SABINE SW70-T BELTPACK TRANSMITTER User Manual USERS MANUAL A

Sabine, Inc. BELTPACK TRANSMITTER USERS MANUAL A

Contents

USERS MANUAL A

1Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessE-SWM7000-OpGuide-031211.pmd - htoDeclaration of ConformityEC - DECLARATION OF CONFORMITYCE MARKINGWe, the ManufacturerSABINE, INC.13301 NW US HIGHWAY 441ALACHUA, FLORIDA USAdeclare that the productRECEIVERSABINE MODEL SWM7000Is in conformity withCouncil Directive: 73/23/EEC and 89/336/EEC (EMC Directives)Standards to which conformity is declared:EN 60065: 2001EN 55022: 1998 Class BEN 50082-1: 1998Manufacturer Signature: __________________________Date: __________ Name: __________________________Doran Oster, President28 April, 2003
2Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessTable of ContentsThis operating guide written for USB enabled receivers using SabineSWM7000 Remote Control Software version 2.0 and above.1. INTRODUCTION 31.1. Section Contents 32. PRODUCT VIEWS 42.1. Receivers 42.1.1. Front panel views 42.1.2. Back panel Views 42.2. Transmitters 52.2.1. Handheld 52.2.2. Beltpack 52.3. Components 53. QUICK SETUPS 63.1. Receiver & Transmitter Quick Setup 63.2. FBX Quick Setup 63.3. Tips for Good RF Performance 103.4. Common Sources of RF Interference 104. TRANSMITTER OPERATION 124.1. First step 124.2. Displays and Settings 124.2.1. LCD Display 124.2.2. Accessing Transmitter Controls 134.2.3. Adjusting Transmitter Settings 144.2.4. Transmitter Battery Management 155. RECEIVER OPERATION 185.1. LCD Display. 185.2. Parameter Control & LCD Display 205.2.1. One set of Controls for 1 or 2 Channels 205.2.2. Channel Select / Contrast Button. 205.2.3. Special LCD Display Messages. 215.3. RF Channel Select 215.4. Output Level 215.5. Receiver Antenna Placement 225.5.1. Multi-path Interference 225.5.2. Receiver & Antenna Placement Tips 226. MIC SUPERMODELING™ 246.1. Introduction 246.2. Emulation Choices 246.3. Mic Modeling Front Panel Control 246.4. Future Microphone Modeling Choices 256.4.1. Mic Model Upgrade Instructions 257. FBX FEEDBACK EXTERMINATOR® 267.1. FBX Introduction 267.1.1. FBX Fixed Filters 267.1.2. FBX Dynamic Filters 267.1.3. Balancing Fixed & Dynamic Filters 267.1.4. FBX Filter Width 267.2. FBX Set Up 267.2. FBX Bypass Button 278. COMPRESSOR/LIMITER OPERATION 288.1. Basics of Compression 288.2. Using the Compressor 288.3. Suggested Compression Settings 298.3.1. Vocal Settings 298.3.2. Guitar Settings 298.3.3. Bass Guitar Settings 298.5. Release & Knee Settings 309. DE-ESSER 319.1. De-mystifying De-essers 319.2. The Sabine De-esser 319.3. Using the De-esser 3110. PROGRAM SAVE & RECALL 3210.1. Saving a Preset 3210.2. Loading a Preset 3210.3. Naming a Preset 3210.4. Power Off Memory 3211. MULTIPLE SYSTEMS OPERATION 3311.1. Overview 3311.1.1. Multiple System Interference 3311.1.2. Setup Complexity 3311.2. Antenna Distribution Amplifier 3411.3. Antenna Distribution Amplifier Connection 3512. EXTENSION ANTENNAS 3612.1. Overview 3612.2. Antenna Cabling & Cable Loss 3613. REMOTE CONTROL OPERATION 3813.1. Overview 3813.1.1. Single vs. Multiple Receiver Control 3813.1.2 Features & Controls Added Software 3813.1.3. Software Multiple Unit Control 4013.2. Software Installation 4013.2.1. Requirements & Recommendations 4013.2.2. Connections 4013.2.3. Installing the Software 4113.3. Launching the software 4113.3.1. Off-Line Edit/Demo 4113.3.2. Connecting Receivers. 4113.4. Remote Control Operation 4213.4.1. Two Views, Two Sets of Controls 4213.4.2. Menus, Icons & Hot Keys 4214. TIPS & TROUBLESHOOTING 4614.1. Tips for Maximum Performance 4614.2. Troubleshooting 4614.3. Common Sources of RF Interference 4714.3.1 RF Sources 4715. FBX THEORY & PRACTICE 4915.1. Introduction to FBX® 4915.2. The Advantages of FBX Filters 4915.3. Parametric Filters and FBX 5015.3.1. The FBX & True Mobility® Advantage 5114.3.2. FBX Fixed & Dynamic Filters 5114.3.3. FBX Filter Width 5214.3.4. Who Benefits from FBX? 5215. APPENDICES 53Appendix A: Beltpack Connector Wiring Diagrams 53Appendix B: Antenna System Diagrams 53Appendix C: Specifications 54Appendix D: Dip Switch Settings 55Appendix E: Frequency Chart 55Appendix F: Battery Endurance Tests (Typical) 56Appendix G: Changing Audix Mic Capsules (SW70-H) 5616. CAUTIONS & WARRANTY 57INDEX 59
3Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessE-SWM7000-OpGuide-031211.pmd - hto1. INTRODUCTIONCongratulations on purchasing a Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum True Mobility™ Wireless System. True Mobility™Wireless Systems give you all the built-in processing you need on every microphone, and offer unique and powerfulfeatures unavailable with any other wireless microphone1.1. Section ContentsSection 2 Product Views — illustrates system components (front & back panel views, transmitters, accessory listsand part numbers).Section 3 Quick Setup — gives the Quick Setup procedures for Receiver & Transmitter Operation and using the FBXFeedback Exterminator®. Note that there is also a quick-start label on top of your True Mobility receiver forthe Sabine FBX Feedback Exterminator®, Compressor/Limiter and De-Esser functions.Section 4 Transmitter Operation — details transmitter setup and operation.Section 5 Receiver Operation — details receiver installation and setup.Section 6 Mic SuperModeling™ — explains the use of the Sabine Mic SuperModeling™ and lists the microphonesmodeled.Section 7 FBX Feedback Exterminator® — explains how to set up your FBX filters.Section 8 Compressor/Limiter — explains the use of the Compressor.Section 9 De-Esser — details operation of the adaptive De-Esser.Section 10 Program Save & Recall — explains how to save and recall individual program settings.Section 11 Multiple Systems — how multiple systems interface, computer control of multiple systems, suggestionsfor maximizing the number of collocated systems.Section 12 Extension Antennas — how to get maximum performance using a Sabine Extension Antennas (AntennaDistribution Amplifier also available for multi-receiver installations).Section 13 Sabine Remote Control Software — how to control up to 70 channels from one PC.Section 14 Tips & Troubleshooting — gives tips on how to get the best performance from your Sabine Wireless, anddescribes some possible operating problems and their solutions.Section 15 Appendices — wiring diagrams, frequency charts, specifications, typical system diagrams and dip switchsettings for Sabine 2.4 GHz Wireless systems.Section 16 Cautions & Warranties — states caution and warranty information for your True Mobility™ Wireless sys-tem.IndexIntroduction
4Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessProduct ViewsCh. AChannelSelect,ContrastCh. BChannelSelect,ContrastFig. 2b - SW71-NDR & SW71-R One-channel ReceiversFig. 2a - SW72-NDR & SW72-R Two-channel Receivers Antenna 1Front Mount Ch. ADisplay Antenna 2Front MountPowerCh. BDisplayProgramOutputLevelRF Ch.SelectCompressorLimiterDe-esserMicModelFBXFig. 2f - SW71-R One-channel ReceiverFig. 2e - SW72-R Two-channel ReceiverFig. 2d - SW71-NDR One-channel Receiver w/Network & Digital InterfaceFig. 2c - SW72-NDR Two-channel Receiver w/Network & Digital InterfaceAntenna 2 AES3Digital Output SyncInput AC Power& Fuses RS485Network RS232Serial USB Port,Dip Switches Mic/Line BalancedOutput B Mic/Line BalancedOutput A Antenna 12. PRODUCT VIEWS2.1. Receivers2.1.1. Front panel views2.1.2. Back panel Views
5Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessE-SWM7000-OpGuide-031211.pmd - hto13Product ViewsProduct ViewsFig. 2h - SWC70CL - SW70-HD3 & SW70-HD5 Mic Clip with Built-in ChargerFig. 2i - SW70-T Beltpack Transmitter2.3. ComponentsReceiversSW72-NDR: 2-Ch. Receiver w/Network & Digital InterfaceSW71-NDR: 1-Ch. Receiver w/Network & Digital InterfaceSW72-R: 2-Ch. ReceiverSW71-R: 1-Ch. ReceiverMicrophonesSWT24L-TA4: Cardioid Lavalier MicSWT36L-TA4: Omni Lavalier MicSWT56W-TA4: Headworn MicSWT70BW-TA4: Voice Technologies Omni Headworn Mic (Black)SWT70LW-TA4: Voice Technologies Omni Headworn Mic (Tan)SWTVT50-TA4: Voice Technologies Miniature Omni LavalierSWT70G-TA4: Instrument Input w/cableTransmittersSW70-T: Beltpack TransmitterSW70-HD3: Handheld Mic w/Dynamic Element (Audix OM3)SW70-HD5: Handheld Mic w/Dynamic Element (Audix OM5)SW70-HC: Handheld Mic w/Condenser ElementAntennasSWA700: TNC Front to Rear Converter Kit (Set of 2)SWA6SS: 2.4 GHz Antenna Distribution Amp for 6 systemsSWASS-EXT: 2.4 GHz Extension Antenna Kit (Set of 2)SWAANT-2.4: 2.4 GHz Antennas (2)SWATNC-N: RF Adaptor cable, Set of 4, TNC to NBSWATNC-MCA: TNC Male Crimp Connector 2.4 GHzBatteriesSWBC1: Rechargeable NiMH C for SW70-HSWBAA2: Rechargeable NiMH AA set for SW70-TMic & Transmitter AccessoriesSWCRJ45: RS485 Serial Connection Cable for ND ReceiversSWCCL: SW70-H Mic Holder w/Built-in ChargerSWCCL-2: Stage clip for SW70-HSWCPOWR-EXT: Charger extension cable (3 meters)SWCPOWR: Plug-in charger for SW70 Series TransmittersSWC4P-TA4: Standard Mini-XLR ConnectorWind Screens available for all micsALKALINE BATTERY CAUTION Alkaline batteries must be one of following types: NEDA: 14A ANSI: 14A IEC: LR14!!AntennaSwitch TA4Mini-XLRConnectorTop viewBelt clipSWC-POWRplug-incharger jackSELECTON ON ONOFF MUTE ON2.4 GHZ SMART SPECTRUM312BatteryBatterySWC-POWRplug-in charger jackShown with cableattached. Requiresassembly.SwitchAntenna BatteryLCDSELECTON ON ONOFF MUTE ON2.4 GHZ SMART SPECTRUMTransmitter Controls1Select Button2Up Button3Down Button2.2. Transmitters2.2.1. Handheld2 — DO NOT USE RECHARGEABLE ALKALINE BATTERIES —2.2.2. Beltpack
6Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® Wireless3. QUICK SETUPS3.1. Receiver & Transmitter Quick SetupPlease read Section Four Transmitter Operation and Section Five Receiver Operation for a complete understanding of how to set upyour Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum True MobilityTM System.3.2. FBX Quick SetupQuick SetupsTurn the OUTPUT LEVEL of the 2.4GHz receiver and mixer gain to theminimum settings.2Connect the output (¼-inch or XLR jack) of your 2.4 GHz TrueMobilityTM receiver to the mic or line input of your mixer or am-plifier (the receiver output gain can be adjusted to match themixer input).3Mixer Balanced Input(XLR)Mixer Unbalanced Input(TRS)1. Turn on the receiver.2. Tap the Channel Select/Contrast button to edita receiver channel. (Not necessary on 1-chan-nel SW71-R & SW71-NDR receivers).3. Turn the RF Channel Selector knob to the de-sired channel.NOTE: Dual channel receivers will not allow you to selectthe same RF channel for both channels.4Power SwitchRF ChannelSelector Channel Select/Contrast button(selects receiverchannel to edit)Transmitter range is 100meters line-of-sightBe sure that all transmitters are off. Position receiver so that the antennas are within visual range of theintended transmitter locations. Transmitter range is about 100 meters, but structural objects in the transmissionpath can reduce that range. For best results, maintain a line-of-sight path between receiver antennas and trans-mitters (see Section 12). Use the TNC Rear-to-Front Kit (SWA700) included with the receiver to move antennasto front if necessary. See Appendix B for more information on multiple-system connection.Use Sabine’s SWASS-EXTExtension Antenna Kitwhen line-of-sight path isnot possible1NOTE: Front panel RF Signal display will only register Sabine transmitters. It will not show RF interference. Use the RFScan function in the software to scan for potential RF interference.
7Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessE-SWM7000-OpGuide-031211.pmd - hto6Gain Adjustment Settings1. Transmitter (PAD Adjustment). Adjust the Transmitter PAD setting iflast segment of the Transmitter or Receiver Audio Level Meter lights upoften, or remains on when mic or beltpack is used.1. Use the Transmitter Select button to scroll through functionsuntil PAD flashes in the Transmitter LCD.2. Use the Up or Down buttons to select the desired setting. Se-lection is stored after 3 seconds of inactivity.3. Check to see if Audio Level Meter stays out of Clipping Zone1. Turn on the transmitter.2. Use the SELECT button until CHANNEL appears in the LED. NOTE:the transmitter is muted during editing.3. Use the UP or DOWN button until the desired channel appears aboveCHANNEL.4. Check that the receiver’s RF SIGNAL display now indicates a strongsignal (at least 3 bars).5Quick SetupsTo Close: Swing door down, flush withtransmitter body. Slide door up towardLCD. Push in and up firmly on BatteryDoor Handle with thumb until door lipcatches.To Open: Press down firmly on Bat-tery Door Handle and slide away fromLCD, then swing up and back.2. Receiver. Adjust the receiver Output Level to supply a strong input level to the mixer, amplifier or activeloudspeaker. If your receiver output is connected to a microphone level input on the mixer, keep the receiver outputgain lower than when connecting to a line level mixer input. NOTE: -10 is a good place to start.3. Mixer. Adjust the output gain of the mixer so that the mixer output meters approach clipping when all the inputsto the mixer are active, and the audio program reaches its peak level.4. Amplifier/active loudspeaker/crossover. Finally, adjust the amplifier gain control (and/or crossover gain, ifone is used) to provide the desired level of sound pressure in the auditorium or listening area.Adjust PAD setting so thatReceiver Audio Level Meterstays out of the clippingzone (last segment)SELECT1SELECTON ON ONOFF MUTE ON2.4 GHZ SMART SPECTRUM23SELECTON ON ONOFF MUTE ON2.4 GHZ SMART SPECTRUM312To Close: Swing doordown until it latches.To Open: Swing door upfrom indented area on body.See Section 4.2.3 Adjusting Transmitter Settings for more information.Beltpack Opening/Closing InstructionsBATTERYDOORHANDLETransmitter Controls1 Select Button2 Up Button3 Down Button
8Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessFig. 3d - FBX: SETUP Fig. 3e - SETUP indicator flashingQuick SetupsPlace microphone and speakers in primary position.Press and hold the SETUP button (Fig. 3d) on the receiver until the12LCD SETUP indicator (Fig. 3e)flashes 4 times and SETUP stays lit— then release it.NOTE: DO NOT TALK INTO YOURSYSTEM while in Setup Mode.Slowly raise the gain on the mixer oramp until FBX eliminates the first fewfeedback tones. With each new feed-back frequency, you will hear a short, quiet burst offeedback that will disappear immediately as a filter isset.Pause raising the gain, and move the microphone toanother area where it will be used. Resume slowlyraising the mixer gain, until FBX eliminates a few morefeedback tones.Repeat until the SETUP indicator automatically turnsoff and the READY indicator comes on.NOTE: You may quit SETUP mode at any time prior to its automatic exit by simply pressing the READY button.Location #1Location #2 Location #3This will enable ready-to-operate status, but with fewer fixed FBXfilters in place. In the default factory setting, dynamic FBX filters willstill be held in reserve to catch and eliminate new feedback, regard-less of how or when SETUP mode is exited. (See Section 14.3.2 fordetails on the differences between fixed and dynamic FBX filters andSection 13.4.2.1 for instructions on changing the balance of fixedversus dynamic FBX filters using the Remote Control Software orAppendix D for using the Dip Switches on the back of the receiver).3.2.2. FBX BypassThe BYPASS button (Fig. 3d) bypasses only the FBX filters, and not the additional signal processing (de-essing,compression and Mic SuperModelingTM) available on the True MobilityTM Wireless Receiver. This is a useful buttonthat allows comparison of the sound quality when FBX filters are in place, to the sound with no filters (the qualityshould be very similar). Before pressing BYPASS, take care to reduce your overall system gain so that you donot release suppressed feedback!543NOTE: When choosing microphone setuplocations, try to anticipate likely areaswhere the microphone will be positionedor moved to, or areas that may be espe-cially prone to feedback problems (e.g.,under an overhead speaker).FBX BYPASS CAUTIONBypassing FBX filters may allow suppressed feedback to be released!Location #4 (if necessary)Mixer Channel
9Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessE-SWM7000-OpGuide-031211.pmd - htoQuick SetupsVocal SettingsRATIO A soft voice could be set to 2:1, whereas a loud voice mightrequire a ratio setting of 6:1.THRESH The higher the threshold setting, the more signal is required toinitiate compression. Ideally this should be set to reign in peaklevels, and allow signals of lower gain to pass uncompressed.Threshold settings will depend on the nature and variety of thesignal source.ATTACK Short attack times usually work well for voice. However, toostrong a compression ratio, too low a threshold, and too fast anattack may attenuate speech consonants, which provide im-portant intelligibility cues to the audience, thus compromisingclarity.Guitar SettingsRATIO A high compression ratio (with gain makeup) will add sustainto held notes and chords.THRESH Moving the threshold will change the audible thick/thinness ofthe guitar tone, but generally you want to compress all the notesplayed.ATTACK Be wary of too quick an attack, which may reduce the percus-sive attack of the guitar notes.In general, be wary of too much gain makeup, and too high a compres-sion ratio, which may make a noisy guitar amplifier more objectionable.Ratio settings might range from 6 to 19:1, threshold variable, slowerattack, soft knee, output gain boosted slightly to significantly dependingon amount of compression.Bass Guitar SettingsRATIO Set to 4:1THRESH Set to compress peaks only.ATTACK Quick attack, medium release, hard knee; (try various releasesettings, depending on the speed of notes played).GAIN Output boosted slightly.MIC SUPERMODELINGTMDE-ESSERRATIOTHRESHATTACKRATIOTHRESHATTACKNOTE: Use these settings as a place from which to start, then adjust to your own satisfaction.VocalsShort attack is better for vocals. Be careful not toover attenuate speech consonants.Soft voice Loud voiceSoft voice Loud voiceGuitarLess Sustain More SustainThinner sound Thicker soundBe wary of too quick an attack, which may reduce thepercussive attack of the guitar notes.NOTE: Mic SuperModelingTM is not avail-able using beltpack transmitters.COMPRESSOR/LIMITERMIC SUPERMODELINGScroll through available microphone settings. Seewebsite for additional downloadable microphones.Less reduction More reductionDE-ESSER
10Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessQuick Setups3.3. Tips for Good RF Performance• Avoid potential sources of RF interference by performing a scan usingSabine’s Remote Control Software., which will reveal the ambient RF levelin your area on each channel of your system. Please refer to Section 13.4.2.5.for information on the RF Scan function, which will automatically determinethe best RF channels to use.• If you cannot perform a scan then proceed to use your system, beginningwith Channel 1. If you hear any RF “hits” or dropouts, then try another of the70 available channels.• For best results, maintain line-of-sight from transmitter to receiver. Useeither front or rear panel antenna mounting to maintain line-of-sight.• Mount receiver antennas at 90 degrees to one another, leaning away at 45degree angles, in the same plane.• When using multiple receivers, try to maintain at least 1 foot (30 cm) dis-tance between antennas from different units. When such antenna spacingproves difficult or impossible, we recommend using Sabine’s SWA6SSAntenna Distribution Amplifier. The SWA6SS works with up to six receivers,or 12 channels.• Maximize the distance between the receiver and light sources, such asfluorescent bulbs or neon signs, which may emit very short-range, broad-band interference.• Maximize the distance between transmitters and receivers and potentialsources of RF interference.• Maintain a minimum distance of at least 3 meters (10 feet) between trans-mitters and receivers or extension antennas. This can solve many anoma-lies.• Turn on your system one component at a time, beginning with the firstreceiver.• Be careful not to set more than one transmitter to the same channel; eachpaired transmitter and receiver should be set to unique correspondingchannels, until all channels are receiving clearly and cleanly.3.4. Common Sources of RF Interference•Microwave ovens: In the vast majority of situations, interference frommicrowave ovens will not affect performance of your SWM7000 series mi-crophone systems. Since barriers such as walls work to block interfer-ence, a microwave oven will likely present a problem only when located infairly close proximity within the same room as the wireless receiver (orreception antenna). See caution at left.•Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANS): These computer network de-vices allow computers to connect via wireless devices that act as bothreceivers and transmitters. These low-powered transceivers often haveselectable channels and can utilize the entire 2.4 GHz band. In general,Sabine microphones should not be affected by these WLANS becausetheir spread spectrum technology does not present a problem for the SabineSmart SpectrumTM system. The Sabine wireless system will not interferewith the WLAN. See caution at left.•2.4 GHz Cordless phones: These home telephones broadcast at very lowpower and should not present interference problems for your Sabine wire-less. This is especially true if the telephone uses spread spectrum tech-nology. See caution at left.•Wireless Video Cameras: Certain wireless video cameras (X10, for ex-ample) use the 2.4 GHz band. These devices are also very low power and,in general, should not present a problem when using the SWM7000 sys-tem. See Section 5 Receiver Operation for methods of optimizing clearreception and minimizing interference. See caution at left.In the event problems still arise, see Section 5 Receiver Operation for meth-ods of optimizing clear reception and minimizing interference.As a general precaution, keep 2.4 GHzcordless telephones, microwave ovens,WLAN antennas and 2.4 GHz wirelessvideo camera transmitters twice the dis-tance from your Sabine wireless micro-phone system antennas as that of yourSabine 2.4 GHz transmitters.Antenna Placement Caution
11 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessE-SWM7000-OpGuide-031211.pmd - hto
12Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® Wireless4. TRANSMITTER OPERATION4.1. First stepBefore you begin, let’s look at a few basics regarding your transmitters. Thehandheld mic is ready to go — the microphone and transmitter are com-bined in one unit. To use the belt pack transmitter, however, you will have toconnect a lavalier or headworn microphone (or instrument pickup) to itsinput. Sabine lavalier and headworn mics, and Sabine’s guitar/instrumentconnector (SW70G-TA4) come equipped with the proper TA4F connector,and are ready to plug right in. Be sure to line up the pins properly — do notforce the connector into the belt pack.If you are using a different microphone with the Sabine belt pack, pleaserefer to the Appendix A for the required wiring plan. Failure to use theproper wiring scheme may damage your mic or the belt pack, and void yourwarranty.Use the clip on the back of the belt pack transmitter to attach it to your belt orclothing. The spring clip can be removed and reversed, to allow the trans-mitter and antenna to point either up or down in its clipped-on position. Youcan also remove the clip if you choose to keep the transmitter in your pocket.NOTE: it is essential that transmitters retain a line-of-sight relationship withthe receiver antennas.4.2. Displays and SettingsYour Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum handheld microphone and belt packtransmitter have many powerful features, all of which are easily monitored(using the transmitter LCD display) and adjusted. The controls and dis-plays for both handheld and belt pack transmitters are identical in function,though positioning differs (compare figures 4b & 4c). The LCD display andone control switch are located on the exterior of the transmitters. A morepowerful set of recessed controls is located under the hinged access panel,to prevent accidental or inappropriate alteration of settings.4.2.1. LCD DisplayWhen the transmitter is first turned on, it shows an initial test screen (Fig.4f), followed by the default screen (Fig. 4g). The LCD also reverts to thisdefault display within a few seconds after any programming changes aremade with the recessed controls. The default LCD display always showstransmission channel, audio level, and battery voltage level; additionalinformation will appear to indicate important changes caused either byuser adjustments, or automatically as transmitter status changes.Fig. 4aExternalSwitchFixedAntennaTA4F connectorBelt clip1. Select Button2. Up Button3. Down Button4. Programmable Control of External Switch5. External Switch6. Recessed control and battery compartmentsFig. 4c SW70T Transmitter Control Setting Buttons6Fig. 4b SW70H Handheld Control Setting Buttons2451SELECTON ON ONOFF MUTE ON2.4 GHZ SMART SPECTRUM3SELECTON ON ONOFF MUTE ON2.4 GHZ SMART SPECTRUM34162Transmitter Operation
13 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessE-SWM7000-OpGuide-031211.pmd - hto4.2.2. Accessing Transmitter ControlsControl of all your transmitter functions is made using the Select button andthe Up/Down buttons. These control buttons are located inside the accesscompartment on the beltpack or handheld transmitters.Opening the Beltpack Transmitter Access Compartment:1. Press down firmly with both thumbs on door handle (above Sabinelogo) and slide away from LCD.2. Lift bottom edge of door slightly and continue pulling door down awayfrom LCD until the door opens fully (90-degree angle from transmitterbody).Closing the Beltpack Transmitter Access Compartment:1. Swing door down, flush with transmitter body.2. With both thumbs pressing firmly on door handle (above Sabine logo),slide door up toward LCD until door lip catches under main body oftransmitter, and bottom of door is flush with bottom of transmitter body.Opening the Handheld Transmitter Access Compartment:1. Grip door handles with thumb and index finger and lift up.Opening the Handheld Transmitter Access Compartment:1. Fold door closed until flush and locked in place.CHARGE: Illuminates when the transmitter battery is being charged(i.e., when the charger is connected, either by direct plug-in or by plac-ing the handheld mic in the Sabine charging clip).BATTERY VOLTAGE LEVEL METER: Indicates measured battery volt-age; the more segments illuminated, the higher the voltage, and thegreater the remaining battery life.AUDIO LEVEL METER: Shows the audio output level of the transmitter(affected by the pad setting).The last and largest segment indicatesclipping.PARAMETER VALUE: In default mode this indicates the RF TRANS-MISSION CHANNEL chosen for the transmitter. In conjunction withthe Select button (see figures 4b & 4c), this field will also displaybattery run-time hours, or when a low frequency roll-off filter or anattenuation (pad) is active (see Fig. 4g).“TIME”: Displays when battery run-time hours are being displayed.“MUTE”: Indicates output is currently muted.“PAD”: Illuminates when the microphone pad is turned on. Use this ifthe audio meter shows clipping.“ON”: Illuminates when either the audio and RF transmission, or theRF transmission only, are turned on.“CHANNEL”: Illuminates in default mode to display transmission chan-nel.Fig. 4f: Start up Transmitter LCD displayTransmitter LCDDisplay IndicatorsFig. 4d: SW70-TFig. 4e: SW70-HBattery door handleTurn off transmitter before changing battery(s).BEFORE CHANGING BATTERYTransmitter Operation
14Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® Wireless4.2.3. Adjusting Transmitter SettingsDEFAULT/CHANNEL: Press the Select button to enter Edit Mode, and re-peat until the CHANNEL indicator flashes. In this mode, the Up/Down but-tons will adjust Transmission Channel (1-70 available).INPUT: (SW70-T Beltpack Transmitter only) Either “MIC” or GUI” for micro-phone or instrument. You are required to choose the input in order to pro-gram both the transmitter and the receiver to optimize the input settings.Choosing MIC automatically selects the 75 Hz roll-off filter. You can chooseto remove that but the extended low frequency response of the SW70-T mayreproduce too much low energy for your system, so beware. Choosing GUIautomatically removes the 75 Hz roll off filter for that added bottom end inyour instruments. NOTE: You can manually change that filter setting asneeded.PAD: Transmitter PAD setting. Press the Select button until the PAD indica-tor flashes. The Up/Down buttons will adjust attenuation (SW70-H: 0, -6, -14,-20 dB; SW70-T: 0, -3, -8, -11, -14, -17, -20, -30 dB). When any level ofattenuation is programmed, the default screen will illuminate PAD. See mar-gin notes on this page and p.15 for settings instructions.TIME: Battery Run-Time Hours. Selecting this option changes the display toindicate the length of power-on time (hours and minutes) since the lastbattery change or recharge.NOTE: Battery run-time hours will reset when the transmitter (with battery inplace) is connected to a charger. In the case of the charger, run-time hourswill not start again until the charger is disconnected. You can manually resetthe run-time hours by pressing both the up and down arrows. Use this tocount hours when you use alkaline batteries.LOW FREQUENCY ROLL-OFF: Selecting this option adds a 12 dB/octavelow frequency roll-off filter, starting at 75 Hz, to the audio output of the trans-mitter. A roll-off filter may help reduce microphone handling noise, or otherunwanted low frequency content. Pressing the Up or Down button togglesbetween the conditions of no filter (indicated in the display as L 0) or low roll-off (indicated by L 75).INTERNAL CONTROL OF EXTERNAL SWITCH: The recessed controls in-clude a 3-position switch, which in turn determines how the transmitter’sexternal two-position switch behaves (see figures 4a, 4b & 4h). From left-to-right, the 3 positions of the internal switch correspond to the following exter-nal switch operations:1. ON/OFF. In internal position #1, the external switch acts as a typical on/off switch. Use this setting if you trust the microphone user to switch themicrophone on and off as needed, and/or wish to conserve transmitterbattery life during down times. In the ON position the transmitter LCDwill display ON. Both audio and RF are on. In the OFF position the LCDON is no longer illuminated. Both RF and audio are off, and the batteryrun-time hours meter is off. Note that Sabine’s squelch system pre-vents any “popping” when switching the transmitter on and off. How-ever, this protection causes a very short “power-on” delay in the reacti-vation of the audio when the external switch is turned from OFF to ON.Transmitter OperationTransmitter LCD Display CyclePressing the Parameter Select buttoncycles the LCD through the followingscreens. Individual screens appear forapproximately 4 seconds, during whichthe function is editable.NOTE: The SW70-H handheld micro-phone has PAD settings of 0, -6, -14 and-20 only. All transmitters are shipped atthe default setting of -14. Fig. 4gDefaultScreenChannelSelect Battery Run-Time DisplayPADSelect LowCutFig. 