Trimble 7112-900IP User Manual Users manual with RF exposure notice

Trimble Navigation Ltd Users manual with RF exposure notice

Users manual with RF exposure notice

FORM NO. FELN003204/99TC900 RadioOperation Manual Computer Aided Earthmoving System(CAES)T®Produced for Caterpillar Inc. by Trimble Navigation LimitedCopyright 1999 CaterpillarPrinted in U.S.A.
Table of ContentsPrefaceScope and Audience..........................................................................iOrganization......................................................................................i• Document Conventions.....................................................................ii• Notes, Tips, Cautions, and Warnings................................................ii1 Overview1.1 TC900 Rovers as part of a TRIMCOMM 900 Network...................11.1.1 Frequency Band ................................................................21.1.2 Standard Features..............................................................31.2 TC900 Description............................................................................31.2.1 Controls and Indicators.....................................................41.3 TC900 Cabling Configurations.........................................................61.3.1 Gender Changer (P/N 33405-00) ......................................71.3.2 Software Configuration Cable (P/N 33471)......................81.3.3 Power & I/O Cable (P/N 32942-17) .................................91.4 Antenna Description.........................................................................102 Using the TC9002.1 TC900 Installation.............................................................................122.1.1 TC900 Location on Machine ............................................132.1.2 Antenna Considerations....................................................132.2 Configuration ....................................................................................152.2.1 Configuration Software.....................................................15A Characteristics and SpecificationsA.1 Antenna Gain ...................................................................................17A.2 Point-To-Point Link ..........................................................................19A.3 Electrical Interface ............................................................................20A.4 Specifications....................................................................................22B Regulations and SafetyB.1 Safety.................................................................................................26
B.2 Service and Technical Support..........................................................26IndexPrefaceWelcome to the TC900 Operation Manual. This manual describes theinstallation, configuration, and operation of the TC900 radio modem.The TC900 radio modem is a rugged unit designed for real-time differential andreal-time kinematic GPS applications. It provides a high-speed wireless data linkbetween base and rover GPS receivers, and optional repeaters.The TC900 has been certified for license free operation in the U.S. under Part 15of the FCC Rules, and in Canada under RSS-210 of Industrie Canada.Scope and AudienceWe recommend you spend some time reading this manual. The following sectionprovides you with a guide to this manual, as well as to other documentation youhave received with this product.OrganizationThis manual contains the following chapters and appendices:• Chapter 1, Overview - provides a brief overview and physical descriptionof the TC900.• Chapter 2, Using the TC900 - contains complete installation andconfiguration instructions for the TC900.• Appendix A, Characteristics and Specifications - summarizesperformance characteristics and specifications that can be expected froma TC900 rover.• Appendix B, Regulations and Safety - contains regulation and safetyinformation.
iiDocument ConventionsItalics identify software menus, menu commands, dialog boxes, and the dialogbox fields.SMALL CAPITALS identify DOS commands, directories, filenames, and filenameextensions.Courier is used to represent what you see printed on the screen by the DOSsystem or program.Courier Bold represents information that you must type in a software screenor window.[Return] or [Ctrl] + [C] identifies a hardware function key or key combinationthat you must press on a PC.Helvetica Bold represents a software command button.Notes, Tips, Cautions, and WarningsNotes, tips, cautions, and warnings are used to emphasize important information.Note – Notes give additional significant information about the subject to increaseyour knowledge, or guide your actions. A note can precede or follow the text itreferences.Tip – Indicates a shortcut or other time or labor-saving hint that can help youmake better use of the TC900 radio modem.Caution – Cautions alert you to situations that could cause hardware damage orsoftware error. A caution precedes the text it references.
iiiWarning – Warnings alert you to situations that could cause personal injury orunrecoverable data loss. A warning precedes the text it references.
