Novatel Wireless NRM-3800 CDPD Data Transceiver User Manual Vespa AT Command Set Reference Guide 0 1

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AT Command SetReference GuideforExpedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsPS-01016529UNRELEASEDRelease 2.1Friday, May 7, 1999

The information disclosed herein is the exclusive property of NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIESLTD. and is not to be disclosed without the written consent of NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIESLTD. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means includingelectronic storage, reproduction, execution or transmission without the prior written consent of NOVATELWIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. The recipient of this document, by its retention and use, agrees torespect the security status of the information contained herein.This document is intended for limited circulation.The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice and should not beconstrued as a commitment by NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. unless such commitmentis expressly given in a covering document.© Copyright NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. (1999)

REVISION HISTORYREV# ECO# EFF. DATE DESCRIPTION PREPARED APPROVED1 99010 990505 Initial release. D. Barber S. Smilar2.0 99024 990705 Updated to include new features forTV01-02, including Friends Mode,Quiet mode and Stack Checkfeatures.D. Barber S, Smilar2.1 Added registration mode and out-of-service sleep commands. Addedindex of AT commands.

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 5AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsService ID Preference...................................................................................................................................... 59CDPD Operating Version ................................................................................................................................60Wireline Compatibility ...................................................................................................................................... 61Set DTR Control ............................................................................................................................................... 62DTR Mode Setting............................................................................................................................................ 63DSR Control Setting......................................................................................................................................... 64TCP Timer......................................................................................................................................................... 65Identity Registers.............................................................................................................................................. 66Description:........................................................................................................................................................ 66Query Network Connection Status................................................................................................................. 67Last network registration error code .............................................................................................................. 70Authentication Parameter................................................................................................................................71Query Current RSSI Value.............................................................................................................................. 72Query Current Block Error Rate (BLER) ....................................................................................................... 73Current RF Channel in use ............................................................................................................................. 74Cell Site ID in Use ............................................................................................................................................ 75Area Color Code in Use................................................................................................................................... 76Power Level Query........................................................................................................................................... 77Symbol Error Rate Query................................................................................................................................78Power Product................................................................................................................................................... 79Authentication Failures Query......................................................................................................................... 80Dial (Connection Setup)................................................................................................................................... 81ADC Monitoring................................................................................................................................................. 83Ping Command................................................................................................................................................. 86Power Boost...................................................................................................................................................... 87Message Waiting.............................................................................................................................................. 88Internal MRU Setting........................................................................................................................................ 89TCP Suspension Enable ................................................................................................................................. 90Call Progress Result Mode ............................................................................................................................. 91Answer ............................................................................................................................................................... 92Telnet Echo ....................................................................................................................................................... 93Modem Identification........................................................................................................................................ 94Friends Mode .................................................................................................................................................... 95Stack Check ...................................................................................................................................................... 97Quiet Mode........................................................................................................................................................ 98Registration Mode ............................................................................................................................................ 99Fixed Parameters........................................................................................................................................... 100Unsupported Commands .............................................................................................................................. 101Unsupported Functions.................................................................................................................................. 101Appendix A: AT Command Set Quick Reference....................................................................................... 102Index of AT Commands..................................................................................................................................... 106

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 6AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsINTRODUCTIONThis document is intended to provide the serial AT Command Interface provided by ExpediteWireless IP Modem for embedded OEM applications. The Expedite Wireless IP modem providesa connection-oriented service so that existing OEM application protocols can be used. In addition,the capability to switch the unit to Serial-Line-Internet-Protocol (SLIP) or Point-to-Point-Protocol(PPP) modes are provided so that new protocols can be developed within the OEM application.This document describes the Novatel Wireless Expedite Wireless IP Modem. The ExpediteWireless IP modem is an OEM-module designed for integration into a host product to providewireless data communication capability via the CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data) Network. Itfeatures internal TCP and UDP IP stacks as well as SLIP and PPP protocols for an external stackand provisions for using “Sleep Mode” to extend the operating time of battery powered devices.ScopeThe scope of this document is limited to providing information on the various AT commands whichcan be used on Novatel CDPD products as well as a brief summary of some of the standard ATcommands which are not supported. Internal design issues, detailed operating instructions andcost information is not included in this document.

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 7AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsPHYSICAL INTERFACEProtocolCDPD System Specification Part 400 Version 1.1 (CDPD Forum Inc.) This is the protocol stackfor the Expedite Wireless IP Modem:PhysicalMACMDLPSNDCPIPSLIP PPP UDP TCPAT InterfaceCommunication DriverCDPDLayersHostOEMApplicationLayersTo HostThe Expedite Wireless IP Modem does not support V.42 compression in SNDCP.The TCP/UDP interface is capable of supporting up to 3 sessions simultaneously1.The AT-command set described herein is derived from “CDPD Implementor Guidelines”, Release 1.12. Itcontains a subset of the commands described in Part 2014 that are supported by the Novatel ExpediteWireless IP Modem.For the purposes of this specification, “NRM” refers to the Novatel Expedite Wireless IP Modem; “Host”refers to the OEM application controller. 1 This is provided to solve the problem presented by delays encountered when closing a TCP session. That is, in order to processHost transactions in rapid succession (and since it is required to establish a new TCP session for each transaction) it isnecessary to establish a new TCP session before the previous one has had a chance to close.2 CDPD Forum makes no representations about the suitability of any material, comprising the CDPD system specification (or anyderivative work incorporating any element thereof) for any purpose; it being provided “as is” and without any warrantieswhatsoever, express or implied. The CDPD Forum shall not be responsible for any damages of any kind related to the use ofthe CDPD system specification (or any derivative work incorporating any element thereof), including without limitation,actual, direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, special, or general damages.

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 8AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsSoftware InterfaceA brief description of those functions specific to the Expedite Wireless IP Modem is described here.AT Command ModeAT commands and responses are active in command mode only; as determined by the state of the DSRline. Command mode behavior conforms to ANSI/TIA/EIA-602-1992 section 5, with the limitations statedbelow. The AT command set is a subset of the AT command set defined in ANSI/TIA/EIA-602 and in theCDPD System Specification Part 2014 Version 1.1, section 4.Command formatNote the following limitations:- The termination character is fixed as CR (ASCII 13).- Command line editing is supported (BS, ASCII 08 only).- Command line repeats (A/) is not supported.- The rules described below for buffering and flow control also apply to command mode. The Hostshould not transmit a single AT command which exceeds the buffer length (256 characters). Inaddition, the Host should wait until all responses associated with an AT command string have beenreceived before issuing another AT command.- Abortion of command-in-progress is not supported.- Default command parameters are accepted for the last command on a command line only.Result formatThe format of result code responses is determined by the ATV command setting.In terse mode, the result code is sent as a single ASCII character followed by a carriage return (ASCII 13)character.In verbose mode, a descriptive text message is sent followed by a carriage return. The following resultcodes are emitted by the NRM:Tersemode Verbose mode Description of Command0 OK Command accepted.1 CONNECT Connection established.2 RING Network origination indication.3 NO CARRIER Connection terminated, not established or command aborted.4 ERROR Invalid command parameter/state (e.g. DTR must be active before ATD can beaccepted.)5 NO SOCKETS No free TCP sockets within S7 seconds.6 NO DIALTONE CDPD link not established.7 BUSY Refused by destination or network, OR: Operation in progress.8 NO ANSWER No response received from the destination within S7 seconds.9 HELLO Issued at power on/reset.

$NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 9AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsData Mode DescriptionThe modem contains an integrated TCP/IP protocol stack. It is accessed via AT commands that put themodem into either a TCP or UDP data communications mode. If the application host contains a TCP/IPstack, PPP or SLIP can be used to transfer IP packets between the application host and the modem.The Data Terminal Ready (DTR) line is used by the modem as a qualifier for its operation in a data mode,TCP, UDP, SLIP or PPP. The DTR line is to be asserted before entering a data mode to indicate to themodem that the host computer is available for operation. The DTR line is de-asserted to terminate a datasession. The modem will not sustain a data mode session without DTR being active. The use of DTRcan be overridden by setting register S211 to 1: the equivalent of asserting DTR permanently.The DSR Signal is driven by the modem to indicate the existence of a data session. When the local hostasserts DTR, the modem will respond with the DSR signal to indicate that the modem has entered datamode. DSR is de-asserted to indicate that the modem has exited data mode.The NRM provides Host and Network originated access to the connection-oriented service using TCP/IP.Host origination is accomplished via the DIAL (ATDT) command. Upon successful completion of the DIALcommand (i.e. CONNECT result code), the NRM switches to TCP-Data mode. DTR must be assertedprior to issuing the ATDT, ATDP, AT\ASLIP or AT\APPP. If this is not followed the modem will not engagethe session in a manner where it can be sustained. The NRM signals a network origination to the Hostusing the RING result code. Failure to have DTR asserted while in “Listen” mode, network origination, willresult in a dropped session. The PAD functions are active during TCP-Data mode only, however, thedata buffering functions apply in all modes.For Listen mode applications, the modem must see DTR asserted when the TCP Session request isreceived. If DTR is not asserted the session request will be rejected. When the DTR signal is asserted,the modem will issue a RING followed by a CONNECT to indicate the beginning of an incoming datasession. Here RING indicates the source of the session as being a remote server while the CONNECTindicates the transition from AT Command mode to Data mode. . In this mode, the NRM will “Listen” forTCPP packets with port numbers which match that specified with the NRM’s IP address (re: S110). AnyTCP packets received in AT-CDPD mode, or packets received in TCP-Data mode without a matching portnumber, are rejected by the NRM with no indication to the Host. DTR can be used to terminate thesession or the remote server can initiate the termination.A session may be terminated by the Host de-asserting the DTR line. The remote host may also terminatea session. Connection status is maintained on the DSR line. Once the session has been terminated, theNRM returns to AT-CDPD mode. Note that session termination is the only method to return to AT-CDPDmode3.For UDP/IP, a connection-oriented service is “fabricated” within the NRM. The DIAL command (ATDP) isused to place the NRM into UDP-Data mode. In this mode, the NRM will “Listen” for UDP packets withport numbers which match that specified with the NRM’s IP address (re: S110). Any UDP packetsreceived in AT-CDPD mode, or packets received in UDP-Data mode without a matching port number, arerejected by the NRM with no indication to the Host. In UDP-Data mode, the port number for transmittedUDP packets is specified with the destination address associated with the DIAL command. Only the HostOrigination and Host Termination scenarios described above apply to UDP operation. The DTR and DSRlines, and the PAD functions, operate as in TCP-Data mode. 3 The Hayes compatible escape sequence is not supported.$

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 10AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsInternal Stack DescriptionIP (Internet Protocol) is the basic network protocol that routes packets on an IP network. CDPD networksand the Internet are IP networks. Transport protocols deliver packets between applications. Transportprotocols use the IP service to deliver data packets between network devices.In order for an application to communicate across a network, it will first open a port on the local device.The IP address of the local device and this port number becomes the unique address for this application,and is sometimes referred to as a socket. When the local application communicates with a distantapplication, it will send a packet addressed to the IP address and port number of that remote application.This address is the destination address of the packet. The packet will also contain the source address, theIP address and port number of the local application. The remote application may use the source addressof the packet received to communicate back to the local application.There are two common transport protocols used in TCP/IP networks:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 11AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsUDP Mode DescriptionUser Datagram Protocol is a basic transport protocol that provides a best-effort, connectionless deliveryservice with minimum overhead. The protocol does not guarantee delivery of packets. There is nochecking or retransmission of the data packets. It does provide minimum overhead as it only adds thesource and destination port numbers to the header. Since the protocol is unreliable, the application mustprovide checking, acknowledgments and retransmissions if the data is critical. In many applications, thedata is not critical because updates are sent periodically and occasional losses can be tolerated.UDP sessions may be originated by the local application host or by the network. The DTR signal must beasserted or S211=1 (pretend DTR is always asserted) for the unit to enter into a data communicationssession. The session is terminated by dropping DTR or resetting the unit.UDP Modes of OperationCommand: ATS82 = <mode>Where <mode> = Timer value in seconds0 = Regular mode1 = Not used (reserved)2 = Half-Open modeOriginating a UDP SessionA session is originated by the application host issuing the ATD (Dial) command:ATDPnnn.nnn.nnn.nnn/pppppATDP specifies a UDP session. nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn is the destination IP address and ppppp is thedestination application port number. If no port is specified then a port number of 0 is assumed. It shouldbe noted that UDP and TCP make extensive use of port numbers, please be aware that the modem willuse the port number as a criteria for accepting and passing data to the host application.CONNECT [terse 1] result code will be issued and all ensuing data sent from the host application will beassembled into a UDP packet and transmitted to the destination application.ERROR [terse 4] result code will be generated if the modem is not currently registered on a CDPDnetwork.PAD (Packet Assembly and Disassembly) function will transmit data when the inter-character idle time-outoccurs or when the PAD buffer is full. (256 or 512 bytes). The idle time-out is specified in register S50 in1/10 seconds.Receiving Data - Once the session is started, any packets sent to the modem's IP address with the portnumber specified in register S110 will be processed and the data portion will be transmitted over the seriallink to the host application. Any packets received with a different port number specified will be discarded.Termination - The session is terminated by dropping DTR or resetting the unit.