4h -Programmable Control of External SwitchON ON ONOFF MUTE ONProgrammable External SwitchHandheld MicrophonePAD SettingsYour new Sabine wireless handheld micro-phone is designed to accept a wide range ofinput levels, from spoken word all the wayup to screaming vocals. In order to accom-modate this broad range of inputs, the trans-mitter has a PAD setting. Handheld mics areset to a factory default of -14 dB, which isthe preferred setting for concert vocal per-formance.If you need more output out of a microphone(the receiver LCD audio meter shows the micoutput level) then change the PAD settingsas described below. When any level of at-tenuation is programmed, the default screenwill illuminate PAD.Transmitter PAD Adjustment(See Fig. 4b, 4f & 4g)1. Use the Transmitter Select button to scrollthrough functions until PAD flashes in theTransmitter LCD.2. Use the Up or Down buttons to select thedesired setting. Selection is stored after 3seconds of inactivity.3. Check to see if the receiver’s Audio LevelMeter stays out of the Clipping Zone.InputSelect~~~or orSW70-T ONLYSuggested PAD SettingsPADVenueSpeech 0 dBLoud speech& vocal performance -6 dBStrong vocalperformance (default) -14 dBVery strong vocalperformance -20 dB
15 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessE-SWM7000-OpGuide-031211.pmd - hto2. ON/MUTE. In internal position #2, the external switch acts as a typicalmute switch. Use this setting if you trust the microphone user to switchthe microphone audio output on and off as needed; it will not conservebattery life in MUTE condition, but will allow the receiver to monitor anddisplay the RF signal strength in either switch position. In the on posi-tion the default LCD will display ON. Both audio and RF are on. In the offposition the word MUTE is displayed in the LCD. The audio is mutedbut the transmitter is still transmitting the RF signal, and the battery run-time meter is running. There are no audible pops when switching thetransmitter between MUTE and ON. Switching from MUTE to ON willinstantaneously pass audio signal (there will be NO delay as with inter-nal position #1).3. ON/ON. In internal position #3, the external switch is disabled. Thetransmitter (both RF and audio) is always on, and the word ON is al-ways displayed in the transmitter LCD screen. Use this setting if you donot want to allow the speaker or performer to turn off the transmitter, orare worried that a transmitter may be accidentally turned off. Caution:When your program is over we suggest you move this switch to anothersetting so you can turn off the transmitter and save your battery. You mayalso elect to remove the battery (though replacing the same one willrestart the run-time meter and affect its accuracy accordingly).Once you have completed the transmitter setup, you are ready to work with yourreceiver (see Section 5). First, however, let’s talk about the issues and solu-tions concerning the source of transmitter power: the battery.4.2.4. Transmitter Battery Management4.2.4.1. Battery problems and Sabine solutionsRechargeable Battery memory. Batteries that are repeatedly rechargedprior to a complete discharge may fail more quickly in subsequent uses.This problem is usually referred to as “battery memory.” Fortunately,Sabine’s innovative Tireless Wireless™ Charger takes steps to avoidthis problem, by automatically reconditioning the battery whenever itsintelligent diagnostics determine this is appropriate. For this processto work best, we recommend that each charger be paired with aspecific transmitter for a “monogamous” charging relationship. Ifyou have multiple pairing options — i.e., multiple channel systems, werecommend color- or number-coded charger/transmitter pairs. Withthese precautions, use of Sabine’s Tireless Wireless™ Charger willinsure maximum life per battery charge, and also prolong the usefulmultiple-charge life span of rechargeable batteries.Battery life. Both handheld and beltpack transmitters can work withdisposable alkaline, disposable heavy-duty (manganese dioxide-car-bon zinc), or rechargeable Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries. Wespecifically caution against using NiCad rechargeables due to well-known battery memory problems, and specifically recommend usingthe Sabine-supplied SWBC1 (C-cell for the handheld microphone) orSWBAA2 (double-A for the belt pack) batteries. With the Sabine-sup-plied rechargeable SWBC1, the typical recharge life of the handheldtransmitter battery is 8 hours (typically, an alkaline C-cell will give about12 hours). The beltpack’s rechargeable SWBAA2 batteries will last about8 hours per recharge (typically, alkaline AA batteries will last about 10hours). NOTE: Heavy-duty batteries will fall somewhere in the middle,between rechargeables and alkalines.Transmitter OperationTech TipTransmitter/Charger PairingFor best results, pair each chargerwith a specific transmitter for a “mo-nogamous” charging relationship.Beltpack TransmitterPAD SettingsThe SW70-T beltpack transmitter has a broadrange of PAD settings, which allow you touse it with almost any microphone or instru-ment. As in all audio equipment, the setting ofthe input level is crucial to achieving the bestsound quality. Setting minimal PAD levels (-3,-6, or -10 dB) may produce a distorted soundif you are using a high output microphone orinstrument. Conversely, setting a more ex-treme PAD level (-40, -37, or -34 dB) mayrequire you to raise your system gain unnec-essarily, resulting in a noisier output. Watchthe input meter on either the transmitter or thereceiver (see illustrations) and set your levelso there are at least three indicators illumi-nated for normal program level, with an oc-casional move to the fourth indicator. The fifthand biggest indicator denotes clipping –watch out! If you see clipping, choose a lowerpad setting (for example, from -10 to -14 dB).Transmitter PAD Adjustment(See Fig. 4c, 4f & 4g)1. Use the Transmitter Select button to scrollthrough functions until PAD flashes in theTransmitter LCD.2. Use the Up or Down buttons to select thedesired setting. Selection is stored after 3seconds of inactivity.3. Check to see if the receiver’s Audio LevelMeter stays out of the Clipping Zone.Suggested PAD SettingsPADVenueLow output microphones -10 dBStandard mics & acousticinstruments with low-gainpickups -14 dBElectric guitars with low-gain pickups & mics withhigher gain -20 dBMost standard electricguitars -26 or -30 dBInstruments with high-gain pre-amps -34 dB
16Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessSabine rechargeable battery advantages. Here are several moregood reasons why you can feel more confident about using recharge-able batteries:1. All transmitters report two types of battery status information. Thefirst report is the all-important voltage the battery is supplying. Sec-ond, you’ll know how long the battery has been in use (battery runtime hours). Each receiver channel also receives telemetry infor-mation from its associated transmitter, regarding the battery volt-age, and displays the information in the receiver LCD (see figure5b). When the voltage reaches a level indicating an estimated 30remaining minutes of useful battery life, both transmitter and re-ceiver automatically flash warnings in their LCD displays. As analternative means of anticipating battery depletion, you can checkthe number of hours of use, by checking the transmitter LCD dis-play (see Section 4.2.2 and figure 4g), or the Remote Control Soft-ware.2. The handheld microphone clip that we provide with each handheldtransmitter not only holds the microphone — it also can double asan unobtrusive charger housing. Anytime the mic is parked in theclip (and the clip is connected to the charger power supply), the micis being charged. As an additional safety margin against batteryfailure, the mic placed in the powered clip gets its power from thecharger, not the battery, so it will work perfectly even if the battery iscompletely dead.3. Sabine’s intelligent charger circuitry detects the type of battery inplace within the battery compartment, and automatically turns offthe charger if the battery is not compatible with the charger.4. The Tireless Wireless™ Charger detects when a battery is fullycharged, and turns off the charging cycle.5. The Tireless Wireless™ Charger prevents futile attempts to resus-citate dead batteries — if the battery is unresponsive, the chargingcycle is stopped.6. Belt pack and handheld batteries can be recharged without remov-ing them from the transmitters. Just connect charger plug to thetransmitter jack (see Fig. 4l).NOTE: In the “most discharged” battery condition, a full recharge maytake up to 10 hours for a handheld C-cell, or 3 hours for the AA batteriesused with the belt pack transmitter. When in doubt, charge the batteriesovernight. Sabine’s battery-protection circuit will shut the charger downwhen charging is completed.Transmitter OperationTurn off transmitter beforechanging battery(s).BEFORE CHANGING BATTERYYour Sabine True Mobility® transmittercomes with one or more rechargeableNiMH batteries. For best results, chargethe battery for at least 8 hours beforeusing it for the first time. Please notethat the full charging potential of the bat-tery will be achieved after the first 5charging cycles have been completed.NiMH rechargeable batteries are highlyresistant to “memory effect,” which af-fects some other rechargeable batter-ies. The included NiMH batteries will pro-vide more lifetime charges and longerbattery life for each charge than manyother rechargeable batteries.FIRST-TIME BATTERY CHARGINGNEDA: 14A ANSI: 14A IEC: LR14Alkaline batteries must be one of following types:SW70-T Beltpack Transmitters2 “AA” size (14.5x50.5mm,• NiMH Rechargeable (Sabine part #: SWBAA2)• Alkaline: NEDA 14A - ANSI 14A - IEC LR14• Heavy Duty batteries (NOT recommended))SW70-H Handheld Microphones1 “C” size (26x50mm,• NiMH Rechargeable (Sabine part #: SWBC1)• Alkaline: NEDA 14A - ANSI 14A - IEC LR14• Heavy Duty batteries (NOT recommended))Acceptable Batteries for use withHandheld & Beltpack TransmittersIMPORTANT BATTERY INFORMATIONWARNING! DO NOT USEAlkaline Rechargeable BatteriesAlkaline “AA”RechargeableBatteriesAlkaline “C”RechargeableBatteriesAlkalineRechargeable AlkalineRechargeable