11 OverviewA TC900 radio modem is part of a digital-data radio network. It is designedprimarily for broadcasting low-latency differential GPS (DGPS) corrections orraw GPS data from a roving receiver (machine) to a repeater or reference stationreceiver, for use during real-time differential and real-time kinematic (RTK)surveying.1.1 TC900 Rovers as part of a TRIMCOMM 900 NetworkTo achieve line-of-sight (LOS) coverage to all points in a work area, aTRIMCOMM 900 network including up to four repeaters must be used. Therepeaters retransmit data packets according to a simple time-sharing scheme toavoid mutual interference. The operation of the repeaters is transparent to theTC900 rovers. This means that a TC900 rover can move around and pick up datapackets from the reference station or any repeater, whichever it hears first.The reference, rovers, and repeater radios in a TRIMCOMM 900/ TC900network are similar units. The function of a particular unit (reference, rover, orrepeater) is determined by its configuration.Reference radios can be connected to 7400, 4400, or 4000 Series Trimblereceivers through a single cable for both power and serial I/O.TC900 roverradios, as used in the CAES system (Computer Aided Earthmoving System), areusually installed on a machine, and are used with a 740 rugged receiver. They arealso connected to the receiver through a single cable for both power and serialI/O.TRIMCOMM 900 repeaters operate autonomously, requiring only externalpower connected to their power ports. They have up to two separate serial ports.For typical GPS applications only one serial port is used. Machine controlapplications may use one serial port for GPS corrections, while the other serialport is connecting computers in a wireless network.TC900 rovers operate as part of the CAES system, and they are powered by themachine on which they are installed. Both serial ports are used, one for GPScorrections and the other for data.
21.1.1 Frequency BandThe TC900 radio modem operates in the 902 to 928 MHz frequency band. It iscertified for unlicensed use in this band as a transmitter pursuant to 47 C.F.R. §§15.247, 15.249 (1993) (unlicensed, low-power devices) Subpart C of Part 15 ofFCC Rules regarding Spread Spectrum Systems for the United States. License-free operation in Canada is covered by RSS-210 of Industrie Canada.Note – Since other types of radio transmitters can also operate in this frequencyband, there is no guarantee that the network can function in any particular areaor at any particular time. Most survey sites should not have much interference inthis band.This frequency band is allocated to other uses, including cellular telephone, inother parts of the world. Regulations regarding its use vary greatly from countryto country. Use of the TC900 radio modem outside the United States must beapproved by the local radio authority. Contact your Trimble dealer forregulations and restrictions on operation in the country or area where you want touse the TC900.A TRIMCOMM 900/TC900 network can hop to any one of 50 frequencychannels within its frequency band. This gives TRIMCOMM 900’s/TC900’ssome ability to avoid RF interference.The local interface to a TC900 is through an asynchronous serial port. In thenormal mode of operation, a TC900 receives data from a repeater and sends thisdata through a serial port to the rugged 740 receiver. The on-machine systemprocesses the data and re-broadcasts its GPS and CAES information through theTC900, out to the network of repeaters, and ultimately to the reference stationwhere the office is located.
31.1.2 Standard FeaturesThe following are features of the TC900 radio modem:• Bi-directional communication• Wireless data connection• No FCC license required in the U.S. or Canada• Ruggedized, weatherproof casing• Typical 3-5 km range• Up to 35 kbps data transmission speed• Interfaces with TRIMCOMM 900 radio network and with Trimblemachine-mounted GPS receivers• Low power consumption• Two RS-232 interfaces; 9,600 bps or 38,400 bps (default)1.2 TC900 DescriptionThe TC900 radio modem is encased in a rugged, weatherproof, yellow metalhousing. It has an antenna mount on the top end-cap, and a connector and LEDon the bottom end-cap. These are described in the following paragraphs.1.2.1
41.2.1 Controls and IndicatorsThe TC900 bottom end-cap, Figure 1-1, is fitted with an 8-pin male Bendix-Amphenol connector and an LED indicator. The light turns orange whenadequate power is supplied to TC900, and green when the rover is synchronizedwith the reference station and can communicate with the network.The bottom end-cap has:1. POWER I/O connector (8-pin male Bendix-Amphenol)2. DATA/POWER indicator LEDFigure 1-1. TC900 Bottom End-CapNote – Typically, the TC900 requires a few seconds to re-synchronize with thecommunications network, after the system has been rebooted.
