Thales ATM 435 LICENSED NON-BROADCAST TRANSMITTER User Manual USERS MANUAL 1

Thales ATM LICENSED NON-BROADCAST TRANSMITTER USERS MANUAL 1

Contents

USERS MANUAL 1

THALES Italia S.p.A.- Air Systems Division Description, Installation, Operation, Maintenance Reference: Vol. 1 Code 955 900 031C GROUND BEACON DME 415/435 Technical Manual VOLUME 1 Equipment description, Installation, Operation, Maintenance and PC user Vers. D, September 2005 SECTION 1 GENERAL INFORMATION
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-II THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-a Table of CONTENTS Paragraph Page SECTION 1............................................................................................................................................1-1 GENERAL INFORMATION....................................................................................................1-1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................1-1 1.2 DME PRINCIPLE ..............................................................................................................1-1 1.2.1 Coverage ..........................................................................................................................1-2 1.2.2 Traffic Capacity .................................................................................................................1-2 1.2.3 Accuracy ...........................................................................................................................1-2 1.2.4 Nominal Reply Delay – Pair Pulse Code - Channeling.....................................................1-2 1.3 GENERAL FEATURES OF THE EQUIPMENT................................................................1-13 1.3.1 Equipment Versions..........................................................................................................1-13 1.3.2 Main Feature of the Equipment ........................................................................................1-13 1.3.2.1 Engineering.......................................................................................................................1-14 1.3.2.2 Safety................................................................................................................................1-14 1.3.2.3 Installation.........................................................................................................................1-14 1.3.2.4 Operation ..........................................................................................................................1-14 1.4 BEACON COMPOSITION AND IDENTIFICATION..........................................................1-16 1.5 PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL general Description.......................................................1-19 1.6 EQUIPMENT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION...................................................................1-26 1.6.1 General Overview .............................................................................................................1-26 1.6.2 DME 415/435 System Functional Description ..................................................................1-27 1.6.3 I/O SYSTEM - Functional description ...............................................................................1-31 1.6.3.1 I/O Local site .....................................................................................................................1-31 1.6.3.2 LOCAL CONTROL & STATUS UNIT (LCSU) ..................................................................1-34 1.6.3.2.1 CONTROL AND STATUS BOARD - CSB module – Functional description....................1-36 1.6.3.2.1.1 CPU and Memories...........................................................................................................1-37 1.6.3.2.1.2 Serial Lines .......................................................................................................................1-40 1.6.3.2.1.3 Parallel ports .....................................................................................................................1-41 1.6.3.2.2 LOCAL FRONT CONTROL PANEL .................................................................................1-44 1.6.3.2.2.1 INDICATION AND CONTROLS - INC Module - functional description............................1-45 1.6.3.3 REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM ........................................................................................1-48 1.6.3.3.1 Remote Control & Status Indicator (RCSI 446) ................................................................1-50 1.6.3.3.2 Remote Control and Status Equipment (RCSE)...............................................................1-51 1.6.3.3.3 MCS ..................................................................................................................................1-52 1.6.3.4 Status Indicator SI 446......................................................................................................1-53 1.6.3.5 Personal Computer - PC...................................................................................................1-54 1.6.4 TRANSPONDER – Functional description .......................................................................1-55 1.6.4.1 General Overviews ...........................................................................................................1-55 1.6.4.1.1 Pilot Pulse .........................................................................................................................1-55 1.6.4.1.2 Transponder Main Delay Measurement ...........................................................................1-55 1.6.4.2 RECEIVER - RX module...................................................................................................1-60 1.6.4.2.1 UHF coupler (pilot pulse mixer) and 63 MHz Oscillator....................................................1-61 1.6.4.2.2 UHF Front End & 63 MHz linear amplification..................................................................1-61 1.6.4.2.3 Synthesizer .......................................................................................................................1-62 1.6.4.2.4 Programmable attenuators ...............................................................................................1-62 1.6.4.2.5 Logarithmic Amplifier ........................................................................................................1-63 1.6.4.2.6 On channel validation (OCV) ............................................................................................1-63 1.6.4.2.7 RX reference power supply ..............................................................................................1-63 1.6.4.2.8 Digital circuitry and data bus,............................................................................................1-64
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-b THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 Paragraph Page 1.6.4.3 SIGNAL PROCESSOR - DPR module ............................................................................ 1-66 1.6.4.3.1 Analog Input, TOA & Delay Compare ............................................................................. 1-68 1.6.4.3.2 On-channel validate ......................................................................................................... 1-69 1.6.4.3.3 Decoder and Dead Time .................................................................................................. 1-69 1.6.4.3.4 Echo suppression............................................................................................................. 1-70 1.6.4.3.5 Main Delay & Priority Circuit............................................................................................. 1-71 1.6.4.3.6 Keyer and 1350 Hz Generator ......................................................................................... 1-71 1.6.4.3.7 Squitter Generator........................................................................................................... 1-72 1.6.4.3.8 DPR reference power supply ........................................................................................... 1-72 1.6.4.3.9 Digital Input circuitry and Data bus .................................................................................. 1-72 1.6.4.4 MODULATOR – DMD module ......................................................................................... 1-73 1.6.4.4.1 Microprocessor and Peripherals ...................................................................................... 1-75 1.6.4.4.1.1 Watchdog and Power-On Reset ...................................................................................... 1-75 1.6.4.4.1.2 Serial Communication Controller ..................................................................................... 1-75 1.6.4.4.1.3 Internal Timers .................................................................................................................1-75 1.6.4.4.2 Coded Gaussian former & Pedestal Modulation Generators........................................... 1-75 1.6.4.4.3 Coded Square Gates Modulation..................................................................................... 1-76 1.6.4.4.4 Scan & Calibration Counters and reply delay Fine compensation.................................. 1-76 1.6.4.4.4.1 Overload Protection.......................................................................................................... 1-77 1.6.4.4.5 Acquisition Process .......................................................................................................... 1-77 1.6.4.4.6 Modulation signals measurements................................................................................... 1-77 1.6.4.4.7 DMD reference power supply........................................................................................... 1-77 1.6.4.4.8 Digital Input and Data bus ................................................................................................ 1-78 1.6.4.5 TRANSMITTER -TX 100 module ..................................................................................... 1-79 1.6.4.5.1 RF amplifiers chain circuits ..............................................................................................1-79 1.6.4.5.2 Video Modulation amplifiers ............................................................................................. 1-79 1.6.4.5.3 Detectors circuits..............................................................................................................1-81 1.6.4.5.4 Pulse Duration Protection circuits .................................................................................... 1-81 1.6.4.5.5 Dedicated Power supply for RF amplifiers and TX100 ref. voltage power supply........... 1-82 1.6.4.5.6 Circuits for measurement and diagnostic purpose........................................................... 1-83 1.6.4.5.7 Digital signals and Data bus............................................................................................. 1-83 1.6.4.6 1kWp RF POWER AMPLIFIER – TKW module (only DME 435)..................................... 1-84 1.6.4.6.1 RF amplifiers .................................................................................................................... 1-84 1.6.4.6.2 Detectors circuits..............................................................................................................1-87 1.6.4.6.3 Pulse Duration Protection circuits .................................................................................... 1-87 1.6.4.6.4 Dedicated 50V Power supply for RF amplif. and TKW ref. voltage power supply........... 1-87 1.6.4.6.5 Circuits for measurement and diagnostic purpose........................................................... 1-88 1.6.4.6.6 Digital signals and Data bus............................................................................................. 1-88 1.6.4.7 TRANSPONDER POWER SUPPLY (+5V & ±15V) – PWS module............................... 1-90 1.6.5 RF PATH AND DUPLEXER – DPX module – Functional description ............................. 1-91 1.6.5.1.1 RF electronic switch circuitry............................................................................................ 1-92 1.6.5.1.2 Coupler detecting the pilot pulse and the coupler of the monitor-interrogator ................. 1-92 1.6.5.1.3 Video driver of RF switches commands........................................................................... 1-92 1.6.5.1.4 DPX reference power supply............................................................................................ 1-93 1.6.5.1.5 Patch Panel ...................................................................................................................... 1-94 1.6.6 MONITOR SYSTEM......................................................................................................... 1-96 1.6.6.1 Monitor Reply Delay measurement.................................................................................. 1-97 1.6.6.2 MONITOR - MON module – Functional description......................................................... 1-99 1.6.6.3 RF Analog Group ............................................................................................................. 1-99 1.6.6.3.1 Frequency synthesizer ..................................................................................................... 1-101
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-c Paragraph Page 1.6.6.3.2 59MHz oscillator & Linear modulator................................................................................1-102 1.6.6.3.3 Digital Attenuator ..............................................................................................................1-102 1.6.6.3.4 Mixer FRX - Filter & UHF Amplifier.....................................................................................1-103 1.6.6.3.5 Input-Output selector ........................................................................................................1-103 1.6.6.3.6 Linear 63 MHz Detector ....................................................................................................1-106 1.6.6.4 Analog/digital video section ..............................................................................................1-107 1.6.6.4.1 Acquisition ad Generation.................................................................................................1-107 1.6.6.5 Parallel line and serial line interface .................................................................................1-110 1.6.6.5.1 Status signals from Transponders ....................................................................................1-111 1.6.6.5.2 Commands to Transponders ............................................................................................1-111 1.6.6.5.3 Status signals from the Antenna - Dummy Load Switch (Duplexer) ................................1-111 1.6.6.5.4 Commands to the Antenna - Dummy Load Switch (Duplexer).........................................1-111 1.6.6.5.5 Signals Exchanging with the other Monitor.......................................................................1-111 1.6.6.5.6 Other signals from/to Transponders .................................................................................1-112 1.6.6.6 CPU and Digital processor ...............................................................................................1-112 1.6.6.6.1 Serial connection with LCSU unit .....................................................................................1-113 1.6.6.6.2 Automatic cycle.................................................................................................................1-113 1.6.6.6.3 Monitor Reply Delay measurement ..................................................................................1-114 1.6.6.7 Morse code (MORCO) decoder........................................................................................1-114 1.6.6.7.1 Identification code .............................................................................................................1-114 1.6.6.7.2 Morse code detector .........................................................................................................1-115 1.6.6.8 MON reference power supply ...........................................................................................1-115 1.6.6.9 MONITOR SOFTWARE PROGRAM................................................................................1-115 1.6.6.9.1 Automatic Monitoring Operation .......................................................................................1-115 1.6.6.9.2 Automatic & Semi-Automatic Testing ...............................................................................1-116 1.6.7 INTERFACE SYSTEM – Functional description ..............................................................1-117 1.6.7.1 Associated Facility Interface - AFI module .......................................................................1-117 1.6.7.2 Modem (MDM) ..................................................................................................................1-118 1.6.7.2.1 Modem Level Adapter interface........................................................................................1-118 1.6.7.2.2 Switched and dedicated line Modem - LGM28,8..............................................................1-118 1.6.7.2.3 Dedicated Line Modem LGM1200MD – Party line ...........................................................1-120 1.6.8 COAXIAL RELAY – KCX module .....................................................................................1-121 1.6.8.1 TAI dummy – Interface module.........................................................................................1-121 1.6.9 POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM – Functional description ......................................................1-121 1.6.9.1 BCPS unit .........................................................................................................................1-123 1.6.9.2 Power supply with BCPS subrack Frako type (optional) .................................................1-125 1.6.9.2.1 AC/DC module – AC-DC converter (type Frako optional) ................................................1-127 1.6.9.2.2 Battery Supervisor module ...............................................................................................1-128 1.6.10 DME ANTENNA................................................................................................................1-129
