SNMP Messages Sent •Total Me ss ag esThe total number of SNMP messages passed from the SNMP protocol entity to the transport service. •Error-status `tooBig'The total number of SNMP PDUs generated by the SNMP protocol entity for which the value of the error-status field was `tooBig'. •Error-status `noSuchName'The total number of SNMP PDUs generated by the SNMP protocol entity for which the value of the error-status field was `noSuchName'. •Error-status `badValue'The total number of SNMP PDUs generated by the SNMP protocol entity for which the value of the error-status field was `badValue'. •Error-status `genErr'The total number of SNMP PDUs generated by the SNMP protocol entity for which the value of the error-status field was `genErr'. •Get requestsThe total number of SNMP Get-request PDUs generated by the SNMP protocol entity. •Get next requestsThe total number of SNMP Get-next-request PDUs generated by the SNMP protocol entity. •Set requestsThe total number of SNMP Set-request PDUs generated by the SNMP protocol entity. •Get responsesThe total number of SNMP Get-response PDUs generated by the SNMP protocol entity.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide SNMP Monitoring 11-17 •TrapsThe total number of SNMP Trap PDUs generated by the SNMP protocol entity. •Authentication Failure TrapsIndicates whether the SNMP agent process is permitted to generate authentication-failure traps. IP Monitor The IDU keeps the standard SNMP MIB II statistics on IP type protocols as indicated below. •Forwarding StatusIndicates whether this entity is acting as an IP gateway in respect to the forwarding of data-grams received by, but not addressed to this entity. IP gateways forward datagrams, and IP hosts do not (except those source-routed via the host). Note that for some managed nodes, this object may take on only a subset of the possible values.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 11-18 SNMP Monitoring•Default TTLThe default value inserted into the Time-To-Live field of the IP header of datagrams originated at this entity, whenever a TTL value is not supplied by the transport-layer protocol. •Datagrams receivedThe total number of IP datagrams received by the host. •Header errorsThe number of input datagrams discarded due to errors in their IP headers, including bad checksum errors, version-number mismatch, other format errors, time-to-live exceeded, errors discovered in processing their IP options, etc. • Invalid destinationsThe number of input datagrams discarded because the IP address in their IP header's destination field was not a valid address for this entity to receive. This count includes invalid addresses (i.e., 0.0.0.0) and addresses of unsupported classes (i.e., Class E). For entities which are not IP gateways and therefore do not forward datagrams, this counter includes datagrams discarded because the destination address was not a local address. •Unknown protocolsThe number of locally-addressed datagrams received successfully but discarded because of an unknown or unsupported protocol. •Input DiscardsThe number of input IP datagrams for which no problems were encountered to prevent their continued processing, but which were discarded anyway (e.g., for lack of buffer space). Note that this counter does not include any datagrams discarded while awaiting re-assembly. •DeliveriesThe total number of input datagrams successfully delivered to IP user-protocols. •Output requestsThe total number of IP datagrams that are user-protocols (including ICMP) supplied to IP in-requests for transmission. Note that this counter does not include any datagrams counted in Datagrams forwarded.•Output discardsThe number of output IP datagrams for which no problem was encountered to prevent their transmission to their destination, but which were discarded anyway (e.g., for lack of buffer space). Note that this counter would include datagrams counted in Datagrams forwarded if any such packets met this (discretionary) discard criterion.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide SNMP Monitoring 11-19 •Unknown routesThe number of IP datagrams discarded because no route could be found to transmit them to their destination. Note that this counter includes any packets counted in Datagrams forwarded which meet this `no-route'criterion, as well as any datagrams which a host cannot route because all of its default gateways are down. •Reassembly timeoutThe maximum number of seconds that received fragments are held while they are awaiting reassembly at this entity. •Reassembly fragmentsThe number of IP datagrams received which needed to be reassembled at this entity. •Good ReassembliesThe number of IP datagrams successfully reassembled. •Failed ReassembliesThe number of failures detected by the IP reassembly algorithm (for whatever reason - timed out, errors, etc.). Note that this is not necessarily a count of discarded IP fragments since some algorithms (notably the algorithm in RFC 815) can lose track of the number of fragments by combining them as they are received. •Datagrams fragmentedThe number of IP datagrams that have been successfully fragmented at this entity. •Fragment failuresThe number of IP-datagram fragments that have been discarded because they needed to be fragmented at this entity but could not be because the datagram's "don't fragment" flag was set. •Fragments createdThe number of IP-datagram fragments that have been generated as a result of fragmentation at this entity. •Datagrams forwardedThe number of input datagrams for which this entity was not their final IP destination, as a result of which an attempt was made to find a route to forward them to that final destination. In entities which do not act as IP gateways, this counter will include only those packets which were Source-Routed via this entity, and for which Source-Route option processing was successful. •Routing discardsThe number of routing entries which were chosen to be discarded even though they were valid. One possible reason for discarding such an entry could be to free up buffer space for other routing.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 11-20 SNMP MonitoringIP/TCP/UDP MonitorThe IDU keeps the standard TCP/UDP statistics on IP protocols as indicated below.TCP•Rto AlgorithmThe algorithm used to determine the timeout value used for retransmitting unacknowledged octets, which can be: "other" - none of the following; "constant" - a constant rto; "rsre" - MIL-STD-1778, Appendix B; "vanj" - Van Jacobson's algorithm. •Rto MinimumThe minimum value permitted by a TCP implementation for the retransmission timeout, measured in milliseconds. More refined semantics for objects of this type depend upon the algorithm used to determine the retransmission timeout. In particular, when the timeout algorithm is "rsre", an object of this type has the semantics of the LBOUND quality described in RFC 793.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide SNMP Monitoring 11-21 •Rto MaximumThe maximum value permitted by a TCP implementation for the retransmission timeout, measured in milliseconds. More refined semantics for objects of this type depend upon the algorithm used to determine the retransmission timeout. In particular, when the timeout algorithm is rsre, an object of this type has the semantics of the LBOUND quality described in RFC 793. •Maximum connectionsThe limit on the total number of TCP connections the entity can support. In entities where the maximum number of connections is dynamic, this object should contain the value -1. •Active opensThe number of times TCP connections have made a direct transition to the SYN-SENT state from the CLOSED state. •Passive opensThe number of times TCP connections have made a direct transition to SYN-SENT state from the LISTEN state. •Attempts failedThe number of times TCP connections have made a direct transition to the CLOSED state from either the SYN-SENT state or the SYN-RCVD state, plus the number of times TCP connections have made a direct transition to the LISTEN state from the SYN-RCVD state. •Establish resetsThe number of times TCP connections have made a direct transition to the closed state from either the ESTABLISHED state or the CLOSE-WAIT state. •Current establishesThe number of TCP connections for which the current state is either ESTABLISHED or CLOSE-WAIT. •Segments receivedThe total number of segments received, including those received in error. This count includes segments received on currently established connections. •Segments sentThe total number of segments sent, including those on current connections but excluding those containing only retransmission octets. •Segments retransmittedThe total number of segments retransmitted -- that is, the number of TCP segments transmitted containing one or more previously transmitted octets. •Segments in errorThe total number of segments received in error (i.e., with bad TCP checksums). •Segment sent with RST The number of TCP segments sent containing the RST flag.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 11-22 SNMP Monitoring UDP •Datagrams receivedThe total number of UDP datagrams delivered to UDP users. •No such portThe total number of received UDP datagrams for which there was no application at the des-tination port. •Datagrams in errorThe number of received UDP datagrams that could not be delivered for a reason other than the lack of an application at the destination port. •Datagrams sentThe total number of UDP datagrams sent from this entity.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide SNMP Monitoring 11-23 ICMP Monitor The IDU keeps the standard statistics on ICMP as indicated below.ICMP Messages Received •Total me ss ag esThe total number of ICMP messages which the entity received. Note that this counter includes all those counted by received Errors. •ErrorsThe number of ICMP messages which the entity received but determined as having ICMP-specific errors (bad checksums, bad length, etc). •Destination unreachableThe number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages received.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 11-24 SNMP Monitoring•Time exceededThe number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages received. •Parameter problemsThe number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages received. •Source quenchThe number of ICMP Source Quench messages received. •RedirectsThe number of ICMP Redirect messages received. •EchoesThe number of ICMP Echo (request) messages received. •Echo replyThe number of ICMP Echo Reply messages received. •Time stampThe number of ICMP Timestamp (request) messages received. •Time stamp replyThe number of ICMP Timestamp Reply messages received. •Address maskThe number of ICMP Address Mask (request) messages received. •Address mask replyThe number of ICMP Address Mask Reply messages received. ICMP Messages Sent •Total me ss ag esThe total number of ICMP messages which this entity attempted to send. Note that this counter includes all those counted by ICMP out Errors. •ErrorsThe number of ICMP messages which this entity did not send due to problems discovered within ICMP, such as a lack of buffers. This value does not include errors discovered outside the ICMP layer such as the inability of IP to route the resultant datagram. In some imple-mentations there may be no types of errors which contribute to this counter's value. •Destination UnreachableThe number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages sent. •Time exceededThe number of ICMP Time exceeded messages sent. •Parameter problemsThe number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages sent.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide SNMP Monitoring 11-25 •Source quenchThe number of ICMP Source Quench messages sent. •RedirectsThe number of ICMP Redirect messages sent. •EchoesThe number of ICMP Echo (request) messages sent. •Echo ReplyThe number of ICMP Echo Reply messages sent. •Time StampThe number of ICMP Time Stamp (request) messages sent. •Time Stamp ReplyThe number of ICMP Time Stamp Reply messages sent. •Address maskThe number of ICMP Address Mask (request) messages sent. •Address mask replyThe number of ICMP Address Mask Reply messages sent.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 11-26 SNMP MonitoringNotes:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 12-2 TablesTo open the tables, choose the appropriate selection by choosing Monitor (on the SPEEDLAN Configurator)+ Advanced + your selection System InformationSystem Information displays information about the IDU's Management Information Base Group. The IDU keeps the standard SNMP MIB II statistics on system-related information as indicated below. • NameAn administratively-assigned name for this managed node. By convention, this is the node's fully-qualified domain name. •LocationThe physical location of this node (e.g., `telephone closet, 3rd'). •ContactThe name/position of the contact person for this managed node, together with information on how to contact this person. •DescriptionThis value contains the full name and version identification of the system's hardware type, software operating system, and network software. •Up timeThe time since the network-management portion of the system was last re-initialized. •ServicesThe number of services handled by the IDU. •Object IDThe identification number of the IDU. TIP

