Solectek 36WAN2 SkyWay Max User Manual Part 2

Solectek Corporation SkyWay Max Users Manual Part 2

Users Manual Part 2

Operator’s Guide10SkyWay-MAXB. SecurityThis section details the security elements of the SkyWay MAX system as they relate to Network Entry.BSID Match The BSID is a unique, 6 octet (12 hex digit) identier assigned to each BSU at the factory. The rst 3 octets are assigned a xed value of 00000B, a Solectek identication. The nal 3 octets are factory assigned the same value as the nal 3 octets of the BSU’s RF MAC address. These nal 3 octets can be changed by the Operator, if desired.During an RF channel scan, the SS is searching for a BS wireless network to join. The BSID Match feature ensures than an SS only joins a BSU listed in its BSID table. To make initial provisioning simpler, the BSID match feature is disabled by default. However, enabling this feature on the SS limits the risk of entry into an incorrect network. The BSID list is hosted on each SS, and can contain one or more BSIDs.=> Remember, the BSID Match enable/disable is an SS conguration parameterAccess Control List (ACL) A MAC based, Access Control List feature is available on the BSU. When enabled, the BSU must be provisioned with the RF MAC address of each SS which is granted network entry. Once the SS MAC address is added to the BSU, this SS will be tracked by the management system. If an SS attempts to join this BSU network without an corresponding ACL entry, it will be rejected.The ACL feature is disabled, by default. In this state, an SS which tries to join the network without a matching ACL MAC address, will be granted entry, but considered an unknown SS. Once services are dened for this SS, the unit will then be considered provisioned.X.509 Digital Certicates The X.509/PKM protocol set is an industry standard authentication method used to verify the credentials of an SS. When enabled, the SS credentials are validated by the BSU in a secure fashion. Rogue SS units, those not containing signed and validated X.509 digital certicates, are rejected from the BSU network.This feature is managed by the BSU, and is disabled, by default.Data Encryption Further security of network trac is provided by the data encryption system. When enabled, all sector-wide data is encrypted with the selected algorithm (Triple DES or AES) based upon a set of rotating encryption keys.This feature is managed by the BSU, and is disabled, by default.
SkyWay-MAXOperator’s Guide11C. Open Mode vs Pre-provisioningWhen a system is congured in Open Mode (as shipped from the factory), SS units will join BSU networks as unknown subscribers. Both Administrative and User Services can be added to desired unknown subscribers, making the SS fully provisioned.When an SS is pre-provisioned in the BSU, all Network Entry and Services information about the SS is set up before the SS attempts to connect to the BSU. Once aligned, the SS enters the network and all pre-provisioned services are added to the system. Based upon these services, network trac will begin owing.D. Network Entry CompletionOnce network entry is completed successfully, the SS is considered to be connected to the BS and service provisioning can then begin. An SS that does not complete network entry successfully will continue to scan the channels indenitely in an attempt to nd a BSU sector that will allow it to enter.
Operator’s Guide12SkyWay-MAXIII. ServicesA. Primer To maximize utilization of scarce RF spectrum and to ensure the highest level of control over network trac, WiMAX/802.16 technology has been design to pass network trac through logical connections between a BSU and one or more SS’s. These connections are called wireless service ows, or services, and allow an operator to lter, groom and prioritize network trac in a highly granular fashion.The critical operation of services can be broken into a two stage process.The rst stage is classication. This ltering process only allows packets onto a service when a pre-dened set of packet characteristics are met. SkyWay MAX classication methods include combinations of 802.3, VLAN and IP parameters. See Appendix C for a complete list of allowable service classiers.The second stage involves the scheduling and transport of the packet across the wireless link, a process that takes into account the QoS requirements of each active service as well as the current RF conditions. Each service is assigned one of four possible scheduling types:Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS) yreal-time Polling Service (rtPS) ynon real-time Polling Service (nrtPS) yBest Eort (BE) yEach scheduling type is associated with a set of target and guaranteed QoS parameters. This QoS parameter set is dened by the service provider, and should be carefully tuned to the network service being delivered. For example, IPTV, VoIP and basic internet browsing would each require unique Scheduling Types and associated QoS Parameters.Appendix C details the set of QoS parameters available for each Scheduling Type.B. Administrative and User ServicesAs described above, services are required to carry network trac across the wireless system. To make deployment more intuitive, the SkyWay MAX system references two types of services, Administrative and User.All networks require a number of administrative protocols running to provide basic functions such as Authorization (PPPoE), IP Address assignment (DHCP), IP address resolution (ARP), etc. Since all wireless trac must be carried on an active service, each SS must be provisioned with a set of appropriate services to carry this trac.To accelerate the deployment of SS units, SkyWay MAX Manager and EMS software provides a simplied method of adding these Administrative Services. Both management tools provide the operator with a list of available administrative protocols during the SS provisioning process. Once the protocols are selected, the management system creates all of the necessary, underlying services required for support.In contrast to Administrative Services, User Services transport true customer network trac. These services are dened by the Operator with consideration for the type of network trac being carried (data, voice,