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-d THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 List of FIGURES Figure Page Figure 1.1. DME - Principle of the RF signals path .............................................................................1-1 Figure 1.2. DME - Theory of operation, simplified block diagram ....................................................... 1-2 Figure 1.3. DME Channels Reply and Interrogation Frequencies....................................................... 1-3 Figure 1.4. DME 415 (same as DME 435) – Cabinet and PC, example of arrangement.................... 1-15 Figure 1.5. DME 435 – Front view with anterior door opened – Full Dual version ............................. 1-21 Figure 1.6. DME 415 – Front view with anterior door opened – Full Dual version.............................. 1-22 Figure 1.7. DME 435 Single version – Front view with anterior door opened ..................................... 1-23 Figure 1.8. DME 435 – Rear side view of the cabinet ......................................................................... 1-24 Figure 1.9. DME 415/435 – Top view .................................................................................................. 1-25 Figure 1.10. DME 415/435 – Simplified general block diagram .......................................................... 1-28 Figure 1.11. DME 415/435 – Main RF path signals - General simplified block diagram..................... 1-29 Figure 1.12. DME 415/435 – Local I/O system general block diagram ............................................... 1-30 Figure 1.13. DME 415/435 – AC/DC Power Supply system & Battery Charge - Block diagram......... 1-30 Figure 1.14. I/O Panel.......................................................................................................................... 1-32 Figure 1.15. Local site set up – Typical configuration .........................................................................1-33 Figure 1.16. LCSU - Simplified Block Diagram.................................................................................... 1-34 Figure 1.17. CSB module – Simplified Block Diagram ........................................................................ 1-35 Figure 1.18. CSB module – General Block Diagram ........................................................................... 1-37 Figure 1.19. CSB module – CPU and Memories: Block Diagram ....................................................... 1-39 Figure 1.20. CSB module – Serial lines: Block Diagram ..................................................................... 1-41 Figure 1.21. CSB module – I/O Parallel Ports: Block Diagram............................................................ 1-43 Figure 1.22. Local Front Panel ............................................................................................................ 1-45 Figure 1.23. INC module - simplified block diagram............................................................................ 1-46 Figure 1.24. INC Module - Indication and Control: General Block Diagram........................................ 1-46 Figure 1.25. INC Module - Indication and Control: Block Diagram...................................................... 1-47 Figure 1.26. Possible connection between Remote RCSI/RCSE and Local site ................................ 1-48 Figure 1.27. Example of single site connection with RCSI.................................................................. 1-49 Figure 1.28. Example of multi site connection with RCSI.................................................................... 1-49 Figure 1.29. Example of multi site connection with RCSE .................................................................. 1-50 Figure 1.30. RCSI-8 – Remote control ................................................................................................ 1-51 Figure 1.31. RCSE 443 – Remote control ........................................................................................... 1-51 Figure 1.32. RCSE 443 – Remote control CTU & RunWay select...................................................... 1-52 Figure 1.33. MCS – Remote control .................................................................................................... 1-52 Figure 1.34. SI446-2 and SI 446-8 - Front panel view......................................................................... 1-53 Figure 1.35. Example of connections between beacon and PC with RCSI/RCSE.............................. 1-54 Figure 1.36. DME 415/435 TRANSPONDER– General block diagram of the main signals ............... 1-56 Figure 1.37. DME 415/435 TRANSPONDER– Main Delay Measurement and compensation ........... 1-57 Figure 1.38. DME 415/435 TRANSPONDER– General block diagram .............................................. 1-58 Figure 1.39. RX module – General block diagram .............................................................................. 1-59 Figure 1.40. RX - Layout location in the extrusion of the Analog RF .................................................. 1-60 Figure 1.41. RX - Receiver Coupler and 63 MHz oscillator block diagram ......................................... 1-61 Figure 1.42. RX – Front End and 63 MHz linear amplif. - Block diagram............................................ 1-61 Figure 1.43. RX – Frequency Synthesizer & RF Amplifier - Block diagram ........................................ 1-62 Figure 1.44. RX – IF programmable digital Attenuator - Block diagram.............................................. 1-63 Figure 1.45. RX – 63 MHz logarithmic amplifiers - Block diagram ...................................................... 1-64 Figure 1.46. RX – Digital circuitry and data bus block diagram........................................................... 1-65 Figure 1.47. DPR module – General block diagram............................................................................ 1-67 Figure 1.48. DPR – TOA & Delay-Compare – Block diagram............................................................. 1-68
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-e Figure Page Figure 1.49. DPR – Decoder & Dead Time – Simplified Block diagram ..............................................1-70 Figure 1.50. DPR – Main Delay, keyer & Priority Circuit – Simplified Block diagram ..........................1-71 Figure 1.51. DPR – Squitter generator – Simplified Block diagram .....................................................1-72 Figure 1.52. DPR – Digital circuitry and data bus - Block diagram ......................................................1-72 Figure 1.53. DMD module – General Block diagram ...........................................................................1-74 Figure 1.54. DMD – Bus system - Block diagram ................................................................................1-78 Figure 1.55. TX100 module – General block diagram .........................................................................1-80 Figure 1.56. TX100 – Layout location of main functional blocks..........................................................1-81 Figure 1.57. TX100 – Pulse duration protection circuits ......................................................................1-82 Figure 1.58. TX100 – Dedicated power supply ....................................................................................1-82 Figure 1.59. TX100 – Digital circuits – Block Diagram.........................................................................1-83 Figure 1.60. TKW – RF stages Matching Network – Block Diagram ...................................................1-84 Figure 1.61. TKW module – General block diagram ............................................................................1-85 Figure 1.62. TKW – Main Components Location .................................................................................1-86 Figure 1.63. TKW – Pulse Duration Protection circuits ........................................................................1-87 Figure 1.64. TKW – Dedicated power supply.......................................................................................1-88 Figure 1.65. TKW – Digital circuits – Block Diagram ...........................................................................1-89 Figure 1.66. PWS module – General Block Diagram...........................................................................1-90 Figure 1.67. DPX module – Simplified Block Diagram.........................................................................1-91 Figure 1.68. DPX – RF circuits Block Diagram ....................................................................................1-92 Figure 1.69. DPX– Video circuits – Simplified Block diagram..............................................................1-93 Figure 1.70. DPX– Video circuits – Example of PIN diodes commands..............................................1-93 Figure 1.71. DPX Ref. Power Supply – Simplified Block diagram .......................................................1-94 Figure 1.72. DPX & Patch panel – Frontal view...................................................................................1-94 Figure 1.73. DPX & Patch Panel – Simplified Block diagram ..............................................................1-95 Figure 1.74. DME 415/435 - MONITOR system – Simplified block diagram .......................................1-97 Figure 1.75. DME 415/435 - MONITOR – Reply Delay Measurement ................................................1-98 Figure 1.76. MONITOR – Location of the RF stages on the casting ...................................................1-99 Figure 1.77. MONITOR – Analog RF group - Block diagram...............................................................1-100 Figure 1.78. MONITOR – Synthesizer – Simplified block schematic diagram.....................................1-101 Figure 1.79. MONITOR – Synthesizer – Block diagram ......................................................................1-101 Figure 1.80. MONITOR – 59 MHz oscillator & Linear modulator – Block diagram..............................1-102 Figure 1.81. MONITOR – Digital Attenuator – Block diagram .............................................................1-102 Figure 1.82. MONITOR – Mixer FRX - Filter & UHF Amplifier – Block diagram....................................1-103 Figure 1.83. MONITOR – Input-Output RF selector – General Block diagram....................................1-104 Figure 1.84. MONITOR – Input-Output RF selector – Detailed Block diagrams .................................1-105 Figure 1.85. MONITOR – Linear Detector - Block diagram .................................................................1-106 Figure 1.86. MONITOR – Acquisition and Generation - General Block diagram.................................1-107 Figure 1.87. MONITOR – Parallel line and serial line interface - General Block diagram ..................1-110 Figure 1.88. MONITOR – CPU and Digital processor - Block diagram ...............................................1-112 Figure 1.89. MONITOR – Morse code decoder - Block diagram .........................................................1-114 Figure 1.90. AFI module - Association Facility Interface – Simplified Block Diagram .........................1-118 Figure 1.91. Modem Level adapter - Block diagram ............................................................................1-118 Figure 1.92. LGM 28,8 MODEM – Simplified Block Diagram ..............................................................1-119 Figure 1.93. LGM1200MD Modem, block diagram ..............................................................................1-120 Figure 1.94. Transfer relay, block diagram ..........................................................................................1-121 Figure 1.95. EQUIPMENT POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM – General Block Diagram ............................1-122 Figure 1.96. BCPS unit – Simplified Block Diagram ...........................................................................1-123 Figure 1.97. BCPS unit – AC/DC module - Schematic block diagram................................................1-124 Figure 1.98. BCPS unit – AC/DC module - Auxiliary voltage - Schematic block diagram ..................1-124
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-f THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 Figure Page Figure 1.99. BCPS unit – AC/DC module - Sharing current circuitry - Schematic block diagram...... 1-125 Figure 1.100. Power Supply with BCPS Frako type – Simplified Block Diagram................................ 1-125 Figure 1.101. Power Supply with BCPS Frako type – Front and Rear view ....................................... 1-126 Figure 1.102. BCPS Frako type AC/DC module – General block diagram ......................................... 1-127 Figure 1.103. Battery Supervisor: Protection Circuit - Block Diagram................................................. 1-128 Figure 1.104. DME ANTENNA ............................................................................................................ 1-130 List of TABLES Table Page Table 1-1. Frequencies for DME Channels .......................................................................................... 1-3 Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (1 to 17) ............................................... 1-4 Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (18 to 28) ............................................. 1-5 Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (29 to 40) ............................................. 1-6 Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (41 to 52) ............................................. 1-7 Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (53 to 68) ............................................. 1-8 Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (69 to 85) ............................................. 1-9 Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (86 to 99) ............................................. 1-10 Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (100 to 113) ......................................... 1-11 Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (114 to 126) ......................................... 1-12 Table 1-3. Composition of the Equipment ............................................................................................ 1-16 Table 1-4. User Interface Composition (option).................................................................................... 1-17 Table 1-5. Material Supplied................................................................................................................. 1-18 Table 1-6. RF Interrogation levels by monitors to Rx ........................................................................... 1-106