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 12AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsTCP Mode DescriptionTransport Control Protocol, is a reliable, connection-oriented transport protocol that usesacknowledgments and retransmissions to guarantee delivery. This is an obvious advantage forapplications where the data is critical and the application cannot provide the required reliability. There ismore overhead in the protocol to provide this reliability, making it less efficient than UDP. For larger datatransfers, TCP is the easiest protocol to use to get reliable service.TCP sessions may be originated by the local application host or by the network. The DTR signal must beasserted or S211=1 (pretend DTR is always asserted) for the unit to enter into a data communicationssession. The session is terminated by powering the modem off, dropping DTR or by the remote hostterminating the connection. If the session is terminated by a power down, the remote host may not teardown its part of the session properly, leaving the remote host waiting for further information for thatsession. This can pose problems for some applications. Care in session tear down is essential forreliable operation.TCP Modes of OperationTCP Listen mode is established by having S0=1 when the modem powers up. . The port specified inS110 will be used for the TCP Listen mode. The DTR signal must be asserted or S211=1 (ignore signal onDTR pin and proceed as if DTR is always asserted) for the unit to enter into a data communicationssession. When a connection request for the correct port is received by the modem, the modem willestablish the connection notify the local host with:Verbose TerseRING 2CONNECT 1and begin the TCP session.Termination - A TCP connection is terminated by dropping DTR, or by the remote end of the TCPconnection terminating the session.Originating a TCP Session A session is originated by the host application by issuing the ATD (Dial) command:ATDTnnn.nnn.nnn.nnn/pppppATDT specifies a TCP session. nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn is the destination IP address and ppppp is thedestination application port number. The modem will attempt to establish a connection with the destinationhost. If it is successful, a CONNECT [terse 1] result code will be issued and all ensuing data sent from theapp host will be assembled into a TCP packet and transmitted to the destination application.ERROR [terse 4] result code will be generated if the modem is not currently registered on a CDPDnetwork.Connection Failure will be signaled by a BUSY [terse 7] result code, and may be caused by one of thefollowing:- Wrong IP address or port number- The destination device does not have a TCP Listen process open on the port specified.- The destination host already has a connection established with another client on the specified port.

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 13AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP Modems- Connection failed to complete within the time specified in register S7 (sec). Normal values are about30 seconds, but is very dependent upon the application requirements. Many applications, whichprovide their own time-out for connection failure, will have this value set to 60+ seconds.PAD (Packet Assembly and Disassembly) function will transmit data when the inter-character idle time-outoccurs or when the PAD buffer is full. (256 or 512 bytes). The idle time-out is specified in register S50 in1/10 seconds.Receiving Data - Once the session is started, any packets sent to the modem's IP address with the portnumber specified in register S110 will be processed and the data portion will be transmitted over the seriallink to the host application. Any packets received with a different port number specified will be discarded.Termination - A TCP connection is terminated by dropping DTR or by the remote end of the TCPconnection terminating the session.

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 14AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsDTR Control DescriptionThe Data Terminal Ready (DTR) line is used by the modem as a qualifier for its operation in a data mode,TCP, UDP, SLIP or PPP. The DTR line is to be asserted before entering a data mode to indicate to themodem that the host computer is available for operation. The DTR line is de-asserted to terminate a datasession. The modem will not sustain a data mode session without DTR being active. The use of DTRcan be overridden by setting register S211 to 1: the equivalent of asserting DTR permanently.The DSR Signal is driven by the modem to indicate the existence of a data session. When DTR isasserted by the local host, the modem will respond with the DSR signal to indicate that the modem hasentered data mode. DSR is de-asserted to indicate that the modem has exited data mode.For Listen mode applications, the modem must see DTR asserted when the TCP Session request isreceived. If DTR is not asserted the session request will be rejected. When the DTR signal is asserted,the modem will issue a RING followed by a CONNECT to indicate the beginning of a incoming datasession. Here RING indicates the source of the session as being a remote server while the CONNECTindicates the transition from AT Command mode to Data mode. . In this mode, the NRM will “Listen” forTCPP packets with port numbers which match that specified with the NRM’s IP address (re: S110). AnyTCP packets received in AT-CDPD mode, or packets received in TCP-Data mode without a matching portnumber, are rejected by the NRM with no indication to the Host. DTR can be used to terminate thesession or the remote server can initiate the termination.A session may be terminated by the Host using the DTR line. The remote host may also terminate asession. Connection status is maintained on the DSR line. Once the session has been terminated, theNRM returns to AT-CDPD mode. Note that session termination is the only method to return to AT-CDPDmode4.The DTR line de-asserted can also be optionally used to power the modem off in addition to thetermination of the session. If the S211 register is set to 4, then the de-asserting of the DTR line will makethe modem terminate any current data session, perform a de-registration with the network and power itselfoff. 4 The Hayes compatible escape sequence is not supported.

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 15AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsPush TechnologyTo receive data while the modem is unattended by the host, the modem has been incorporated with themeans to receive the data packet, determine the type of message and the source IP address. This pushtechnology feature can be enabled or disabled by setting or resetting register S250. The modem cansignal the host that there are messages queued up, waiting to be retrieved by the host, using any or all ofthe following signals. The “message waiting” signal can be asserted when a message arrives and will bede-asserted when all messages have been retrieved or deleted. In the case of multiple messages, the“message waiting” signal will be asserted when the first arrives and will only be de-asserted when allmessages have been retrieved. Another signal, the “alert” signal, can also be used to provide a 500msecpulse to the host on its associated pin for each message that arrives. These signals can be madeavailable on any of the programmable pins of the interface. Their assignment is made using theprogrammable GPIO features of the Expedite Wireless IP Modem.The modem can hold up to 4 messages, determined by reading register S251, before the buffer overflowsand message data is lost. When the host accesses the modem to retrieve the stored messages, the hostfirst determines which messages it wants to retrieve based upon the source IP address. The host candiscard messages by setting register S254. This will cause the current message to be flushed from thequeue and the next message made available to the host.PUSH Technology EnableATS250? Query Wake Up Protocol StateATS250=1 Enable Push TechnologyATS250=0 Disable Push TechnologyATS251? Query Number of Pending MessagesResponse [0..4]ATS252? Query First Push MessageResponse [IPaddress/port]Format nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn/xxxxxATS253? Query Type of First Push MessageResponse [0, 1] 0 indicates UDP, 1 indicates TCPATS254=1 Discard Current Message

$NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 16AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsSlip ModeDescription:The command to enter Serial Line Internet Protocol mode (SLIP) is used when an external stackconfiguration is needed. SLIP is useful if the stack resides in the host computer, multiple sessions andcomplete control over all aspects of each session can be obtained. SLIP is one of the more commonprotocols used for splitting the functionality between the modem and the host. SLIP does, however,require certain parameters to be set up prior to activating a session. SLIP does not extract the IP addressfrom the modem. This must be set up in dial-up-networking before starting. SLIP is less flexible thanPoint to Point Protocol (PPP) which is quickly winning over most users.The SLIP session is usually controlled by DTR, unless the modem has been configured to ignore DTR byprogramming register S211. DTR, when used, must be asserted to initiate a session and de-asserted toterminate a session. If the modem has been programmed not to use DTR Control, then the commandAT\ASLIP can be sent without asserting DTR. To exit SLIP in this case, the host must either power downthe modem or use the escape sequence. To terminate a SLIP session, DTR must be de-asserted or theescape sequence can be activated or the modem can be powered down.Format:AT\ASLIP The command to enter SLIP modeValidity:Slip can only be entered from Command Mode. In Program or Diagnostic modes, the modem is notactively connected to the network.Other Considerations:While a modem can enter SLIP mode from command mode at any time, the intent of SLIP is to connect tothe network. Until there is a network connection established and the modem has registered, it is better todelay entering SLIP mode as you may report errors that will only persist until the modem registers. It isgenerally recommended that the host check the status of the modem before proceeding with a SLIPconnection. The Status can be checked using the “ATS57?” command.Related Topics:Enter PPP Mode, DTR Control, Program Mode, Data Mode, Diagnostic Mode. Checking Status, EscapeSequence$

$NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 17AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsPoint to Point Protocol (PPP)Description:The command to enter Point to Point Protocol mode (PPP) is used when an external stack configuration isneeded. PPP is useful if the stack resides in the host computer, providing multiple sessions and completecontrol over all aspects of each session. PPP is quickly becoming the new standard for dial-in-networking.PPP provides more flexibility and less items that need to be explicitly set.The PPP session is usually controlled by DTR, unless the modem has been configured to ignore DTR byprogramming register S211. DTR, when used, must be asserted to initiate a session and de-asserted toterminate a session. If the modem has been programmed not to use DTR Control, then the commandAT\APPP can be sent without asserting DTR. To exit PPP in this case, the host must either power downthe modem or use the escape sequence. To terminate a PPP session, DTR must be de-asserted or theescape sequence can be activated or the modem can be powered down..Format:AT\APPP The command to enter PPP ModeThe response will be CONNECT or ERRORThe alternate command to use is SERVERThe response will be CLIENTValidity:PPP can only be entered from Command Mode. In Program or Diagnostic modes, the modem is notactively connected to the network.Other Considerations:While a modem can enter PPP mode from command mode at any time, the intent of PPP is to connect tothe network. Until there is a network connection established and the modem has registered, it is better todelay entering PPP mode as you may report errors that will only persist until the modem registers. It isgenerally recommended that the host check the status of the modem before proceeding with a PPPconnection. The Status can be checked using the “ATS57?” command.An alternate method of entering PPP mode is to send the word CLIENT to the modem. The modem willrespond with SERVER. This is NOT an AT command. It is neither preceded by an "AT" nor succeededby a CR. Exiting PPP mode is performed using the DTR control signal.Related Topics:SLIP Mode, DTR Control, Program Mode, Data Mode, Diagnostic Mode. Checking Status$

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 18AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsData Transmission ModePacket AssemblyThe NRM provides a local Packet Assembly and Disassembly (PAD) function. For transmission,the character stream from the Host is assembled into packets for RF transmission under thefollowing conditions:-Idle time-out: If the time between successive characters exceeds the time interval specified inregister S50, any pending data is assembled for transmission.Buffering and Flow ControlThe NRM has an input data buffer which is intended to be set larger than the longest transmitmessage used by existing protocols in the Host. The size of this buffer is 578 characters.If hardware flow control is disabled and, the NRM is formatting and transmitting data blocksassociated with a packet, the Host should not send additional data as this may cause input bufferoverflow. Buffer overflow will result in a loss of data with no indication to the Host. In order toavoid data loss, it is recommended (and anticipated) that the Host application protocol operatesusing a half-duplex ACK/NAK protocol. It should be expected that the Host acknowledgmenttime-out should be set greater than that required for circuit-switched modem configurations. Thisis to account for propagation delays through the NRM, CDPD base station and CDPD and Internetnetworks.