SkyWay-MAXOperator’s Guide13video), customer Service Level Agreements (SLAs) and the specics of the wireless deployment (range, density, frequency re-use). User services are provisioned per subscriber, per trac type and per direction (uplink, downlink). Each service is assigned an ID, called the SFID.C. Unicast and Multicast ServicesServices can operate in either a unicast or multicast fashion. A unicast service denes a logical connection between the BSU and a single SS. A multicast service denes a connection between the BSU and a dened set of SS units. Multicast services are available in the downlink direction, only.D. Service ClassesIt is often the case that an Operator provisions many subscribers with the same set of QoS/SLA parameters. To simplify the provisioning process, a Service Class can be dened to capture a set of QoS parameters that will be used across the sector.For example, for an Operator to deliver voice services, a set of QoS parameters should be dened within the rtPS scheduling type. These parameters would include the appropriate packet min and max throughput requirements, latency and priority. A VoIP Service Class can be created and named (e.g. - “VoIP Gold”) to capture all of these parameter values. Once created, the VoIP Gold service class can be used to provision services to any number of new or current Subscribers.
Operator’s Guide14SkyWay-MAXIV. Management SystemsThe SkyWay MAX system provides a number of dierent management methods, suited for dierent network deployment and management scenarios. With the exception of the SS pre-provisioning process, most normal management functions are processed directly through the BSU.A. Manager ApplicationThe SkyWay MAX Manager Application is the most straightforward management system for Solectek’s WiMAX equipment. This Manager system is built on a Java platform and is installed and can be operated on a Windows XP PC. Once installed and operational, the Manager can be pointed to any Solectek SkyWay MAX device, including BSUs, SS and Indoor Controllers. The software provides full command and control of a device across pre-provisioning, turn-up and operation/maintenance processes.Since the Manager host PC logs directly into the device being managed, this management tool is best suited for Host PC’s with local access within an Operator’s private network, and for managing small to medium networks.Please refer to Solectek document DOCS-1026, SkyWay MAX Manager Installation Guide, for more information on the features and operation of this tool.B. EMS SystemFor medium to large scale networks, Solectek’s EMS software is an ideal management solution. Hosted on a dedicated NOC server residing within an Operator’s private network, the system provides multi-site network wide status and control. Please contact Solectek Sales or Technical Support for more information regarding the EMS system.C. SNMPSolectek’s BSU provides SNMP v1, v2 functionality through the use of both multiple MIBs: MIB II, 802.16f WIMAX MIB, and Solectek’s private MIB.SNMP functions can be mapped to an Operators existing SNMP Management system or related NMS/EMS application. Please contact Solectek Technical Support for more information and to obtain the latest supported MIBs.D. TelnetEach network element (BSU, SS) can be accessed and managed through a command line interface (CLI) launched via a Telnet connection. See Appendix B for a full command list.E. Serial ConsoleAccessed via a hard connection to Serial port, an RS232 Serial Console is available for the BSU only. It is recommended that this management connection be used only for benchtesting and on-site debug work. The commands available through the Serial Console are the same as those available from Telnet. See Appendix B for a full command list.
SkyWay-MAXOperator’s Guide15V. Advanced OperationA. Advanced RF RSSI / CINR. The instantaneous RF received signal strength (RSSI) and Carrier-to-Interference & Noise Ratio (CINR) metrics are available in both the uplink and downlink direction. Both are important as indicators of the RF link quality. RSSI is an absolute measure, calibrated in dBm. CINR is a ratio, or relative measure, calibrated in dB.Optimal RSSI During the network entry process, in a stage known as ranging, the SS must adjust its power so that the signal power received (RSSI) at the BSU equals the Optimal RSSI, a threshold stored in the BSU.If the SS can not reach the Optimal RSSI value, it may still be allowed on to the network, but can likely only support lower order modulations, that is, lower data rates.Modulation RF modulation, which determines the achievable data rate, is specied on a per-SS and per-direction basis. Each SS has both an uplink and downlink modulation setting. The available modulations, and their corresponding forward error correction (FEC) coding rates are as follows:Modulation Coding RateAUTO n/aBPSK 1/2Increased link reliabilityQPSK 1/2QPSK 3/4QAM16 1/2QAM16 3/4QAM64 2/3QAM64 3/4Increased data rateThe Auto Modulation feature provides a self-adjusting modulation dependant on the current RF link conditions, as measured by the CINR. This process occurs independently per SS, and per direction. Auto and Fixed modulation settings can be mixed within an RF network, or even an individual SS.Multicast Modulation Each downlink Multicast Service must also be assigned one of the modulation settings shown above. Once selected, the modulation setting applies to all SS units with membership in a particular Multicast Service. Thus the modulation should be chosen conservatively enough so that all member SS units can remain connected to the service.
