Sensors and Software CONQ-DE1 Conquest, Model DE User Manual Conquest DE Tx Manual

Sensors & Software Inc. Conquest, Model DE Conquest DE Tx Manual

Users Manual

USER’S GUIDECopyright 2005 Sensors & Software Inc.
SENSORS & SOFTWARE INC. PRODUCT LICENCE, COPYRIGHT, LIABILITY AND WARRANTY INFORMATIONImportantPlease read this document carefully before removing the SOFTWARE PRODUCT storage media from their protective cover or assembling the HARDWARE PRODUCT. By removing the storage media or assembling the hardware, you are agreeing to be bound by the terms of this agreement. If you do not agree to the terms of this agreement, promptly contact Sen-sors & Software, Inc. at the address indicated at the end of this document.DefinitionThe word PRODUCT as used herein defines any tangible item sold by Sensors & Software, Inc. and may be comprised of HARDWARE PRODUCT which consists of physical objects and SOFTWARE PRODUCT which means computer programs, codes and related support materials.Software Product Licence AgreementIn order to preserve and protect its rights under the applicable laws, Sensors & Software, Inc. (hereafter S&S) does not sell any rights to its Software product. Rather, S&S grants the right to use its software, diskettes (or other storage media) and documentation (hereafter collectively called SOFTWARE PRODUCT) by means of a SOFTWARE PRODUCT licence. You acknowledge and agree that S&S retains worldwide title and rights to all its software and that the SOFT-WARE PRODUCT contains proprietary materials protected under copyright, trademark and trade secret laws.Grant of Software Product LicenceIn consideration of payment of the licence fee which is the price you pay for the SOFTWARE PRODUCT and your agree-ment to abide by the terms and conditions of this Licence Agreement, S&S grants to you, the Licensee, a non-exclu-sive right to use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT under the following conditions:You may:• use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT on a single workstation owned, leased or otherwise controlled by you• copy the SOFTWARE PRODUCT for backup purposes in support of your use of the product on a single workstationYou may not:• copy, distribute or sell copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT or accompanying written materials, including modified or merged SOFTWARE PRODUCT to others• sell, licence, sublicence, assign or otherwise transfer this licence to anyone without the prior written consent of S&S• modify, adapt, translate, decompile, disassemble or create derivative works based on the SOFTWARE PRODUCTTerminationThis licence is effective until terminated. You may terminate the licence at any time by returning the SOFTWARE PROD-UCT and all copies to S&S. The licence will automatically terminate without notice by S&S if you fail to comply with any terms or conditions of this agreement. Upon termination, you agree to return all copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT to S&S.Update PolicyS&S may create, from time to time, updated versions of its SOFTWARE PRODUCT. At its option, S&S will make such updates available to licencees who have paid the update fee.Product Warranty, Limited Remedy and Limited Liability S&S warrants the PRODUCT to be free from defect in material and workmanship under normal use for a period of one year (365 days) from the date of shipment. Any third party computer systems or other items not manufactured directly by S&S purchased with any PRODUCT or independently from S&S are subject to the original manufacturer's warranty and not the responsibility of S&S.S&S makes no other warranties including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. If this product is defective within the warranty period stated above, your exclusive remedy shall be, at S&S’s option to replace or repair the S&S product or refund the purchase price of the S&S product. Except where prohibited by law, S&S will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from this S&S product, whether direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential regardless of the legal theory asserted.