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-1 SECTION 1 GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1 INTRODUCTION DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) has been standardized by the ICAO as a radio aid for short and medium-distance navigation. It is a secondary type of radar, which allows several aircraft to simultaneously measure their distance from a ground reference (DME transponder). The distance is determined by measuring the propagation delay of a RF pulse, which is emitted by the aircraft transmitter and returned at a different frequency by the ground station after reception. In conjunction with a VOR, the DME, which should preferably be installed at the same location as a VOR/DME, enables to determine the direction and the distance (rho-theta method). Since the DME operates in the same frequency range (960 to 1215 MHz) and according to the same principle as the distance measuring section of the TACAN, combined VOR/TACAN systems (VORTAC) are installed in many countries, as well as VOR/DME systems. 1.2 DME PRINCIPLE Aircraft's equipped with DME transmit encoded interrogating RF pulse pairs on the beacon's receiving channel. The beacon, in turn, emits encoded reply pulse pairs on the receiving channel of the air-borne equipment, which is 63 MHz apart from the transmitter frequency former. The time interval between interrogation emission and reply reception provides the aircraft with the real distance information from the ground station; this information may be read by the pilot or the navigator directly on the airborne indicator. The ground transponder is able to answer up to about 200 interrogators at a time (i.e. 4800 pulse pairs/s). Generates random pulse pairs ("squitter") to maintain a minimum PRF of 800 to 2700 pulse pairs per second (programmable) whenever the number of decoded interrogations is lower than that. This reply is received and decoded by the airborne receiver, where special timing circuits automatically measure the lapse between interrogation and reply and convert this measurement into electrical output signals. The beacon introduces a fixed delay, called reply delay, between the reception of each encoded interrogating pulse pair and the transmission of the corresponding reply ( see Figure 1.1). Travel time (50µs+1µs/150m)Interrogation Paire pulses transmitted by aircraftOne way time 1µs/300mReplay Delay of the beacon (50µs)One way time 1µs/300mInterrogation Paire pulses received by transponderReplay delay Paire pulses transmitted by transponderReplay Paire pulses received by aircraft Figure 1.1. DME - Principle of the RF signals path The transponder periodically transmits special identification pulse groups, interleaved with the reply and squitter pulses that can be decoded by the aircraft as a Morse tone, keyed with the beacon code name.
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-2 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 The airborne receiver is able to recognize the replies to its own interrogations, among the many other pulses transmitted by the beacon, by means of a stroboscopic procedure. The DME theory of operation is summarized in a block diagram in Figure 1.2. BEACONIDENTIFICATION TONETRANSMITTER RECEIVERAUTOPILOTTRANSMITTER RECEIVERDISTANCECIRCUITSDME AIRBORNE CHANNEL SELECTORDISTANCE INFORMATION TO BOARD INDICATORAIRCRAFT'SANTENNADME GROUND BEACONTRANSMITS DISTANCE INFORMATIONand IDENTIFICATION SIGNALREPLY TRIGGER TO INTERROGATIONSRECEIVEDINTERROGATIONSBEACON'SANTENNAINTERROGATION TRIGGERS Figure 1.2. DME - Theory of operation, simplified block diagram 1.2.1 Coverage According to the frequency band used, the DME system coverage is limited to the optical range and depends on the aircraft flight altitude and on the type of ground. The high frequency used and the use of special techniques have made the system much less sensitive to site errors than other types of omni-directional beacons now in use. 1.2.2 Traffic Capacity The aircraft handling capacity is adequate for a traffic peak of 200 aircrafts. When the traffic peak exceeds 200 aircrafts the transponder should be capable of handling that peak. 1.2.3 Accuracy As a result of the development and the applications of modern electronic technologies, the accuracy of the distance information provided by the DME system is improving all the time. At present, the accuracy of a DME system can be considered within the maximum values specified below: ±0.12 NM +0.05% of the distance, from 0 to 65 nautical miles, and ± 0.17 NM +0.05% of the distance, above 65 nautical miles. 1.2.4 Nominal Reply Delay – Pair Pulse Code - Channeling Each beacon is identified by means of its channel frequency, its pulse coding and its identity signal. The ground beacon introduces a fixed delay between the reception of interrogating pulses and the transmission of the corresponding reply pulses. This fixed delay, called main delay or fundamental delay, is introduced. So that an aircraft which is flying very close to the beacon can complete transmission of the encoded interrogating pulse pair, and then deactivate its own transmitter, before its receiver begins receiving the corresponding beacon reply pulses. To render the system as immune as possible to errors caused by interfering signals, the DME system transmits pulse pairs instead of single pulses; each pair includes two 3.5 µs pulses whose spacing depends on the channel mode selected. The channel code, pulse code, reply delay and operating mode are shown on the following table (standard ICAO). Channel Code Nominal Interrogation Pulse Code [µs] Transponder Reply Pulse Code [µs] Transponder Nominal Reply Delay [µs] X 12 12.0 ± 0.1 50 Y 36 30.0 ± 0.1 56
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-3 Each operational channel in the DME system is defined by two frequencies (interrogation and reply frequencies), spaced 63 MHz apart, and by the pulse code for the assigned channel (X or Y channel). The DME system transmits on a pre-selected channel among the 252 available ones. These channels are divided into 126 X channels and 126 Y channels providing a frequency ranging from 1025 to 1150 MHz for aircraft transmission (interrogation). Moreover, a 962 to 1213 MHz frequency for signal reception by the aircraft (ground beacon reply transmission). Interrogation and reply frequencies are assigned with one MHz spacing between channels. The diagram shown in figure 1.3 gives the aircraft interrogation frequency associated to the beacon reply frequency for both channel types X, Y. The same information is also given in table 1-1 and table 1-2 for X and Y channels respectively, as per ICAO ANNEX 10. Each beacon emits a Morse identity code signal that can be heard in the pilot headset; this code consists of pulse pairs transmitted at a frequency of 1350 Hz. Each beacon is therefore identified by means of its channel frequency, its pulse coding and its identity signal. Table 1-1. Frequencies for DME Channels X Channels (n° 126) Channel Y Channels (n° 126) I = 1025 + (CH-1) I = 1025 + (CH-1) R = I - 63 1 ≤ CH ≤ 63 R = I + 63 R = I + 63 64 ≤ CH ≤ 126 R = I - 63 I = INTERROGATION FREQUENCY (MHz) CH = CHANNEL NUMBER R = REPLY FREQUENCY (MHz) 960 MHz962 MHz 1025 MHz 1213 MHz1215 MHz1-63X 64-126X1-63Y64-126Y1088 MHz 1151 MHz INTERROGATION FREQUENCIES REPLY FREQUENCIES Figure 1.3. DME Channels Reply and Interrogation Frequencies
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-4 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (1 to 17) DME PARAMETERS CHANNEL PAIRING INTERROGATION REPLY Pulse Codes DME/P DME Channel VHF FREQ. MHz MLS FREQ. MHz MLS Channel FrequencyMHz DME/Nµs IAM µs FAM µs Frequency MHz Pulse Codesµs 1X 1Y − − − − − − 1025 1025 12 36 − − − − 962 1088 12 30 2X 2Y − − − − − − 1026 1026 12 36 − − − − 963 1089 12 30 3X 3Y − − − − − − 1027 1027 12 36 − − − − 964 1090 12 30 4X 4Y − − − − − − 1028 1028 12 36 − − − − 965 1091 12 30 5X 5Y − − − − − − 1029 1029 12 36 − − − − 966 1092 12 30 6X 6Y − − − − − − 1030 1030 12 36 − − − − 967 1093 12 30 7X 7Y − − − − − − 1031 1031 12 36 − − − − 968 1094 12 30 8X 8Y − − − − − − 1032 1032 12 36 − − − − 969 1095 12 30 9X 9Y − − − − − − 1033 1033 12 36 − − − − 970 1096 12 30 10X 10Y − − − − − − 1034 1034 12 36 − − − − 971 1097 12 30 11X 11Y − − − − − − 1035 1035 12 36 − − − − 972 1098 12 30 12X 12Y − − − − − − 1036 1036 12 36 − − − − 973 1099 12 30 13X 13Y − − − − − − 1037 1037 12 36 − − − − 974 1100 12 30 14X 14Y − − − − − − 1038 1038 12 36 − − − − 975 1101 12 30 15X 15Y − − − − − − 1039 1039 12 36 − − − − 976 1102 12 30 16X 16Y − − − − − − 1040 1040 12 36 − − − − 977 1103 12 30 17X 17Y 17Z 108.00 108.05 − − 5043.0 5043.3 − 540 541 1041 1041 1041 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 978 1104 1104 12 30 15
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-5 Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (18 to 28) DME PARAMETERS CHANNEL PAIRING INTERROGATION REPLY Pulse Codes DME/P DME Channel VHF FREQ. MHz MLS FREQ. MHz MLS Channel FrequencyMHz DME/Nµs IAM µs FAM µs FrequencyMHz Pulse Codesµs 18X 18W 18Y 18Z 108.10 − 108.15 − 5031.0 5031.3 5043.6 5043.9 500 501 542 543 1042 1042 1042 1042 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 979 979 1105 1105 12 24 30 15 19X 19Y 19Z 108.20 108.25 − − 5044.2 5044.5 − 544 545 1043 1043 1043 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 980 1106 1106 12 30 15 20X 20W 20Y 20Z 108.30 − 108.35 − 5031.6 5031.9 5044.8 5045.1 502 503 546 547 1044 1044 1044 1044 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 981 981 1107 1107 12 24 30 15 21X 21Y 21Z 108.40 108.45 − − 5045.4 5045.7 − 548 549 1045 1045 1045 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 982 1108 1108 12 30 15 22X 22W 22Y 22Z 108.50 − 108.55 − 5032.2 5032.5 5046.0 5046.3 504 505 550 551 1046 1046 1046 1046 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 983 983 1109 1109 12 24 30 15 23X 23Y 23Z 108.60 108.65 − − 5046.6 5046.9 − 552 553 1047 1047 1047 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 984 1110 1110 12 30 15 24X 24W 24Y 24Z 108.70 − 108.75 − 5032.8 5033.1 5047.2 5047.5 506 507 554 555 1048 1048 1048 1048 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 985 985 1111 1111 12 24 30 15 25X 25Y 25Z 108.80 108.85 − − 5047.8 5048.1 − 556 557 1049 1049 1049 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 986 1112 1112 12 30 15 26X 26W 26Y 26Z 108.90 − 108.95 − 5033.4 5033.7 5048.4 5048.7 508 509 558 559 1050 1050 1050 1050 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 987 987 1113 1113 12 24 30 15 27X 27Y 27Z 109.00 109.05 − − 5049.0 5049.3 − 560 561 1051 1051 1051 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 988 1114 1114 12 30 15 28X 28W 28Y 28Z 109.10 − 109.15 − 5034.0 5034.3 5049.6 5049.9 510 511 562 563 1052 1052 1052 1052 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 989 989 1115 1115 12 24 30 15
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-6 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (29 to 40) DME PARAMETERS CHANNEL PAIRING INTERROGATION REPLY Pulse Codes DME/P DME Channel VHF FREQ. MHz MLS FREQ. MHz MLS Channel FrequencyMHz DME/Nµs IAM µs FAM µs Frequency MHz Pulse Codesµs 29X 29Y 29Z 109.20 109.25 − − 5050.2 5050.5 − 564 565 1053 1053 1053 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 990 1116 1116 12 30 15 30X 30W 30Y 30Z 109.30 − 109.35 − 5034.6 5034.9 5050.8 5051.1 512 513 566 567 1054 1054 1054 1054 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 991 991 1117 1117 12 24 30 15 31X 31Y 31Z 109.40 109.45 − − 5051.4 5051.7 − 568 569 1055 1055 1055 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 992 1118 1118 12 30 15 32X 32W 32Y 32Z 109.50 − 109.55 − 5035.2 5035.5 5052.0 5052.3 514 515 570 571 1056 1056 1056 1056 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 993 993 1119 1119 12 24 30 15 33X 33Y 33Z 109.60 109.65 − − 5052.6 5052.9 − 572 573 1057 1057 1057 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 994 1120 1120 12 30 15 34X 34W 34Y 34Z 109.70 − 109.75 − 5035.8 5036.1 5053.2 5053.5 516 517 574 575 1058 1058 1058 1058 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 995 995 1121 1121 12 24 30 15 35X 35Y 35Z 109.80 109.85 − − 5053.8 5054.1 − 576 577 1059 1059 1059 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 996 1122 1122 12 30 15 36X 36W 36Y 36Z 109.90 − 109.95 − 5036.4 5036.7 5054.4 5054.7 518 519 578 579 1060 1060 1060 1060 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 997 997 1123 1123 12 24 30 15 37X 37Y 37Z 110.00 110.05 − − 5055.0 5055.3 − 580 581 1061 1061 1061 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 998 1124 1124 12 30 15 38X 38W 38Y 38Z 110.10 − 110.15 − 5037.0 5037.3 5055.6 5055.9 520 521 582 583 1062 1062 1062 1062 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 999 999 1125 1125 12 24 30 15 39X 39Y 39Z 110.20 110.25 − − 5056.2 5056.5 − 584 585 1063 1063 1063 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1000 1126 1126 12 30 15 40X 40W 40Y 40Z 110.30 − 110.35 − 5037.6 5037.9 5056.8 5057.1 522 523 586 587 1064 1064 1064 1064 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 1001 1001 1127 1127 12 24 30 15
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-7 Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (41 to 52) DME PARAMETERS CHANNEL PAIRING INTERROGATION REPLY Pulse Codes DME/P DME Channel VHF FREQ. MHz MLS FREQ. MHz MLS Channel FrequencyMHz DME/Nµs IAM µs FAM µs FrequencyMHz Pulse Codesµs 41X 41Y 41Z 110.40 110.45 − − 5057.4 5057.7 − 588 589 1065 1065 1065 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1002 1128 1128 12 30 15 42X 42W 42Y 42Z 110.50 − 110.55 − 5038.2 5038.5 5058.0 5058.3 524 525 590 591 1066 1066 1066 1066 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 1003 1003 1129 1129 12 24 30 15 43X 43Y 43Z 110.60 110.65 − − 5058.6 5058.9 − 592 593 1067 1067 1067 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1004 1130 1130 12 30 15 44X 44W 44Y 44Z 110.70 − 110.75 − 5038.8 5039.1 5059.2 5059.5 526 527 594 595 1068 1068 1068 1068 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 1005 1005 1131 1131 12 24 30 15 45X 45Y 45Z 110.80 110.85 − − 5059.8 5060.1 − 596 597 1069 1069 1069 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1006 1132 1132 12 30 15 46X 46W 46Y 46Z 110.90 − 110.95 − 5039.4 5039.7 5060.4 5060.7 528 529 598 599 1070 1070 1070 1070 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 1007 1007 1133 1133 12 24 30 15 47X 47Y 47Z 111.00 111.05 − − 5061.0 5061.3 − 600 601 1071 1071 1071 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1008 1134 1134 12 30 15 48X 48W 48Y 48Z 111.10 − 111.15 − 5040.0 5040.3 5061.6 5061.9 530 531 602 603 1072 1072 1072 1072 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 1009 1009 1135 1135 12 24 30 15 49X 49Y 49Z 111.20 111.25 − − 5062.2 5062.5 − 604 605 1073 1073 1073 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1010 1136 1136 12 30 15 50X 50W 50Y 50Z 111.30 − 111.35 − 5040.6 5040.9 5062.8 5063.1 532 533 606 607 1074 1074 1074 1074 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 1011 1011 1137 1137 12 24 30 15 51X 51Y 51Z 111.40 111.45 − − 5063.4 5063.7 − 608 609 1075 1075 1075 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1012 1138 1138 12 30 15 52X 52W 52Y 52Z 111.50 − 111.55 − 5041.2 5041.5 5064.0 5064.3 534 535 610 611 1076 1076 1076 1076 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 1013 1013 1139 1139 12 24 30 15
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-8 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (53 to 68) DME PARAMETERS CHANNEL PAIRING INTERROGATION REPLY Pulse Codes DME/P DME Channel VHF FREQ. MHz MLS FREQ. MHz MLS Channel FrequencyMHz DME/Nµs IAM µs FAM µs Frequency MHz Pulse Codesµs 53X 53Y 53Z 111.60 111.65 − − 5064.5 5064.9 − 612 613 1077 1077 1077 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1014 1140 1140 12 30 15 54X 54W 54Y 54Z 111.70 − 111.75 − 5041.8 5042.1 5065.2 5065.5 536 537 614 615 1078 1078 1078 1078 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 1015 1015 1141 1141 12 24 30 15 55X 55Y 55Z 111.80 111.85 − − 5065.8 5066.1 − 616 617 1079 1079 1079 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1016 1142 1142 12 30 15 56X 56W 56Y 56Z 111.90 − 111.95 − 5042.4 5042.7 5066.4 5066.7 538 539 618 619 1080 1080 1080 1080 12 − 36 − 12 24 36 21 18 30 42 27 1017 1017 1143 1143 12 24 30 15 57X 57Y 112.00 112.05 − − − − 1081 1081 12 36 − − − − 1018 1144 12 30 58X 58Y 112.10 112.15 − − − − 1082 1082 12 36 − − − − 1019 1145 12 30 59X 59Y 112.20 112.25 − − − − 1083 1083 12 36 − − − − 1020 1146 12 30 60X 60Y − − − − − − 1084 1084 12 36 − − − − 1021 1147 12 30 61X 61Y − − − − − − 1085 1085 12 36 − − − − 1022 1148 12 30 62X 62Y − − − − − − 1086 1086 12 36 − − − − 1023 1149 12 30 63X 63Y − − − − − − 1087 1087 12 36 − − − − 1024 1150 12 30 64X 64Y − − − − − − 1088 1088 12 36 − − − − 1151 1025 12 30 65X 65Y − − − − − − 1089 1089 12 36 − − − − 1152 1026 12 30 66X 66Y − − − − − − 1090 1090 12 36 − − − − 1153 1027 12 30 67X 67Y − − − − − − 1091 1091 12 36 − − − − 1154 1028 12 30 68X 68Y − − − − − − 1092 1092 12 36 − − − − 1155 1029 12 30