5The TC900 top end-cap, Figure 1-2, has:1. Contact Tip2. ANTENNA mountFigure 1-2. TC900 Top End-CapA flexible antenna base, see Figure 2-2, is bonded to the TC900 top end-cap atthe factory. This antenna base should not be forcibly removed.Note – The TC900 antenna contact tip has been designed for maximumefficiency and very low loss. In order to maintain its integrity the antenna basehas been bonded to the assembly. Forcibly removing the antenna base willdamage this contact tip.Caution – Do not attempt to remove the flexible antenna base from the TC900top end-cap under any circumstances.
61.3 TC900 Cabling ConfigurationsThe TC900 is configured as a rover, but appropriate cables and adapters areavailable for both radio configuration and for standard rover operations with avariety of input power options. Table 1-1 summarizes the cabling items availableor provided with the TC900 unit. Shaded areas in the table denote optional itemsavailable for use with the TC900.Table 1- 1 TC900 Cabling and Power AccessoriesItem and Description Part NumberGender Changer 33405-00Software Configuration Cable 33471Power & I/O Cable, 17 ft or 32942-17Power & I/O Cable, 99 ft 32942-9916 VDC, 1.5 A power supply with 5-pin LEMO connector 29148-1012 V, 6 Ah battery with case and 5 ft. cable/5-pin LEMO connector 13543-0012 V, 10 Ah battery with bag and 5 ft. cable/5-pin LEMO connector 13542-00Camcorder battery clip cable to 5-pin LEMO connector 14555Solar panel (not available from Trimble) N/AService kit, with P/N 33405-00, P/N 33471, and COMMSET software 33276-20
71.3.1 Gender Changer (P/N 33405-00)The Gender Changer, Figure 1-3, is a small box with one 8-pin Bendix-Amphenol connector on each side. It is used when configuration of the TC900 isnecessary, and it serves the purpose of adapting an 8-pin male connector to an 8-pin female connector and vice versa.Figure 1-3. Gender Changer (P/N 33405-00)
81.3.2 Software Configuration Cable (P/N 33471)The Software Configuration cable, Figure 1-4, is 1-foot long. This cable has oneLEMO connector, one Bendix-Amphenol connector, and one DB9 connector.The 5-pin LEMO female receptacle can be connected to a variety of powersources, outlined in Table 1-1, as follows:• a 16V AC/DC low cost power supply• a 6Ah or 10Ah 12 V battery or• a battery clip cable that can be used with a Camcorder power pack or asolar panel.The Bendix-Amphenol 8-pin female connector attaches to the TC900 bottomend-cap, either directly or by way of a gender changer and longer cable as shownin Figure 1-3.The DB9 connector attaches to a PC that has been loaded with the desiredconfiguration software.This cable is used to power the unit during configuration of the softwareparameters into the memory of the TC900.Figure 1-4. Software Configuration Cable (P/N 33471)
91.3.3 Power & I/O Cable (P/N 32942-17)The machine TC900 Power & I/O cable, Figure 1-5, is 17 feet long (99-footlengths are also available). It has two 8-pin female Bendix-Amphenol connectors,one at each end. The straight connector attaches to the bottom end-cap of theTC900 radio, and the angled connector attaches to the 8-pin Bendix-Amphenolconnector on the rugged 740 receiver.Figure 1-5. Power and I/O Cable (P/N 32942-17)
101.4 Antenna DescriptionThe TC900 antenna comes with interchangeable 0 or 3 dB tips.The 0 dB antenna tip measures 4.25 in/11 cm in length (12 in/30cm includingantenna base). The 3 dB antenna tip measures 13.5 in/34.5 cm in length(21.5in/55 cm including antenna base). The 7 dBi antenna measures 23"/58.4cmin length (31"/78.7 cm including antenna base).Figure 1-6 illustrates the TC900 antenna components.TC900 ANTENNA BASE 0dB TIP 3dB TIPFigure 1-6. TC900 Radio Modem and AntennasAppendix A describes the trade-offs involved in selecting antenna gain.
112 Using the TC900A TC900 is a wireless data modem used to provide communications betweenmachine applications and other components of a real-time mining informationsystem.The TC900 is configured for optimal network performance and no modificationsshould be necessary. Configuration software is provided should modifications,maintenance, or equipment replacement be necessary. For more information,consult the software and installation documentation provided with your system.Pertinent settings should be documented in the installations notes, and thesevalues should not be changed without consulting the installation specialist orqualified technical support person.Caution – The incorrect use of the software program can load radio settings thatwill cause the network to fail.