All statements, technical information, and recommendations related to S&S products are based on information believed to be reliable, but the accuracy or completeness is not guaranteed. Before using this product, you must eval-uate it and determine if it is suitable for your intended application. You assume all risks and liability associated with such use. Any statements related to the product which are not contained in S&S current publications, or any contrary statements contained on your purchase order shall have not force or effect unless expressly agreed upon, in writing, by an authorized officer of S&S.S&S warrants the diskettes or other storage media on which the SOFTWARE PRODUCT is furnished to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use for a period of ninety (90) days from the date of purchase as evidenced by a copy of your invoice.Except as specified above, any SOFTWARE PRODUCT is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the use or result of use of the product in terms of correctness, accuracy, reliabil-ity, currentness or otherwise. The entire risk as to the results and performance of the PRODUCT is assumed by you. If the PRODUCT is defective or used improperly, you, and not S&S or its dealers, distributors, agents, or employees, assume the entire cost of all necessary servicing, repair or correction.S&S's entire liability and your exclusive remedy for SOFTWARE PRODUCT shall be, at S&S's option, either• the replacement of any diskette or hardware components which do not meet S&S's Limited Warranty and which are returned to S&S postage prepaid with a copy of the receipt, or• if S&S is unable to deliver a replacement diskette which is free of defects in material or workmanship, Licensee may terminate this agreement and have the licence fee refunded by returning all copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT postage prepaid with a copy of the receipt.If failure of any PRODUCT resulted from accident, abuse or misapplication, S&S shall have no responsibility to replace the SOFTWARE PRODUCT, refund the licence fee, or replace or repair the HARDWARE PRODUCT.Do not tamper with any PRODUCT. PRODUCT contains no user serviceable parts. If tampering is evident in S&S’s opinion, warranty is void and null.No oral or written information or advice given by S&S, its dealers, distributors, agents or employees shall create a war-ranty or in any way increase the scope of this warranty and you may not rely on any such information or advice.Neither S&S nor anyone else who has been involved in the creation, production or delivery of the PRODUCT shall be lia-ble for any direct, indirect, special, exemplary, incidental or consequential damages, claims or actions including lost information, lost profits, or other damages arising out of the use or inability to use this PRODUCT even if S&S has been advised of the possibility of such damages.This warranty gives you specific rights. You may have other rights which vary from province to province, territory to ter-ritory and certain limitations contained in this limited warranty may not apply to you.GeneralpulseEKKO®, Noggin®, SpiView®, Conquest® and SnowScan® are registered trademarks of S&S. No right, licence, or interest to such trademarks is granted hereunder with the purchase of the PRODUCT or the SOFTWARE PRODUCT licence.Governing LawIn the event of any conflict between any provision in this licence agreement and limited warranty and any applicable provincial legislation, the applicable provincial legislation takes precedence over the contravening provision. This agreement shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the Province of Ontario, Canada.ServiceabilityShould any term of this agreement be declared void or not enforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction, the remaining terms shall remain in full effect.WaiverFailure of either party to enforce any of its rights in this agreement or take action against any other party in the event of a breach of this agreement shall not be considered a waiver of the right to subsequent enforcement of its rights or actions in the event of subsequent breaches by the other party.
AcknowledgementYou acknowledge that you have read this agreement, understand it and agree to be bound by its terms and conditions. You further agree that this agreement is the complete and exclusive statement of agreement between the parties and supersedes all proposals or prior agreements oral or written between the parties relating to the subject matter of this agreement.Should you have any questions concerning this agreement, please contact in writing:Sensors & Software Inc.1040 Stacey CourtMississauga, OntarioCanada L4W 2X8Tel:(905) 624-8909Fax:(905) 624-9365E-mail: sales@sensoft.capulseEKKO, Noggin, SpiView, SnowScan, Conquest, SmartCart, SmartHandle, Conquest for Windows, Win_EKKO, EKKO_Mapper, EKKO_3D and EKKO_Pointer are Trademarks of Sensors & Software Inc.
pulseEKKO PRO Table of Contentsi 1 Overview ............................................................................................................1 2 System Assembly .........................................................................................22.1 Connecting up the System...........................................................................32.2 Transducer Module Control Buttons............................................................4 3 Troubleshooting ............................................................................................53.1 Power Supply...............................................................................................53.1.1 DVL Power Requirements ...............................................................53.1.2 Transducer Module Power Requirements.......................................53.2 Transmitter Problem: No Signal on Screen.................................................53.3 Contacting Sensors & Software Inc.............................................................6 4 Care and Maintenance ...............................................................................74.1 General ........................................................................................................74.2 Cable Care ...................................................................................................7 Appendix A: Health & Safety Certification................................... A-1 Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations ......... B-1B-1 FCC Regulations......................................................................................B-2B-2 ETSI Regulations for the EC ...................................................................B-5 Appendix C: Instrument Compatibility........................................... C-1 Appendix D: Safety Around Explosive Devices ............................. D-1
Table of Contents pulseEKKO PROii
Conquest DE Transducer Module 1-Overview1 1 OverviewThis manual describes how to use the Conquest DE Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) systemtransducer module. System Assembly Section 2 on page 2 discusses in detail the step by step procedure for& Startup: assembling the Conquest DE system and connecting the transducer module to it. Troubleshooting: Section 3 on page 5 presents some simple steps the user should go through when the transducer is not working as it should.Care and Maintenance: Section 4 on page 7 discusses procedures for the care and mainte-nance of your Conquest DE transducer module.