17 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessE-SWM7000-OpGuide-031211.pmd - hto4.2.4.2. Charging Your BatteriesEquipment Connections. Each SW70T or SW70H transmitter comesequipped with an SWC-POWR Tireless Wireless™ plug-in charger (seeFig. 4l). In addition, each SW70H comes with its own battery-chargingmic clip (SWC70-CL). The SWC-POWR charger can be plugged directlyinto either the transmitter or into the clip. A Sabine rechargeable battery(SWBC1) will charge whenever the mic clip is connected to the SabineSWC-POWR charger and the handheld is properly placed within themic clip.Charging Indicators. Much like your cell phone, the transmitters will letyou know the charging status of the battery. When the battery is charg-ing, the battery meter will flash to indicate the relative level of the charge— one, two, three or four elements will flash (see Fig. 4i).Once the battery is fully charged, all four elements in the battery meterwill flash. This indicates that the charging circuit is no longer on (seeFig. 4j).NOTE: The right-side indicator segment will flash for several minuteswhen charging is first attempted (see Fig. 4h). The lower the batterylevel, the longer this initial “testing/not charging” flashing sequence willcontinue. During this time, the Tireless Wireless battery circuit is evalu-ating the suitability and charge status of the battery in place. When it hascompleted its evaluation, it will either commence the progressive flash-ing depicted in figure 4i (CHARGING), or continue to flash (TESTING/NOT CHARGING). All segments flashing in unison signifies that thebattery is fully charged (see Fig. 4j).These same indications will also be displayed on the receiver LCD,and on the Remote Control Software screen.NOTE: The Tireless Wireless battery charger will only charge NiMHrechargeable batteries. If you place any other kind of battery in thetransmitter, and then attempt to charge it by connecting the charger, theTireless Wireless circuit will detect the type of battery and will not begincharging. Again, the battery indicator on the transmitter will flash theright-side element indicating testing/no charging (see Fig. 4h).Battery Warnings. When the transmitter battery voltage drops below acritical threshold, the battery icon (which normally displays the voltagelevel) will begin to flash. This will occur on the transmitter and receiverand is an indication that you need to replace the battery, or charge it byplacing the handheld mic in the charger clip. NOTE: Microphone will stilltransmit audio when placed in clip. Alternatively, you can connect thecharger directly to the transmitter using the built-in charger jack locatedon the side of the beltpack transmitter and near the antenna on thehandheld transmitter (see Fig. 4l). If the battery is not changed or re-charged, the transmitter will eventually turn off (see Fig. 4k).Transmitter OperationFig. 4l: SWC-POWR plug-in charger for SW70 Series Transmitters & SWC70CL Mic ClipFig. 4h: TESTING/NOTCHARGINGRight-side battery indicatorsegment will flash to indicatethat the battery is beingtested. This occurs prior tocharging a NiMH battery and whenever a non-rechargeable battery is placed on charge.Charging is not occuring when indicator lightsin this fashion.Fig. 4j: FULL CHARGEBattery indicator segmentswill flash in unison to indi-cate that the battery is fullycharged.NOTE: Battery can be leftconnected to the charger and will receive pe-riodic maintenance charging.Fig. 4i: CHARGINGBattery indicator segmentswill flash progressively start-ing from the relative chargestate of the battery. This ex-ample depicts a fully dis-charged battery being charged. As the chargeprogresses, left-side segments will remain vis-ible as right side segments continue to flash,until all segments are visible. At that point, allsegments will flash on and off in unison (seeFig. 4j).Fig. 4k: Battery CHARGE LEVEL displaysNOTE: When the battery has reacheda specific discharge level, the transmit-ter will automaticallyturn off, and the trans-mitter LCD will displaythe message at right.Very Low (Flashing)Very UsedPartially UsedFully ChargedSWC70CL(Mic Clip for SW70H)SW70TSW70H
18Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® Wireless5. RECEIVER OPERATION5.1. LCD Display.The receiver LCD display is shown below (Fig. 5b). Two-channel receiversfeature two LCDs, one for each channel. The display provides a snapshotreport of the condition of your wireless channel, including battery status infor-mation sent from the transmitter by telemetry.The right two-thirds of the display primarily shows status information regard-ing the condition of your receiver channel, as follows:Receiver OperationFig. 5a: SW72R front panelFig. 5b: Receiver LCD Compete DisplayReceiver LCD Status BarsRelative Position Indicator Function Value DisplayFunction Display MessagesFBX, Lock and Edit Status Indicators
19 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessE-SWM7000-OpGuide-031211.pmd - htoReceiver OperationDiversity Status: Either 1 or 2 is lit, showing the active antenna.RF Signal Strength Indicator: Indicates presence of RF (from transmitter, orexternal sources) on the chosen reception channel. The greater the number ofilluminated icons, the stronger the RF signal detected.Compression Meter: Shows the active gain reduction applied to the receiverchannel’s audio output.Audio Level Meter: Shows the audio input level (received audio signal).Battery Voltage Level Meter: Indicates the battery voltage of the correspond-ing transmitter; the more segments are illuminated, the higher the voltage, andthe greater the remaining battery life.Receiver LCD Status BarsFBX, Lock and Edit Status IndicatorsFBX Status: SETUP is illuminated while the receiver is in SETUP MODE.READY is the normal operational mode, indicating SETUP has been performedand FBX filters are active. BYPASS indicates the audio signal is NOT goingthrough FBX filters (but all other DSP processing is active).Front Panel Lock Status: LOCK 1 indicates all front panel controls are lockedto prevent intentional tampering, or accidental programming. LOCK 2 indicatesa subset of controls are locked, allowing selected others to be adjusted withsoftware only. Default LOCK 2 setting locks out all functions except FBX andProgram Load.Edit Status: In a 2-channel receiver, this field illuminates when the corre-sponding Channel Button is pushed, indicating Controls are assigned to thischannel.Firmware Version: Displays for 2 seconds on power up; shows the receiverfirmware version.Transmitter Battery Low: You have 15 minutes or less to change transmitterbatteries.Mute: Transmitter muted; the transmitter on/off switch is set to mute.Front Panel Locked: Front Panel is locked and the selected function cannot beedited. See Appendix D for an explanation of front panel locking.De-Esser: The De-Esser is actively reducing sibilance.Function Display Messages
20Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessReceiver OperationFig. 5d Tweek-n-Peek exampleRelative Position IndicatorIn our compressor Ratio example, ifyou are at a ratio of 9:1, about themiddle of the range, the RPI willdisplay about one half of the bar.Function DisplayThe Function display will show COMPon the first line and RATIO on thesecond.EDIT will light in thechannel display of thechannel being edited.Fig. 5c Sabine Tweek-n-Peek5.2. Parameter Control & LCD Display5.2.1. One set of Controls for 1 or 2 ChannelsWhether you have a one- or two-channel SWM7000 series receiver is appar-ent by the number of LCD displays on the front panel. However, only one setof control knobs is provided for either one- or two-channel receivers. Notethat in a 2-channel receiver, this set of controls is shared, and assigned to achannel by pushing either the A or B Channel Select button (see Section5.2.2). Your SWM7000 Series receiver uses Sabine’s Tweek-n-Peek™ digi-tal control system. Whenever you turn a control knob one click, the associ-ated function is shown on two lines of text display in the LCD. The largenumeric display will indicate the current parameter value. Additional turns/clicks change the parameter setting and display the value as the change ismade. After a few seconds of inactivity, the LCD will revert to its default display(RF channel).Sabine’s Tweek-n-PeekTMWhenever you turn a control knob one click, the name of the correspondingfunction is shown and the current edit setting is displayed on the LCD. Thisapplies for all the front panel knobs.For example, if you turn the Compressor ratio knob one click, you will see thecurrent compression ratio in the Settings Display. The Text display will showCOMP on the first line and RATIO on the second. Subsequent turns will editthat setting up or down, depending on the direction you turn the knob.Since the control knobs are continuous rotary encoders with no end points,the Relative Position Indicator (RPI) is a handy way of seeing where you arein relation to the full range of the knob in question. In our compressor Ratioexample, if you are at a ratio of 9:1, about the middle of the range, the RPI willdisplay about one half of the bar. NOTE: The setting range of each control isprinted on the front panel below each knob.5.2.2. Channel Select / Contrast Button.The elliptical button immediately adjacent to the LCD has multiple functions.First, it adjusts the LCD contrast and viewing angle. Change the degree ofangle by pressing and holding the button down. The adjustment range willcycle in a continuously reversing loop — when it gets to the maximum valueit reverses and begins to decrease in value. You can stop holding the buttondown and initiate single button pushes to advance (or decrease) the con-trast setting incrementally.