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Tables 12-3 IDU Learn Table This table contains information about unicast entries for which the IDU has forwarding and/or filtering information. This information is used by the transparent bridging function to determine how to propagate a received frame. •AddressA unicast MAC address for which the IDU has forwarding and/or filtering information. •InterfaceEither the value 0 (zero), or the interface number on which a frame has been seen. A value of 0 (zero) indicates that the interface number has not been learned but the IDU does have some forwarding/filtering information about this address.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 12-4 Tables•StatusThe status of this entry. The meanings of the values are: •otherNone of the following. •invalidThis entry is no longer valid, but has not been flushed from the table yet. •learnedThis entry was learned, and is being used. •selfThis entry represents one of the IDU's addresses. The interface value indicates which of the IDU's interfaces has this address. •mgmtThis entry is also the value of an existing instance in the static table. IP ARP Table The IP ARP Table contains the IP-Address-to-`physical'-(MAC)-Address equivalences.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Tables 12-5 •InterfaceThe interface on which this entry is effective. •IP Physical AddressThe media-dependent `physical' (MAC) address. An example would be the MAC address of the Ethernet interface. •IP AddressThe IP address corresponding to the media-dependent `physical' (MAC) address. •Media TypeThe type of mapping: •othernone of the following •invalidan invalidated mapping •dynamica mapping that can change with circumstances •statica mapping which does not change