2-System Assembly Conquest DE Transducer Module2 2 System AssemblyThe modular design of the Conquest DE GPR makes the system very flexible and readily field-portable. There are three essential components to the radar system: the transducer module, theDigital Video Logger (DVL) and an AC mains power source. The transducer module isconnected to the DVL via the transducer cable and the power source is connected to the DVL(Figure 2-1). Figure: 2-1 Complete setup of the Conquest DE system.AC MainsPower CableDVLTransducer CableTransducer Module
Conquest DE Transducer Module 2-System Assembly32.1 Connecting up the SystemRefer to Figure 2-1.a) Connect the Transducer Module to the female end of the Transducer Cable. Figure: 2-2 Connecting the Transducer Cable to the Transducer Module.b) Connect the male end of the Transducer Cable to the back of the DVL.c) Connect the Power Cable to the back of the DVL.d) Connect the 4 pin male end of the to Power Cable to AC Mains cable. When the DVL is receiving power the upper red LED on the front of the DVL will be illuminated. When the Transducer Module is receiving power the red and green LEDs will illuminate.e) Turn the DVL ON by pressing any button on the front. As the DVL boots up, the lower red light will come on.
2-System Assembly Conquest DE Transducer Module42.2 Transducer Module Control ButtonsThe Transducer Module has a number of buttons on the top to control data collection. The 4arrow buttons allow the operator to scroll up, down, left and right through menus on the displaymonitor (DVL or other) and the Enter button selects the current option. Figure: 2-3 Features of the Transducer Module.SpeakerStar ButtonEnterButtonLeft, Right, Up, DownArrow ButtonsLEDsOdometerWheel
Conquest DE Transducer Module 3-Troubleshooting5 3 Troubleshooting The Transducer Module is designed to minimize user problems; however, all electronic devicesare subject to possible failure. The following are troubleshooting hints if your system fails tooperate.If the radar is not running properly, an error message will be displayed indicating the possiblecause of the problem. Check Connections: If a problem occurs during system initialization, the first step is to checkthe connections. Make sure that cable connections are tight and that they have “clicked” intoplace. Reset the System by Powering Down: If the connections are OK but the error persists, trypowering down the system completely. Then power everything back on and see if the systemruns. 3.1 Power SupplyAnother common problem that can occur while trying to run a system is insufficient power. Theremay be a problem with the AC power supply or adapter. 3.1.1 DVL Power RequirementsThe DVL and pulseEKKO PRO control module are designed to operate from a 12 volt DC, 3 to 4amp source such as batteries or AC Mains power supply. The input voltage tolerance is 10.2volts to 15 volts. If there is enough power to run the DVL, the upper red LED on the front of the DVL will light upwhen the power source is plugged into the system. If this light is on and the DVL boots up, runsand displays the main menu then there is sufficient power for the DVL. If the voltage is less than about 10.2 volts, the DVL may not turn on and the upper red LED willflash or not illuminate.3.1.2 Transducer Module Power RequirementsThe Transducer Module does not require a separate power source for operation. It is powered bythe same 12 V battery that powers the DVL and Control Module (see above). Power is sent to thetransducers through the transducer cable.3.2 Transmitter Problem: No Signal on Screen If the pulse cannot be found do the following checks:1) Make sure the system is properly powered and connected.