Operator’s Guide16SkyWay-MAXAs an example, consider a situation where all SS units within a Multicast Service have sucient link margin to support QAM64-2/3, except one SS which can only support QPSK-3/4. In order to retain service to all SS units, the modulation should be chosen as QPSK-3/4, even though doing so sacrices system eciency. When a Multicast Service modulation is set to Auto, the modulation self-adjusts to the highest data rate that still supports all member SS units. The modulation selection is based upon the CINR values of all member SS units.B. Multi Sector OperationThe need to sectorize a base site occurs as network subscription outstrips the capacity of a single BSU (sector). In this case, additional BSU sectors can be added to a base site. For Solectek’s SkyWay MAX system, this also requires the provisioning of an Indoor Controller.The Indoor Controller is a congurable and scalable system providing a number of functions to a multi-sector base site:Power + Data transport yGPS Synchronization yRemote Management (optional) yBSU Failover Switching (optional) yMore information on the commissioning and operation of the Indoor Controller can be found in Solectek document DOCS-1025.
SkyWay-MAXOperator’s Guide17VI. Administration A. NotificationsBSU Notications use SNMP traps to actively alert an Operator’s management system (Manager Application, EMS or SNMP Manager) of important changes in system status, including:BSU reboot/restart ySS exit or entrance to network yService add / delete / modication yOn the Manager Application, Notications can be viewed under Status : Notications, or by using the quick-link from the Dashboard.Once viewed, Notications can be erased or retained for future reference.B. Event LogsThe SkyWay MAX BSU and SS devices automatically create and store a local event log le. This log is used to capture and timestamp detailed information regarding all system conguration and status events. A device log le can be viewed using either the Manager Application or EMS System, and/or exported to a local PC for further analysis via FTP. This export process is depicted in the following screen from the Manager Application:
Operator’s Guide18SkyWay-MAXC. Configuration FilesIn addition to using one of the many management systems available (e.g. - Manager Application, EMS, SNMP, Telnet), the device conguration can be managed through the import and export of an XML formatted conguration le. Storing an operational BSU conguration o-line has several benets:Reduces provisioning time of a new BSU in the event of a system failure yProvides a ‘known-good’ starting point when debugging system problems yBecomes a template for adding new BSU sectors yFor the SS, an o-line conguration le can act as a ‘golden le’ used to pre-congure each SS unit prior to deployment.The import and export of a conguration le is accomplished using FTP. The applicable Manager Application screen is shown here:
SkyWay-MAXOperator’s Guide19D. Firmware upgradeThe process of upgrading the device rmware is dependent on the management system being utilized. When using the Manager Application, the following steps are followed:Copy FW upgrade les to FTP target directory on Local PC yLaunch Manager Application on Local PC yPoint Manager Application to device requiring FW upgrade yNavigate to yAdministration: FW Upgrade Congure FTP server properties and FW upgrade version yPress ‘Upgrade’ button yE. Date/Time In each wireless sector, the BSU is responsible for storing the local time and date. Once congured, this information is stored in a battery-backed BSU real-time hardware clock. During network entry, this date/time is passed to the SS.The BSU has the option to obtain the current date and time from a variety of sources:GPS, if available yNTP Server, if available yOperator Congured yIn all cases, the local time zone must also be congured in the BSU to allow accurate conversions from UTC time.
Operator’s Guide20SkyWay-MAXF. Name/LocationTo improve usability, an Operator can choose to assign names and locations to the BSU and SS units. This information can be assigned during initial provisioning, or anytime thereafter. Information for both the BSU and SS is stored on the BSU. Location information is stored as GPS coordinates in the following format:Datum: WGS 84 yLat/Long HDDD MM.MMM, where: yH=Hemisphere (N or S for Lat, E or W for Long) DDD=Degrees, including leading zeros as necessary MM.MMM = Minutes in decimal formatIn addition, information on the BSU antenna beamwidth and bearing can be captured.In total, the following elds are available:BS yName Location Antenna Bearing Antenna Beamwidth SS yName Location Access to this information set on the Manager Application is via Unit Conguration: Name/Location

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