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-9 Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (69 to 85) DME PARAMETERS CHANNEL PAIRING INTERROGATION REPLY Pulse Codes DME/P DME Channel VHF FREQ. MHz MLS FREQ. MHz MLS Channel FrequencyMHz DME/Nµs IAM µs FAM µs FrequencyMHz Pulse Codesµs 69X 69Y − − − − − − 1093 1093 12 36 − − − − 1156 1030 12 30 70X 70Y 112.30 112.35 − − − − 1094 1094 12 36 − − − − 1157 1031 12 30 71X 71Y 112.40 112.45 − − − − 1095 1095 12 36 − − − − 1158 1032 12 30 72X 72Y 112.50 112.55 − − − − 1096 1096 12 36 − − − − 1159 1033 12 30 73X 73Y 112.60 112.65 − − − − 1097 1097 12 36 − − − − 1160 1034 12 30 74X 74Y 112.70 112.75 − − − − 1098 1098 12 36 − − − − 1161 1035 12 30 75X 75Y 112.80 112.85 − − − − 1099 1099 12 36 − − − − 1162 1036 12 30 76X 76Y 112.90 112.95 − − − − 1100 1100 12 36 − − − − 1163 1037 12 30 77X 77Y 113.00 113.05 − − − − 1101 1101 12 36 − − − − 1164 1038 12 30 78Y 78Y 113.10 113.15 − − − − 1102 1102 12 36 − − − − 1165 1039 12 30 79X 79Y 113.20 113.25 − − − − 1103 1103 12 36 − − − − 1166 1040 12 30 80X 80Y 80Z 113.30 113.35 − − 5067.0 5067.3 − 620 621 1104 1104 1104 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1167 1041 1041 12 30 15 81X 81Y 81Z 113.40 113.45 − − 5067.6 5067.9 − 622 623 1105 1105 1105 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1168 1042 1042 12 30 15 82X 82Y 82Z 113.50 113.55 − − 5068.2 5068.5 − 624 625 1106 1106 1106 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1169 1043 1043 12 30 15 83X 83Y 83Z 113.60 113.65 − − 5068.8 5069.1 − 626 627 1107 1107 1107 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1170 1044 1044 12 30 15 84X 84Y 84Z 113.70 113.75 − − 5069.4 5069.7 − 628 629 1108 1108 1108 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1171 1045 1045 12 30 15 85X 85Y 85Z 113,80 113,85 - 5070.0 5071.3 1109 1109 1109 12 36 - - 36 21 - 42 27 1172 1046 1046 12 30 15
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-10 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (86 to 99) DME PARAMETERS CHANNEL PAIRING INTERROGATION REPLY Pulse Codes DME/P DME Channel VHF FREQ. MHz MLS FREQ. MHz MLS Channel FrequencyMHz DME/Nµs IAM µs FAM µs Frequency MHz Pulse Codesµs 86X 86Y 86Z 113.90 113.95 − − 5070.6 5070.9 − 632 633 1110 1110 1110 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1173 1047 1047 12 30 15 87X 87Y 87Z 114.00 114.05 − − 5071.2 5071.5 − 634 635 1111 1111 1111 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1174 1048 1048 12 30 15 88X 88Y 88Z 114.10 114.15 − − 5071.8 5072.1 − 636 637 1112 1112 1112 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1175 1049 1049 12 30 15 89X 89Y 89Z 114.20 114.25 − − 5072.4 5072.7 − 638 639 1113 1113 1113 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1176 1050 1050 12 30 15 90X 90Y 90Z 114.30 114.35 − − 5073.0 5073.3 − 640 641 1114 1114 1114 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1177 1051 1051 12 30 15 91X 91Y 91Z 114.40 114.45 − − 5073.6 5073.9 − 642 643 1115 1115 1115 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1178 1052 1052 12 30 15 92X 92Y 92Z 114.50 114.55 − − 5074.2 5074.5 − 644 645 1116 1116 1116 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1179 1053 1053 12 30 15 93X 93Y 93Z 114.60 114.65 − − 5074.8 5075.1 − 646 647 1117 1117 1117 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1180 1054 1054 12 30 15 94X 94Y 94Z 114.70 114.75 − − 5075.4 5075.7 − 648 649 1118 1118 1118 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1181 1055 1055 12 30 15 95X 95Y 95Z 114.80 114.85 − − 5076.0 5076.3 − 650 651 1119 1119 1119 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1182 1056 1056 12 30 15 96X 96Y 96Z 114.90 114.95 − − 5076.6 5076.9 − 652 653 1120 1120 1120 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1183 1057 1057 12 30 15 97X 97Y 97Z 115.00 115.05 − − 5077.2 5077.5 − 654 655 1121 1121 1121 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1184 1058 1058 12 30 15 98X 98Y 98Z 115.10 115.15 − − 5077.8 5078.1 − 656 657 1122 1122 1122 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1185 1059 1059 12 30 15 99X 99Y 99Z 115.20 115.25 − − 5078.4 5078.7 − 658 659 1123 1123 1123 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1186 1060 1060 12 30 15
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-11 Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (100 to 113) DME PARAMETERS CHANNEL PAIRING INTERROGATION REPLY Pulse Codes DME/P DME Channel VHF FREQ. MHz MLS FREQ. MHz MLS Channel FrequencyMHz DME/Nµs IAM µs FAM µs FrequencyMHz Pulse Codesµs 100X 100Y 100Z 115.30 115.35 − − 5079.0 5079.3 − 660 661 1124 1124 1124 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1187 1061 1061 12 30 15 101X 101Y 101Z 115.40 115.45 − − 5079.6 5079.9 − 662 663 1125 1125 1125 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1188 1062 1062 12 30 15 102X 102Y 102Z 115.50 115.55 − − 5080.2 5080.5 − 664 665 1126 1126 1126 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1189 1063 1063 12 30 15 103X 103Y 103Z 115.60 115.65 − − 5080.8 5081.1 − 666 667 1127 1127 1127 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1190 1064 1064 12 30 15 104X 104Y 104Z 115.70 115.75 − − 5081.4 5081.7 − 668 669 1128 1128 1128 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1191 1065 1065 12 30 15 105X 105Y 105Z 115.80 115.85 − − 5082.0 5082.3 − 670 671 1129 1129 1129 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1192 1066 1066 12 30 15 106X 106Y 106Z 115.90 115.95 − − 5082.6 5082.9 − 672 673 1130 1130 1130 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1193 1067 1067 12 30 15 107X 107Y 107Z 116.00 116.05 − − 5083.2 5083.5 − 674 675 1131 1131 1131 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1194 1068 1068 12 30 15 108X 108Y 108Z 116.10 116.15 − − 5083.8 5084.1 − 676 677 1132 1132 1132 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1195 1069 1069 12 30 15 109X 109Y 109Z 116.20 116.25 − − 5084.4 5084.7 − 678 679 1133 1133 1133 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1196 1070 1070 12 30 15 110X 110Y 110Z 116.30 116.35 − − 5085.0 5085.3 − 680 681 1134 1134 1134 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1197 1071 1071 12 30 15 111X 111Y 111Z 116.40 116.45 − − 5085.6 5085.9 − 682 683 1135 1135 1135 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1198 1072 1072 12 30 15 112X 112Y 112Z 116.50 116.55 − − 5086.2 5086.5 − 684 685 1136 1136 1136 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1199 1073 1073 12 30 15 113X 113Y 113Z 116.60 116.65 − − 5086.8 5087.1 − 686 687 1137 1137 1137 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1200 1074 1074 12 30 15
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-12 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 Table 1-2. Frequencies and Code Pulses for DME Channels (114 to 126) DME PARAMETERS CHANNEL PAIRING INTERROGATION REPLY Pulse Codes DME/P DME Channel VHF FREQ. MHz MLS FREQ. MHz MLS Channel FrequencyMHz DME/Nµs IAM µs FAM µs Frequency MHz Pulse Codesµs 114X 114Y 114Z 116.70 116.75 − − 5087.4 5087.7 − 688 689 1138 1138 1138 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1201 1075 1075 12 30 15 115X 115Y 115Z 116.80 116.85 − − 5088.0 5088.3 − 690 691 1139 1139 1139 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1202 1076 1076 12 30 15 116X 116Y 116Z 116.90 116.95 − − 5088.6 5088.9 − 692 693 1140 1140 1140 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1203 1077 1077 12 30 15 117X 117Y 117Z 117.00 117.05 − − 5089.2 5089.5 − 694 695 1141 1141 1141 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1204 1078 1078 12 30 15 118X 118Y 118Z 117.10 117.15 − − 5089.8 5090.1 − 696 697 1142 1142 1142 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1205 1079 1079 12 30 15 119X 119Y 119Z 117.20 117.25 − − 5090.4 5090.7 − 698 699 1143 1143 1143 12 36 − − 36 21 − 42 27 1206 1080 1080 12 30 15 120X 120Y 117.30 117.35 − − − − 1144 1144 12 36 − − − − 1207 1081 12 30 121X 121Y 117.40 117.45 − − − − 1145 1145 12 36 − − − − 1208 1082 12 30 122X 122Y 117.50 117.55 − − − − 1146 1146 12 36 − − − − 1209 1083 12 30 123X 123Y 117.60 117.65 − − − − 1147 1147 12 36 − − − − 1210 1084 12 30 124X 124Y 117.70 117.75 − − − − 1148 1148 12 36 − − − − 1211 1085 12 30 125X 125Y 117.80 117.85 − − − − 1149 1149 12 36 − − − − 1212 1086 12 30 126X 126Y 117.90 117.95 − − − − 1150 1150 12 36 − − − − 1213 1087 12 30
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-13 1.3 GENERAL FEATURES OF THE EQUIPMENT 1.3.1 Equipment Versions The DME 415 and 435 are respectively the lower power and the higher power versions of a complete family of latest-generation equipment composed by: - Approach DME 415: a 100 W solid-state DME can be installed also in co-location with ILS - En-route DME 435: a 1 kW solid-state DME can be installed also in co-location with VOR or DVOR. The two versions all feature a high commonality of modules and of principles of operation. 1.3.2 Main Feature of the Equipment The main features of the equipment are: • Compliant with the ICAO specifications in Annex 10, 5th ed. and Eurocae MPS Ed. 57, standard 1 as applicable. • Compliant with EEC Directives for CE Marking (EMC and Safety) • Housed in a single 19" cabinet • Powerable both from mains and standard 48 V batteries, with a built-in battery charger as an option • Fully dualized, (being composed of two transponders and two monitoring systems ) but configurable also in the following versions: 1) single TRX and single Monitor 2) single TRX and dual Monitor • Completely modular • Accurate distance information: up to ±15 m • Digitally controlled output pulse shape • Microprocessor-controlled monitors and transponders • Monitor-independent reply delay self-adjustment • Automatically performed self-check and measurements, the results of which can be continuously displayed • Automatically provided ICAO performance checks at programmable intervals and results storing/displaying/printing • Capable of executing a resident diagnostic program to help the operator in fault location. • Operable as a stand-alone unit, but conceived to be co-located with other navaids like ILS,VOR or DVOR • Control by a Personal Computer (PC) at beacon site, which can be duplicated at remote site; the PC can also be a portable unit to be connected only when required for maintenance reasons • Remote control is fully compatible with all the system 400 equipment and with previous versions of DME’s (FSD-40/45) • Able to be connected to both an RCSU-2040 (part of Thales: Remote Maintenance and Monitoring Configuration - RMMC) and the FRCM/NS Remote Control and Monitoring Network System, or new remote control MCS (Monitoring and Control System): highly versatile systems for interfacing and controlling different navaids facilities.
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-14 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 1.3.2.1 Engineering • Accessibility: front door access is only required. Equipment can be wall-mounted. • Modularity: all circuits are divided into functional modules. • Interconnections: extensive use is made of printed board back panels, flat ribbon cables and semi-rigid coaxial cables. • Identifications: all modules are easily recognizable by P/N and a two/three/four-letter code (e.g.: RX, TX, DPR, BCPS) permanently marked on easily readable surfaces. All modules, cables and connectors are marked and keyed to prevent incorrect connection. • Cooling: no blowers are required to remove heat from the equipment. Use is made of extruded aluminum heat sinks. • Printed boards: two - or multilayer printed boards with plated-through holes are used throughout the equipment. High frequency circuits are implemented in microstrip technique. • RF shielding: all RF circuits are accurately shielded in casting boxes. • Components: only high-quality components are used, in order to meet the reliability requirements. • Corrosion: protection against corrosion and fungus is obtained by means of suitable materials, finishes and coatings. 1.3.2.2 Safety • The equipment is designed to be intrinsically safe for the user. No dangerous voltages except mains are used. • All modules or places, where a dangerous voltage may be accessible, are firmly protected by covers not removable without using tools and are clearly marked with warning readouts. • Special protective circuits are built-in in order to ensure that any failure in the equipment does not cause further damage to other parts or components. 1.3.2.3 Installation • Installation of DME 415-435 requires preparation of the site (i.e. shelter or equipment room, antenna support mast, cable layout, power and ground connections etc.- (see section 2 "INSTALLATION" and ANNEX A "DME ANTENNA SITING CRITERIA" in this manual). • Installation of the equipment is simple and can be accomplished in few hours even by unskilled personnel with a minimum of tools. The equipment only requires a minimum of shelter room. • Ground and flight tests may be performed with the assistance of Thales technicians if requested. 1.3.2.4 Operation • The Operator's interface consists of a PC terminal connected to the equipment. The basic control of the equipment (on/off or changeover) is possible with local I/O front panel, however, even when the PC is not available,
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-15 Cabinet Part Number: 297.509.004 Cabinet Part Number: 297.509.007 Figure 1.4. DME 415 (same as DME 435) – Cabinet and PC, example of arrangement
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-16 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 1.4 BEACON COMPOSITION AND IDENTIFICATION The DME 415/435 ground equipment, as shown in figure 1.4, is constructed by THALES Italia S.p.A Air Systems Division - Milan - Italy. The DME versions are mounted in two cabinet’s types shown in figure 1.4 to customer choice. The related reference modules labels of the equipment DME415/435 are given in table 1-3. Table 1-3. Composition of the Equipment Dual Single Name Ref. Q.ty Label 1 1 Wired Cabinet (standard) RF Path 2 1 Duplexer DPX 1 1 RF COAX Relay and PBA KCX 1 Coax Dummy Load -100 W, 50 Ω 1 1 External Filter Antenna KIT (optional) 2+2 1+1 10 dB + 10 dB PAD ( only for DME 435) Interface System 1 1 Associated Facility Interface AFI 1 - Dummy Interface TAI 1 1 Modem 1 Party Line (LGM 1200) (option) MDM 1 1 Modem 2 LGM 28,8 D1 (option) MDM Transponder and Monitor 2 1 Power Supply (DC/DC converter; + 5V, ± 15V ) PWS 2 1 Monitor MON 2 1 Receiver RX 2 1 Digital Processor DPR 2 1 Digital Modulator DMD 2 1 Transmitter 100 Wp (also driver for DME 435) TX 100 2 1 Transmitter Amplifier 1kWp (only for DME 435) TKW Local I/O 1 1 Local Control Status Unit composed of: - Control and Status Board - Indication and Controls LCSU CSB INC Power Supply 1 1 Battery Charger and Power Supply subrack (option) BCPS 2 1 AC/DC 600W Module (option) AC-DC 1 1 Terminal bar- 48Vdc (option) - 1 1 Batteries supervisor only for BCPS Frako (option) -
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-17 Table 1-4 gives the composition of the user interface for the local and remote sites. The accompanying material supplied with the beacon is listed in table 1-5. Table 1-4. User Interface Composition (option) Q.TY NAME REF. LOCAL SITE: 1 PC Requirements- Lap/Palm top Processor Pentium 90 or better, (for use with MCS monitoring: INTELP4, AMDK7 - Clock speed 2 GHz or better ) Operating system IBM/AT compatible suited to run 95, 98, 2000XP or NT version (for MCS: WIN/NT, W2K, Linux) Main memory 16 MB RAM min. (256/512 MB min for MCS) VGA adapter color display: 32MB HDD: 120 MB min. Hard Disk, min. 20MB free space on HDD ( 20GB/2x20GB min for MCS) 3.5” Floppy Disk FDD (1.44 MB), CDROM drive, Control via mouse or comparable Serial interface connectors - 1 Printer - 1 Status Indicator (repeater of the main indication beacon status) SI 446 REMOTE SITE: 1 Remote Control Status Indicator (composition: see RCSI or RCSE or MCS technical manual) RCSI 446 1 PC Requirements- Lap/Palm top: as Local site - 1 Keyboard (PC desk version) - 1 Printer - 1 Status Indicator (repeater of the main indication beacon status) SI 446
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-18 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 Table 1-5. Material Supplied Name NOTE STANDARD PC interconnection cable OPTIONAL Mains Cable Grounding Cable Battery Cable (+) Battery Cable (-) Auxiliary INPUT Cable (Parallel I/O) Auxiliary OUTPUT Cable (Parallel I/O) Cable for external modem Interface Facility Cable (for AFI interface module) Serial data Cable (D-VOR/ILS) Telephone Cable Antenna coax cable Antenna monitors probe coax cables Obstruction light cable Modem adapter Kit Tool bag Extender board - Video Digital (see Vol. 2 Section 1) Extender board - RF (see Vol. 2 Section 1) Figure 1.4 is a typical example of arrangement of the equipment and shows the front of a door. The local indication and control panel is flush-mounted in the front door. It contains an RS232 connector for interfacing with an intelligent terminal (PC). Figures from 1.5 to 1.9 show the location of the parts and modules of the equipment valid for both cabinet type. Figure 1.8 shows the photos of DME 435 with front door closed and rear of equipment. Each equipment module and part code number is indicated on Vol. 2: List of Components in this Technical Manual.