3-Troubleshooting Conquest DE Transducer Module62) Check the condition of the transducer cable, looking for any signs of stress or damage. Replace or repair if needed.3) Check that the pins at the connections of the transducer cable. Make sure that they are straight and clean to ensure proper contact.If the signal is still not found, contact Sensors & Software Inc. 3.3 Contacting Sensors & Software Inc.If you develop problems with your GPR system, contact your agent or Sensors & Software Inc. Sensors & Software Inc.’s hours of operation are 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM Eastern Standard Time,Monday to Friday. You can contact Sensors & Software Inc. at:Sensors & Software Inc.1040 Stacey CourtMississauga, OntarioCanada L4W 2X8Tel: (905) 624-8909Fax: (905) 624-9365E-mail: sales@sensoft.caWhen contacting Sensors & Software Inc., please have the following information available:DVL and transducer module Serial Numbers.Version number of the data acquisition software.The error number or message appearing.A brief description of when the error is happening and the operating conditions (temperature,humidity, sunshine, system and survey setup, etc.).
Conquest DE Transducer Module 4-Care and Maintenance7 4 Care and Maintenance4.1 GeneralTo operate the Transducer Module equipment in a field environment, the user should exercisethe normal care afforded other field instrumentation. Items that require specific maintenanceprocedures are listed below together with detailed descriptions of the procedures.The interior of the transmitter and receiver can become very hot very quickly if exposed to strong,direct sunlight. High temperatures can affect system electronics and may lead to failures. If asuspected heat failure does occur, stop the system and allow it to cool down before retrying.4.2 Cable Care1) The cable connectors as well as the connectors on the DVL need to stay clean and free of dust and moisture. Use a brush or air spray to clean dust, lint and other foreign particles from these connectors. 2) When the system is not being used, make sure the connections are done up to prevent dust and moisture from collecting inside. If the connectors are exposed, cover them with some sort of dust cap.3) Cables are designed to be as tough as practical.4) Careless use of cables making them carry loads that they are not designed for can cause internal damage.5) Connectors are weak points in any system. With the use of this product in rough, dusty and outdoor environments, users can minimize potential down time if they care for cables and treat connectors with respect. 6) Cables and connectors are not designed to suspend or tow or otherwise carry the weight of systems. They are part of the electronic circuit and should be treated accordingly. When not in use they should be placed in their storage box.
4-Care and Maintenance Conquest DE Transducer Module8
Conquest DE Transducer Appendix A: Health & Safety CertificationA-1Appendix A: Health & Safety CertificationRadio frequency electromagnetic fields may pose a health hazard when the fields are intense. Normalfields have been studied extensively over the past 30 years with no conclusive epidemiology relating elec-tromagnetic fields to health problems. Detailed discussions on the subject are contained in the referencesand the web sites listed below.The USA Federal Communication Commission (FCC) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA) both specify acceptable levels for electromagnetic fields. Similar power levels are mandated bycorresponding agencies in other countries. Maximum permissible exposures and time duration specifiedby the FCC and OSHA vary with excitation frequency. The lowest threshold plane wave equivalent powercited is 0.2 mW/cm2 for general population over the 30 to 300 MHz frequency band. All other applicationsand frequencies have higher tolerances as shown in graphically in Figure A-1.Figure A-1: FCC limits for maximum permissible exposure (MPE) plane-wave equivalent power density mW/cm2.All Sensors & Software Inc. pulseEKKO, Noggin and Conquest products are normally operated at least 1m from the user and as such are classified as “mobile” devices according to the FCC. Typical power den-sity levels at a distance of 1 m or greater from any Sensors & Software Inc. product are less than 10-3 mW/cm2 which are 200 to 10,000 times lower than mandated limits. As such, Sensors & Software Inc. productspose no health and safety risk when operated in the normal manner of intended use.