122.1 TC900 InstallationThe TC900 is pre-configured at the factory as a rover. No additionalconfiguration is necessary.To install a TC900 as a rover, follow these steps:1. Mount the provided o-ring and antenna tip (0dB or 3dB only) on theflexible antenna base located on the top end-cap.2. Use the recommended rover Power & I/O cable P/N 32942-17, see .Attach the straight 8-pin female Bendix-Amphenol connector to theTC900 and the angled connector to the rugged receiver.Figure 2-1 Power and I/O Cable (P/N 32942-17)The TC900 rover works with a network of TRIMCOMM 900 repeaters.Instructions for installation of the reference station and repeaters aredescribed in the TRIMCOMM 900 Operation Manual, P/N 33553-00.
132.1.1 TC900 Location on MachineSeveral factors should be considered when locating the optimum site for TC900installation. The unit should be placed as high as feasible on the machine.Make sure the antenna is mounted so that its radiating element is completelyabove the top of any obstructions, including any mast used as a means to elevatethe modem to a more favorable location on the machine.2.1.2 Antenna ConsiderationsThe efficiency of the TC900 wireless modem can be severely impaired if themounting location permits obstruction of the antenna radiation path by metalobjects. When the TC900 is installed on a machine, ensure that the antenna baseand tip are above the machine, such that if the antenna were bent to its full extent,it would not hit anything.Note – The TC900 antenna contact tip, see Figure 1-2, has been designed formaximum efficiency and very low loss. In order to maintain its integrity theflexible antenna base has been bonded to the top end-cap assembly.Caution – Do not attempt to remove the flexible antenna base from the TC900top end-cap under any circumstances. Forcibly removing the antenna base willdamage this contact tip.
14Figure 2-2 shows the standard antenna mounting for the TC900.Figure 2-2. Standard Antenna Mounting
152.2 ConfigurationThe TC900 is configured at the factory for 38,400 baud, 8 data bits, none parity,and one stop bit. The parameters are stored in non-volatile memory. The TC900retrieves these parameters at power up.2.2.1 Configuration SoftwareCOMMSET is a Windows-based program for configuring operational parametersof the TC900. COMMSET can be used in the office to configure all wirelessmodems for a project prior to deployment, or in the field at any time.To install COMMSET, copy all files on the distribution diskette to a newdirectory on your computer’s hard disk. To start the application, run the utilityCOMMSET.EXE.If you need help performing these tasks, consult your Windows documentation orthe Windows on-line help. COMMSET Setup can be used with Windows 95/98or Windows NT.When COMMSET starts, an initial connection window, Figure 2-3, is displayed.This window helps the user through the process of connecting a radio to thecomputer. If more help is required, click on the HELP button for additionalinstructions.
16Figure 2-3 Main Window
17After a connection is established between COMMSET and the radio, a set-upwindow opens, Figure 2-4. The user can check and set the radio’s configurationparameters with this window.Figure 2-4 Set-up WindowIf more help is required, click on the HELP button for additional instructions.Note – If you want to check the configuration, upgrade firmware, ortroubleshoot the radio, use Service Kit P/N 33276-20. The ServiceKit contains a software configuration cable, COMMSET software,and a Bendix-Amphenol gender changer, (see Figure 1-3 ).
18A Characteristics andSpecificationsThis appendix briefly summarizes performance characteristics and specificationsthat can be expected from a TC900 radio modem.A.1 Antenna GainTC900 antennas do not increase the energy radiated by the radio. They can,however, concentrate the energy from the radio in a particular direction. Thedegree to which they concentrate radio frequency energy in any particulardirection is measured in dB, or decibels. The greater the antenna gain in dB, themore the radiated energy from the antenna is concentrated in some direction. Asa standard for reference, a half-wavelength dipole antenna is referred to as having0 dB gain.An antenna that radiates energy equally in all directions is called omnidirectional.All of the standard TC900 antennas are omnidirectional in the horizontal plane.They radiate an equal amount of energy at every azimuth. However, they are notomnidirectional in the vertical.