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-19 1.5 PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL General Description The standard (full dual) configuration of the DME 415-435 equipment is composed of two transponders, a dual monitor system a RF path system, a Panel Control and a coaxial transfer relay unit. The parts of the equipment are housed in a single 19" standard cabinet (cabinet’s types: view in fig. 1.4). The cabinet, which is made of molded and welded steel sheet, can accommodate four 19” assembled carriers (subracks). Plug-in units are used as double or single Euroform printed circuit boards, with dimensions of 233.4 x 220 [mm] or 100 x 220 [mm]. The cabinet, which has a perforated metal plate on top and bottom, is self-ventilated (no forced ventilation necessary). NOTE: Do not block or seal the holes for the cooling air supply. The front part of the cabinet is protected by a hinged door complete of locking mechanism and the Control front Panel (Local I/O). The top end of the cabinet provides four threaded holes used to screw in the eyebolts when the beacon is to be lifted. The RF output connector to the antenna and the RF antenna monitor input connectors are located on top of the cabinet. The RF Duplexer modules are mounted inside of the "RF Amplifier/DPX" subrack on the upper part of the cabinet. The 1 kWp RF amplifier modules are mounted on the lateral sides of the same subrack, while the interface connections (e.g. modem, Associated Facility) are located on the bottom. The RF components of the modules are in shielded casting boxes. The Transponder/Monitor 1 and 2 subracks are located in middle part of the cabinet. The AC/DC power supply units are located on the bottom of the cabinet. The BCPS subrack (optional) comprises a terminal bar for mains and 48Vdc input. Local I/O components (LCSU consisting of CSB module and INC module) are fastened to the hinged front door in the upper part. The CSB board of the LCSU unit, combined with the INC module, is mounted on the rear of the front door. The local control front panel of the INC module part of LCSU unit is equipped with indicators and commands: − the indicators, for immediate check of beacon functioning and − the main commands, for beacon control (acquisition and release of control, powering on/off, transponder change over) without having to use the local PC. The I/O panel with the external interconnection connectors is located in the top end of the cabinet (figure 1.9) The front view of the DME 415 and DME 435 equipments, with the open door, is shown in figures 1.5 and 1.6. These figures show the positions of all the modules, which compose the equipment in the typical full (or dual) version. For special purposes, the equipment can be supplied in a single, non-redundant version, where very high system availability is not mandatory. Figure 1.7 shows the typical single version of the DME 435 equipment. The single version of the DME 415 is the same as the DME 435 in which the final RF amplifier "TKW" module is removed. The DME 415-435, dual or full version, is composed of a wired cabinet housing the following hardware parts and modules:  Local I/O • Local Control and Status Unit (LCSU) composed of − Control Status Board module (CSB) − Indication and Control module (INC) • I/O Panel (on top of the cabinet)
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-20 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005  RF Amplifier/DPX subrack unit consisting of: • Final Amplifier module (DME 435 only) (TKW) • Duplexer module (DPX) • Coaxial Relay and driver PBA (KCX and KCXM) • Coax Dummy Load • Association Facility Interface module (AFI) • Interface (TAI dummy) • Modem modules (optional) (MDM) ( including adapter kit : RS232 to TTL converter) • Backpanel of the TKW (BPKW)  Transponder/Monitor 1 and 2 subrack units, both consisting of: • DC/DC Power Supply module (PWS) • Monitor/Interrogator module (MON) • Receiver module (RX) • Processor module (DPR) • Modulator module (DMD) • Transmitter (driver for DME 435) (TX100) • Backpanel of the transponder/monitor (BPT)  Mains Power unit • Battery Charger Power Supply subrack (BCPS) • AC/DC module (AC/DC) • Terminal Bar All check and maintenance operations can be performed on the front of the equipment, upon opening the cabinet front door. Each subrack can be pulled out after unscrewing the fixing bolts (sliding are not provided). All main modules (except the front ones of the LCSU unit) are plug-in types. Each module slides can be easily pulled out by using proper handles placed on the front. The bottom of the cabinet provides the entrance of the mains and 48 V dc cables through bush fair-leads (see Section 2: INSTALLATION). Connectors of the I/O panel mounted on the upper side of the cabinet provide the connection with the external interface cables. Each subrack has a backpanel on which connectors of the plug-in modules and the subrack interconnection are mounted. All cable connectors (signals and mains) of subrack interconnection are within reach from the front. Interconnection with backpanels is provided by flat ribbon cables for low level signals and by cables for 48Vdc supply. Cables lay on the inside of the cabinet behind the subracks. A 4-way (transfer type) RF coaxial relay is mounted on a support fixed on the upper side of the cabinet by means of bolts (Figure 1.9), which can be unscrewed before inspecting the relay. The relay RF output is directly connected to the antenna connector. The relay is power supplied through a specific interface circuit fixed on the same coaxial relay. The RF connection semi-rigid coaxial cables lay on the inside of the cabinet behind the subracks. The semi-rigid coaxial cables end with floating coaxial connectors used for the sliding modules that also comprise the RF circuits. The floating coaxial connectors are mounted on a reinforcement metal plate fixed on the back of the back panels. The coaxial cables used for the output RF power provide the minimum distance and end with type "N" coaxial connectors.
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-21 DHBCEJ1FDHBCEJ1FAFITX 1DMD 1DPR 1RX 1MON 1PWS 1DPX 2DPX 1TX 2DMD 2DPR 2RX 2MON 2PWS 2AC/DC 1Module OKMains OKV adj-TP+-AC/DC 2Module OKMains OKV adj-TP+-OUT OUTIN INTKW 1 TKW 2N.U.MAINS48VdcIN54 Vdc OUT MDM 1(option)MDM 2 (option)LCSU unitVista retro CONNETTORE d'Antenna Connettori per Sonde Monitori d'Antenna Subrack BCPSRELE'COAXSUBRACKRF AMPL/DPXSUBRACK TRX/MON (1)SUBRACKTRX/MON (2)Barra Terminale PANELLO RF di TEST N.U.Contenitore di Documenti Carico Fittizio 50 Ohm n° 4 Golfari Figure 1.5. DME 435 – Front view with anterior door opened – Full Dual version
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-22 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 DHBCEJ1FDHBCEJ1FAFIMDM 1(opzion.)MDM 2 (opzion.)TX 1DMD 1DPR 1RX 1MON 1PWS 1DPX 2DPX 1TX 2DMD 2DPR 2RX 2MON 2PWS 2AC/DC 1Module OKMain s OKV adj-TP+-AC/DC 2Module OKMai ns O KV adj-TP+-OUT OUTIN INN.U. N.U.ANTENNA MONITORS PROBESCONNECTORS ANTENNA CONNECTOR Nr. 4 eyebolts for to be liftingCOAXRELAY50 Ohm Dummy LoadRF TESTPATCH PANELRF AMPL/DPXSUBRACK TRX/MON (1)SUBRACK TRX/MON (2)SUBRACK Terminal BARBCPS SubrackLCSU unitRear viewDocuments holder Figure 1.6. DME 415 – Front view with anterior door opened – Full Dual version
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-23 DHBCEJ1FAFITXDMDDPRRX MONPWS DPX AC/DC Mod ule OKMain s OKV adj-TP+-OUTINTKW N.U.MAINS48VdcIN54 Vdc OUT N.U.MDM 1(option)MDM 2 (option)DHBCEJ1F50 OhmDummy Load Nr. 4 eyebolts for to be liftingCOAXRELAYRF TESTPATCH PANELRF AMPL/DPXSUBRACK TRX/MON (1)SUBRACK Terminal BARBCPS SubrackLCSU unitRear viewANTENNA MONITORS PROBESCONNECTORS ANTENNA CONNECTOR Documents holder Figure 1.7. DME 435 Single version – Front view with anterior door opened
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-24 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 Figure 1.8. DME 435 – Rear side view of the cabinet NOTE: Rear view valid for both cabinets type
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-25 NOTE: Top end valid for both cabinets type SK6TACAN ANTENNAPL7TEL. LINES1-6= LINE 1 3-8=LINE 2ASSOC. FACILITYAF1AF2SK4SK5PARALLEL PORTIN (16/31)PL4SK3OUT(16/31)SK2PL3IN (0/15)OUT(0/15)PC (RS232)SK1PORT 1 (DCE)PORT 3 (DCE/DTE)PL2PL1PORT 2 (DTE)SER IAL POR T (R S232)M2M1ANTENNA CONNECTOR "N" type FemaleN° 4 eyeboltsFrontRearAIRING GRID I/O PANELNOT to SCALEANTENNA MONITORS CONNECTORS "N" type Female Figure 1.9. DME 415/435 – Top view
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-26 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 1.6 EQUIPMENT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 1.6.1 General Overview The DME 415/435 system consists of hardware based on RF and video PBA, and of software that largely controls the hardware. In order to explain these functions, the description is divided in following main parts as by composition of the equipment (see also the simplified general block schematic with the main RF signals on fig 1.10. The system is subdivided into the following units (dual or single version): - Transponder (RX, DPR, DMD, TX-100, PWS) - Transmitter Amplifier 1kWp (TKW) (only for DME 435) - RF path – Duplexer and Coax. Relay (DPX, KCX, MKCX and TAI dummy) - Monitor (MON) - Local I/O (LCSU) - Associated Facility Interface (AFI) - AC/DC Power supply (BCPS) - Antenna - Modem (optional) - Remote Control Indication (RCSI/RCSE or MCS) Transmitter and monitor are controlled by their own individual microprocessors. Both communicate with the LCSU, controlled by its own microprocessor. The transponder processor performs the following main tasks: - General management of the transponder - Digital and video processing - Control/adjustment of main delay - Control/adjustment of modulation for peak power and pulse shape The monitor processor performs the following main tasks: - General management of the monitor - RF signal generation of interrogation pair for executive monitoring - Evaluation of the transponder reply signals and receiver sensitivity (in Antenna and Dummy load) - Execution of appropriate actions in case of fault detection (station changeover or shutdown) - Ensuring of its own performance independent of environmental conditions and component aging (selfcheck) The software packages (i.e., transponder SW, monitor SW, LCSU SW, PC WIN Supervisor, WIN ADRACS or MCS and WIN EQUIPMENT MANAGER) looks after and supports the most important tasks as follows: - Startup (alignment and calibration of the set up) - Modulation and transmitter control - Signal generation - Monitoring the output signal of the transponder - Support in system repair and maintenance - Operation of the system (local/remote)
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-27 The Local I/O (LCSU) processor performs the following main tasks: - Communication via serial line RS232 with the monitor(s) and via serial line RS485 with transponders - Beacon-operator interface via Personal Computer - Basic beacon-operator interface via the Control Panel front door - Check of the settings of equipment - Connection to one or more remote control centers through switched or dedicated telephone lines - Communication via modem with remote monitoring and site control - History management The Duplexer and RF path performs the following main tasks: - Exchanges the RF path of the main transponder and of the stand-by transponder on the antenna and on the internal dummy load - Coupling signal for monitoring interrogation - Coupling signal for Pilot pulse - Manual RF test with patch panel 1.6.2 DME 415/435 System Functional Description The beacon comprises the following main parts: − I/O system (LCSU, RCSI/RCSE or MCS, SI, PC, MDM); − Transponder (RX, DPR, DMD, TX100, PWS); − 1kWp Amplifier (TKW only DME435) − RF path (DPX, Patch-panel); − Monitoring (MON); − Interface (AFI) and (TAI dummy); − AC/DC power supply (BCPS). − DME Antenna The beacon can also be configured as single transponder either with one or two monitor(s). The simplified functional block diagram of the dual configuration is shown in figure 1.10. The simplified functional block diagram of the main RF signal path is shown in figure 1.11 A coaxial transfer switch (controlled by Monitors) is used to the transponder(s) either with the antenna line (main transponder) or with the internal dummy load (stand-by transponder) (see figure 1.10). The antenna probes are used to monitoring the reply RF signals (figures 1.10 and 1.11) Figures 1.12 and 1.13 are simplified functional block diagrams of the I/O and power supply systems respectively.
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-28 1-28Transponder 1 (TRX-1)PWS-1statusch-overRS 232 RS 232REMOTE control unit /PCLocal PCDPX-1RX TXANTENNA MONITOR PROBESDPX-2RXTXTransponder 2 (TRX-2)COAXRELAY5V, ±15V5V, ±15VBCPSMAINS BATT.PWS-25V, ±15VMON-1 MON-2LCSULocal I/ORS-485 RS-485+48Vdc+48Vdc5Vto LCSUAFIto/from TRX1 TRX2Assoc. FacilityDC/DCPower Supply DC/DCPower SupplyBattery Charger AC/DC Power SupplyRF Reply pulses for monitoringRF Interrogation pulses for monitoringRF Interrog./Reply pair pulses Monitor MonitorADDER/DIVIDER17dB coupler20 dB couplerX ModeY ModePilot PulseRS-4855Vto LCSUto AssociatedFacility ADDER/DIVIDER Figure 1.10. DME 415/435 – Simplified general block diagram
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-29 1-29 63 MHzDPX- 2 ABBAABABS2AAAB &&10dB10dBdBdBdBdBdB dB6666dB dB1713 131710dB10dB10dB(SEE NOTE) ( SEE NOTE) 11232344(SEE NOTE)ANT10dB(SEE NOTE)"SMA""SMA" "SMA" "SMA" "SMA""SMA" MONITOR SWITCHES POSITION SWITCHInterrog. for CALIB. B X B A X Interrog. to RX1/2 A A/B B A X REPLY from TX1/2 B A/B A X XANTENNA Monit. PROBE X X X X BDIAGNOSTIC X X X B AS1 S2 S3 S4 S5PLUG-IN Type COAX CONNECTOR Module REF POSITION43211, 2, 3, 4 = DPX1, 2, 3 = RX, MON1, 2, = TX 21 dB 21 dBKCX50 ohmDummyLoad3232132321RF PATCH PANEL 1Pilot PulseMON I/ORX IN63 MHz17dBRX 1TKW1SYNTH.VCOTX 1IF59 MHzVCOSYNTH.S2S1S3S5S4DETDET-AABBABAABBADET-ADET59 MHzVCOSYNTH.BAAAABBBAS2S3S1S4S5MON 1 MON 220 dB 20 dBBRX 2 TKW217dBVCOSYNTH.TX 1IF20 dB 17dBDPX 1LRXINHD1LRXINHM1LRXINHD2LRXINHM2MON I/O RX INPilot PulseRF PATCH PANEL 217dB 20 dB21112NOTE: 10 dB Attenuators used when TKW is present DME 415/4351KCXMTransfer coax relayReply Measur. andDiagnostic PurposeMEASUREM. MEASUREM.63 MHz 63 MHz"N" "N" "N"W1 W2W2"N" "N" "N""TNC""TNC""TNC""TNC""N""N""N""N"W6"N"W6"N""SM A "W8bW7bW5bW5a W7a W8aW9W9W3aW3bW3W4W9W9W10W10 W8a W7a W5aW7bW8b W5b"SMA"W3W3aW4W3b"N""N""N""N"W1=Antenna (Ext)W2=Antenna Probes (Ext)W3=TX to DPXW3a=TKW to DPX (DME435)W6=DPX to KCXW7a=RX test via Patch PanelW7b=RX test via Patch PanelED.: 1 - 1999BPF(opt)W4=RX to TXW5a=DPX to RX via Patch PanelW5b=RX to DPX via Patch PanelINTERCONNECTING COAX CABLESW8a=MON Interr/Reply via Patch PanelW8b=MON Interr/Reply via Patch PanelW9=MON Interr/Reply (Cross interconnecting)W10=Antenna ProbesW3b=TX to TKW (DME435)INTERCONNECTING COAX CABLES Figure 1.11. DME 415/435 – Main RF path signals - General simplified block diagram
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-30 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 PARALLELI/OCPUMODEM 1 SERIAL COMMUNICAT.CONTROLLER SERIAL COMMUNICAT.CONTROLLERPCPRINTERSTATUS SITE INDICATIONTELEPH. LINE(PC Remote or RCSI)RS232DRIVER RECEIVER (CSB module)CONTROL PANEL &STA TUS IND.INC moduleAUXILIARY ON/OFF Controls and IndicationsMON1 MON2+5 VESD protection(option)RS232DRIVER RECEIVERRS232DRIVER RECEIVERRS485DRIVER RECEIVER SERIAL COMMUNICAT.CONTROLLERRS232DRIVER RECEIVERTRX1TRX2RS232DRIVER RECEIVERMODEM 2TELEPH. LINE(PC Remote or RCSI)ESD protection(option)RS 232 Seial Line RS 232 Seial LineRS 485 Seial LineLCSU unitSI446RS422RS232Asyncro Conv. Interf. TRANSPONDERS Communication Figure 1.12. DME 415/435 – Local I/O system general block diagram AC/DC 1600 W/10ABATT.+-+-+-+-AC/DC 2600 W/10A++--MAINS+-Typical50A/h-48V BREAKERS on external Electrical Switchboard (recommended)External BATT RELAY SWITCH (Optional)ACFTY1ACFTY2MAINS1MAINS2BPDPLCommand ON/OFF (N.U.) (From LCSU) INDICATIONS (To LCSU)Fuse 10AFuse 2A48V to service purposeFuse 10A*)*)48V to transponder/monitor 248V to transponder/monitor 1 Figure 1.13. DME 415/435 – AC/DC Power Supply system & Battery Charge - Block diagram
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-31 1.6.3 I/O SYSTEM - Functional description Consist of the Local and Remote Control & Maintenance System. The I/O system is totally modular; it is able to meet any type of requirement that may arise in an installation. Main features of the System are: • Control/monitoring of the equipment by means of a standard Personal Computer, and/or Remote Control & Status Indicator and/or a Status Indicator of the beacon main indication. • Control and monitoring of the beacon and its associated equipment (only on customer request), if any (e.g. VOR/ILS), by using a Personal Computer. • Possibility to control, monitor and maintain the equipment station by using the public switched network or dedicated telephone lines It is composed by the following main parts: – Local Control & Status Unit "LCSU" housed inside the equipment, consisting of the Control Status Board module (CSB), the Indication and Control module (INC) and I/O panel – Remote Control & Status Indicator "RCSI 446, RCSE 443 or MCS" (optional). – Status Indicator "SI 446" (optional). – standard Personal Computer IBM compatible (optional). – Modem (optional). 1.6.3.1 I/O Local site At the local site, the beacon-operator interface consists of: − Module INC (LCSU) control and indication front panel; − Personal Computer (optional), which allows the operator to completely control and monitor the beacon; − Status Indicator SI446 (optional), which may be installed in the equipment control room or control tower. It is handled by the LCSU unit, which also controls the communication with other equipment and/or device(s), through RS-232C serial interface ports or through modem and telephone lines. − The I/O Panel (figure 1.14) located on the top end of the cabinet is complete with a set of interconnection connectors interface the external equipment or devices. A typical configuration of the local site set-up is shown in figure 1.15.