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 12-6 TablesIP Route TableThe IDU keeps the standard SNMP MIB II statistics on the IP routing table, which contains an entry for each route presently known. •IntfThe local interface through which the next hop of this route should be reached. •DestinationThe destination IP address of this route. An entry with a value of 0.0.0.0 is considered a default route. Multiple routes assigned to a single destination can appear in the table, but access to such multiple entries is dependent on the table-access mechanisms defined by the network-management protocol in use. •Next HopThe IP address of the next hop of this route.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Tables 12-7 •Subnet MaskIndicates the mask to be a logical-ANDed with the destination address before being com-pared to the value in the Destination field. For systems that do not support arbitrary subnet masks, an agent constructs the value of the Subnet Mask by determining whether the value of the correspondent Destination field belongs to a Class A, B, or C network. •Route TypeType of route. This can be: •othernone of the following •invalidan invalidated route •directroute to directly connected (sub-)network •indirectroute to a non-local host/network/subnetwork. •Route ProtocolThe routing mechanism by which this route was learned. Inclusion of values for gateway-routing protocols is not intended to imply that hosts should support those protocols. The values are as follows: •othernone of the following •localnon-protocol information •netmgmtentries set via a network-management protocol •icmpobtained via ICMP (e.g., ICMP `redirect') •egpall gateway-routing protocols •ggpall gateway-routing protocols • Route MetricThe primary routing metric for this route. The semantics of this metric are determined by the routing protocol specified in the route's Route Protocol value. If this metric is not used, its value should be set to -1.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 12-8 TablesIP/TCP Connection Table This table reports the states of the TCP connections and contains the following fields as indicated below. •Local AddressThe local IP address for this TCP connection. In the case of a connection in the listen state which is willing to accept connections for any IP interface associated with the node, the value 0.0.0.0 is used. •Local PortThe local port number for this TCP connection. •Remote AddressThe remote IP address for this TCP connection. •Remote PortThe remote port number for this IP connection. •StateThe state of this TCP connection, which can be one of the following: closed, listen, synSent, synReceived, established, finWait1, finWait2, closeWait, LastAck, closing, timeWait, deleteTCB.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Tables 12-9 IP/UDP Listener Table This table reports the states of the UDP connections and contains the following fields as indicated below.•Local PortThe local port number for this UDP connection. •Local AddressThe local IP address for this UDP connection. In the case of a connection in the listen state which is willing to accept connections for any IP interface associated with the node, the value 0.0.0.0 is used.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 12-10 TablesLocal IP-Address Table The table displays addressing information that is relevant to the entity’s IP addresses.•IntfThe interface to which the entry is applicable. •IP AddressThe IP address to which this entry's addressing information pertains. •Subnet MaskThe subnet mask associated with the IP address of this entity. The value of the mask is an IP address with all the network bits set to 1 and all the host bits set to 0. • Broadcast AddressThe value of the least-significant bit in the IP broadcast address used for sending datagrams on the logical interface associated with the IP address of this entry. For example, when the Internet standard all-ones broadcast address is used, the value will be 1. This value applies to both the subnet- and network-broadcast address used by the entity on this logical interface. • Reasm MaxThe size of the largest IP datagram which this entity can re-assemble from incoming IP fragmented datagrams received on this interface.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 13-2 Analyzing Wireless EquipmentSelect Another Device Use this feature to select another pair of IDUs, routers or remote IDUs. This is a helpful feature when running a wireless link test. Note that you must scan the IDU before selecting another device. To select another wireless device, do the following: 1From the Analyze, menu, choose Select Another Device. 2The Enter IP Address dialog box appears. 3Verify the information in the Enter IP Address dialog box and click Scan. This opens the Scan dialog box, which allows you to select the new pair. 4Select the pair and click OK. Verify the Remote and IP Address and Read/Write Password in the Enter IP Address dialog box. Then, click OK. The SPEEDLAN Configurator confirms that the device was located. Click OK again. You have successfully selected another device and test the pair as needed.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Analyzing Wireless Equipment 13-3 Analysis Polling Interval Use the feature to set the rate at which the SPEEDLAN Configurator polls the IDU during analysis. Note that you must scan the IDU before setting the interval rate. To set the rate of the interval, do the following: 1From the Analyze menu, choose Analysis Interval. The Analysis Polling Interval dialog box appears. 2Use your mouse and move the interval to the rate of your specification. Then, click OK. Wireless Link Test Run the wireless link test to verify that your equipment is communicating properly at the RF level. This test can be performed when you are performing a bench test for the IDU or from the actual link. This process will help you during your performance evaluation. If you already scanned the IDU (or IDU pair), skip to Step 5. To initialize a link test, do the following: 1From the File menu, choose Open Remote Config. Then, click Scan.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 13-4 Analyzing Wireless Equipment 2Select the name of the IDU that you want to initialize. 3Click OK to confirm that the IP address is correct. 4Click OK again. You should receive the following message: "Configuration has been read from the IDU (ip xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx)." 5From the Analyze menu, choose Wireless Link Test. The Select a Remote Link Partner (for your IDU pair) appears.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Analyzing Wireless Equipment 13-5 6 Select the Station Name or (name of IDU pair) of the IDU or clients that you want to test. Description of Wireless Link Test Window •NameName of the initiator station of the wireless link test. •DescriptionInitiator station IDU type and firmware version. •LocationLocation of the initiator station. (This is only available if entered in the SNMP Setup options by selecting SNMP Setup from the Setup menu.)