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 19AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsData Reception ModePacket DisassemblyThe NRM begins transmitting the character stream associated with a received packet to the Hostas soon as all the associated blocks have been received and processed.Buffering and Flow ControlThe NRM has an output data buffer which is intended to be set larger than the longest receivemessage used by existing protocols in the Host application. The size of this buffer is 2144characters.When the NRM is sending the characters associated with a received packet to the Host, theremote host processor should not send additional data as this may result in output buffer overflow.NRM buffer overflow shall result in a loss of data with no indication to the Host or remote host. Inorder to avoid data loss, it is recommended (and anticipated) that the Host application protocoloperates using a half-duplex ACK/NAK protocol. The remote host acknowledgment time-outshould be lengthened as described above.

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 20AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsSleep Mode DescriptionSleep mode can be activated by sending the commands AT#ZZ=1, AT#ZZ=2 or deactivated bythe command AT#ZZ=0. Changes must be entered in program mode. The module should bereset after changing the sleep mode activation since the module will have registered and informedthe network that it has sleep mode or not. The module will enter sleep mode, if activated, after theinactivity timer has expired and a Network TEI notification message has been received by themodem.In areas with low signal strength or where the signal strength varies to a high degree, the unit maynot enter sleep mode in a regular fashion. The unit must have conditions where the unit candecode the TEI notification messages from a reliable signal.No notification message or signal is given to the host that sleep mode is engaged. The host mustassume that if the modem has been inactive for more than the number of seconds specified in theinactivity timer that the modem has gone to sleep.To wake the modem up from sleep mode, the wake-up signal can be asserted for a minimum of10 ms or a break character of 20 ms in duration followed by a 2 ms pause or 2 character spacesat 19200 bps can be sent. The module will de-assert CTS when entering sleep mode to inhibit thehost from sending data but will periodically assert CTS and check for incoming serial data fromthe host to prevent any loss of data.No indication is given to the module that the host is in sleep mode. The module will assume thehost is sleeping if the module is sleeping and send a break character to initialize communicationswith the host.There are two types of sleep mode implemented for this product:i. Normal – in normal sleep mode, the modem will attempt to maximize its sleep time basedon the configuration of the network where it has registered. Practically, this means that ifthe network supports a sleep time of 60 seconds, and allows 5 TEI notifications to bemissed without penalty, the modem could theoretically sleep for a minimum of 4 minutes.ii. Short – in short sleep mode, the modem will attempt to sleep in short bursts of 5 secondsand awaken to allow communication from the host. In this mode, CTS would normally bedeasserted so hosts would not normally attempt to send data until the CTS is assertedagain in 5 seconds when the modem wakes up for 400msec. This is the same operationas in the NRM6812 products when AT#ZZ=2 and has been maintained for backwardcompatibility.Related Topics:Sleep Mode Feature Enable/Disable

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 21AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsSleep Mode Feature Enable/DisableDescription:This command permits the user to define what sleep mode the modem should use. Since variousapplications and host computers have different requirements for communicating with a modem thatutilizes sleep mode, this command encompasses several different options that should satisfy anyapplication. If sleep mode does not appear to work with your application, please contact Novatel Wirelessfor assistance. The default setting for this mode is off.Format:AT#ZZ? Sleep status query commandAT#ZZ=0 Disable sleep featureAT#ZZ=1 Enable Long cycle sleepAT#ZZ=2 Enable short cycle sleepValidity:Changes must be entered in program mode.Other Considerations:See the sleep mode description.Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 22AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsOut-of-service Sleep ModeThe modem must be registered and within a reliable coverage area before it can actually go tosleep for standard sleep mode. This means that the modem cannot sleep and will be in a higherbattery discharge state at all times that the modem is outside of CDPD coverage. The Out-of-service Sleep Mode allows the modem to go to sleep during periods of no coverage. The modemwill sleep for some (usually relatively long) period and wake occasionally to see if it has returnedto a coverage area. The goal is to give the modem a battery life approaching that of standardsleep mode when within CDPD coverage.Out-of-service sleep mode is activated by sending the AT#NSZZ=1 command or deactivated bysending the AT#NSZZ=0 command. This change must be saved with the AT&W command, andthe module must be reset before this change will take effect.Following a loss of signal, the modem will make several attempts to find service on the currentlyregistered side before deciding that it is no longer registered and that it must search both sides forservice. Once this has occurred, or following modem initialization under no service conditions, themodem will continue to search for a valid CDPD signal for the complete scan period. If no serviceis found the modem will sleep for the sleep cycle length less the time that it was awake for thesearch. After this sleep interval, the modem will wake for a brief search. If no service is found, itwill sleep again for the sleep cycle length less the brief scan period. This cycle continues with onescan period in each cycle count periods being a complete scan. If the modem finds service andregisters during one of the scans, the out-of-service sleep mechanism is reset and waits for thenext time that service is lost.To prematurely wake the modem up from out-of-service sleep mode, the wake-up signal can beasserted for a minimum of 10 ms. The module will de-assert CTS when entering sleep mode toinhibit the host from sending data but will periodically assert CTS and check for incoming serialdata from the host to prevent any loss of data.Description:These commands permit the user to define what the parameters of out-of-service sleep mode and toenable or disable the operation of this mode. If out-of-service sleep mode does not appear to work withyour application, please contact Novatel Wireless for assistance. The default setting for this mode is off.Format:AT#NSZZ Out-of-service Sleep status query commandAT#NSZZ=0 Disable out-of-service sleep featureAT#NSZZ=1 Enable out-of-service sleep featureAT#NSZZTM=p,b,c,n Configure out-of-service sleep featurep = sleep cycle length in seconds. This is the intervalbetween successive wakeups.b = brief scan period in seconds. This is the time thatthe modem will be awake for most of its waking intervals.It is intended to be a brief look at the hot list of thepreferred side.

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 23AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP Modemsc = complete scan period in seconds. This is the timethat the modem will be awake once in each cycle countsleep cycles. It is intended to be long enough for themodem to register on the network if a channel isavailable on either side; that is, time to completely searchthe cellular environment for a channel to register on.n = cycle counts in units. One waking interval in “cyclecount” wakeups will be a complete scan. All otherwaking intervals will be a brief scan.Validity:Changes must be entered in program mode.Other Considerations:Related Topic:Sleep Mode

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 24AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP Modems

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 25AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsPower-up Default ModeDescription:The power up default mode command permits the user to define how the modem will act after power isapplied and the modem begins operating. Upon power up, the modem will perform a quick self test,determine its configuration and then enter the programmed default mode. This can be either the standardAT Command mode or PPP, SLIP or UDP data modes.The use of PPP or SLIP as the default mode permits the user to eliminate the start up commands andhence have the unit register and activate the data mode more quickly. Since there is no requirement fordata exchange to set up SLIP, the host can proceed to set up its stack once the CONNECT message isreceived from the modem. Because PPP requires some data to be exchanged to set up the IP and otherparameters, the host must complete the PPP link before data can be sent or received.The use of UDP as a default mode permits a host to begin sending or receiving data over the modemconnection as soon as the modem has registered on the network. The modem will power up, perform thequick self test, determine its configuration, enter AT Command mode and then, once the modem hasregistered on the network, enter UDP mode. Upon entering UDP mode a “CONNECT” message is sent tothe host. The UDP mode can make use of the half-open or standard UDP features.Format:ATMD0 For AT Command mode at power-upATMD1 For SLIP Data mode at power-upATMD2 For PPP Data mode at power-upATMD3 For UDP Data mode at power-upATMD83 UDP with no IP address verify on incoming packetsValidity:Power-up default mode changes can be made at anytime. Default modes were introduced in softwarerelease on September 97 and are valid for all later software revisions.Other Considerations:Because the default mode takes effect once the modem has registered with the network, it is important tomake any desired changes as soon after power up as possible.Related Topics:UDP, Enter PPP Mode, Enter SLIP Mode, AT Command Mode

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 26AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsSet Hardware ConfigurationCommand to set the hardware release version number, i.e. Rev 3.2, Rev 3.3, Rev SM-1 etc.. Thehardware configuration setting is set at the factory and should not normally be set by the user. Thehardware configuration version can only be set in Diagnostic mode.ATI3 Query Hardware configurationAT#NH=number Set Hardware configurationAT#NH? Query Hardware configuration

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 27AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsProfile Configuration CommandsDescription:Upon power-on/reset, the NRM issues a HELLO (verbose) or a 9 (terse) result code and proceeds toregister with the CDPD system. AT commands are active by default. This state is referred to as AT-CDPD mode.These commands affect settings that are stored in the modems Non-Volatile Memory (NVM). Thesecommands are used by service personnel when the unit is installed and as required thereafter to updateservice access information. Note that some configuration changes will not be permanently saved untilthey have been written to Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) with the AT&W command.

$NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 28AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsProgram ModeDescription:Program mode permits the user to change S register parameters that affect the modems operation.Program mode was created as a means of protecting the configuration of the modem from spurious orunwanted attempts to change them. The addition of the password protects the equipment fromunauthorized access and modification. While in program mode, the modem is disconnected from thenetwork. Data cannot be sent or received over the wireless link.Format:AT\APROG,NRM6812 Enter program modeAT&W Save changes and exit program modeATZ Exit without saving changesThe password field is case sensitive. The modem will distinguish upper and lower case letters to bedifferent. In the above example, NRM6812 is the default password. NRM must be entered as capitalletters otherwise the password will not be accepted. Passwords should be more than six charactershowever the software will accept any number of characters up to 8.Validity:The user can enter program mode while in AT Command mode.Other Considerations:Besides being used as the password for entry into Program mode, the password is also used as a qualifierfor the escape sequence used to exit data modes. Care should be used when changing passwords.Related Topics:Changing Password, Saving Settings, Soft Reset, S Registers,$

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 29AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsLocal EchoDescription:The Set Local Echo command permits the user to select whether the modem should echo the characterssent to it back to the host. For some applications, local echo is not required as the host does not need toconfirm what has been sent to the modem. For terminal operation, local echo can be used to verify whathas been sent to the modem and aids in sending commands, since each keystroke is displayed on theterminal.Format:ATE0 Disable Local EchoATE1 Enable Local echoValidity:Changes to the local echo setting are valid during program or AT command modes. Changes made whilenot in program mode will be lost upon power down. Changes made and saved while in program mode willbe retained by the modem.Other Considerations:For a wide variety of applications, local echo is not required or desired. When using local echo with aterminal, it is wise to keep in mind that the application being used may require local echo to be off ratherthan on. Always ensure that the echo setting is set in the proper mode for the application when re-installing a modem.Related Topics:Saving Settings, AT Command Mode

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 30AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsResponse FormatDescription:The Set Response Format command is used to define what manner the modem returns when commandsare sent to it. Responses can be defined to be either plain text messages or a single numeric digit.Numeric control is better suited for machine applications while plain text is better for interpretation byhumans.Tersemode Verbose mode(Plain Text) Description of Response0 OK Command accepted.1 CONNECT Connection established.2 RING Network origination indication.3 NO CARRIER Connection terminated, not established or command aborted.4 ERROR Invalid command parameter/state (e.g. DTR must be active before ATD can beaccepted.)5 NO SOCKETS No free TCP sockets within S7 seconds.6 NO DIALTONE CDPD link not established.7 BUSY Refused by destination or network, OR: Operation in progress.8 NO ANSWER No response received from the destination within S7 seconds.9 HELLO Issued at power on/reset.Format:ATV0 To enable the response to be in the numeric formatATV1 To enable the response to be in plain textValidity:Changes to the Response Format setting are valid during program or AT command modes. Changesmade while not in program mode will be lost upon power down. Changes made and saved while inprogram mode will be retained by the modem.Other Considerations:Some machine applications use the plain text response as it saves reformatting the information forpresentation to a human operator.Related Topics:Saving Settings, AT Command Mode

$NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 31AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsProgrammable I/ODescription:Commands used to configure the General Purpose I/O lines for predefined functions. Any of these signalscan be associated with any of the GPIO pins on the interface. However, due to the nature of the power upstate of these pins, recommendations on which signals should be associated with which pins will beprovided.Format:All changes to the state of the GPIO signal associations will only be allowed while in Program Mode of themodem. Also, any changes will only take place only upon device power up.To enter program mode: at\aprog,<password>ATIO1? To query the current setting of GPIO1ATIO1=<code> To set the operating function of GPIO1ATIO2? To query the current setting of GPIO2ATIO2=<code> To set the operating function of GPIO2ATIO3? To query the current setting of GPIO3ATIO3=<code> To set the operating function of GPIO3ATIO4? To query the current setting of GPIO4ATIO4=<code> To set the operating function of GPIO4ATIO5? To query the current setting of GPIO5ATIO5=<code> To set the operating function of GPIO5ATIO6? To query the current setting of GPIO6ATIO6=<code> To set the operating function of GPIO6To save the profile: at&wDefault Configuration:OEM: Pin Type SignalGPIO1 O RS232 ControlGPIO2 O Service IndicationGPIO3 O ReadyGPIO4 O RF AllGPIO5 I Power BoostGPIO6 O RingMinstrel III: Pin Type SignalGPIO1 O RS232 ControlGPIO2 O Service IndicationGPIO3 O Hot Sync / AlertGPIO4 O Message Waiting IndicationGPIO5 I Power DownGPIO6 O Low Battery Indication$

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 32AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsSelection CodesCode Type Pins Description0 -- --- Defaults by modem type1OGPIO1-6 High2 O GPIO1-6 Low3 O GPIO1-6 Ready (binary, ON once registered, OFF if modem has tohunt for service).4 O GPIO1-6 Service (current flashing scheme for service detection).5 O GPIO1-6 Alert (provides positive pulse if PUSH message queued).6 O GPIO1,2,4,6 Ring (negative logic, OFF if RING, ON once data modestarted).7OGPIO1-6 RF (Tx).8OGPIO1-6 RF (Rx).9 O GPIO1-6 RF (Rx or Tx).10 O GPIO1-6 Low Battery Indication. Will be asserted when first thresholdin NVM is reached.11 O GPIO1-6 Message Waiting (like Alert, ON if PUSH message queued,OFF when last PUSH released).12 O GPIO1,2,4,6 RS 232 Power Down (asserted when the unit is in sleepmode, de-asserted during normal op).100 I GPIO1-6 Power Down indication (when asserted, modem will de-register and power off).101 I GPIO1-6 Power Boost indication (when asserted, modem will enterPower Boost mode ).Validity:If the register is set to zero, the modem will use the default setting.Setting can be changed at any time by the host when in Program Mode but will not be saved unless aAT&W is performed.Other Considerations:For additional information on the electrical characteristics of the pins and their placement on theconnector, please consult the Expedite Wireless IP Hardware Interface Specification.Related Topics:Host Interface/Power Connector, Program Mode, Low Battery Warnings, Power Boost feature,Push Technology

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 33AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsSoft ResetDescription:The soft reset command is used to return the modem to the initial conditions upon power up. The SoftReset will return S Registers to their stored values, restart the channel scan process, clear all data buffersincluding any pending data that is still contained within the modem. The modem will shut down anyexisting stack in an orderly manner. A soft reset will de-register a modem from the CDPD network ifnecessary.In PROG mode, this command may be used to exit without saving any NVM changes.Format:ATZ To perform a modem soft resetValidity:Valid for AT Command and Program Modes.Other Considerations:Upon issuing a Soft Reset, the modem will disconnect from the CDPD Network and restart the channelscan procedure. This results in a temporary lapse in the modem’s ability to send or receive data. Beforeinitiating a data mode session (PPP, SLIP, UDP or TCP) immediately following a soft reset, it isrecommended that the application verify that the modem is registered on the network.Related Topics:S Registers, Enter Program Mode, Saving Settings

$NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 34AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsSide PreferenceDescription:This command allows the user to specify the CDPD Service Side preference. Since there are two sideswithin a CDPD service area this command makes it possible to specify one side over the other or simplyforce the unit to either side only. Check with your carrier to determine on which cellular side CDPDservice is provided. Format:AT\N? To determine current setting use AT\N1 To set the unit to A side onlyAT\N2 To set the unit to B side onlyAT\N3 To set the unit to A side PreferredAT\N4 To set the unit to B side PreferredValidity:The AT\N command can be used at any time while the unit is in Command or Program Mode. The unitdoes not need to be in Program Mode for this command to take effect. The setting is stored in NVM eachtime the setting is changed.Other Considerations:Along with the side preference, it is often recommended that a user specify a Service Provider Identifier(SPI) or Service Provider Network Identifier (SPNI) to direct the modem to search for a preferred carrieras that carrier may not be on one side throughout the country.Related Topics:Setting SPI, SPNI, WASI; Setting Carrier Preference;$

$NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 35AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsPasswordDescription:The set password command is used to change the alphanumeric password string used to secure the entryto program mode and also as a qualifier for the activation of the escape sequence. The password can beset to a string of alpha, the letters a to z in both upper and lower case and the numeric digits 0 to 9.Spaces are not allowed. Upper and lower case alpha characters are distinguished as different characters.A null string, one containing no alpha or numeric characters is considered valid. It is recommended thatthe password string be 6 to 8 characters in length for optimal security.Format:AT\P=oldpwd,newpwd,newpwd To change the password the commandExample AT\P=NRM6812,NEW6812,NEW6812In the above example, NRM6822 is the old password (set at the factory) while NEW6812 is the newpassword being entered. Two copies are required as can be seen by the entry of NEW6812,NEW6812.To enter a null string as a password the command would take the form ofAT\P=NRM6812,,There is no way to read back and determine the password once it has been set.Validity:The change password command is valid for Program mode.Other Considerations:Care should always be exercised when changing the password. While not all applications warrant alteringthe password, the need for additional security may be partly satisfied by configuring the password.For users that make use of the Escape sequence, setting the password to the null string configures themodem to operate in a manner similar to the Hayes modems. The NRM6812 escape sequence does notsupport the idle time requirement. It simply scans the data stream for the escape characters followed bythe password. When the password is a null string, the modem operates similar to a Hayes Modem.Related Topics:Escape Sequence, Program Mode, Data Modes$

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 36AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsEscape SequenceDescription:The Data Mode Escape sequence is used to discontinue use of the internal UDP or TCP stack. Theescape sequence does not cause any deviation to SLIP or PPP operation and would not normally be usedin this manner. Unless the modem has been set to use the TCP Suspend feature, once the escapesequence is encountered by the modem it will terminate the current session, tear down the stack andenter AT Command mode.If the modem has been programmed to use the TCP Suspend feature, the modem will not tear down thestack but will temporarily suspend the TCP session and enter AT Command mode. This would permit thehost time to access other parameters to alter the manner of communications.The escape sequence consists of the string “+++” followed by the program mode password (normallyNRM6812). There is no requirement for a guard time or other special pauses before, after or in betweenescape sequence characters. The string must be an exact match, matching both letter/number and case.The password can be set to a string of alpha, the letters a to z in both upper and lower case and thenumeric digits 0 to 9. Spaces are not allowed. Upper and lower case alpha characters are distinguishedas different characters. A null string, one containing no alpha or numeric characters is considered valid. Itis recommended that the password string be 6 to 8 characters in length for optimal security.Format:+++<password> Escape SequenceExample +++NRM6812 Default PasswordHayes Compatible +++ Password is set to null stringValidity:The escape sequence can be used to exit the internal TCP or UDP data modes.Other Considerations:For users that make use of the Escape sequence, setting the password to the null string configures themodem to operate in a manner similar to the Hayes modems. The NRM6812 escape sequence does notsupport the idle time requirement. It simply scans the data stream for the escape characters followed bythe password. When the password is a null string, the modem operates similar to a Hayes Modem.Related Topics:Set Password, Program Mode, Data Modes

$NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 37AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsHardware Flow ControlDescription:The set flow control command is used to configure the modem to either respond to the hardware flowcontrol signal Request To Send (RTS) and generate Clear To Send (CTS) or ignore them and pass datawithout regard to the RTS input. When flow control is turned off, CTS is set active.Format:AT\Q? Query current flow control settingAT\Q0 Set flow control off (Default)AT\Q2 Set Flow control on (Hardware)Validity:Flow control can be set while in AT Command Mode or Program Mode. Changes made to the flow controlsetting take effect immediately. There is no need to enter program mode and save the settings.Other Considerations:Due to the asynchronous nature of sending and receiving data over a wireless channel, it is recommendedthat flow control be set on so that the host and modem can eliminate data overflow problems. Should theapplication require only sporadic data reception and transmission of short data packets, the use ofhardware flow control is considered optional.Related Topics:Data Mode, Program Mode, Hardware Interface.$

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 38AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsDisconnect (Hang-up)Description:The Disconnect or Hang-up Command is used to end a TCP or UDP session and possibly power themodem off. When the ATH0-3 command is used, it ends the data mode session and puts the modem intoAT Command mode. When the ATH4 command is used, the data mode session is terminated, themodem will perform a de-registration from the network and initiate a shutdown.Format:ATH0 Terminate session & return to AT Command modeATH1 Terminate session & return to AT Command modeATH2 Terminate session & return to AT Command modeATH3 Terminate session, de-register, and return to ATCommand modeATH4 Terminate session, de-register and shutdownValidity:Valid for TCP and UDP data modes.Other Considerations:Related Topics:Data Mode, Program Mode, Hardware Interface.

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 39AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsRestore Factory DefaultsDescription:The restore factory default command sets the following S registers to their default factory setting. Thesettings are stored in RAM only and will not be saved unless a Save Settings command is issued beforepower down or a soft reset.Format:AT&F Restore factory defaultsValidity:This command is valid only in Program mode.Other Considerations:Not all registers are altered by the Restore factory default command. For a complete listing of S registersettings see the S Register summary.Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 40AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsLine Speed and FormatDescription:This command allows the user to specify the data bit rate or “line speed” and format of the host serial portfor all subsequent communications. Some applications have the need for operating at a different linespeed, other than 9600, because of existing or established wire-line software. The line speed change willnot take effect until the registers have been saved and the modem reset.Format:ATS23? To determine the current line settingORAT&L? To determine the current line settingATS23=<S>,<D><P><N> To change the serial port settingsORAT&L<S>,<D><P><N> To change the serial port settingsWhere: <S> = Baud rate in bits/second: [1200 | 2400 | 4800 | 9600 | 19200]<D> = Number of data bits [7 | 8]<P> = Parity [O | E | N]<N> = Number of stop bits [1 | 2]Examples (all have 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit)For 19200 enter AT&L19200,8N1For 9600 enter AT&L9600,8N1For 4800 enter AT&L4800,8N1For 2400 enter AT&L2400,8N1For 1200 enter AT&L1200,8N1Default Setting 9600,8N1Note:When AT&L is entered the modem will interpret this as AT&L1200,7O1 (7 bits, odd parity, 1 stop)Validity:This command is valid only in Program Mode. Serial port change will not occur until settings are savedand a soft reset occurs.Other Considerations:The NRM does not support the auto-baud detection function. Characters received with parity errors areignored by the NRM with no indication to the Host.