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-32 1-32 SK6TACAN ANTENNAPL7TEL. LINES1-6= LINE 1 3-8=LINE 2ASSOC. FACILITYAF1AF2SK4SK5PARALLEL PORTIN (16/31)PL4SK3OUT(16/31)SK2PL3IN (0/15)OUT(0/15)PC (RS232)SK1PORT 1 (DCE)PORT 3 (DCE/DTE)PL2PL1PORT 2 (DTE)SERIAL PORT (RS232)PL1 = UNAVAILABLE if MDM 2 IS USEDPL2 = UNAVAILABLE if MDM 1 IS USEDSK1 = PC connection UNAVAILABLE if PC connector on FRONT PANEL is USEDSK2 = N° 16 AUXILIARY ON/OFF OUT SIGNALS (standard)PL3 = N° 16 AUXILIARY ON/OFF IN SIGNALS (standard) (e.g. possible Site Status Indication)SK3 = N° 16 AUXILIARY ON/OFF OUT SIGNALS (optional)PL4 = N° 16 AUXILIARY ON/OFF IN SIGNALS (optional)SK4 = Associated Facility EQPT 1SK5 = Associated Facility EQPT 2SK6 = N.U.PL7 = N° 2 Telephon LineInternal MODEM connected Figure 1.14. I/O Panel
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-33 1-33RS 232STATUS INDICATOR SI 446 - 2/8WARNINGNORM ALALARM1ONSILLAMPTES TEQUIPMENT STATUS SIWARNINGNO R M ALALARM2CONTROL ROOMRS 232PCRS 422STATUS INDICATOR SI 446 - 2/8WARNINGNORM ALALARM1ONSILLAM PTESTEQUIPMENT STATUS SIWARNINGNORM ALALARM2RS 232Modem PCRS 232TELEPHONE LINE CONNECTION WITH A REMOTE CONTROL MONITORING CENTRE SERIAL LINE (B) (RS-232) OTHER EQUIPMENT (I. E., VOR, EXTERNAL MODEM, ETC.) AsyncronousConverter InterfaceCONTROL TOWEROPTION 1OPTION 2(P C OPTION) PARALLEL LINE ON/OFF DATA (OTHER EQUIPMENT or DEVICE e.g SITE STATUS )EQUIPMENT ROOMPL7PL2PL3SK2NOTE 1: C&D line UNAVAILABLE if A&B line ARE USED and viceversa NOTE 2: On OPTION 1&2possible use of RCSI 446-2/8 Remote ControlPL1DME 415 / 435 Switched or dedicated teleph. LINE ( C)RS 422 SERIAL LINE (A) RS 232LINE (D) SERIAL LINE (max. 1km) (or dedicated line) Figure 1.15. Local site set up – Typical configuration
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-34 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 1.6.3.2 LOCAL CONTROL & STATUS UNIT (LCSU) The LCSU unit is the local main unit connecting the equipment to the remote control system. It also handles the communication with remote monitoring and control sites, which takes place also through modem and telephone line(s). It is mounted into the equipment cabinet but it is a functionally separate block. The LCSU is powered by the service voltages of the DME equipment. Its main functions: • sends basic controls to the equipment; • displays the status of the equipment ; • interfaces modem(s) connecting the equipment with remote units or PCs; • interfaces the local PC to control-monitor the equipment and to perform maintenance operations at the site; • interfaces the co-located equipment (only on customer request). • manages the two modems (optional, placed inside the equipment) that operate with dedicated or switched lines up to 28.800 bps. LCSU consists of the following parts (figure 1.16): • the Control & Status Board (CSB 186 module) that carries the unit management software. • the control panel and the status indicator (INC module) used to forward the basic controls and to display the equipment operating status. INCINDICATION & FRONT PANELCSBCONTROL & STATUS BOARDCPU & MEMORIESI/O PARALLEL LINESSERIAL LINES COMMUNICATIONTo I/O PANEL -IN&OUTTo PCTo EquipmentPort 1Port 2,3AUX ON/OFF CONTROLSPort 4,5,6To I/O PANELAUX ON/OFF n° 12 IN from Equipment Figure 1.16. LCSU - Simplified Block Diagram
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-35 CHANNEL 2RS232DTECHANNEL 3RS232DTE/DCECHANNEL 4RS232DCECHANNEL 4RS485/422CHANNEL 5RS232DTECHANNEL 6RS232DTEPARALLELINPUT/OUTPUTCONTROLSfrom KEYBOARDINDICATION to FRONT PANELBUS forEXPANSIONCSX module (option)POWER SUPPLYM21M18M17M32M53M30M22CHANNEL 1RS232DCEDRIVERRECEIVERRS232CDRIVERRECEIVERRS232CDRIVERRECEIVERRS232CDRIVERRECEIVERRS232CDRIVERRECEIVERRS485DRIVERRECEIVERRS232CDRIVERRECEIVERRS232CSOLID STATE RELAYSOUTPUTREGISTERINPUTREGISTEROPTOCOUPLERINPUTREGISTERINPUTREGISTEROUTPUTREGISTEROUTPUTREGISTERSERIALEEPROM2k x 8EPROM1 MbitRAM - 1MbitBatteryNI-CD3,6V ResetWatch-Dogand BatteryBackUpCircuitWatch DogIndicationRESETCPUSERIALCOMMUNIC.CONTROLLERSERIALCOMMUNIC.CONTROLLERSERIALCOMMUNIC.CONTROLLER+5V,+15V161648RXDTXDOU 0...4IndicationTo SK1 PC I/O PanelTo PL2 MDM1 I/O PanelTo PL2 MDM2 I/O PanelTo Transponders (1&2)(DMD modules)N.U.To MON 1 moduleTo MON 2 moduleTo SK2 and PL3I/O Paneland BCPSTo INC moduleSocket N.U. Figure 1.17. CSB module – Simplified Block Diagram
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-36 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 1.6.3.2.1 CONTROL AND STATUS BOARD - CSB module – Functional description The main functions of the CSB module (see figures 1.18 block diagram) are as follows: − management of interfacing between the equipment and remote system; − up-dating of the remote site unit; − communication with the monitors on the RS-232C serial links; − communication with the transponder equipment on the RS-485 serial link; − driving of the indications and acquisition of the commands of the INC module − management of the RS-232C serial communication line with the PC terminal; − management of the RS-232C serial communication line towards the MODEM and towards an optional external MODEM for connection to specific remote controls on a telephone line; − management of the ON/OFF type input and output auxiliary signal using the parallel ports; − storage of the system configuration in a non-volatile memory (EEPROM); − management of the calendar for the entire system; − management of the RS-232C and/or RS-485 serial communication lines that can be used for any associated equipment connected on a serial link. − History management − Management of control function line: Beacon Restart, Automatic Routine check, Warning detection, Alignment of the Parameter of the intelligent units (Monitors, DMD modules), Searching and Building of the Data requested by the Remote/Local site through PC Through the CPU and program memories, the CSB module manages: − INC Module (Indications and Controls); − local operator interface through PC; − interface with remote operator via modem to RCSI/RCSE (Remote Control and Status Unit) or MCS by means of dedicated or switched telephone line; − SI 446 (Status Indicator) auxiliary indicator via the parallel ports; − association between auxiliary ON/OFF input and output lines (parallel ports); − serial channel operation; − an RTC (Real Time Clock) calendar with rechargeable buffer battery; − I/O configuration non-volatile memories. The composition of the CSB module, shown in figure 1.18, consists in the following function blocks: − CPU and memories; − 6-channel serial lines; − Parallel ports with 16 input and 16 output lines.
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-37 OPTO ISOLATOROPTO ISOLATORCPUuP 80C188BAUD RATEGENERATORMEMSRAM - EPROMMEMPARALLELEEPROMMEMSERIALEEPROMCONFIGURATIONMEMORYRTCREAL TIMECLOCKSCCSERIAL COMMUNICATION CONTROLLERDRIVER RECEIVERDRIVER RECEIVERSCCSERIAL COMMUNICATION CONTROLLERDRIVER RECEIVERDRIVER RECEIVERLINKJUMPERDTE/DCERS232RS232RS232RS232DRIVER RECEIVERRS485SCCSERIAL COMMUNICATION CONTROLLERDRIVER RECEIVERDRIVER RECEIVERRS232RS232INPUTREGISTERSOUTPUTREGISTERSINPUT/OUTPUTREGISTERSOPTO SOLID STATE RELAYSLINK JUMPER SELECTORINCINDICATION &CONTROLS PANELBACK UPBATTERYRS232 DCECHANNEL 1RS232 DTECHANNE L 2RS232 DTE/DCECHANNE L 3RS232 DCECHANNE L 4RS485CHANNE L 4RS232 DCECHANNE L 5RS232 DTECHANNE L 6PARALLEL LINE N° 8 INPUT GND LEVEL PARALLEL LINEN° 8 INPUTPARALLELN° 16 OUTPUTSCPU & MEMORIESSERIAL LINES COMMUNICATIONI/O PARALLEL LINESCSB CONTROL & STATUS BOARDPCRS232BUSLEVEL & POLARITY PRESETTINGN° 5 OUTPUTS TTLN.U. Figure 1.18. CSB module – General Block Diagram 1.6.3.2.1.1 CPU and Memories The 80C188 type microprocessor works internally with a frequency of 7.3728 MHz by means of a double frequency quartz (it is divided internally by the CPU) and it uses integrated circuits UL6,7,8 to manage the data bus and address buses (see figure 1.19 ). The 14.7456 MHz quartz frequency is used by the baud rate generator of the SCC (Serial Communication Controller) and passes without alteration from FW2 (in cases of quartz frequency change, the clock can be divided) to provide the BRGSCC signal.
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-38 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 The multiplexed portion of the address bus is stored in two latches (UL6 and UL7) in order to have stable signals during the various CPU cycles. The data bus is connected to the peripherals and the memories by a bi-directional buffer (UL8). This solution has been used, to overcome not bus electric drive problems, but peripheral problems (such as the RTC that does not release the bus before the CPU starts the next cycle). A perpetual real time calendar (RTC - Real Time Clock) useful to date the events stored in the “history” is installed to ensure the data concerning events that have taken place in the history of the TACAN equipment is picked up. The manual updating of the date is managed by the “Supervisor” program. The function is provided by the low consumption integrated circuit (4 μA at 2.2 V) UL5 (RTC) that operates with a 38.768 kHz ceramic quartz. This updates and supplies the complete actual date to the μP. The RTC memory is not lost when there is no direct voltage since the BT1 buffer battery is switched onto UL5 from IC UL4 that constantly compares the +5 Vdc. If this is missing, a switching electronic device enables the BT1 battery. Under these conditions, the typical life of the rechargeable NiCd battery (3.6 V and 60 mA/h) is approx. six months. Through the FW1 circuit (Firmware EPLD - Electrical Programmable Logic Device), the IC UL4 (Supervisory) indicates that the program running will retrigger the timer correctly and consequently LED “WD” (Watch Dog) RD4 will remain alight, indicating that the program running is correctly active. In the case of a hardware fault or software failure, LEDs RD4 and OPERATION (of the INC) will not light up, indicating that the CSB module is not operating correctly. Integrated circuit IC UL4, besides monitoring the CPU activity, also checks the level of the +5 Vdc; if this degrades to values below ≤ 4.65 V a “Warning” signal is generated. Integrated circuit IC UL4 also checks the state of the buffer battery, and through the BATF signal indicates the Warning State. IC UL16 (serial EEPROM) stores the I/O system configuration data, that does not usually vary a lot; it can hold data for about 100 years, and this is the reason why another type of less secure memory (RAM) is not used with a buffer battery. RESET push-button I1 is used to restore and reinitialize the CPU program. Integrated circuits FW1 and FW2 are specifically programmed to decode the selection of memories and I/O peripherals, and to generate a clock for the serial port controllers. The EPROM memories for the program (M7) and SRAM (UL9) have memories a capacity of 1 Mbit (128k x 8), but other sizes can be installed, up to the maximum μP addressing capacity (8 Mbit). There is another socket on the printed circuit (not usually used) where an SRAM/EEPROM with capacity up to 8 Mbit can be installed. The UL9 SRAM memory where the events (history) data are loaded is always powered. When there is no +5 Vdc supply, this is substituted by the rechargeable buffer battery. By correctly setting the jumpers on the CSB board, the other optional memories can also be supplied by the buffer battery. In this case, the battery life will be reduced to 2 months. For the memory rate, with a 10 MHz clock and a 16 MHz CPU, memories with an access time of 100 ns are sufficient. UL2 is an analog switch that electrically isolates the SRAM when operating by battery. When the LOW LINE signal is present, activated each time the VDC drops below 4.65 V, the RTC circuit is electrically isolated from UL2 to prevent undesired access and reduce consumption to a minimum in stand-by conditions (battery powering).