21 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessE-SWM7000-OpGuide-031211.pmd - htoReceiver OperationFig. 5gFig. 5fFig. 5e: Contrast button:Tap to select which channel to controlHold to adjust contrast and viewingangle. Range of value is 1 - 30, 15 isdefault.In addition, the Contrast/Channel Select button has another function, in 2-channel receivers only (SWM72-R or SWM72-NDR). Such units feature twoLCDs and two Contrast/Channel Select buttons. A single (without continuingpressure) push assigns all Parameter Control knobs to the selected chan-nel. The button will light, the associated LCD will brighten, and the word EDITwill appear in the lower left of the LCD, all indicating the active edit channel.For the active channel, turning any Parameter Control knob will first display(one click) and then adjust (subsequent turns) the settings of the functionselected, indicating the changes in the Settings Display. For the inactivechannel, turning any Parameter Control knob will display the current settingin that channel’s Settings Display. The channel must be activated in orderto change settings.5.2.3. Special LCD Display Messages.In addition to the Status and programmable information discussed above,the text lines of the LCD Settings Display may also (under certain circum-stances) automatically override other displays. The conditions when this willoccur and the messages displayed are shown on page 19.5.3. RF Channel SelectRange = 1 to 70 Choose the RF channel for this system. The transmittermust have the same channel selected. Turn the RF CHANNEL SELECT knobuntil the desired channel is displayed on the LCD. See chart (Appendix E) forexact frequency of each channel.NOTE: Dual channel receivers will not allow you to select the same RF chan-nel for both channels.NOTE: Front panel RF Signal display will only register Sabine transmitters. Itwill not show RF interference. Use the RF Scan function in the software to scanfor potential RF interference (see Section 13.4.2.5).5.4. Output LevelRange = MUTE to 0 dB Adjust the output level to match the input character-istics of the downstream component. Each tick of the output level knob adjuststhe level by ½ dB. The LCD displays this in 1 dB resolution, so it takes two ticksof the knob to change the output level value on the LCD.The output level varies from microphone level to line level, so if you are patch-ing the receiver to the mic level input of a mixer, turn down the level to avoidoverdriving the mixer input. Minus 15 dB is a good place to start. If you arepatching into a line level device, turn up the receiver output. For best results,follow the golden rule of gain structure: maximize gain at early stages in thesignal path, to minimize noise that will be accumulated and amplified by add-ing late-stage gain.
22Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® Wireless5.5. Receiver Antenna PlacementOne of the biggest potential problems in any wireless system is RF interfer-ence. Understanding wave interference patterns will help you to place andorient your receivers and antennas properly, and thereby reduce the likelihoodof RF interference.Your SWM7000 series receiver ships with two standard coaxial bipole anten-nas. Each antenna picks up in a donut-shaped (toroidal) pattern, more or lessequally in all directions, with null points directly above and below.5.5.1. Multi-path InterferenceLike sound waves, radio waves are subject to wave interference patternsproduced by reflected or delayed waves combining with direct, unreflectedwaves, converging upon a receiving antenna simultaneously. In the RF worldthis phenomenon is called multi-path interference. As with audio combfiltering, radio waves can combine additively or subtractively. Thus, mountingan antenna close to a reflective surface can result in poor reception. Forexample, if weaker than expected reception occurs, and the receptive part ofthe antenna (the top 3 cm) is close to a reflective surface (wall, large metalobjects, etc.), you might improve reception simply by repositioning, or re-aiming, the antennas.In some situations — for example, those with difficult lines-of-sight, or whentransmitters and receivers are separated by a wall, or when receiver place-ment options are limited — an extension antenna may be necessary toguarantee reliable reception. Please refer to Section 12 for information aboutthe advantages and use of Sabine’s SWASS-EXT Extension Antenna Kit.5.5.2. Receiver & Antenna Placement Tips1. When possible, maintain line of sight from transmitter to receiver.Consider the potential range of transmitter “roaming,” and locate yourreceiver accordingly. If direct line of sight proves impossible or difficult,consider using Sabine’s low-profile, active Extension Antenna Kit(SWASS-EXT), which boosts the signal strength, extends the maximumdistance from transmitter to receiver, expands and focuses antennasensitivity, and allows antenna and receiver to be positioned furtherapart or in separate rooms.2. Decide on front or rear panel antenna mounting (to maintain line-of-sight path). Antennas typically mount on the rear panel of your receiver,but the included accessory SWA700 front mounting kit can be screwedonto the front and connected via jumper to the back panel terminals.When mounting receivers in a rack that is deeper than the receiver,move the antennas to the front for improved reception. For any rackmounted receiver, try to keep the top 1.25 “ (3 cm) of both antennasextended outside the sides of the rack (see Fig. 5h). Non-rack mountedreceivers should be oriented so that the antennas face the transmitters.3. Maximize the distance between the receiver and light sources, suchas fluorescent bulbs or neon signs, which may emit very short-range,broadband interference. These light sources should not be a problemin normal circumstances, but, as a cautionary preventative, we recom-mend a minimum distance of 3 meters (10 feet) between them and anyreceivers or extension antennas.4. Note the placement of any microwave ovens in the immediate vicin-ity. Place any receivers or extension antennas as far away as is practi-cal from microwave ovens.5. Mount receiver antennas at 90 degrees to one another, leaning awayat 45 degree angles, in the same plane. This will decrease the likeli-hood that one antenna will be susceptible to the same orientation-specific directional or multi-path problems that may affect the other one.Receiver Operation
23 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessE-SWM7000-OpGuide-031211.pmd - hto6. When using multiple receivers, try to maintain at least 1 foot (30 cm)distance between antennas from different units. If you are rack-mount-ing multiple receivers, you may want to avoid spacing them in adjacentrack spaces, to maintain distance between antennas. When such an-tenna spacing proves difficult or impossible, we recommend usingSabine’s Antenna Distribution Amplifier (Sabine SWA6SS), which canhelp manage antenna configurations and, more importantly, improvesystem-wide interference rejection. The SWA6SS works with up to sixreceivers.7. In very rare instances, poorly shielded or malfunctioning computersor digital effects units may cause RF interference. You can test whethersuch units are the sources of such interference by switching them offone at a time, and determining if interference rejection improves.8. Turn on your system one component at a time, beginning with thefirst receiver. If you don’t have a computer handy, keep all other receiv-ers and transmitters switched off for the time being.9. Use the RF Scan function included in the Remote Control Software.This will give you a picture of the potential interference in your area, bothreal-time and over time. Please refer to Section 13.4.2.5. for informationon Sabine Remote Control Software’s Automatic RF Scan function, whichwill automatically determine the best RF channels to use.10. Maintain a minimum distance of at least 3 meters (10 feet) betweentransmitters and receivers or extension antennas. This can solvemany anomalies.11. Be careful not to set more than one transmitter to the same channel;each paired transmitter and receiver should be set to unique corre-sponding channels, until all channels are receiving clearly and cleanly.12. Once the physical placement of your receiver(s) and antenna(s) isdecided, proceed with the remainder of the setup process.Receiver Operation
24Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessFig. 6a6. MIC SUPERMODELING™6.1. IntroductionMicrophones come in a dazzling variety of shapes, sizes, polar patterns, fre-quency response curves, phase response curves, etc. Few things arouse asmuch passion amongst audio engineers as discussions about what micro-phone to use in a given application. Sound rental companies and recordingstudios proudly tout their impressive microphone collections, and singersfrequently favor a certain brand and model number as “perfect for my voice.”The only viable “please everyone” strategy is to stock a wide assortment ofmicrophones. This is far easier for wired microphones than for wireless.Changing a wired microphone is as simple as disconnecting one mic andconnecting an alternative — the same cable and same microphone standallows easy interchangeability. At worst you might have to exchange micro-phone clips along with the microphones themselves.For wireless microphones, however, the situation is not so simple. With differ-ent transmission frequencies, different proprietary designs, different types ofconnectors (microphone to belt pack transmitter), and the matched-set natureof transmitters and receivers, changing a microphone/transmitter is far morecomplex.Sabine has a better idea — Sabine’s proprietary Microphone SuperModelingTM.With digital technology, it’s possible to start with the sonic signature of a highquality microphone (such as Sabine’s standard condenser and dynamic cap-sules used in our SWM7000 handheld series systems), and emulate thecharacteristics of other popular microphones—all at the twist of a knob. Youwon’t have to change microphones, cables, connections, or receivers, inter-rupt a performance, or even get up from your