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 41AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsRelated Topics:Software Reset

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 42AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsView Active ProfileDescription:This command displays the current active configuration state of most NRM data registers.Format:AT&V View active profileValidity:Valid in AT Command and Program modes.Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 44AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsDestination IP Address/PortDescription:This command is used to store the default IP address for the remote host. When the modem is directedto establish a session using TCP, or send UDP packets, without specifying an IP address, the IP addressspecified by register S53 is used at the destination IP. The addition of a preceding “T” or “P” is used todefine a default mode of operation when one is not supplied with the ATD command. The ‘port value’ isthe TCP/UDP port number used to identify the application in the remote host to be used for theconnection-oriented service.Format:ATS53? Query destination IP Addr /PortATS53=T1.2.3.4/1 Set the destination IP Addr/PortWhere: <mode> = Optional access mode for remote hostT = TCP (default).P = UDP<address> = IP address: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx<port> = TCP/UDP port number [1 - 65535]Example ATS53=166.140.73.2/2100IP = 166.140.73.2Port = 2100Validity:Valid in either AT Command or Program modes. The value specified is stored immediately in NVM.Other Considerations:If set to a non- zero string, this port number is attached to all transmitted packets in UDP-Data mode.Related Topics:TCP mode, UDP mode, Default mode,

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 45AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsDebug ModeDescription:This command sets the NRM into debug mode, sending debug information out the serial port. The debuginformation is generated by the “Radio Resource Manager” (RRM) portion of the modem’s internalsoftware. This piece of code oversees the operation of the modem, monitoring the physical connection,channel management and data transport. Debug information is generated only while the modem is in ATCommand mode. Once the modem enters a data mode, the debug information stream is suspendedsince this would interfere with the data transfer operation.An alternative to the debug mode is to use the MSCI protocol and monitor the modem’s operationinteractively. The MSCI protocol requires a PPP or SLIP link to be used and then sends special UDPmessages directly to the modem. The modem responds to the UDP messages returning the requestedmodem operation data.Format:AT#X=1 Enter debug modeAT#X=0 Exit debug modeValidity:Valid in AT Command mode only.Other Considerations:Debug mode cannot be entered in Program mode since the modem is disconnected from the network andthe RRM is not running.Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 46AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsAuto Answer (TCP Listen)Description:Register S0 is used to put the NRM into a state where the modem will accept a TCP session request froma remote server or another modem. The modem can remain in AT Command mode while the modem iswaiting for a session request to be received.The session activation process begins when the host asserts DTR (if DTR operation is selected) to informthe modem that it can accept the session request.The modem will issue a “RING” string to the host to indicate that a session has been initiated. Themodem may also generate a CMOS and/or a RS-232 RING signal coincident with sending the RING stringif programmed to do so. The IP address port number, stored in register S53, is used as a qualifier for thesession request.Format:ATS0? Auto Answer QueryATS0=1 Set Auto Answer mode ONATS0=0 Set Auto Answer mode OFFValidity:Auto answer mode can be set in either AT Command or Program mode. Setting changes to auto answerare saved immediately.Other Considerations:Related Topics:Register S53

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 47AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsConnection Establishment Time-outDescription:When initiating a session request as a remote client, attempting to talk to a server, a time-out limit forestablishing the connection can be specified by setting register S7 to the appropriate value. When a TCPsession request is sent out by the modem, the server being called will respond with either an acceptanceor busy message. If the server does so before the time-out limit is reached, the modem will respond withthe acceptance string “CONNECT” or the declining string “BUSY. The server will usually return a “BUSY”message when it is overloaded and cannot accept further sessions. If the server being called does notrespond in the time allowed, the modem will respond with an ERROR message to indicate that it could notestablish a session.Format:ATS7? Connection Timeout valueGeneral Command format ATS7=<time-out>Where: <time-out> = time-out value in seconds [0 - 255]Default 60 secondsExample command ATS7=45 programs a value of 45 seconds for the time-outvalue.Validity:This command is valid only in Program mode. The value must be saved with the AT&W command.Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 48AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsData Forwarding Idle Time-outDescription:When using the internal stack either UDP or TCP, the data being sent to the modem is automaticallyencapsulated in an IP packet using the preset protocol. The packet size may vary depending upon therate at which the data characters are received. If the data is received in a very sporadic manner, themodem will assemble and send a packet after an idle period has elapsed, no data is received in thisinterval. This keeps the data moving, retaining some time relevance instead of waiting for a specificnumber or a full buffer. The modem will also send a packet if a return character is encountered in thedata stream.The timer value is programmable from 0.1 to 25.5 seconds in 1/10th of a second resolution.Format:ATS50? Data Forwarding Idle Time-outGeneral command format ATS50=<time-out value>Where: <time-out value> = Time-out value in 1/10th seconds [0 -255]Example command ATS50=15 the time out value is set to 1.5 secondsDefault factory setting is 0.5 secondsValidity:Other Considerations:For most applications, data is sent in bursts, with each burst of data having relevance within theapplication. To define the length of each packet, it is recommended to send the data in bursts followed bya return. Packet length will vary as both UDP and TCP include overhead information in each packet.Typically TCP will include a 40 byte header while UDP uses less than 20 bytes for header information.UDP is generally used to reduce data transmission costs but requires the application to handle lostpackets and retries.Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 49AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsData Forwarding Idle CharacterDescription:When using the internal stack either UDP or TCP, the data being sent to the modem is automaticallyencapsulated in an IP packet using the preset protocol. The packet size may vary depending upon therate at which the data characters are received. If the data is received in a very sporadic manner, themodem will assemble and send a packet after a specific character is encountered in the data stream. Anormal idle character configuration would be a CR or NL character. This register will configure which idlecharacter to forward information on.Format:ATS51? Query Data Forwarding Idle CharacterATS51=0 Disabled Data Forwarding Idle CharacterASS51=aa Data Forwarding Idle Character values of 1-255Validity:Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 50AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsUDP Half Open ModeDescription:Once the modem is configured to operate in the half-open mode, it can accept AT commands from thekeyboard, it can also receive UDP packets through the RF channels for the duration specified by the userwithout performing and ATD command.The modem can accept UDP packets from any destination. But once it receives a packet, it locks ontothat destination and automatically goes into the regular UDP mode. It stays in that mode until either theDTR is dropped, the escape sequence is sent or the Half-Open timer expires. The timer restarts everytime a packet is received or sent. For example, if the timer is set to 30, the Monitor will stay in the UDPmode until 30 seconds after the last UDP packet is received or sent. Once the modem exits active UDP,it returns to the Half-Open mode.If the destination address is set to a nonzero value, everything will work the same as the above except thatit will only accept UDP packets from that specific destination and ignore the rest.Format: ATS82=0 regular mode ATS82=1 not used (reserved) ATS82=2 Half-Open mode enabledQuery: ATS82?Command: ATS82=<mode>Where <mode> 0 = Regular mode1 = Not used (reserved)2 = Half-Open modeValidity:This command can only be issued in command mode.Other Considerations:Register S83 is used as the half-open timer. Setting this register to a non-zero value permits theautomatic UDP stack to remain active for that amount of time (measured in seconds).ATS83? Query UDP Open TimeoutATS83=60 Set UDP Open Timeoutsets the timer to 60 seconds.Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 51AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsStatus ReportingDescription:The CDPD Status Reporting feature provides a status code to be automatically issued each time themodems connection status changes. The status message is encoded using a string of five letters. Eachletter position indicates the current status of a particular condition or phase in the modems operation.A or I RSSI, received signalstrength intensity,A = >-100 dBmI = <-100 dBm. “A” indicates a signal strength in excess of –100 dBm while an “I”indicates a signal strength below –100 dBm. It is generally found thatmodem operation is most reliable when the signal strength is above –100 dBm.B or J Current forwardchannel error rateB = < 3%J = > 3%The second letter is used to indicate the current error rate on theforward channel (modem receiver). The letter “B” indicates an error ratelower than 3%, which is considered acceptable in most applicationssince it can be easily corrected within the Reed Solomon codingscheme. The letter “J” is used to indicate an error rate above 3%.Errors above 3% can cause delays in data reception and may requireretransmission of data between the modem and the base station.C or K Found CDPD ServiceC = Service foundK = No Service yetThe third letter is used to indicate that the modem has found a cellularchannel with CDPD service. The modem indicates the existence of theavailable channel using a “C”. Until a channel is found the modem willissue a “K” in the third letter position. Should the modem not establish aconnection it will hunt for another channel, putting out a “K” until a newchannel is found.D or L Registration indicatorD = RegisteredL = Not RegisteredThe fourth letter is the registration indicator. A “D” indicates that themodem has successfully acquired a channel and registered with thenetwork. Data modes can then be used. An “L” in this position indicatesthat the modem has not yet registered.E or M Scan ModeE = Set on ChannelM = ScanningThe fifth and final letter is used to indicate when the modem is scanningand when the modem is fixed on a channel. An “E” indicates that themodem is fixed on a channel while an “M” indicates the modem issearching for channels. As defined within the CDPD specification themodem will periodically scan other channels trying to find a strongersignal or one that is not as heavily used.Format:ATS103? To determine the current settingATS103=1 To enable status reportingATS103=0 To disable status reportingValidity:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 52AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsThe status reporting can be enabled or disabled in either AT Command or Program modes. Changesmade in AT Command mode and not saved with the AT&W command in Program mode will not beretained after power down.Other Considerations:Status reporting, if enabled, will continue to operate in PPP and SLIP modes but will be suspended in TCPand UDP modes.Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 53AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsLocal IP Address/PortDescription:Since the modem connects directly to the Internet, it needs to have an IP address to define where datadestined for it can be sent. The two methods for defining IP addresses are static and dynamic. DynamicIP addresses are assigned to the modem each time the modem connects to the network. Dynamic IPaddressing poses several disadvantages with messaging services. These difficulties are overcome withStatic IP addressing which is used by the Expedite Wireless IP Modem. Register S110 is reserved forspecifying the IP address for the NRM. The optional ‘port extension’ is the TCP/UDP port number used tofurther identify the Host application for the connection-oriented service.5The IP address must be specified before the modem can register with the network. Please contact yournetwork provider to receive your IP address. This number is assigned to the modem and must remainunique; you cannot load the same IP address into more than one modem and have them work. The IPaddress cannot be ported or transferred to another modem without alerting your issuing carrier of thechange and the associated Electronic Identifier (EID) numbers of the modems.Once registered on the Network, the EID and IP must remain in the same modem until the Network is toldto “Trust enable” the modem or “Reset Authentication Parameters” for the modem. During initialregistration of the modem, first time registration, the typical process has the Network accepting themodem’s EID without checking it and henceforth using that value along with the IP and authenticationkeys. This will remain in effect until the Network administrator is instructed to change the IP, EID or resetthe credentials.Format:ATS110? IP Address and PortATS110=<Address>/<port> To set the IP addressWhere: <address> = IP address: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx<port> = TCP/UDP port number [1 - 65535]Example command ATS110=207.107.0.35/2014IP address is 207.107.0.35Port number is 2014This port number is used for “listening” in UDP-Data mode.Validity:The IP address can only be changed in Program mode.Other Considerations:An IP address consists of 4 numbers, 0 to 255, separated by dots (periods). For IP addresses thatcontain zero as one of the numbers, you must enter the zero as part of the IP address as shown in theexample above. An IP address must have four numbers to be valid. Numbers must be limited to 0 to 255in value. Check with your carrier before making any changes to your IP address setting. 5 This address/port combination is used when the NRM opens the TCP port for listening.

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 54AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsRelated Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 55AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsService ID PreferenceDescription:In addition to being able to set the side preference, and specifying the cellular channel side used by themodem, the user can also specify the preferred carrier that the connection should be made with. Parts ofthe information broadcast by the network may include three pieces of information used to identify thecarrier. These identifiers are the Service Provider Identifier (SPI) the Service Provider Network Identifier(SPNI) and the Wide Area Service Identifier (WASI).All of these parameters do not need to be sent by the carrier. Each carrier configures their network to usesome or all of these to identify themselves in the various regions of the country where they operate. Somesettings are specific to each region while others are fixed for the entire country. Please contact yourcarrier before setting these values.The Service ID Preference settings work in conjunction with register S116. Unless register S116 is setproperly, the values of register 111 may not have the desired effect.Format:ATS111? Query Service ID PreferencesATS111=<SPI>/<SPNI>/<WASI> Set Service ID PreferencesAcceptable range of values 0 to 65535Don’t care value setting 0Example ATS111=0/1206/12300SPI = Don’t careSPNI = 1206WASI = 12300Validity:Other Considerations:For version 1.0 networks (in the process of being phased out) the Service Provider Identifier should be setto 0 if service provider ID preferences are used.Related Topics:

$NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 56AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsChannel Scan ModeDescription:The Expedite Wireless IP Modem modems can be programmed to scan for available CDPD channels inthree different manners. Each manner has different operating characteristics and is targeted for specificapplications.Channel scan mode 0 has the NRM performing an initial scan of all cellular channels associated with theselected side preference (see AT\N). Service is initially obtained on the CDPD channel with the highestRSSI. This mode was the first mode developed and was the default mode until mode 2 was developed.New issue modems default to mode 2 operation.Channel scan mode 1 has the NRM using only those cellular channels defined in the channel scan list,regardless of which side they are on. Service is initially obtained on the CDPD channel with the highestRSSI. This is useful in restricting the modem to obtaining service on only a selection of channels. Onceservice is obtained, automatic handoffs may occur sending the modem to a channel not present in thechannel list. If the modem looses the channel, it will only re-scan those channels present in the channellist.Channel scan mode 2 has the NRM using the channel list as a “Hot List” scanning those channels firstbefore scanning outside the list. If service cannot be found on a channel contained in the channel list themodem will perform a wide scan in an effort to located a suitable channel. If a channel is found which isnot present in the list, it is appended to the list for future use. The modem automatically updates andmaintains the channel list.The addition of mode 2 operation also expanded the channel list from 16 to 32 entries. The use of the “HotList”, offers the advantage of faster connection times since there is a good chance that the channel list willcontain an active channel. Because the modem maintains this list itself, there is no need for the operatorto initialize the modem channel list, the modem will do this itself. When the modem has filled the 32location list the software will overwrite the oldest entry in the list and continue rewriting old values with newones.Format:ATS112? To determine the current channel scan modeATS112=0 Any channelATS112=1 Hot List OnlyATS112=2 HybridValidity:The channel scan mode can only be altered in Program mode.Other Considerations:To optimize performance for mobile applications which use many channels and may roam from city to city,it may be advantageous to clear the channel scan list when entering a new area. This would eliminatechannels that are not active in one city from affecting the operation of the modem. Doing this will result ina longer time for primary initialization of the modem as it refills the channel list.$

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 57AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsRelated Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 58AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsChannel ListDescription:Register S113 is used to contain the channel list. This is the list of cellular channels on which the NRMmay use to search for CDPD service, depending on the setting of S112. Up to 32 channel numbers maybe entered. If no channel numbers are entered, the NRM will scan the entire CDPD channel setassociated with the side preference.Format:ATS113? Channel List queryATS113=<chan1>,<chan2>,etc. Set channel listWhere: <chan1-32> = All valid CDPD channels [1-799, 991-1023]To zero the channel list ATS113=No value is enteredValidity:The channel scan list can only be altered in Program mode.Other Considerations:A channel number of zero is not valid.Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 59AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsService ID PreferenceDescription:Register S116 is reserved for the service ID preference mode.Format:ATS116? Query Service ID preferenceATS116=0 To only use S111 service ID ATS116=1 To prefer S111 service ID ATS116=2 To not use S111 service ID ATS116=3 To use any service IDDefault setting 3, use any serviceValidity:This command is valid in Program mode only.Other Considerations:Contact your carrier before altering this register value.Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 60AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsCDPD Operating VersionDescription:The CDPD specification has gone through two revisions; the first established version 1.0 networks usingdedicated channels. The second version introduced channel hopping and maintained dedicated channels.Format:ATS117? CDPD Operating VersionATS117=10 To set it for Version 1.0ATS117=11 To set it for Version 1.1Validity:This command is valid in Program mode only.Other Considerations:Version 1.0 systems are quickly being replaced with version 1.1 systems. Please check with your localcarrier before altering this value.Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 61AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsWireline CompatibilityDescription:In order to accommodate certain host computer systems and their expected responses from the ExpediteWireless IP Modem, a register is provided which enables the trailing line feed character to be stripped off.The default setting for the modem is to send the line feed, which is contrary to what some wire-linemodems do. Standard modems operate in the same manner as the NRM. When set to suppress the linefeed character, the modem will send no leading line feed on terse responses and only one response for anATD command entry.Format:ATS210? Query Wireline Compatibility settingATS210=0 To enable the line feed characterATS210=1 To suppress the line feed characterValidity:This command is valid in Program mode only.Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 62AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsSet DTR ControlDescription:For applications or situations where hardware control of the modem is not possible, DTR control can beover-ridden and the host can avoid the necessity of adding extra control lines. Negating DTR controlposes a problem for exiting a data mode as the normal manner is to de-assert DTR to exit. To exit a datamode while DTR control is off, the escape sequence can be used.Format:ATS211? Query DTR control settingATS211=0 To set DTR control ONATS211=1 To set DTR control OFFATS211=2 Always assert DSRATS211=4 Dropping DTR gracefully powers off modemATS211=8 DSR Control asserted after registration0: Default behavior (not 4)1: Ignore DTR2: Always assert DSR4: Asserting DTR does nothing. Dropping DTR gracefully powers off modem.8: Delay assertion of DSR (when entering data modes) until modem has registered.Validity:This command is valid in Program mode only.Other Considerations:As stated above, when DTR control is over-ridden, the only way to exit from a data mode is with theescape sequence. When using TCP auto answer, once a session tear down command is received fromthe remote host, the modem will revert to AT Command mode. This transition from data mode to ATCommand mode was initiated remotely, not locally.Related Topics:DTR Mode Setting, DSR Mode control

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 63AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsDTR Mode SettingDescription:The DTR control can be used to power off the modem in situations where it is desired. This setting issimilar to that of setting register S211 to 4. That is, when DTR is de-asserted, the modem will terminateany current data mode session, perform a system de-registration and power itself off. This setting canalso configure the unit to ignore DTR, or identical to setting S211 to 1.Format:AT&D? Queries DTR mode settingAT&D0 ignore DTR transitions ( S211 = 1 )AT&D1 normal operation (default)AT&D2 de-asserted DTR powers modem off ( S211 = 4 )Validity:Other Considerations:Related Topics:DTR Control

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 64AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsDSR Control SettingDescription:This setting provides more complete control of the DSR configuration. The DTR mode and control settingsprovide inferred control of the DSR pin, but this control register allows more specific control of the DSRconfiguration.Format:AT&S? To query the current DSR control settingAT&S 0 No control of DSR. It is asserted all of the timeAT&S1 Control of DSR is enabled after modem registration.AT&S2 Normal operation of DSR. Asserted when data mode.Validity:This register is available only in AT Command mode.Other Considerations:This register may perform corresponding configuration of the S211 register to reflect any changeshere. As an example, if the current S211 is 2 and this register is set to 1, the S211 will be returned to avalue of 8.Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 65AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsTCP TimerDescription:When using TCP, a session is initiated by one party calling and the other party accepting or declining thesession request. Once a session is established, the two parties listen only to one another (unless multiplesessions are permitted). After a session is completed and both parties want to disengage, a session teardown message is sent from one to the other. Both parties tear down the stack and are then available toset up another session with someone else. In the event that a tear down message is not received by amodem, an idle timer is available which will tear down the session after a predetermined interval ofinactivity by either party. The values setting for this timer is specified in the TCP Timer register, TCPT.Format:ATTCPT? Query TCP Timer settingATTCPT=value [ 0 to 255 minutes] To set the timer value (minutes)ATTCPT=0 To disable the timerValidity:Other Considerations:A setting of 0 indicates the timer is not used. The minimum setting is 1 minute. It should be noted thatwhen using a sleep mode modem, care should be taken in the selection of an appropriate value, as sleepintervals may create a longer interval of inactivity.Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 66AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsIdentity RegistersDescription:The identity registers are used to identify the modem to the host. These read only registers present thefollowing information:The modems Electronic Identifier Number (EID)The Software Version, creation date and timeThe copyright headerThe modem manufacturerThe model and hardware revision numberFormat:ATI0 To determine the EIDATI1 To determine sw version & copyright informationATI2 To determine the manufacturerATI3 To determine the hardware versionValidity:This command is valid in AT Command and Program modes.Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 67AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsQuery Network Connection StatusDescription:The command to determine the current network connection status is used to determine is it is acceptablefor the host to go into a data mode and reliably exchange data over the CDPD network. The statusmessage returned is encoded using a string of five letters. Each letter position indicates the current statusof a particular condition or phase in the modems operation.A or I RSSI, received signalstrength intensity,A = >-100 dBmI = <-100 dBm. “A” indicates a signal strength in excess of –100 dBm while an “I”indicates a signal strength below –100 dBm. It is generally found thatmodem operation is most reliable when the signal strength is above –100 dBm.B or J Current forwardchannel error rateB = < 3%J = > 3%The second letter is used to indicate the current error rate on theforward channel (modem receiver). The letter “B” indicates an error ratelower than 3%, which is considered acceptable in most applicationssince it can be easily corrected within the Reed Solomon codingscheme. The letter “J” is used to indicate an error rate above 3%.Errors above 3% can cause delays in data reception and may requireretransmission of data between the modem and the base station.C or K Found CDPD ServiceC = Service foundK = No Service yetThe third letter is used to indicate that the modem has found a cellularchannel with CDPD service. The modem indicates the existence of theavailable channel using a “C”. Until a channel is found the modem willissue a “K” in the third letter position. Should the modem not establish aconnection it will hunt for another channel, putting out a “K” until a newchannel is found.D or L Registration indicatorD = RegisteredL = Not RegisteredThe fourth letter is the registration indicator. A “D” indicates that themodem has successfully acquired a channel and registered with thenetwork. Data modes can then be used. An “L” in this position indicatesthat the modem has not yet registered.E or M Scan ModeE = Set on ChannelM = ScanningThe fifth and final letter is used to indicate when the modem is scanningand when the modem is fixed on a channel. An “E” indicates that themodem is fixed on a channel while an “M” indicates the modem issearching for channels. As defined within the CDPD specification themodem will periodically scan other channels trying to find a strongersignal or one that is not as heavily used.Format:ATS57? To determine current network statusValidity:This command is valid in AT Command mode only.Other Considerations:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 68AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsBecause the modem is disconnected from the network in Program mode, this command will return anERROR code if used in program mode.Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 69AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsRegistration ProcessBackgroundRegistration involves 4 message exchanges, all of which have to be successful:M-ES MD-ISTEI REQ -><- TEI ASSIGN (MDLP TEI assignment)SABME -><- UA (MDLP link reset)<- IKEEKE -> (SNDCP key exchange)ESH -><- ISC (MNRP registration)This is the system's response to a registration request, and is basically an accept or deny (refer to Table507-6 in the CDPD specification for all possible responses). The modem will simply pass the information("insufficient credentials" in this case) along to the user.Different MD-IS manufacturers may treat the same condition differently, and may return differentresponses in their ISC's. The CDPD specification provides a substantial amount of guidance but someaspects are left to the discretion of the implementor.