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-39 CPUUL314.7456 MHzQ1UL6LATCHUL7LATCHUL8TRANSCEIVERFW1- FW2CLOCKBAUD RATE GENERATOR & DELAYERM7EPROMUL9SRAMM8PARALLELEEPROMUL5RTCUL4mPSUPERVISORYMEM DECODERI/O DECODERBATT & 5VCC CONTROLREAL TIME CLOCKUL2ANALOGSWITCHQ232K x 8128K x 8128K x 832,768 KHz+BT1GREENRD4WDUL1dUL1c AUTORESET ENABLECPURESETI1BRGCKBRGSCCDEL_WRWRCSRDCSMCS3PCS INTSCCRESPCSA BUSA BUSA BUSD BUSD BUSD BUSAS BUSAD BUSCSB CPU & MEMORIESD BUSA BUSPROGRAM. FIRMWAREAN5AN6WRAN7RDAN1INSCC0MCSAN3AN8 BATFAN2VBATTAN4VBACLOWLINEVccVBACWRWRPower Down+-WDICS9P 80C188µ Figure 1.19. CSB module – CPU and Memories: Block Diagram
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-40 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 1.6.3.2.1.2 Serial Lines There are six serial communication channels in the RS-232C configuration (figure 1.20 block diagram), or five in the RS-232C configuration and 1 in the RS-485 configuration which can be selected by suitable jumpers. The transmission rate is selected during the configuration stage. Channel 1, 2, 3 and 4 outputs transit on the 64-pin M22 speedy connector that can be used on the I/O panel connectors SK1, PL1, SK2 for channels 1, 2 and 4 respectively whereas channel 3 is used for communication with the equipment (of SK2-IRS module). Channel 4 on SK2 is preset in RS-232C configuration, whereas selecting the M24 connector jumpers it transits on connector M30 (10-pin speedy) that can be preset in RS-485 configuration. Channel 5 and 6 outputs through connector M53 (34-pin speedy) are brought onto PL4 and PL2 of the I/O panel. Serial channel 1 Channel 1, managed by UL21 SCC (Serial Communication Control) and driven by IC “UL22” (RS-232 Driver Receiver) is in the DCE standard (Data Communication Equipment) RS-232C configuration and is connected to the PC through connector SK1 on the I/O panel. The PC can be connected to the INC module SK6 (PC RS232) connector as this is in parallel directly to the I/O panel connector SK1. Serial channel 2 Channel 2, managed by UL 21 SCC (Serial Communication Control) and driven by IC “UL23” (RS-232 Driver Receiver) is in the DTE standard (Data Terminal Equipment) RS-232C configuration and can be connected to the possible external modem via PL1 on the I/O panel. Signals synchronizing the receiving and transmission clocks (RXCK and TXCK) are to be used for modem. Serial channel 3 Channel 3, managed by UL26 SCC (Serial Communication Control) and driven by IC “UL30” (RS-232 Driver Receiver) can be either RS-232C DCE or DTE configuration according to the arrangement of the M31 connector jumpers. It communicates with the beacon through the IRS interface in DCE configuration. Serial Channel 4 Channel 4, managed by UL26 SCC (Serial Communication Control) and driven by IC “UL29” (RS 232 Driver Receiver) is in the DCE standard RS-232C configuration, when connected to M22; it is in the RS-422/485 configuration driven by Drivers/Receivers UL24, UL28, UL25, UL31 if connected to M30. The transformation from the RS-232C configuration to RS-422/485 configuration is preset through the jumpers of connector M24 that switch the RXD signals either on IC UL29 (RS-232C) or on UL24 (RS-422/485). RS-422/485 can be used with 4 or 2 wires by suitably setting the jumpers of connector M25. RD8 and RD9 LEDs driven by UL1f and UL27b, when flashing, indicate respectively the RXD and TXD data transit and indicate that channel 4 is working efficiently. Serial channels 5 and 6 Channels 5 and 6, managed by UL32 SCC (Serial Communication Control) and driven by IC “UL33 and UL34” (RS-232 Driver Receiver) are in the RS-232C DTE configuration, the use of which is conventionally defined as connection on PL4 and PL2 of the I/O panel for modem. NOTE Generally, the DTE configuration can be directly connected to the modem and the DCE to the PC. To connect a DCE channel to another DCE channel or another DTE, a “null modem” adapter is necessary.
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-41 SCCSERIAL COMMUNICATION CONTROLDRIVER/RECEIVERUL21UL23DRIVER/RECEIVERUL22M22M30TXD - RTS - DTR RXD - CTS - DCD TXD - RTS - DTR RXD - CTS - DCD TXD - RTS - DTR TXCKRXD - CTS - DCD - RXCKDTEDTE/DCEDCECH3CH2CH1CH4To SK1PCMODEMDTEDTECH5CH6SCCSERIAL COMMUNICATION CONTROLDRIVER/RECEIVERUL26UL30DRIVER/RECEIVERUL29N. 6 SWITCHSELECTOR DTE/DCEM31RXDTXDTXCKRXCKRECEIVERDRIVERDRIVERRECEIVERUL24UL28UL25UL31RS232RS232RS232RS232RS485 RXRS485 TXRS485 CKCH4RS485RS232DCESCCSERIAL COMMUNICATION CONTROLDRIVER/RECEIVERUL32UL33DRIVER/RECEIVERUL34RS232RS232GREENRD8 UL1fGREENRD9 UL27bM53UL1aUL27aUL27dA BUSD BUSDEL_WRBRGSCCPCSPCSPCSINTSCCINTSCCINTSCCA BUS1EITXD - RTS - DTR RXD - CTS - DCD TXD - RTS - DTR TXCKRXD - CTS - DCD - RXCKM24RXCK-TXCKD BUS Figure 1.20. CSB module – Serial lines: Block Diagram 1.6.3.2.1.3 Parallel ports The parallel ports are divided into (see figure 1.21): − Input ports: 8+8 optoisolated lines (galvanic isolation) for the user’s specific applications such as: maximum or minimum temperature level alarms, presence of smoke, anti-vandal alarms, obstacle lights operation check etc.; 4 TTL level lines used by the beacon; 6 bits to interface INC panel commands; 16 optional lines on CSX expansion board upon specific request from the user. − Output ports:
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-42 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 16 optoisolated solid state relay lines, that can be used (by the user) as indication signals 5 TTL level lines; 16 bits to interface the INC Module indications; 16 optional lines on the CSX expansion board upon user’s request. − Input lines. The lines transit from connector M32 to connector PL3 on the I/O panel and are divided as follows: 8 lines (IAUX 0...7) in two groups of four lines, which have one common for each group. Each line, by means of its optoisolator, drives two 4-bit input registers (UL19a and UL19b), one for each group. The electrical characteristics of the control levels must include a contact to ground, and a typical current value of 3mA, maximum 30 mA (max. 500 mAp @ 100 μs). 8 lines (IAUX 8...15) made up of two groups of four lines, with one common for each group. Each line, through its optoisolator, drives two 4-bit input registers (UL20a and UL20b), one for each group. The electrical characteristics of the control levels may include a contact to ground or a positive level, according to the arrangement of the line through the jumpers of connectors M49, M50, M51 and M52 (two lines each) and a typical current of 3 mA, maximum 30 mAp (max. 500 mAp @ 100 μs). NOTE Lines IAUX10 to IAUX15 are used internally by the equipment and therefore are not available for the user. 4 lines (IN 0...3), TTL level, to determine the primary power supply functioning of the BCPS unit. Each line drives an 8-bit input register (UL14 e). On I/O panel connector SK4, lines IN0 and IN1, parallel to those on I/O panel connector PL3, are available through connector M30. The six bits (CPI1, 2,3) coming from the encoder of the INC module controls, drive the 4-bit input registers UL13a and UL13b. − Output lines. The lines transit from connector M32 to I/O panel connector SK4. They are divided as follows: 16 lines (OAUX 0...15) in four groups of four lines, with one common for each group. The lines are driven by two output registers (UL17 and UL18) where each register controls 8 outputs. Each line controls an electronic optorelay that has the following output features: − Max. applied voltage: 350 Vp; − Max. current: 100 mAp (100 mA @ ± 7 V load); − Closing resistance: 50 Ω − Leakage current at 300 V: 40 μA; 5 TTL lines are also available, three on connector SK4 and two on I/O panel connector PL3. They are driven by the 8-bit output register UL12 that exchanges the data of the EEPROM serial memory UL16 via UL15a and the “Serial Clock” and “Serial Data” signals. Through the 8-bit output registers UL10 and UL11, the 16 bits of the CPD and CPA buses drive the sequence of indications on the INC Module.
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-43 4BIT INPUT REGISTERUL19aOPTO INSULATORSOP9b-OP10a,b-OP11aIAUX 0..3JUMPERS SWITCHM498 BIT OUTPUT REGISTERSUL10-UL114 BIT INPUT REGISTERUL13a,b8 BIT INPUT REGISTERUL14M21M174BIT INPUT REGISTERUL19bOPTO INSULATORSOP11b-OP12a,b-OP9aIAUX 4..74BIT INPUT REGISTERUL20aOPTO INSULATORSOP21a,bIAUX 8.9JUMPERS SWITCHM50OPTO INSULATORSOP22a,bIAUX 10.11JUMPERS SWITCHM514BIT INPUT REGISTERUL20bOPTO INSULATORSOP23a,bIAUX 12,13JUMPERS SWITCHM52OPTO INSULATORSOP24a,bIAUX 14.158BIT OUTPUT REGISTERUL17OPTO RELAISOP1-OP2-OP3-OP4OAUX 0..3OPTO RELAISOP5-OP6-OP7-OP8OAUX 4..78BIT OUTPUT REGISTERUL18OPTO RELAISOP13-OP14-OP15-OP16OAUX 8..11OPTO RELAISOP17-OP18-OP19-OP20OAUX 12..15D BUSCPI 1,2,3CPD;CPD BusM32+5VCC±15VRDCSD BUSD BUSA BUSPF 1/2IN 0..3N° 8 INPUT N° 8 INPUT POLARITY & LEVEL PRESETTINGN° 16 OUTPUTSTo INCTo CSX8 BIT OUTPUT REGISTERSUL12SERIAL EEPROMUL162kx8OUT 0..4 N°5 TTL OUTPUT SCLRDCSWRCSRDCSWRCSWRCSRDCSWRCSWRCSM18+5VCC±15VM30SDABATFIN 0..3SDAN° 4 TTL INPUT BCPS 1,2,3,4 Figure 1.21. CSB module – I/O Parallel Ports: Block Diagram
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-44 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 1.6.3.2.2 LOCAL FRONT CONTROL PANEL The front panel of LCSU (part of the INC module) is shown in figure 1.22. It is divided in the following parts: one dedicated to the unit itself, and one dedicated to the equipment. 1) The part dedicated to the LCSU status contains: − OPERATION connected directly to the "watch dog signal" of the CPU 186, − WARNING not used and always off, − DATA COM not used and always off, − buzzer (S1), − button SIL to silence the buzzer and the − LAMP TEST button; 2) The part dedicated to the equipment comprises the following sections: beacon MAIN STATUS indications: this section includes the four alphanumerical devices for beacon site code, the ALARM, WARNING, NORMAL and DATA COM general status indications. 3) DETAILED STATUS indications; these indications are requested by the operator by pressing the SELECT button, the triangular sign indicates enabling of the following detailed indications: - ALARM, STBYALRM, FAULTY and BYPASSED are monitor indications: MON 1/2 alarm, MON 1/2 stand by alarm, MON 1/2 faulty, MON 1/2 bypass - ON, WARNING, FAULTY and ON ANT are transponder indications: TX 1/2 on, TX 1/2 warning, TX 1/2 faulty, TX 1/2 on ant. a) For each MONITOR indication(Mon1 & Mon2): − ALARM - Means the monitor see an alarm on the transponder on antenna − STBYALRM - Means the monitor see an alarm on the transponder on dummy load − FAULTY - Means the monitor found itself wrong − BYPASSED - Means the monitor is bypassed because the beacon is in Maintenance Mode b) For each TRANSPONDER indication (TRX1 & TRX2): − ON - Means the transponder is ON (radiating if it is on antenna) − WARNING - Means the transponder found a warning condition (e.g. different command by monitors) − FAULTY - Means the transponder is faulty − ON ANT - Means the transponder is on antenna 4. Station control (CONTROL STATION): − Indication of control enabled by a remote control (ENGAGED), − Indication of local control enabled (ENABLED). − Priority activation/de-activation button in local control (REQUEST RELEASE). − Indication of mains failure (MAINS OFF). − Indication of optional site alarms (ENV ALARM). − Indication of optional antenna alarm (ANT FTY) – Not used on the DME
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-45 − General indication of the faults that may occur in the equipment (OTHER WARN). 5. Beacon commands (COMMAND): − ON/OFF button (EQUIP ON/OFF) and − transponder on antenna change over (CHANGE OVER). MON 1 MON 2 TX 1 TX 2DETAILED STATUS LCSULOCAL CONTROL & STATUS UNITCONTROL STATIONALARMWARNINGNORMALDATA COMALARM ALARMWARNING WARNINGWARNINGCOMMANDSTBYALRM STBYALRMON ONFAULTY FAULTY FAULTY FAULTYBYPASSED BYPASSED ON ANT ON ANTOPERATIONENGAGEDENABLEDMAINS OFFENV ALRMANT FTYOTHER WARNCHANGEOVEREQUIPON/OFFSELECT LAMPTESTREQUESTRELEASESILDATA COMPCRS232 RD1RD31RD30RD29RD32RD11RD26RD28RD21RD12RD27RD22RD23RD13RD25RD24RD18RD33RD17RD14RD19RD9RD15RD10RD5RD20RD8RD6RD7RD16RD4S1I6I5I4I3I2I1MAINSTATUS Figure 1.22. Local Front Panel 1.6.3.2.2.1 INDICATION AND CONTROLS - INC Module - functional description The INC Module block diagrams are shown in figures 1.23, 1.24, 1.25. All the electrical components are mounted on the INC module board. A transparent waterproof membrane protects the luminous components. The commands from I1 to I16 have a common ground and communicate with the CSB module register through the encoder consisting in UL14a,b,c - UL15a - UL11e,f - UL8b. The program reads the coded data by “polling” and the “debounce” is foreseen by software. The three six-bit signals (CPI 1, 2, 3) pass from module INC connector M1 to connector M17 when module CSB is inserted. The communication for program data exchange is through the CPA and CPD buses controlled by CSB module registers UL10 and UL 11. The circuits are divided into the following blocks: Address Decoders Circuits UL3 and UL4 generate the flip-flop chip selects and the alphanumeric display. Brightness Control currents are at the set value. The brightness of the OPERATION LED-bar is controlled separately by circuits UL11a, UL12a, UL11d and UL11a,b. A single current peak limiter circuit (TR1 and UL3) for all the LED-bars, reduces the transient currents to values that do not jeopardize the components. LED-bar and driver Flip-flops UL6, 10,13,16 each control groups of 8 LED-bars. Each LED-bar has four separate LEDs in order to have a wide lighted surface. The four-digit device on the alphanumeric display (RD1) is an integrated component, with its functions, including the luminous elements, built in the chips.