19Figure A-1 compares the radiated energy patterns of the TC900 antennas. Allantennas must be oriented vertically when used.30 70 0 0 dB3 dBElevationAzimuthFigure A-1. Omnidirectional Antenna Gain PatternsBecause of the trade-off between gain and vertical coverage, the TC900 radiomodem is shipped with a 0 dB and a 3 dB antenna.In ,Figure A-1 the top view shows radiated energy patterns in the horizontal, orazimuth plane of the antennas. Note that the 3 dB antenna radiates more power inthe horizontal plane than does the 0 dB antenna.The ground level, or the bottom view shows that much of the energy from the 3dB antenna is concentrated within 30° of horizontal. If a receiver antenna iswithin this sector, it receives significantly more power from the 3 dB antenna.However, at angles greater than 30° from horizontal, the 0 dB gain antennaactually radiates more energy.Antenna gain has exactly the same effect when transmitting as when receiving. Ingeneral, the use of the 3 dB tip will result in more reliable radio communicationsfor machine-mounted applications.
20Note – For TC900 antennas, this means keeping the antenna element verticaland at the same elevation as the transmitting antenna. Otherwise, it may bebetter to use an antenna with less gain.A.2 Point-To-Point LinkMany factors can reduce the reliability of a TC900 link: multipath fading,shadowing, and interference. Multipath fading results when multiple reflectedcopies of the transmitted waveform destructively interfere at the receive antenna.However, this type of fading is usually localized to areas just a few inches across,so moving an antenna just a few inches can sometimes overcome it.Shadowing results when the link loses line-of-sight (LOS) due to an obstructionsuch as a building, hill or trees. Sometimes it is possible to receive a signalwithout LOS because radio waves may diffract around some obstructions ortravel through others. The only way to know where a link will work is to try it.Interference is generally caused by other transmitters in the same frequency band.The TC900 minimizes interference problems from other transmitters by utilizingunique state-of-the-art spread spectrum, frequency-hopping radio technology.Tip – Antenna height is the single most important factor that you can use toincrease link distance. Always place omnidirectional reference, repeater, androver antennas as high as possible above surrounding obstructions. Use hill topsand antenna masts wherever practical.
21A.3 Electrical InterfaceThe machine rover TC900 bottom end-cap has one POWER & I/O connector,and the top end-cap has one ANTENNA connector. For illustrations of thebottom end-cap connector and indicator light, see Figure 1-1. For illustrations ofthe top end-cap supporting the antenna base and tip, see Figure 2-2.One LED indicator light is located on the bottom end-cap. This LED indicatesthat the TC900 is receiving power (orange) and transferring data (green). Thebottom end-cap also holds the 8-pin Bendix-Amphenol male connector for thePower & I/O cable connection.The radio Bendix-Amphenol connector pinout is shown in Figure A-2. Thepinouts are described in Table A-1. TC900 has a dual-port configuration. In thedual-port configuration, the radio uses pins F and G to carry GPS correction data,while pins D and C are used for configuring software inside the radio AND fortwo-way communication within the network.ABCDEFHGFigure A-2. Radio Power & I/O Connector Pinout
22Table A-1. POWER I/O Connector PinoutPinLabel Name I/O DescriptionB GROUND Signal Ground/ RTN DC Source (-)C I/O (TXD) O RS-232 data from TC900 to displayterminalF GPS (TXD) O RS-232 data from TC900 to rugged 740GPS receiverG GPS (RXD) I RS-232 data from rugged 740 GPSreceiver to TC900A PWR 10.5 to 20 volt DC source (+)D I/O (RXD) I RS-232 data from display terminal toTC900E spare, no connectionHspare, no connectionFor dual-port TC900 radio modems, one of the RS-232 ports is used fortransmitting and receiving GPS data, while the other port relays two-way databetween the radios in the network.A TC900 radio requires a DC power source. The power source must be regulatedto eliminate voltage spikes or voids. It must be filtered to within the 10.5V - 20VDC operating range; power from an unfiltered automobile battery charger is notacceptable. Standard installations provide power to the TC900 radio from therugged 740 GPS receiver.For office use, an optional Trimble OSM2 unit can convert regular AC into DCneeded to run the TC900.