mixing chair! Best of all, you willhave an instant answer to a variety of demands from singers and speakers fortheir favorite microphone — even if they pass the microphone around.6.2. Emulation ChoicesEach Sabine SWM7000 receiver (SW72-NDR, SW71-NDR,SW72-R, SW71-R)comes equipped with 7 different SuperModel microphones available per chan-nel. Four of these (Shure SM-58, Shure Beta 58, Audio Technica ATM 41A, andAKG D-3800)* are designed for use with either of Sabine’s dynamic handheldmicrophone/transmitters (SW70-HD3 or SW70-HD5). The remaining three(Shure Beta 87A, AKG C535EB, and Audio Technica ATM 89R)* are designedfor use with Sabine’s condenser handheld microphone/transmitter (SW70-HC). In addition to these SuperModeling choices, you may prefer to use Sabine’shigh quality microphones “just the way they are;” i.e., without emulation.Telemetry information sent by the handheld transmitter to the correspondingreceiver (or receiver channel for a 2-channel unit) identifies the type of trans-mitter, and loads the appropriate emulation library. Note that beltpack trans-mitters also send telemetry that turns off the Super Model option, as this fea-ture is designed to work only with handheld microphone/transmitters.6.3. Mic Modeling Front Panel ControlSimply turn the parameter control labeled “Mic SuperModelingTM” to scroll throughand select the microphone you wish to emulate. The first click of the knob willshow the current setting, without changing it; additional turns will change theemulation that is active. The top text line of the Settings Display will read eitherMICDYN (dynamic) or MICCON (condenser) depending on the telemetry infor-mation sent by the handheld; the bottom line will display the microphone beingemulated. Note that one choice is to bypass modeling, and simply utilize theexcellent quality of the Sabine microphone capsules. In this case the bottomtext line will simply read OFF. Finally, whenever telemetry information indicatesthat a belt pack transmitter is the RF source, or if a handheld transmitter isreplaced by a belt pack with the same receiver (or some such other unpredict-able event transpires), the Settings Display will read MICMOD/OFF wheneverthe Mic Modeling knob is turned.Mic SuperModeling™Sabine Mic SuperModelingTMSuperModelingTM Dynamic Models*: - Shure SM-58 - Shure Beta-58A - AKG D-3800 - Audio-Technica ATM 41aSuperModelingTM CondenserModels*: - Shure Beta 87A - AKG C535 EB - Audio-Technica ATM 89R*Company names, product names, andtrademarks listed as modeled are the prop-erty of their respective owners and are usedonly to identify evaluated microphones usedto develop digital processing; they in no wayimply association, endorsement, or approvalby any named manufacturer.
25 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessE-SWM7000-OpGuide-031211.pmd - htoThere are no modeling settings for lavalier or headset microphones — micplacement makes these an unrealistic choice for modeling. NOTE: otherlavalier microphones can be used with the Sabine Beltpack Transmitter.6.4. Future Microphone Modeling ChoicesWhen Sabine adds to the library of “virtual microphones” that are modeled bythe receiver DSP, these will be made available as a firmware upgrade from theSabine web site, www.Sabine.com.6.4.1. Mic Model Upgrade InstructionsNew Mic SuperModelingTM “virtual microphones” canbe downloaded easily using the remote control soft-ware on your PC. NOTE: The Mic SuperModeling Up-date Wizard can be accessed only from the initialsoftware startup menu (prior to connecting to a re-ceiver or entering Demo/Edit Mode). If you have al-ready connected and attempt to access the UpgradeWizard, the message box at right will appear (Fig. 6b):To download new mic models:1. With your PC connected to the Internet, pull down the SabineOnline menu in the software menu bar and select “AddNew Mic Models.”2. Click the “Download Mic Models from Sabine” and followthe dialog box instructions.3. The last dialog box will allow you to either connect to areceiver and update the mic models on that receiver, orcancel and complete the upgrade process at a later date.Note that this dialog box will show the actual file path of thenew mic model file.Upgrading from a disk or previously downloaded files:Mic SuperModeling™ files already downloaded can be flashedinto your receiver using the second option “Load Mic Modelsfrom disk.” Clicking this button opens a dialog box (default di-rectory is your “Sabine” directory).NOTE: File name will always be “micmodels.smm” and willinclude all mic models available up to the date the file was downloaded.Mic SuperModeling™Fig. 6bFig 6cNOTEA very short crossfade of the audio sig-nal occurs when switching between micmodels. This ensures no digital artifactswill occur when you change the soundof the mic.NOTEMic SuperModelingTM is not available us-ing beltpack transmitters.CHANGING AUDIX CAPSULESSabine's Mic SuperModeling™ functionrequires a baseline characteristic for thecapsule in use. Therefore, after chang-ing capsules, you will need to “tell” thetransmitter which capsule is now at-tached.NOTE: this is only necessary when thecapsule is changed.See Appendix G for instructions on howto reset your transmitter after changingAudix capsules
26Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessFBX Feedback ExterminatorFBX SETUP NOTELCD “READY” FlashingAs you get close to the end of the setupprocedure, READY will begin to flash onthe LCD. Stop raising the gain! TheFBX will now go into Ready Mode.7. FBX FEEDBACK EXTERMINATOR®SETUP IndicatorFig. 7aFig. 7b: READY IndicatorNOTE: make sure READY is displayed beforeusing your system for a performance.7.1. FBX IntroductionThere are two types of FBX filters, fixed and dynamic. Both operate automati-cally. There is no audible difference between fixed and dynamic filters interms of sonic purity; the difference arises in their application.7.1.1. FBX Fixed FiltersFixed filters are set automatically during the FBX SETUP and will not changefrequency until manually reset.7.1.2. FBX Dynamic FiltersDynamic FBX filters also set automatically, but can change frequency, on arotating basis, as the need arises.7.1.3. Balancing Fixed & Dynamic FiltersEach channel of your SWM7000 wireless receiver offers a total of 10 FBXfilters (combined fixed and dynamic), which can be used as needed toexterminate feedback. The default setting of 7 Fixed and 3 Dynamic can bechanged to 8 Fixed and 2 Dynamic using the DIP switches on the back ofyour receiver (see Appendix D FBX Configuration DIP Switch), or to anyconfiguration using the Remote Control software (see Section 13).If you follow setup instructions for setting FBX filters, your receiver willautomatically exit SETUP mode (enter READY status) after all Fixed filters,and the first Dynamic filter, have set. In the default condition, this meansyou will have set eight filters (seven Fixed and one Dynamic), with twoDynamic filters still unset and remaining on standby alert. If you wish toset fewer filters, press the READY button before SETUP automaticallyexits, after you have set enough filters to safely achieve your desired gainlevel. In that case, in the factory default condition, you will reserve threeunset Dynamic filters for standby.7.1.4. FBX Filter WidthSabine’s experience and testing with filters and sound quality along led us todecide upon a default FBX filter width of .10 (one-tenth) octave as the optimalnotch width, able to eliminate feedback without affecting music programs. If,with all filters properly set, feedback is still a problem, FBX filters may be setto .20 (one-fifth) octave width. This wider filter setting will help to better elimi-nate feedback trouble areas, but may also affect music programs slightly.Therefore, the wider setting is generally considered to be appropriate wherespeech (less demanding than music) is the primary application of the SabineWireless system. You can globally change FBX filter width by repositioning arear panel DIP switch, to change from .10 to .20 octave (see Appendix D FBXConfiguration DIP Switch), or by adjusting filter width using the True Mobility®Remote Software (which allows a range of widths from .01 to 1.0 octave).You may also mix filter widths, either by adjusting individual filter widthsusing the Remote Software, or by changing the DIP switch position duringsetup. The width of any set filter will always be determined by the position ofthe switch at the time the filter is created.7.2. FBX Set UpFollow these easy steps to obtain the maximum gain and protection fromfeedback. Sabine FBX employs a very fast and quiet setup mode to make iteasy to use.1. Place the speakers in the positions where they will be used during theprogram.2. If there is any equipment with a noise gate in the signal path, you MUSTDISENGAGE the noise gate(s) prior to the setup procedure. You mayreengage these noise gates upon conclusion of your FBX setup.3. Patch your Sabine receiver into the mixer or amp channel. Set the ampmaster output gain to a normal operating position.NOTE: The level of your power amplifier should be set to a level that allowsa healthy gain structure prior to the amplifier. If your amplifier is turned up