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-46 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 key panelIndication panelAlarm devicedisplaydriverAudibleKey paneldriverdriver CSBPC connectorlocaldevice Figure 1.23. INC module - simplified block diagram Siren (Buzzer) A siren with a fixed frequency is controlled by flip-flop UL1 and it can be silenced manually through command 16. CPD7INC CLKD1-D8FLIP FLOPOCFLIP FLOPCLKD1-D8FLIP FLOPOCFLIP FLOPN° 1 LED BAR INRUSH CURRENT CIRCUITCLOCK GENERATORN° 8 LED BAR N° 8 LED BAR N° 8 LED BAR N° 5 LED BARCPA BUSCPD BUSVLEDWDOCPWRTo CSBDECODERDECODERBUZZERWDO_LEDCPI1CPI2CPI3I1I2I3I4I5I6AOA1D0-D6 EN4 ALPHANUMER. DISPLAYWR012310COMMANDENCODERBRIGHTNESSCLKCLKD1-D8FLIP FLOPOC54CONTROLBR1LEN1LEN2LEN3LEN4OPERATIONLEN1 LEN2 LEN3 LEN4"LCSU OPERATION"BRIGHTNESSCONTROLBR1VCCGNDCU.SEENCLK_0CLK_1CLK_2CLK_3ENDIS1CLK_4CLK_5M1CLKD1-D8OC CLKD1-D8OC Figure 1.24. INC Module - Indication and Control: General Block Diagram
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-47 UL1UL5UL7UL6UL4UL3UL2TR1RD1UL10UL13UL16RD 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11RD 12,13,14,15,17,18,19,20RD 21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28RD 29,30,31,32,33RD16Flip-FlopLATCH S1VCCMUXREGISTERSERIAL IN- PARALL.OUTCLKUL9a,b,c,dLEN3 STATE BUFFERSDECODERDECODERN° 8 LED BARCLOCK GENERAT.SQUARE OSCILLATOR INRUSH CURR.CIRCUITLEN 1LEN 2LEN 3LEN 4CLK 0CLK 1CLK 2CLK 3N° 8 LED BARN° 8 LED BARN° 5 LED BAR N° 1 LED BAR "OPERATION"WDO_LED0123DPY LEDENDIS ALPHANUMERIC DISPLAYUL8aWD0+5VCCM1CPA BUSCPD BUSUL11a UL12a UL11dUL11bUL11cCPD BUSVCCCPA0,1CPD0...6CPWRCPA0,1,6CPA2..5CPD0...7BRIGHTNESS CONTROLFlip-FlopLATCHBUFFERFlip-FlopLATCHBUFFERFlip-FlopLATCHBUFFERFlip-FlopLATCHBUFFERBRIGHTNESS CONTROLI1 I2 I6I4 I5I3COMMANDENCODERM1CP1CP2CP3 UL14 a,b - UL15aUL11 e,f - UL8bSELECT EQUIP ON/OFF CHANGE OVER REQUESTRELEASELAMP TEST SILBR1CLK 4CLK 5VLED Figure 1.25. INC Module - Indication and Control: Block Diagram
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-48 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 1.6.3.3 REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM RCSI 446 or RCSE 443 – Remote Control & Status Indicator - is a unit for remote control and maintenance operations (for detailed information to see RCSI 446 or RCSE 443 Technical manual). An updated remote control, MCS (Monitoring and Control System), with resident software on PC, work with modern programs that only run on hardware of a typical PC (for detailed information to make reference to the MCS Technical manual) The possible remote site connections with the local station are shown in figure 1.26. The examples of remote site connections with the local station are shown in figures 1.27 and 1.28. RCSI/SI446 2/8RCSI/RCSERCSI/RCSE(PSTN-Public Switching Telephon Net.)modemmodemmodem 2 modemPL2PL1PL3SK2 SK1RS232 ARS232 Boptional ON/OFFDATASWITCHEDNETWORKON/OFFDATADEDICATEDLINENOTE1) RS232 line (A) UNAVAILABLE if RS232 line (B) is used or viceversa2) "External" MODEM 1&2 Unavailable if "Internal" MODEM are used and viceversa optional ON/OFFDATADME modem1 Figure 1.26. Possible connection between Remote RCSI/RCSE and Local site
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-49 REMOTE CONTROL STATUS INDICATORRCSI 446-2 STATUS INDICATOR SI 446 - 2RCSI 446WAR NI N GNORMALALA R M1ONSILLAMPTESTEQUIPMENT STATUS SIWAR NINGNORMALALAR M2RS 232DME (D)VOREQUIPMENTS LOCAL SITECENTER CONTROL ROOMDEDICATED LINECONTROL TOWEREQUIPMENT RCSI12 DETAI LED STA T USMAIN ST AT USCOMMAN DRS 232Optional ENVIRONMENT ALARMS(SM O KE, TEM P., INTRU S ION , ...)STATUS INDICATOR SI 446 - 2WAR NI N GNORMALALA R M1ONSILLAMPTESTEQUIPMENT STATUS SIWAR NIN GNORMALALA R M2RS 232Switched or dedicated teleph. LINEModem PCPCRS 232RS 422/485DEDICATED or SWITCHED LINERS 422 (<1km) Figure 1.27. Example of single site connection with RCSI STATUS INDICATOR SI 446-8 RS 422 (< 1 Km.)REMOTE CONTROL & STATUS INDICATORRCSI 446-82ALAR MNORMALWARNINGTESTLAMP SILON1AL A R MNORMALWARNING4AL AR MNORMALWARNING3AL A R MNORMALWARNING6AL AR MNORMALWARNING5ALAR MNORMALWARNING8AL AR MNORMALWARNING7AL A R MNORMALWARNINGEQUI PME N T ST A TU S SINDB 436L2 - DEDICATED L1 - DEDICATED LINE RS 232DME (D)VORRS 232DME GPILSLOCILSMARKERRS 232SEL E CTWARNINGNORMALDATA COMALARMSELE CTWARNINGNORMALDATA COMALARMSEL E CTWARNINGNORMALDATA COMALARMSELE CTWARNINGNORMALDATA COMALARMSEL E CTWARNINGNORMALDATA COMALARMSELE CTWARNINGNORMALDATA COMALARMSEL E CTWARNINGNORMALDATA COMALARMSELE CTWARNINGNORMALDATA COMALARMEQU IPM E N T RCSIRCSI 44612345678DET AI LED STATUSMAIN STATU SREQUESTRELEASEMON 1STANDBYMON 2 TX 1ON ANTFAULTYWARNINGTX 2ON ANTFAULTYWARNINGOPERATIONWARNINGDATA COMSILFAUL TYBYP A SS EDFAULTYBYPA SS EDOTHER WARNANT FT YENV ALRMMAINS OFFENA BL E DENG AG E DSTATIONCONTROLCHANGEOVEREQU IPON/OFFCOMMANDST AN D BYRS 232 REMOTE SERVICE MAINTENANCECONTROL TOWERRS 232Telephon line 1 = dedicated line connetting with Modem party-lineTelephon line 2 = dedicated or switched line used for: measurement, preset and indication, (no commands) , connetting with Modem. Indication are displayed on PC connecting at RCSI Telephon line 3 = dedicated line connetting with ModemCONTROL CENTEREQUIPMENTS LOCAL SITES or SWITCHED LINEDEDICATED LINE - L3 Figure 1.28. Example of multi site connection with RCSI
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-50 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 MODEM LOCMODEM MODEM GSMODEM FFM DMERSUCTU RWYSELECTTOWERRS422*)RS422*)PTT LINESRMC 443INCMODEM M 4000MODEM MarkerMAINTENANCE CENTERAIRPORTRCSE 443DIAL MODEM LGMMODEMS LGM**)REUINC SIBDIAL MODEM LGMREU SIB(AN 400)*) RS422 interface to equipment situated in a different building than RCSE - LGM Extender 2 Unit has to be used!**) alternatively the ILS stations can be connected via RS232 or RS422 dedicated lines to the RCSE (Multiplexer RS232 board is used in RCSE, RS232 interfaces instead of ZUA modem withinILS stations)STATIONSPanelControl ON/FF(Client)Ligne OIOJBUS Figure 1.29. Example of multi site connection with RCSE 1.6.3.3.1 Remote Control & Status Indicator (RCSI 446) The RCSI 446 is used by a remote site to control both the beacon and other equipment or devices of the local site. Two versions are available: RCSI 446-2 to handle up to two equipment and RCSI 446-8 to handle up to eight equipment. Both units might be connected through dedicated lines, switched lines, radio link, etc. Main functions of the RCSI: - sends basic controls to the equipment (one equipment at a time; equipment(s) may also be of different types); - displays the status of the equipment; - drives supplementary Status Indicators (SI 446); - interfaces the PC to control-monitor the equipment and to perform maintenance operations like the LCSU at the local site. The RCSI 446-2/8 is housed in a standard 19" rack container. It comprises: - the Control & Status Board (CSB386 module)
DME 415/435 -Technical Manual Vol. 1-Section 1-General Information 955 900 031C Vers. D, September 2005 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. 1-51 - the front panel (made with water – proof elastic membrane) for commands and indications. The LEDs and pushbuttons are mounted on the INC-2 or INC-8 board module. The front panel replicates the INC module of the LCSU, plus eight status indication sections for any related equipment - the modem(s) (optional) capable to operate with dedicated/switched lines up to 28.800 bps; up to three modems can be housed inside the unit rack. - the power supply (ac/dc or dc/dc alternatively). The rack RCSI 446 - 8 is shown in Figure 1.30. For further information, refer to the specific manual of the RCSI. SELECTWAR NI NGNORMALDATA COMALARMSELECTWAR NI NGNORMA LDATA COMALARMSELECTWAR NI NGNORMALDATA COMALARMSELECTWAR NI NGNORMALDATA COMALARMSELECTWAR NI NGNORMALDATA COMALARMSELECTWAR NI NGNORMA LDATA COMALARMSELECTWA RNI N GNORMALDATA COMALARMSELECTWAR NI NGNORMALDATA COMALARMEQUIPMENT RCSIRCSI 4461234567DETAILED STATUSMAIN STATUSREQUESTRELEASEMON 1STANDBYAERIALMON 2 TX 1ON ANTFAULTYWA RNI NGONTX 2ON A NTFAULTYWA RNI NGONOPERATIONWA RNI NGDATA COMLAMPTESTSILFAULTYBYPASSEDFAULTYBYPASSEDOTHER WARNANT FTYENV ALRMMAI NS OFFENABLEDENGAGEDSTATIONCONTROLCHANGEOV EREQUIPON/ OFFCOMMAN DAERIALSTANDBY8INTERFACE (OPTION) MODEM (OPTION)MODEM 1 UPS (OPTION)POWER SUPPLY AC/DC or DC/DC POWER SUPPLY Figure 1.30. RCSI-8 – Remote control 1.6.3.3.2 Remote Control and Status Equipment (RCSE) The RCSE is intended to be installed in the maintenance equipment room. It provides separate status display and on/off-control functions for all Navaids equipment, and mechanisms to change and display auxiliary data words for MLS. The RCSE consists of the Remote control Electronic Unit (REU) with an Indication and Control (INC) panel. The RCSE is interfacing with one or two Control Tower Units (CTU), with a maintenance data terminal (PC) and optionally with a slave RCSE panel unit defined as Remote Status Unit (RSU). The CTU is intended for installation in the ATC control tower. It provides system ’main status’ indications and may provide a separate status display for each Navaids subsystem as well as switching the ILS or MLS to the active runway (RWY-select, optional). MAIN STATUS DETAILED STATUSEQUIPMENTCOMMANDRCMON 1 MON 2 TX 1 TX 212 345 67 8CONTROL STATIONALARMWARNINGNORMALDATA COMMAINTENALARMWARNINGNOR MALDAT A COMMAINTENALARMWARNINGNOR MALDAT A COMMAINTENALARMWARNINGNORMALDATA COMMAINTENALARMWARNINGNORMALDATA COMMAINTENALARMWARNINGNORMALDATA COMMAINTENAERIALSTANDBYFAULTYBYPASSEDONWARNINGFAULTYON ANTONWARNINGFAULTYON ANTENGAGEDENABLEDMAINS OFFENV ALRMANT FTYOTHER WARNOPERATIONWARNINGDATA COMALARMWARNINGNOR MALDAT A COMMAINTENALA RMWARNINGNOR MALDAT A COMMAINTENAERIALSTANDBYFAULTYBYPASSEDSELECT SELECT SELECT SELECT SELECT SELECT SELECT SELECT EQUIPON/OFF CHANGEOVER REQUESTRELEASE LAMPTESTSIL Figure 1.31. RCSE 443 – Remote control The front RCSE 443 is shown in Figure 1.31 and CTU & Runway select , optional in figure1.32. For further information, refer to the specific technical manual of the RCSE.
955 900 031C DME 415/435 -Technical ManualVol. 1-Section 1-General Information 1-52 THALES Italia S.p.A.- A. S. D. Vers. D, September 2005 Control Tower Unit (CTU) RunWaY SelectAIR NAV SUBSYSTEM RWY-SELECT Figure 1.32. RCSE 443 – Remote control CTU & RunWay select 1.6.3.3.3 MCS The RMMC network has a radially configured architecture based on communication between Monitoring and Control Systems (MCS) on different levels, local (airport) and remote (regional, national, international). The MCS systems are connected via WAN/LAN Internet or via switched/private lines in the public network (PTT) and dedicated lines in private networks. A direct Navaids shelter access is possible via a serial or (optionally) via an Ethernet connection. With the use of the MCS for control and monitoring via personal computer (PC) a user-friendly interface for the supervision adjustment and modification of relevant operating data according to the respective operational application is made available for first set up and ongoing operation of the terrestrial and satellite navigation equipment (e g. VOR, DME, ILS, MLS, ADS-B). The use of common PC standards and operating systems ensures a familiar operating environment for the user (see figure 1.33). For detailed further information, refer to the specific technical manual of the MCS. Figure 1.33. MCS – Remote control

Navigation menu