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 13-6 Analyzing Wireless Equipment•Up TimeAmount of time that the initiator station has been running since the last reboot. •Station NameName of the remote partners that are currently communicating with the initiator station. •AddressMAC address of the interface of the remote partner. •InterfaceThe interface of the initiator station that the remote partner is communicating to. •Radio TypeThe type of radio specified in the Remote Partner. 7Next, click Link Test. The wireless link test should begin as displayed on the next page. Note: For more detailed information, click Details (located near the bottom of the Remote Link Test dialog box).

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Analyzing Wireless Equipment 13-7 Important Wireless Statistics Some of the most important wireless statistics are the following: •Link QualityThis displays the quality of the link. •Green = Good activity •Yellow = Acceptable activity •Red = Poor activity •SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio)The ratio of the standard description of the signal to the standard deviation of the noise. •SignalAgain, the higher the signal level, the better. In order for the link to be successful, you should have a signal level approximately 20 points higher than the noise. •NoiseSince the spread spectrum signals run clearly, the noise level is usually very low. The lower the noise, the better. •PacketsThis displays the percentage of test packets successfully received at each end. A higher per-centage is better. If you are loosing a large percentage of packets, try realigning the antenna or changing its polarization (keeping in mind the antenna polarization must be the same at both ends of the wireless link. Then, run the wireless link test again. •LogYou can log the results of the link test into an ASCII text file. You can run the performance over time and create a graphic to view the past to current results. 8To exit this test, click Quit. Rerun the wireless link test after you have configured each IDU or implemented any antenna alignments to verify that all equipment is communicating suc-cessfully. 9Fine tune antennas to maximize signal level at each site and repeat the link test again to confirm good performance. TIP

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide 13-8 Analyzing Wireless EquipmentAntenna Alignment Use this feature to continuously broadcast packets in order to test optimum antenna alignment. Note that you must scan the IDU before running this test. WARNING! This test will broadcast a large amount of test packets across the wireless link. It will interfere with normal wireless network operation. To run the antenna alignment test, do the following: 1From the Analyze menu, choose Antenna Alignment. The Antenna Alignment dialog box appears. 2 Enter the following information: •Interface to run test onEach IDU contains several network interfaces to which it may be connected. The net-work interfaces are numbered (i.e., 1,2,3...). The number of interface can be found by choosing Interface Setup from the Setup menu. •Seconds to run test (0=Stop)This is simply the length (in seconds) of the antenna alignment test. •Transmit RateThis is the speed (measured in Hertz) of the signal transmission.