27 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessE-SWM7000-OpGuide-031211.pmd - htoFBX Feedback ExterminatorFig. 7c: READY ButtonTech TipREADY & Locked FixedREADY = Lock Fixed on other Sabine FBXproductsfully, and your mixer meters show little movement when signal passes through,then your amplifier will have to work harder to process the weak signal. Youwill improve the performance of your sound system and lower system noiseby reducing the gain on your power amp and increasing your mixer gain. FBXresponse time will also be better with proper gain structure.4. First, turn on your receiver and select a clear channel (no RF Signal barsshowing). Then turn on your wireless transmitter or handheld microphoneand select the same channel, Now turn on the mixer (gain low), then anyother accessories, and finally the power amp. If you are using a graphic EQ,adjust only for the desired tonal qualities, but do not notch for feedback!5. With the microphone turned on, raise the Output Level of the receiver slowlyuntil a strong input signal at the mixer is apparent. The microphone shouldnow be audible.6. Now you are ready to set FBX filters. Press and hold SETUP (far left button)on the wireless receiver, until the word SETUP in the channel LCD flashes4 times, then stops flashing. This will clear any FBX filters already in place.NOTE: You should do this each time you move your sound system, changea sound system component, or relocate your microphone. Your SabineTrue Mobility Wireless System will remember its settings from the last timeyou turned the unit off.7. During Setup mode, do not talk into the microphone or pass audio pro-gram through a transmitter. This may cause the Sabine True Mobility™system to set inappropriate filters. The only appropriate use of the setupmode is to create and filter feedback. SETUP must be exited prior to normalmicrophone usage. This happens automatically after setting FBX filters, oryou may exit manually by pressing READY at any time.8. Identify the primary usage positions, and likely feedback-prone locations,in the potential movement range of the wireless microphone. Take themicrophone to the first of these locations.Fig. 7d:BYPASS Button9. Slowly raise the mixer channel gain to the point of feedback — and then slowly beyond, until you hear the chirping tones offeedback quickly being eliminated by FBX filters setting. Stop raising gain after 2 or 3 feedback tones have chirped andcorresponding FBX filters have set. Rest assured that any feedback that occurs will be at a quiet volume, and very short induration.10. Move the microphone to another area of use and slowly raise gain until FBX eliminates a few more feedback tones (2 or3). Repeat this step until the word Setup automatically disappears and the word READY appears. This indicates yourunit is ready for operation. The total number of filters available for feedback filtering is 10; in the factory default setting,your unit will automatically enter READY mode when the eighth filter is set. Alternatively, you may enter READY status withfewer fixed FBX filters in place, simply by pressing the READY button at any time. NOTE: Be sure that the word READYappears in the FBX section of your receiver LCD during performance or any normal operation.Any feedback that occurs after setup will be eliminated by dynamic filters, which remain in reserve to catch surprisefeedback if it occurs during performance/operation.In most instances you will experience an additional gain of 6-9 dB before feedback when using the Sabine TrueMobilityTM System. Precise results will depend on system and acoustical considerations.All fixed filters in place will remain set until the Setup button is pushed and held as described in step 6. All dynamic filterswill remain in place until new feedback occurs (when they will move to the new frequency), or until the Setup button ispushed and held. Your True Mobility receiver will remember its FBX (and all other) settings even if the power is turned off.See Section 14 for a complete discussion of Sabine FBX Feedback Exterminators®.7.2. FBX Bypass ButtonThe Bypass button bypasses only the FBX Section, and not the additional signal processing (Parametric Filters, Hi/Lo Cut,De-essing and Compression) available in the Targeted Input Processing section of the Sabine True Mobility™ WirelessReceiver.NOTE: You can easily bypass Compression signal processing by turning the Compressor Ratio knob counterclockwiseuntil you get to 1:1 ratio, and the De-esser signal processing by turning the De-esser knob clockwise until you get to 0 cut.
28Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® Wireless8. COMPRESSOR/LIMITER OPERATION8.1. Basics of CompressionThe dynamic range (how loud we can hear to how quiet a sound we can detect)of the human ear is far greater than the capability of sound systems to repro-duce. Although some of this equipment limitation is at the upper extreme of thedynamic range (where too loud a signal will produce distortion), much of therestriction occurs at the low level end, where the signal disappears below the“noise floor” of the circuitry.A compressor (or in its most powerful form, a limiter) is the most widely usedtool for controlling dynamic range. In the simplest terms, a compressor isdesigned to squeeze the dynamic range of an audio program; i.e., to makequiet signals louder, and loud signals quieter. A compressor becomes alimiter when the compression ratio (the ratio of the input gain change to theoutput gain change) is so high that the output level effectively won’t rise abovea “brick wall” ceiling, regardless of how much the input gain increases (typi-cally a ratio of 10:1 and greater).A compressor acts like an “automatic mix engineer” with a hand on the faderand an inhumanly fast reaction time. When the input level increases, the“engineer” drops the fader; when the level decreases, the fader is raised.When the amount of fader compensation equals the variation in signal level,the output level of the audio program will sound consistent.The practical benefits of compression and limiting include:1. Speaker protection. A compressor will control sudden level peaks andprevent your speakers from damage. Most often in this type of application,the compression ratio is high enough to qualify as a limiter.2. Perceived increase in loudness. Because compressed peak levels arekept from rising as high as uncompressed signals, you gain headroom foryour audio program and can raise its overall average gain. Compressionis often added to the entire audio mix, both in live sound and recording, toincrease its perceived loudness.3. Achieving more consistent levels. For expressive instruments or vocals,which may have a large dynamic range, compression can help maintainmore consistent mix levels. So a speaker who varies from a whisper to ashout will not disappear or stand out in the mix, relative to other less dy-namic instruments or vocals. Vocal level variations are also commonwhen multiple users share a single microphone, due to differences invoice volumes and mic-to-mouth positions from one user to another. Com-pression will help even out such variations as well.8.2. Using the CompressorCompressor knobs are located immediately to the right of the FBX and De-Esser controls. The controls consist of standard Ratio, Thresh (threshold) andAttack knobs, and a horizontal gain ladder in the LED display shows compres-sor gain reduction.Ratio: Compression ratio is the ratio of the input gain change to the outputgain change. The compression ratio on your Sabine Wireless rangesfrom 1:1 to 19:1, in increments of 1 dB. Set Ratio to 1:1 to bypassCompressor.Thresh: Compression threshold sets the input level at which the compressor/limiter begins to act on the signal. The input level threshold at whichcompression is engaged can be adjusted from -30 dBv to 0 dBv, inincrements of 1 dBv.Attack: Compressor attack time sets the speed with which signal compres-sion begins once an input signal exceeds the threshold level. Therange may be adjusted from 1 to 99 mS, in 1 mS increments.Compressor Limiter
29 Sabine 2.4 GHz Smart Spectrum® WirelessE-SWM7000-OpGuide-031211.pmd - htoCompressor Limiter Gain: (Output Level) Since the output gain is attenuated whenever the inputgain exceeds the compression threshold, the overall output level of acompressed signal will be reduced. Commonly, this reduced outputgain is compensated for by raising the level of the output signal (theterm is “gain make-up”). Output Level range may be adjusted frommute (minus infinity) up to +20 dB, in increments of 1 dB (dependingon input).8.3. Suggested Compression Settings8.3.1. Vocal SettingsThe renowned expressiveness of the human voice is due in large part to itsdynamics. A vocal that varies from a whisper to a scream has a strongemotional impact, but those same dynamics present a challenge to thesound engineer. Ideal vocal compression maintains some dynamic rangewhile keeping the vocal the focal point of the mix.Ratio: A soft voice might require a ratio of 2:1, whereas a loud voicemight require a ratio setting of 6:1.Thresh: The higher the threshold setting, the more signal is required toinitiate compression. Ideally this should be set to reign in peaklevels, and allow signals of lower gain to pass uncompressed.Threshold settings will depend on the nature and variety of thesignal source. Strong vocalists will require a different thresholdthan quiet speakers or singers.Attack: Short attack times usually work well for voice. However, too stronga compression ratio, too low a threshold, and too fast an attackmay attenuate speech consonants, which provide important in-telligibility cues to the audience, thus compromising clarity.8.3.2. Guitar SettingsRatio: A high compression ratio (with gain makeup) will add sustain toheld notes and chords.Thresh: Moving the threshold will change the audible thick/thinness ofthe guitar tone, but generally you want to compress all the notesplayed.Attack: Be wary of too quick an attack, which may reduce the percussiveattack of the guitar notes.In general, be wary of too much gain makeup, and too high a compressionratio, which may make a noisy guitar amplifier more objectionable. Ratiosettings might range from 6 to 20:1, threshold variable, slower attack, softknee, output gain boosted slightly to significantly depending on amount ofcompression.8.3.3. Bass Guitar SettingsBass players use a variety of techniques, often in the same song, that canbenefit from compression. Compressing bass evens out peaks and keepsthe bass level in the mix.Ratio: Set to 4:1Thresh: Set to compress peaks onlyAttack: Quick attack, medium release, hard knee (try various releasesettings, depending on the speed of notes played)Gain: Output boosted slightlyRATIOTHRESHATTACKRATIOTHRESHATTACKVocalsShort attack is better for vocals. Be careful not toover attenuate speech consonants.Soft voice Loud voiceSoft voice Loud voiceGuitarLess Sustain More SustainThinner sound Thicker soundBe wary of too quick an attack, which may reduce thepercussive attack of the guitar notes.

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