23A.4 SpecificationsThe following tables contain information on the TC900 radio modem, antennas,and frequency.Table A-2. TC900 Physical SpecificationsSize 3.4" (8.64 cm) Wide8.5" (21.59 cm) High (No antenna; Modeldependent)Weight 2.0 lbs (0.90kg)Power Input 10.5 V to 20 V DCConnectors Power & I/O 8-pin female Bendix-Amphenol(supports two serial ports)Indicators Power LEDData LEDTemperature Operating –40° C to +70° C (–40°F to +158° F)Storage –40° C to +85° C (–40° C to +185° F)WeatherProofing Fully sealed; rain, dust, spray, and splash proofVibration Operating 6 gRMS, 20-2000 HzMechanicalShock Operating ±75 g, 6 msec
24Table A-3. TC900 Technical SpecificationsPowerConsumption 3.3 watt (typical in "Receive" mode)5 watt maximum (typical in "Transmit" mode)Radio Link 902-928 MHz bandFrequency hop spread spectrumBattery Life 8 hours on one 12V 2.3 Amp Hour camcorderbattery (typical at room temperature)Serial Port One or two RS-232 interfaces available on oneconnector. Data is 8 bits with selectable parity(default odd, even, none) and 1 stop bit. Supportedbit rates are 9600, and 38400 (default).Table A-4. Antenna Physical Specifications3 dB Length 21.5" (55 cm) Long including the base0 dB Length 12" (30 cm) Long including the base3 dB Weight 0.56 lbs (0.25 Kg) including the base0 dB Weight 0.52 lbs (0.23 Kg) including the baseRange Varies with terrain and operating conditions.Typically 3 to 5 Km.
25
26B Regulations and SafetyThe TC900 has been certified to operate pursuant to Subpart C of Part 15 of FCCRules (CFR 47) regarding Spread Spectrum Systems and to Industrie Canada'sspecification RSS-210. The end user does not need to obtain any additionallicense or approval for use in the U.S. and Canada.Shielded cables and I/O cords must be used for this equipment to comply withrelevant FCC regulations.Caution – Changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly approved,in writing, by Trimble Navigation Limited could void the user's authority to operatethe equipment.For use in Canada: This device complies with RSS-210 of Industrie CanadaOperation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) This device may not cause interference, and(2) This device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.Note – This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for aClass B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits aredesigned to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in aresidential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radiofrequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with theinstructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However,there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a reception, which can bedetermined by turning the equipment off and on. The user is encouraged to try tocorrect the interference by one or more of the following measures:1) re-orient or relocate the receiving antenna,2) increase the separation between the equipment and receiver,3) connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected, and4) consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
27B.1 SafetyNotice: Exposure to Radio frequency EnergyExposure to RF energy is an important safety consideration. The Institute ofElectrical and Electronic Engineers, the U.S. Department of the Navy, and theAmerican National Standards Institute have created a standard set of guidelinesentitled Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio FrequencyElectromagnetic Fields, 300 kHz to 100 GHz. Based on a wide variety of tests,the standard excludes from concern those devices that emit less than 7 watts atfrequencies between 300 kHz and 1 GHz. The TC900 emits less than 1.0 wattson average at 902-928 MHz, and is therefore considered safe. However, due tothe extreme sensitivity of human tissue to heating effects, Trimble recommendsmaintaining a distance of at least one foot (0.3 meter) from a TC900 antenna.In order for this device to comply with FCC rules, under the provision of Part15.247(b)(4), it must operate in a manner that ensures that the public is notexposed to radio frequency energy levels in excess of the Maximum PermissibleLimits (MPE). It is recommended that the antenna of this device be placed at 30cm (12") or more from its user and nearby persons, during continuous andextended data transmissions. The users of this device should ensure that theoperation of this device is in compliance with these provisions.B.2 Service and Technical SupportThe TC900 contains no user-serviceable parts. For service information ortechnical support, call 1-800-SOS-4TAC from within the United States, and +1-408-481-6940 from outside the United States.

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