Glossary for Standard DataCommunications

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Glossary-2Glossary for Standard Data CommunicationsAlignmentIn order to create a successful link, all related equipment should be associated to its respective attachments or equipment.Amplitude The magnitude of a waveform when measured from the mid-point to the peak of the wave.AnalogA signal in the form of a continuously varying quantity such as voltage, frequency or phase.AntennaDevice used to concentrate and direct the energy of a signal into a tight beam. Parabolic or dish, grid, and Yagi are dif-ferent varieties of antennas.Antenna GainThe ratio of the power radiated by an antenna in a specific direction versus the power required to produce this same strength if an isotropic antenna were used.AttenuationThe measure of the loss of power in a microwave signal as it travels between two points. It is measured in decibels (dB).AttenuatorAttenuators simulate antennas during bench tests.AzimuthThis is the direction of antenna pointing relative to true north.BandA portion of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum.BandwidthThe range of frequencies over which a device will transmit information.BitAn abbreviation for binary digits.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Glossary-3Bit Error RateA measure of the number of errors in a digital transmission. Typically given as an exponential number that represents the ratio of errors to total bits. Example: 1E-03 = 0.001 = 1.0 x 10-3 and 1.0E-6 = 0.000001 = 1.0 x 10-3. A single ele-ment in a binary code. A measure of the number of errors in a digital transmission. Typically given as an exponential number that represents the ratio of errors to total bits. Example: 1E-03 = 0.001 = 1.0 x 10-3 and 1.0E-6 = 0.000001 = 1.0 x 10-3.IDUThe function of a IDU is to connect separate networks together. This device operates at the DataLink Layer of the OSI model. IDUs connect different network types (such as Fast Ethernet and Ethernet) or networks of the same type. IDUs allow only necessary traffic to pass through the designated segments. When the IDU receives a packet, the IDU determines the destination and source segments. If the segments are the same, the packet is dropped, or filtered. If the segments are dif-ferent, then the packet is “forwarded” to the correct segment. Additionally, IDUs do not forward bad or misaligned pack-ets. IDUs are also called “store-and-forward” devices because they look at the whole Ethernet packet before making filtering or forwarding decisions. Filtering packets, and regenerating forwarded packets enables bridging technology to split a network into separate collision domains. IDUThis device is a combination of a router and a IDU in one product. ByteA data unit consisting of eight bits.CableA transmission medium of copper wire or optical fiber wrapped in a protective cover.ChannelA specific band of frequencies designated for a specific purpose; the data path between two nodes.Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit (CSU/DSU)Manages digital transmission and monitors signals for problems. Performs many functions similar to a modem with the exception of converting digital signals to/from analog since the end device and transmission facility are both digital.Channel SpacingThe amount of space signals can flow through.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Glossary-4ClassUnderstanding this methodology is difficult, even for customers. Therefore, let’s explain this in easier terms. The first octet (or octets) defines the “class” (indicated by the word “net” in this example) of the address, which is the only method to tell the size of the network (how big) and where the internet address belongs. The remaining octets indicate availability for net-work equipment (i.e., computer or other network equipment). The three main classes are: Class A, Class B, and Class C.•Class A: Net, Node, Node, Node 255.0.0.0 (last three octets are available for equipment)•Class B: Net, Net, Node, Node 255.255.0.0 (last two octets are available for equipment)•Class C: Net, Net, Net, Node 255.255.255.0 (last octet is available for equipment)Coaxial CableA type of transmission line consisting of a center conductor wire surrounded by insulation that is in turn surrounded by a conductive shield made of metal foil or wire braid. Often used to connect the RF unit and modem unit of a wireless system.Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)A system in which all users occupy the same bandwidth. Uncorrelated codes are used to allow for higher bandwidth occu-pancy. This is also known as the spread spectrum system.Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP)A network management protocol that is consistent with an Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) network communication model.Company nameThis is the name of the company that owns or maintains the radio given to the terminal. ConsoleThis device allows you to communicate through the Telnet client to access the configuration software. CrimpCrimp the connector to secure the conductors.Customer Premise Equipment (CPE)Any equipment located at the customer site. Usually in reference to those that are connected to a network.Data Communication Equipment (DCE)A definition of an interface standard that determines how it is connected to another device. For most modems, it resolves issues of interface between Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and the network.

$SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Glossary-5Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)Hardware that provides for data communications. See also DCE above.dBmDecibels (dB) relative to 1 milliwatt.dBwDecibels (dB) relative to 1 watt.Decibel (dB)The standard unit of measurement for expressing relative signal power. It is dimensionless and is instead referenced to a certain level.DiffractionThe distortion of a wave as it is partially obstructed by an object in its path.Digital Signal Processor (DSP)A specialized computer chip designed to perform speedy and complex operations on digitized waveforms.Direct Sequence (DS)A type of spreading technique that multiplies a higher rate PN code to the signal in order to spread the energy of the nar-row band signal over a much wider bandwidth for transmission.Direct Sequence Speed Spectrum (DSSS)DSSS may be seen as the result of two processes. Data is multiplied with a higher rate digital sequence (spreading code). The sequence has many “chips” for every data bit. The resultant signal modulates the RF carrier.E1European Standard also used in South American nations, among others. Speed is 2.048 Mega bits per second (Mbps). Uses the G.703 data interface.Elevation1. Height above sea level. 2. The vertical angle in degrees between the ground and the direction the antenna is pointed.ESDElectro-Static Discharge happens when there is a transfer between objects at diverse voltages.$

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Glossary-6EthernetThis is the most popular physical layer LAN technology in use today. Other LAN types include Token Ring, Fast Ethernet, Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Local Talk. Ethernet is popular because it strikes a good balance between speed, cost and ease of installation. These benefits, combined with wide acceptance in the computer marketplace, create the ability to support virtually all-popular networks and make Ethernet an ideal network-ing technology for most computer users today. The Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) defines the Ether-net as IEEE Standard 802.3. This standard defines rules for configuring an Ethernet, as well as specifying how elements in an Ethernet network interact with one another. By adhering to the IEEE standard, network equipment and network proto-cols will communicate efficiently.Ethernet SwitchThis device helps expand the Ethernet network. LAN switches can link four, six, ten or more networks together, and have two basic architectures. This switch “cuts through” and “stores and forwards” as well. This technique takes more time to examine the entire packet, but it allows the switch to catch certain packet errors and keep them from propagating through the network. A switch also operates between the DataLink and Network Layer of the OSI model. It reads the MAC address and will either IDU it to the Physical Layer or route to the Network Layer.Fade MarginThe difference between the receiver signal input level and the receiver sensitivity. Fade margin is usually considered the safety factor allowing the system to remain operating under additional forms of attenuation.FadingThe loss of signal strength due to changes in the atmosphere.Fault This section of the browser gives the user a detailed list of alarm activity. Along with the alarm activity, the Event Log also time stamps an alarm, so the user is able to determine when an event occurred, and at what time the event cleared. The date and time fields are derived from the time read by the radio on the network time server.Federal Communications Commission (FCC)Government organization appointed by the U.S. President that regulates interstate communications (by use of licenses, standards, rates, etc.).FirmwareAlterable programs in semitransparent storage (e.g., some type of read-only or flash reprogrammable memory).

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Glossary-7Forward Error Correction (FEC)The ability of a receiving station to correct a transmission error. The transmitter sends redundant information along with the original bits and the receiver uses this information to find and correct errors. This can increase the throughput of a data link operation.FramingDividing data for transmission into groups of bits, and adding a header and a check sequence to form a frame.FrequencyThe number of complete cycles per second existing in a waveform. Note that frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz).Frequency Hopping (FH)A type of spreading technique using a PN code to change the signal’s frequency between several pre-assigned values (hopping). Although the signal itself looks like a narrow band signal at any given point in time, it acts like a spread signal because of the frequency hopping.Fresnel ZoneAn imaginary ellipse surrounding the direct transmission path formed by all the points from which a reflected wave would have an increased path length of multiple of the transmitted signal’s wavelength. At least 60% of the Fresnel zone must be unobstructed.Full DuplexIndependent, simultaneous two-way transmission going in both directions.GainThe increase in signal power caused by a device such as a transmitter or antenna.GHzGigaHertz. Billions of Hertz.Ground elevationThis is the approximate mean sea level (AMSL) of the terminal.Half DuplexA one-way directional communication line going in both directions. Only one signal can be transmitted or received at a time