Appendix A: Health & Safety Certification Conquest DE TransducerA-2References1. Questions and answers about biological effects and potential hazards of radio-frequency electromag-netic fieldUSA Federal Communications Commission, Office of Engineering & TechnologyOET Bulletin 56(Contains many references and web sites)2. Evaluation Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromag-netic Fields.USA Federal Communications Commission, Office of Engineering & TechnologyOET Bulletin 56(Contains many references and web sites)3. USA Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations paragraph 1910.67 and 1910.263.Web Siteswww.fcc.gov/Bureau/EngineeringTechnlogy/Documents/bulletin www.osha-slc.gov/SLTC (see radio frequency)
Conquest DE Transducer Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and RegulationsB-1Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and RegulationsAll governments have regulations on the level of electromagnetic emissions that an electronic apparatuscan emit. The objective is to assure that one apparatus or device does not interfere with any other appara-tus or device in such a way as to make the other apparatus non-functional. Sensors & Software Inc. extensively test their pulseEKKO, Noggin and Conquest subsurface imagingproducts using independent professional testing houses and comply with latest regulations of the USA,Canada, European Community, and other major jurisdictions on the matter of emissions. GPR instruments are considered to be UWB (ultra wideband) devices. The regulatory regimes worldwideare devising new rules for UWB devices. Sensors & Software Inc. maintains close contact with the regula-tors to help guide standard development and assure that all products conform. You should continuallymonitor the "News" link on our website (www.sensoft.ca) for updates on standards. Electronic devices have not always been designed for proper immunity. If a GPR instrument is placed inclose proximity to an electronic device, interference may occur. While there have been no substantiatedreports of interference to date, if any unusual behavior is observed on nearby devices, test if the distur-bance starts and stops when the GPR instrument is turned on and off. If interference is confirmed, stopusing the GPR. Where specific jurisdictions have specific GPR guidelines, these are described below.
Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations Conquest DE TransducerB-2B-1 FCC RegulationsThis device complies with Part 15 of the USA Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules. Opera-tion in the USA is subject to the following two conditions:(1) this device may not cause harmful interference and(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.Part 15 – User InformationThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, whereapplicable, and for an ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) device where applicable, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCCRules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when theequipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiateradio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may causeharmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely tocause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his ownexpense.WARNINGChanges or Modifications not expressly approved by Sensors & Software Inc. could void the user’s author-ity to operate the equipment.Certification of this equipment has been carried out using approved cables and peripheral devices. Theuse of non-approved or modified cables and peripheral devices constitutes a Change or Modification out-lined in the warning above.Operating RestrictionsOperation of this device is limited to purposes associated with law enforcement, fire fighting, emergencyrescue, scientific research, commercial mining, or construction. Parties operating this equipment must beeligible for licensing under the provisions of Part 90 of this chapter. FCC Interpretation of Operation Restrictions issued July 12, 2002(FCC Order DA02-1658, paragraph 9)The regulations contain restrictions on the parties that are eligible to operate imaging systems. 1 Under thenew regulations, GPRs and wall imaging systems may be used only by law enforcement, fire and emer-gency rescue organizations, by scientific research institutes, by commercial mining companies, and byconstruction companies. Since the adoption of the Order, we have received several inquiries from theoperators of GPRs and wall imaging systems noting that these devices often are not operated by the userslisted in the regulations but are operated under contract by personnel specifically trained in the operation ofthese devices. We do not believe that the recent adoption of the UWB rules should disrupt the criticalsafety services that can be performed effectively only through the use of GPRs and wall imaging systems.We viewed these operating restrictions in the broadest of terms. For example, we believe that the limita-tion on the use of GPRs and wall imaging systems by construction companies encompasses the inspec-tion of buildings, roadways, bridges and runways even if the inspection finds no damage to the structure1. See 47 C.F.R. §§15.509(b), 15.511(b), and 15.513(b)
Conquest DE Transducer Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and RegulationsB-3and construction does not actually result from the inspection; the intended purpose of the operation of theUWB device is to determine if construction is required. We also believe that the GPRs and wall imagingsystems may be operated for one of the purposes described in the regulations but need not be operateddirectly by one of the described parties. For example, a GPR may be operated by a private companyinvestigating forensic evidence for a local police department. FCC Permitted Mode of UsageThe GPR antenna must be kept on the surface to be in compliance with FCC regulations. Use of theantenna is not permitted if it is lifted off the surface. Use as a through-the-wall imaging device is prohib-ited. GPR Use CoordinationFCC regulation 15.525(c) requires users of GPR equipment to coordinate the use of their GPR equipmentas described below: a) UWB imaging systems require coordination through the FCC before theequipment may be used. The operator shall comply with any constraints onequipment usage resulting from this coordination. b) The users of UWB imaging devices shall supply operational areas to the FCCOffice of Engineering and Technology, which shall coordinate this informationwith the Federal Government through the National Telecommunications andInformation Administration. The information provided by the UWB operatorshall include the name, address, and other pertinent contact information of theuser, the desired geographical area(s) of operation, and the FCC ID numberand other nomenclature of the UWB device. If the imaging device is intendedto be used for mobile applications, the geographical area(s) of operation maybe the state(s) or county(ies) in which the equipment will be operated. Theoperator of an imaging system used for fixed operation shall supply a specificgeographical location or the address at which the equipment will be operated.This material shall be submitted to the following address: Frequency Coordination Branch., OETFederal Communications Commission445 12th Street, SWWashington, D.C. 20554ATTN: UWB CoordinationThe form given on the following page is a suggested format for performing the coordination.
Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations Conquest DE TransducerB-4FCC GROUND PENETRATING RADAR COORDINATION NOTICE NAME:ADDRESS:CONTACT INFORMATION [CONTACT NAME AND PHONE NUMBER]:AREA OF OPERATION [COUNTIES, STATES OR LARGER AREAS]:FCC ID: [E.G. QJQ-PE-PRO-TLF-A)]EQUIPMENT NOMENCLATURE: [E.G. PULSEEKKO PRO TLF-A] Send the information to:Frequency Coordination Branch., OETFederal Communications Commission445 12th Street, SWWashington, D.C. 20554ATTN: UWB CoordinationFax: 202-418-1944INFORMATION PROVIDED IS DEEMED CONFIDENTIAL
Conquest DE Transducer Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and RegulationsB-5B-2 ETSI Regulations for the ECIn the European Community (EC), GPR instruments must conform to ETSI (European Technical StandardsInstitute) standard EN302066. Details on individual country requirements for licensing are coordinatedwith this standard. For more information, contact Sensors & Software’s technical staff.
Conquest DE Transducer Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and RegulationsB-6
Conquest DE Transducer Appendix C: Instrument CompatibilityC-1Appendix C: Instrument CompatibilityImmunity regulations place the onus on instrument/apparatus/device manufacturers to assure that extra-neous interference will not unduly cause an instrument/apparatus/device to stop functioning or to functionin a faulty manner.Based on independent testing house measurements, Sensors & Software Inc. systems comply with suchregulations in Canada, USA, European Community and most other jurisdictions. GPR devices can senseelectromagnetic fields. External sources of electromagnetic fields such as TV stations, radio stations andcell phones, can cause signals detectable by a GPR which may degrade the quality of the data that a GPRdevice records and displays.Such additive signal is unavoidable but sensible survey practice and operation by an experienced GPRpractitioner can minimize such problems. In some geographic areas emissions from external sources maybe so large as to preclude useful measurements. Such conditions are readily recognized and accepted bythe professional geophysical community as a fundamental limitation of geophysical survey practice. Suchinterference being present in the GPR recordings is not considered as an equipment fault or as a failure tocomply with immunity regulations.
Appendix C: Instrument Compatibility Conquest DE TransducerC-2
Conquest DE Transducer Appendix D: Safety Around Explosive DevicesD-1Appendix D: Safety Around Explosive DevicesConcerns are expressed from time to time on the hazard of GPR products being used near blasting capsand unexploded ordnance (UXO). Experience with blasting caps indicates that the power of Sensors &Software Inc.’s GPR products are not sufficient to trigger blasting caps. Based on a conservative indepen-dent testing house analysis, we recommend keeping the GPR transmitters at least 5 feet (2m) from blast-ing cap leads as a precaution. Some customers do experimental trials with their particular blasting devicesto confirm with safety. We strongly recommend that GPR users routinely working with explosive devicesdevelop a systematic safety methodology in their work areas. The UXO issue is more complex and standards on fuses do not exist for obvious reasons. To date, noproblems have been reported with any geophysical instrument used for UXO. Since proximity and vibrationare also critical for UXO, the best advice is to be cautious and understand the risks.
Appendix D: Safety Around Explosive Devices Conquest DE TransducerD-2

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