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Glossary-8Hertz (Hz)A unit of measurement equal to one cycle per second.Hexadecimal (Hex, or H)A Base-16 numbering system. This means 16 sequential numbers are used as a base unit (i.e., “0-9” and “A-F”).HopA term used to describe a single radio path between two points.HostThis term is interchangeable with the definition “node,” which means this is a point on the network. The host is also any device on the network that has two-way communication to any point on the network, as well as the Internet. Hot-standbyA condition whereby when the primary method of communication goes down, the secondary method instantly takes over.HubThis device on a network collects, receives, and repeats data to its forwarded destination on the network. A hub is also known as a switch.HyperTerminalThis provides you details of the internal configuration of the ODU. In the HyperTerminal, you can also change the port set-tings for the modem connection and adjust the settings to make a call.IDUIndoor Unit (i.e., Modem Unit).IF CableIn an SPEEDCOM system, this is the coaxial cables that connects the modem unit to the RF unit. These cables are termi-nated with male TNC-type connectors at both ends.InterfaceThe standard signal for connecting a microwave system to the connecting equipment.InterferenceUnwanted signals that cause performance degradation or loss of information.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Glossary-9Intermediate Frequency (IF)The frequency to which a microwave signal is converted to permit signal processing. This range is typically around 70 to 200 MHz.InternetThis is a system of linked networks that are worldwide in scope and facilitates data communicate service such as remote login, file transfer, electronic mail, the World Wide Web and newsgroups. With the meteoric rise of demand for connectiv-ity, the Internet has become the communications highway for millions of users. The Internet was initially restricted to mili-tary and academic institutions in its infancy, but now it is a full-fledged information channel for any and all forms of information and commerce. Internet web sites now provide personal, educational, political and economic resources to every cornet of the planet.IP AddressThis address tells the network how to locate the computers or network equipment connected to it. IP addresses are given so each computer or equipment on the network contains a unique address. ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical BandsRanges are 900 to 928 MHz; 2.4 to 2.4835 GHz; and 5.725 to 5.85 GHz. The FCC for unlicensed use allocated these bands with a restriction on the output power.IsotropicUniform in all directions.KbpsThousands of bits per second.KHz (KiloHertz)Thousands of Hertz. Each wireless phone call occupies only a few KiloHertz.LANThis is a local area network that enables computers, network equipment, or other peripherals to communicate on a small network.Last mile Any type of telecommunications technology where data (voice, video, etc) is traveled within relatively short distances to maintain to highest quality of bandwidth and throughput.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Glossary-10LatitudeThis is the geographic latitude of the location of the terminal.LEDThis is a light-emitting diode, which is a semiconductor, that sends out visible light when an electrical current moves through it.Left arrowThis is the left arrow key on your keyboard.Light Emitting Diode (LED)An electronic device that emits light with little generation of heat.Line Interface Unit (LIU)The first unit inside the modem units encountered by signals from the user.Line of Sight (radio) (LOS)A condition whereby the antennas of a given link have a sufficient path for communication. It requires that at least 60% of the Fresnel zone between them be unobstructed. (Do not confuse with Loss of Signal.)Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)The display on the Modem Unit used to configure and monitor the system.Local Area Network (LAN)A short distance data communications network used to link together computers and peripheral devices (such as printers) under some form of standard control.LoopbackThis is the process of sending out a test signal to the device on the network so that you know if your signal was successful or unsuccessful.Loss of Signal (LOS)The signal from the user’s device does not appear in the DSX or E1 interface. (This is not to be confused with Line of Sight.)

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Glossary-11MAC addressIn a LAN environment each computer contains its own Medium Access Control (MAC) address which is the embedded and unique hardware number. For computers on Ethernet LANs, this is the same number as its Ethernet address. This address is controlled at the DataLink Layer of the OSI model, and is in a hexadecimal format separated by four octets (i.e., 82.39.1E.38).Major alarmIndicates that the alarm may cause service interruption.MANThis is a metropolitan network that enables computers, network equipment, other peripherals, and more than one LAN to communicate within the city or nearby limits.Management Information Base (MIB)A database of network parameters used by SNMP and CMIP to monitor and change network device settings. It provides a logical naming of all information resources on the network pertinent to the network’s management.Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)A measure of the theoretical times a component or device will operate without failing.MHz (MegaHertz)Millions of Hertz.Minor alarmIndicates that the radio is placed in a condition that may affect the 100 Mb throughput, but can be restored (i.e., turning off loopback functions).ModulationThe process of varying characteristics of a carrier signal to represent changes in the transmitted information.MOdulator-DEModulator (MODEM)A device that converts a digital signal to analog, or vice versa, and is used to transfer data between computers over com-munications lines.MspsMillion of samples per second.

$SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Glossary-12Multi-path fading The condition in which the “true” signal from an antenna reflects off an object (usually the ground) and, as a result, the reflected signal causes destructive interference at the receiving antenna. Multi-path fading affects linearly polarized sig-nals more than circularly polarized signals.NetworkA set of connections that allow them to exchange data with each other, which enables multiple users to share to communi-cate data through the accepted path(s).NetworkTwo or more locations tied together with equipment and communications channels.NodeThis is a point on the network such as a computer, server, peripheral (printer, scanner, etc). NoiseAny unwanted signal or disturbance that degrades the quality of a transmitted signal.ObstructionAny man-made or natural object that blocks, diffracts, or reflects a transmitted signal.OctetThere are four octets in an IP address. Each octet contains 8 bits, which are equivalent to 1 byte. Each octet is separated by a period (.).ODOutside diameter of pipe for mounting an antenna.Outdoor UnitThe Outdoor Unit (ODU) provides the baseband and RF signal processing required to convert the 100Base-T signal from the CPI to an RF frequency at 23, 26, 29, or 38 GHz. The ODU mounts to an antenna through an integral “Quick-Fit” connection that does not require any external waveguide. The ODU housing is ruggedized to protect the RF and modem electronics contained inside. It is capable of simultaneously transmitting and receiving 100 Mbps of data traffic over the air.PacketA unit of data transmitted between a receiver and a sender. Each packet contains embedded information, as well as place to go on the network (known from the IP address).$

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Glossary-13Part 15 (of FCC rules)The section of the FCC Code of Federal Regulations defines the restrictions regarding the use of Spread Spectrum systems.Passive RepeaterA re-radiation device associated with a transmitting/receiving antenna system that re-directs intercepted radio frequency energy without boosting or processing the signal.Path LengthThe distance between two ends of a wireless system.Path LossThe decrease in signal power experienced when a signal is transmitted between two points.Path ProfileA drawing of the terrain (including buildings, trees, hills, lakes, etc.) along a transmission path to determine if a given path is viable for the communication link. This is usually done with a computer.Personal Communication Services (PCS)A lower powered, higher frequency competitive technology to cellular.PolarizationThe direction of the amplitude of a radio wave. Polarization is usually horizontal or vertical.Pole HeightThis is the height of the antenna supporting structure.Power OutputThe power produced by a transmitter. This is measured in decibels per meter (dBm).Processing GainThe ability of the spread spectrum decoder to recover the received signal out of noise. It is essentially the increase in abil-ity to recover the signal in the presence of an interfering carrier of the same or greater level.PropagationThe transmission of a wave along a given path through a medium.

SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Glossary-14ProtocolA network protocol is the standard that allows computers to communicate with each other. A protocol defines how com-puters identify one another on the network, the form that the data should take in transit, and how this information is pro-cessed once it reaches its final destination. Protocols also define procedures for handling lost or damaged transmissions or “packets.” IPX (for Novell Netware), TCP/IP (for UNIX, Windows NT, Windows 95 and 98 and other platforms), DECnet (for networking Digital Equipment Corp. computers), AppleTalk (for main Macintosh computers), and NetBIOS/NetBEUI (for LAN and Windows NT networks) are some of today’s most popular networks. Although each network protocol is differ-ent, they all share the same physical cabling. This common method of accessing the physical network allows multiple pro-tocols to peacefully coexist over the network media, and allows the builder of the network to use common hardware for a variety of protocols. This concept is known as “protocol independence,” which means that devices that are compatible at the physical and data link layers allowing the user to run many different protocols over the same medium.Pseudo-random Noise code (PN code)A high rate digital code that mimics random noise-like properties. It is multiplied with a lower rate data signal in order to achieve spread spectrum transmission signals. The receiver then multiplies the same code back into the transmission to recover the data signal.Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)This refers to a worldwide voice telephone network accessible to all those with telephones and access privileges.Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) A method for modulating a signal by which more than one bit can be sent simultaneously.Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)Phase-shift keying in which there are four phase states or positions in the time or frequency domains within a single period.RadiationThe flow of electromagnetic energy from a transmitter.Radiation PatternAn illustration of the energy level radiated by an antenna in every direction.Radio addressThis is the physical location (street name) of the terminal. This is also displayed at the bottom of the web page.Radio Frequency (RF)The frequency at which microwave systems transmit.

$SPEEDLAN 8500 Series Installation and Operation User Guide Glossary-15Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)The RSSI Voltage provided at the output of the RF Unit that is used to indicate the RF Input Level.ReflectionThe sharp change in direction of a wave after hitting an obstruction in its path.RefractionThe bending of a wave as it moves from one medium to another.ReliabilityA measure of the percentage of time the system is operating. Reliability is usually a measure of both the availability of the signal and the MTBF of the equipment.Responsible personnelThis is the person(s) responsible for maintaining the radio system.RF Signal LevelThe strength of the power received by the RF Unit from the antenna.Right arrowThis is the right arrow key on your keyboard.RouterThis device filters out network traffic by specific protocol rather than by packet address. This device operates at the Network layer of the OSI model. Routers also divide networks logically instead of physically. An IP router can divide a network into various subnets so that only traffic designated for particular IP addresses can pass between segments. Network speed often decreases due to this type of intelligent forwarding. Such filtering takes more time than exercised in a switch or IDU, which only looks at the Ethernet address. In more complex networks, overall efficiency is improved by using routers.Rx (Receiver)This is where the packet is going.ServerA computer that is responsible for tracking, as well as receiving and sending requests from other computers connected to it (on the same network).$