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 70AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsLast network registration error codeDescription:Should the modem fail to register within a sizable window of opportunity, typical times vary from 3 to 5seconds for a “Hot List” match to 30 seconds for a “Wide Scan” match, it may have encountered anetwork registration error. To determine if this is the case, the network registration error register can beread to see if there is a non-zero value. If the value is zero, then the modem has yet to attempt to registeron a valid channel as it has yet to find a channel or form a link to the network.For non-zero values consult the table below.Response Meaning1 No particular reason given2 MD-IS not capable of handling the M-ES at this time3 NEI is not authorized to use this subnetwork4 M-ES gave insufficient authentication credentials5 M-ES gave unsupported authentication credentials6 NEI has exceeded usage limitations7 Service denied on this subnetwork; service may be obtained on alternate ServiceProvider network8-255 ReservedFor further assistance if a non-zero value is present, please contact your carrier and provide them with thisinformation.Format:ATS200? To determine last registration errorValidity:Valid for AT Command mode only.Other Considerations:Most Network Registration problems are due to a mismatch of the authentication credentials. Thesevalues are stored in both the modem and the Network MDIS Information database. If these values get outof sync, registration may not be possible. Problems can be experienced when trying to register on analternate carrier through an “interop” agreement link. Because the modems use the internet forcommunications, information may be slow in arriving at the intended destination or may be lost along theway. Interop links introduce additional delays in delivering registration information that can result intemporary failure to register. This situation should typically not persist for more than 2 minutes.Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 71AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsAuthentication ParameterDescription:The Authentication Parameters can be set to zero using the AUTH command. This command is onlyused if the network equipment requires the modem to start service using a zero key value. If thiscommand is entered after the modem has successfully registered on the network, the authenticationparameters will not match the value stored on the network and the modem will not be able to re-registerwith the network.Format:ATAUTH To reset authentication keys to zeroValidity:This command id valid for AT Command mode only.Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 72AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsQuery Current RSSI ValueDescription:To determine the current Receive Signal Strength Intensity, RSSI, value for the current channel beingscanned, register S202 can be read. The RSSI value is presented as the relative signal strength abovethe modem noise floor. The absolute value is determined by adding the relative value from register S202to the noise floor value of –115 dBm.It is important to remember that the modem can be scanning while this inquiry is made, thus the valueread back may not be valid for the channel that is later retrieved from the current channel register.Format:ATS202? To determine the current RSSI valueValidity:This command id valid for AT Command mode only.Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 73AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsQuery Current Block Error Rate (BLER)Description:The modem maintains statistics on its performance and operation. One of the parameters measured andmaintained is the block error rate. This measurement is derived by examining the Reed Solomonalgorithm, that part of the modem’s software that can detect and correct errors in the data stream. Dataerrors that cannot be corrected result in a re-transmission of the bad segment while errors that can becorrected do not result in data re-transmissions. The modem measures the errors and, based upon anerror rate threshold, then uses this measurement to decide when to change channels. The block errorrate can rise to 3% before the effect becomes noticeable by the user. The block error rate is updatedapproximately every second or two when the modem is connected to the network.Format:ATS203? To determine the current Block Error RateThe response will be in the form of a percentage [ 0 to 100%]Validity:This command is valid for AT Command mode. For use in data modes, the MSCI protocol is preferred.Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 74AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsCurrent RF Channel in useDescription:To determine the current channel that the modem is currently locked to, the contents of register S204 canbe read. This value represents the cellular channel number and does not, by itself, indicate that this is aCDPD channel, a voice channel or even if there is any RF signal being received. Because the modemperiodically scans for better channels trying to improve service, the channel number returned may not be avalid CDPD channel. The modem will eventually scan all channels on the desired side or sides, eventhose which are not CDPD enabled. This results in the channel value being returned by the modem mayhave been one which was being scanned when the command was accepted by the modem. This meansthat the user must take care in interpreting the channel number as being a CDPD channel as it may notbe.Format:ATS204? To determine the current channel Validity:This command is valid in AT Command mode only.Other Considerations:Frequency and Channel AssignmentsMobile Transmit Base Transmit Channel Use Band824.04 – 825.00 869.04 - 870.00 991 - 1023 Voice A825.03 – 834.36 870.03 - 879.36 1 - 312 Voice A834.39 – 834.99 879.39 - 879.99 313 - 334 Control A835.02 – 835.62 880.02 - 880.62 335 - 356 Control B835.65 – 844.98 880.65 - 889.98 357 - 666 Voice B845.01 – 846.48 890.01 - 891.48 667 - 716 Voice A846.51 – 848.97 891.51 - 893.97 717 - 799 Voice BRelated Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 75AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsCell Site ID in UseDescription:The CDPD Network is composed of a multitude of cellular towers transmitting their signals over a portionof the total coverage area. By reusing frequencies, a greater density of coverage can be maintained andmore calls supported. To make each tower identifiable to remote terminals (modems), an identifying IDnumber is sent in the forward data stream. This number, [0 to 65535] is useful in reporting problems tothe cellular carrier when the cellular signal is in question.Format:ATS205? To determine the current Cellular IDValidity:This command is valid in AT Command mode only.Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 76AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsArea Color Code in UseDescription:The CDPD Network is composed of a multitude of cellular towers transmitting their signals over a portionof the total coverage area. By reusing frequencies, a greater density of coverage can be maintained andmore calls supported. To distinguish the same channel frequency used on two towers, carriers assigneach one a different color code. The color code is a number from zero to seven. This information assiststhe network in routing the information being sent to the modem through the right cell site tower.Format:ATS206? To determine the current color codeValidity:Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 77AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsPower Level QueryDescription:The Power Level query will return the current transmit power level being used by the modem on thecurrent CDPD system. This power level is a product of the proposed power level and received signalstrength values at the modem.Format:ATS207? To determine the current power levelValidity:Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 78AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsSymbol Error Rate QueryDescription:A percentage rate of symbol errors encountered by the modem on the Forward channel is provided toassist in identifying sub-optimal signal conditions. The value returned is a percentage representing thenumber of symbol errors per 100.Format:ATS208? To query the current Symbol Error Rate.Validity:Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 79AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsPower ProductDescription:The Power Product is a CDPD system parameter that ultimately determines the power level used by themodem for transmissions. This value is transmitted by the CDPD system and can reported in this register.Format:ATS209? To query the current power product Validity:This register is read-only.Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 80AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsAuthentication Failures QueryDescription:The number of authentication failures is available here in a register. The concept is to track the number oftimes that the authentication credentials were invalid since the last known point as a means of identifyingany unusual behavior of the modem firmware, or failures in the EE device. There are set and querycommands that can be used to “reset” the count back to zero at the factory if problems have beenencountered.Format:ATAF? Query the authentication failures.ATAF=0 To reset the register to zeros.Validity:Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 81AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsDial (Connection Setup)Description:In wire-line modems a connection s made when the modem is instructed to dial a telephone number forthe desired computer service. This dial command ATD provides the user with the means of using eithertone dialing, ATDT, or pulse dialing, ATDP. For wireless Internet modems using CDPD technology, theATD command is used to initiate a session with a remote Internet server using either TCP/IP or UDP.Instead of a phone number, an IP address is used instead. It is here that the use of the Internet makesCDPD easy to use as there are no area codes, no country codes, no need to access an outside line. AllIP addresses currently use a fixed length series of four numbers separated by dots.The Dial Connection Setup command causes the NRM to establish a connection with the host at thespecified IP address/port. For any fields that are left blank, values are taken from those stored in thedefault destination register. The NRM will not process this command if the DTR line is not asserted (i.e.an ERROR response is issued). It is recommended that the host application make sure the modem isconnected to the network before issuing a Dial command.Format:ATDT<IPaddress>/<port#> To initiate a TCP SessionATDP<IPaddress>/<port#> To initiate a UDP ConnectionATDN<Ipaddress> To initiate a Telnet Session. Port 23 is assumed.ATD To use the Default RegisterIPaddress format XXX.XXX.XXX.XXXwhere XXX is a number [0 to 255]port# format XXXXXwhere XXXXX is a number [0 to 65535]ExamplesTCP Connect ATDT166.1.109.3 (no port given, 0 assumed)IP = 166.1.109.3Port = 0UDP Connect ATDP166.1.109.3/55000 (Port number specified)IP = 166.1.109.3Port = 55000Default Connection ADT (S53=P166.1.109.3/55000)Same effect as aboveValidity:This command is valid for AT Command mode only.

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 82AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsOther Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 83AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsADC MonitoringDescription:It is anticipated that many of the users of the Expedite Wireless IP Modem will wish to do so in a mobileenvironment, and thus one where the supply voltage may not be constant. To that end, a power conditioncontrol system has been provided.A block diagram of the battery/power condition system is shown below. It contains:a. A method of voltage measurement on the modem. This is represented by the AN_IN input, which isrouted on the board to the input of ADC channel 1.b. A method of reading the voltage measurement from the modem. This is effectively the reading of theADC channel 1.c. A method of identifying when the measurement crosses a threshold. The ability to read the voltage ismatched with the entry in the EE device representing a warning ADC value. If the voltage read fromthe ADC is lower than this EE warning value, the warning indication is asserted.d. A method of specifying the hysteresis associated with the measurements. Once the warning indicationhas been asserted, it will only be de-asserted once the ADC measurement is >= Warning +Threshold.e. A method of modem shutdown when a critical voltage measurement is reached. If the voltage readfrom the ADC is lower than the EE shutdown value, the modem will initiate a de-registration and shutoff.f. A method of enabling/disabling this monitoring feature. All of these features can be enabled/disabledwith an entry in the EE.Given that the monitoring functions have been enabled, the signals associated with these functions can beselectively enabled on any of the GPIO pins on the interface connector. Obviously, if the associatedsignals with this feature are not provided on the interface, external devices will not see any of the warningsand must simply identify when the modem has shutdown.Signal Name : Low Battery IndicationAsserted when the first threshold is reached. After assertion, it will be de-asserted only ifthe voltage measurement is >= low battery threshold + hysteresis countAN_INGPIOnGPIOnADCCPULow Battery IndicationPower Fail IndicationTx Power FailWarningShutdownHysteresisEnableEE

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 84AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsFormat:AT#ADM? Queries the current ADC monitoring mode settingAT#ADM=0 No ADC monitoringAT#ADM=1 Enable ADC monitoring modeAT#ADT? Query ADC monitoring thresholdsAT#ADT=x,y Set the thresholds for the ADC monitor.AT#ADH=x Sets the hysteresis valueAT#ADN=x,y,z Sets the hysteresis count values.AT#ADC? Queries the current AN_IN reading.AT#ADV=r Sets a calibration voltage of the ADC.For the most part, all ADC measurements will be provided in volts. The idea is that once the ADC readingshave been calibrated such that the firmware knows what ADC value represents what actual input voltage,all other ADC measurements can now be converted to voltage.The ADV command forces calibration of the ADC to the currently applied voltage to its input andassociates the parameter voltage to this ADC reading. For instance, a 4.10 volt reference voltage could beapplied to the AN_IN pin and then the following command “AT#ADV=4.10” would be sent in programmode. Upon receipt of this command, the raw ADC reading would be sampled and averaged for 10readings and the result saved and associated with the voltage of 4.10 volts. All other ADC functions cannow use voltage values based on this calibrated point and a mathematical relationship.In the case of the thresholds, the values entered will represent the ADC voltage at which the Low BatteryIndication(x) and the modem shutdown(y) will occur, respectively. The hysteresis value entered is arepresentation of how much the voltage reading must rise once the Low Battery Indication has been givenbefore the Low Battery Indication will be de-asserted. The counts indicate the number of measurements(with a 1 second period) over the three transition points that must be observed before a valid transition isidentified . This ensures that minor transgressions are not identified as failures until they have beenqualified through the use of the counts. The three counts represent the additional qualification oftransitions from good->low (x), low->off (y), and low->good (z) in the command “AT#AND=x,y,z”.There will be cases where the AN_IN measurement would be useful to customers/users as an extra ADCmeasurement block, but where the power condition monitoring use of the readings are not desired. In thiscase, the configuration would be to disable the ADC monitoring mode ( AT#ADM=0 ) but still use theAT#ADC? queries to identify the voltage at the ADC directly. The host software is then free to use thisreading however they wish.Example:As an example of how this may be used, we will assume the following conditions:• the supply voltage on the board is externally connected to the AN_IN pin on the connector• an LED is connected to GPIO 2, which we want to use for Low Voltage indications.• we wish for the Low Voltage indication to trigger at 3.5V, from a regulated 4.OV regulator.• we wish to initiate a shutdown of the modem if the modem identifies a voltage of 3.3V.• we wish to de-assert any Low Voltage indication if the voltage rises to 3.6V.• we wish for 5 counts of each voltage to be observed before we accept the transition.

$NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 85AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsConfiguration:In order to use these features, we must perform some configuration of the system to reflect our desires.The order of events to configure the system is as follows:AT\APROG,NRM6812 *enter program modeAT#ADV=4.0 *assumes that the voltage input currently is 4.0 voltsAT#ADV=3.5,3.3 * configures the warning and shutdown thresholdsAT#ADH=0.10 * configures the hysteresis to be 3.6V-3.5V or 0.10VAT#ADN=5,5,5 * configures the hysteresis counts to be 5 readingsAT#ADM=1 * enables the low voltage monitorATIO2=10 * enables the Low Battery Indication signal on GPIO2.AT&W * saves all settings.This completes all configuration functions associated with the desired power monitoring system that wedefined. The system will now perform the following monitoring:If voltage is >= 3.5V, no indicationsIf voltage is 3.3V <= v <= 3.5 for 5 counts, low battery indication is given and LED lightsIf voltage rises above 3.6V for 5 counts then, low battery indication is removed and LED turns offIf voltage falls below 3.3V, unit powers off.Validity:This command is valid for AT Command mode only.Once the monitoring functions have been enabled, the shutdown functions will operate. However, thesignals associated with the warnings will only appear on the interface if the Programmable GPIO pinshave been configured to report the associated signals.Other Considerations:The voltage measurement is also available through MSCI commands.Related Topics:General Purpose IO, Program Mode, Save Profile command$

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 86AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsPing CommandDescription:The Ping command causes the modem to transmit a single ICMP packet of the specified size to theICMP/PING entity of the specified address. The data sent is a simple random pattern that the targeteddestination will return in the same format as it was sent. If the packet is returned, then the path from themodem to the destination address location is intact. If the message is not returned then the path may notbe intact or the destination address may not be able to respond. The Ping command is a very useful toolin trouble shooting problems and confirming the modems operation.Upon issuing the Ping command the modem will send the ICMP Ping message to the destination address.The modem will wait for a return message. If the destination address returns the Ping message before 20seconds has elapsed, an OK result code is emitted. If the Ping message is not returned in less than 20seconds, an ERROR result code is emitted. Additional PING commands must not be issued if a PINGcommand is already in progress, you must wait for either the OK or the ERROR response.The ping command can be used to send messages up to 128 bytes in length by adding a forward slashand a number, 1 to 128, afterwards. If no forward slash is included the Ping message will be 32 bytes inlength.Format:ATPING<XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX>/<Length> To send a ICMP Ping messageIPaddress format XXX.XXX.XXX.XXXwhere XXX is a number [0 to 255]Length value range [1 to 128]Validity:Other Considerations:In earlier versions of the modem software a BUSY result code was emitted upon transmitting the ICMPPing message. There is currently no trace route function within the modem. This function is resident inWindows 95 and can be run using PPP or SLIP and the external stack.Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 87AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsPower BoostDescription:This feature provides support for an external 3watt booster.Format:ATAC? To query the configuration ATAC=0 To turn off 3 watt booster supportATAC=1 Configuration for 3 watt booster compatible antennaValidity:Other Considerations:There is also an input signal that can be configured to provide this selection as well.Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 88AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsMessage WaitingDescription:This command turns on the Message Waiting signal if it exists.Format:ATMW? To query the state of the signalATMW=1 To turn on the Message Waiting signalATMW=0 To turn off the Message Waiting signalValidity:Obviously, this feature is only valid if there is an output pin associated with this signal.Other Considerations:Related Topics:

$NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 89AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsInternal MRU SettingDescription:This feature defines the maximum negotiated MRU size during a PPP session. In many host systems, thehost stack will configure a default MRU size from its own defaults, but this may not be the optimum sizefor the CDPD network. Further, some implementations of host TCP/IP stack do not allow the modificationof this default by the users. Therefore, in order to properly support these stacks in a wireless CDPDenvironment, the ability to dictate the negotiated MRU size to an optimum value regardless of hostconfiguration will be supported in this register.Format:AT#MRU? To query the current settingAT#MRU=xxx Set the MRU valueBy default, the MRU recommended by the CDPD system is approximately 512 bytes.To set the default MRU size to 512, you would enter the following:AT\APROG,NRM6812 - enter PROGRAM mode of operationAT#MRU=512 - set the value to 512AT&W - to save itValidity:This value is configurable in PROGRAM mode only.Other Considerations:Related Topics:$

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 90AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsTCP Suspension EnableDescription:This allows any TCP session to be suspended.Format:AT#TCPX? Query TCP suspend enableAT#TCPX=0 Disable TCP suspend featureAT#TCPX=1 Enable TCP suspend featureValidity:Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 91AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsCall Progress Result ModeDescription:Format:ATX? Query the call progress selectionATX=xx Set the call progress selectionValidity:Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 92AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsAnswerDescription:This feature represents of the normal ATA answer command. In this system, the ATA will be sent by thehost to release any pending push messages, which would have asserted the Ring Indication line of themodem interface.Format:ATA To answer a Ring IndicationValidity:Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 93AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsTelnet EchoDescription:A command to assist in Telnet terminal emulation. This command and the associated S registerdetermine how characters are echoed, either locally, remotely or with no echo.Format:ATS60? Queries echo modeATS60=0 No echoATS60=1 Local echo (default)ATS60=2 Remote echoValidity:Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 94AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsModem IdentificationDescription:This feature allows another AT command to query the Modem ID or EID value.Format:ATI Queries modem EIDORATI0 Queries modem EIDValidity:Other Considerations:Related Topics:The ATI0 command can be used for the same function.

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 95AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsFriends ModeDescription:In “Friends” mode, the modem can be configured to reject all messages received that do not originatefrom a “friendly” IP address. Up to 10 “friendly” IP addresses can be entered. Once a series of “friendly” IPaddresses or ranges have been entered, enabling “Friends” mode will block reception of data except fromIP addresses in the list. If a message arrives that is not from a “friend” and “Friends” mode has beenenabled, the message will be silently discarded.Format:ATFM=0 “Friends” mode disabledATFM=1 “Friends” mode enabledATFM? Queries the “Friends” mode settingATFn=a.b.c.d Sets entry n in “Friends” list to be IP address a.b.c.dATF? Queries all 10 entries in the “Friends” list.In the “Friends” list, entries are indexed from 0 so valid entry positions are 0-9.When defining IP addresses, 255 can be used as a wildcard.As an example, suppose that you wish to only accept messages from IP 125.125.125.128 and from any IPin the 210.180.45 subnet. This could be configured with the following commands:ATF1=125.125.125.128OKATF2=210.180.45.255OKATF?0=125.125.125.1281=210.180.45.2552=0.0.0.03=0.0.0.04=0.0.0.05=0.0.0.06=0.0.0.07=0.0.0.08=0.0.0.09=0.0.0.0OKATFM=1OKValidity:This security feature is only available in the TCP and UDP PAD modes, and the AT command mode. Thissecurity feature is NOT available when a PPP or SLIP data mode is used.The “Friends” mode feature can be configured in both AT mode or Program mode. Modifications to the“Friends” list are saved immediately, regardless of mode.

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 96AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsOther Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 97AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsStack CheckDescription:This feature allows users to query the number of unused bytes on the stack. This query is useful indiagnosing stack related problems. It is assumed that this command will not be normally used by users,but may be useful for Customer Service personnel. The value returned is a decimal representation of thenumber of unused bytes on the stack.Format:ATSC? Queries the number of bytes unused in the stack.Validity:Other Considerations:Related Topics:

NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 98AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsQuiet ModeDescription:This feature allows for Quiet mode of AT operation. In this mode, there are no responses sent to the hostfor any AT command entered.Format:ATQ? Queries the current setting of Quiet ModeATQ0 Disables Quiet Mode (normal responses)ATQ1 Enables Quiet ModeValidity:The “Quiet” mode setting can be set in either AT or Program mode. However, if set in AT mode, thesetting is temporary and will be reset at the next power cycle.Other Considerations:Related Topics:Echo and Verbose Mode of AT Responses.

$NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 99AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsRegistration ModeDescription:This feature allows control of whether or not the modem will attempt to register upon initialization and tocontrol when it will attempt registration at other times.When registration mode is set to automatic, the modem will begin attempting to become registered on theCDPD network as soon as it is initialized. When registration mode is manual, the modem will wait untilcommanded to register before making such attempts. The modem can be commanded to register directlyby executing the ATO command, or by entering one of PPP or SLIP data modes (AT\APPP or AT\ASLIPrespectively). The modem can be commanded to deregister if registered and to cease attempting toregister by executing the ATH3 command. It can also be commanded to deregister and cease attempts toregister by exiting PPP or SLIP mode IF it was not trying to register prior to entering that mode. That is, ifit started to register because it entered the data mode, it will stop trying to register when it leaves thatmode.Format:ATREGMD? Queries the current setting of Registration ModeATREGMD=0 Sets automatic registration modeATREGMD=1 Sets manual registration modeATREGST? Queries current registrations status:0 = not currently attempting to register, 1 = currentlyregistered, or attempting to registerATO Begin attempting to register if not already doing soATH3 Deregister if registered and cease further attempts toregister.Validity:ATREGMD can only be changed in program mode and only has effect at modem initialization time. Theother commands are only effective in AT mode.Other Considerations:Related Topics:$

$NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 100AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsFixed ParametersThe following behaviors are fixed for the NRM.BEHAVIOR SETTING EquivalentAT commandOnline Mode Echo Disabled ATF0Extended ResultCodes Enable all ATX2Transmit Control Automatic timed AT\T1Subscriber Identity NRM supports only one NEI. AT\S0$

$NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 101AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsUnsupported CommandsThe following commands (listed in CDPD Part 2014) are not supported by the NRM. If these commands,or any other AT command not described above, are received, the NRM will return an ERROR response.ATF Online Mode EchoAT\F Set Data Forwarding OperationAT\M Manual Transmit ControlAT\R Network Registration Control6AT\S Set Subscriber IdentityAT\T Automatic Transmit ControlAT&C DCD modeUnsupported FunctionsThe following functions (listed in CDPD Part 2014) are not supported by the NRM. The commands aresupported such that if they are received during operation, an OK response will be returned but theyperform no real functions. These commands are primarily supported to ensure backward compatibility withpreviously released AT Command sets of our product.ATS102 Pending Data DispositionATS114 Set Channel Quality Override ModeATS115 Set Channel Quality Override Parameters 6 The NRM automatically registers with the CDPD network upon power on/reset.$

$NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 102AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsAppendix A: AT Command Set Quick ReferenceATS250? Query Wake Up Protocol State 15ATS250=1 Enable Push Technology 15ATS250=0 Disable Push Technology 15ATS251? Query Number of Pending Messages 15ATS252? Query First Push Message 15ATS253? Query Type of First Push Message 15ATS254=1 Discard Current Message 15AT\ASLIP The command to enter SLIP mode 16AT\APPP The command to enter PPP Mode 17AT#ZZ? Sleep status query command 21AT#ZZ=0 Disable sleep feature 21AT#ZZ=1 Enable Long cycle sleep 21AT#ZZ=2 Enable short cycle sleep 21AT#NSZZ Out-of-service Sleep status query command 22AT#NSZZ=0 Disable out-of-service sleep feature 22AT#NSZZ=1 Enable out-of-service sleep feature 22AT#NSZZTM=p,b,c,n Configure out-of-service sleep feature 22ATMD0 For AT Command mode at power-up 25ATMD1 For SLIP Data mode at power-up 25ATMD2 For PPP Data mode at power-up 25ATMD3 For UDP Data mode at power-up 25ATMD83 UDP with no IP address verify on incoming packets 25ATI3 Query Hardware configuration 26AT#NH=number Set Hardware configuration 26AT#NH? Query Hardware configuration 26AT\APROG,NRM6812 Enter program mode 28AT&W Save changes and exit program mode 28ATZ Exit without saving changes 28ATE0 Disable Local Echo 29ATE1 Enable Local echo 29ATV0 To enable the response to be in the numeric format 30ATV1 To enable the response to be in plain text 30ATIO1? To query the current setting of GPIO1 31ATIO1=<code> To set the operating function of GPIO1 31ATIO2? To query the current setting of GPIO2 31ATIO2=<code> To set the operating function of GPIO2 31ATIO3? To query the current setting of GPIO3 31ATIO3=<code> To set the operating function of GPIO3 31ATIO4? To query the current setting of GPIO4 31ATIO4=<code> To set the operating function of GPIO4 31ATIO5? To query the current setting of GPIO5 31ATIO5=<code> To set the operating function of GPIO5 31ATIO6? To query the current setting of GPIO6 31ATIO6=<code> To set the operating function of GPIO6 31ATZ To perform a modem soft reset 33AT\N? To determine current setting use 34AT\N1 To set the unit to A side only 34AT\N2 To set the unit to B side only 34AT\N3 To set the unit to A side Preferred 34AT\N4 To set the unit to B side Preferred 34AT\P=oldpwd,newpwd,newpwd To change the password the command 35+++<password> Escape Sequence 36AT\Q? Query current flow control setting 37AT\Q0 Set flow control off (Default) 37AT\Q2 Set Flow control on (Hardware) 37ATH0 Terminate session & return to AT Command mode 38ATH1 Terminate session & return to AT Command mode 38ATH2 Terminate session & return to AT Command mode 38ATH3 Terminate session, de-register, and return to AT Command mode 38ATH4 Terminate session, de-register and shutdown 38AT&F Restore factory defaults 39ATS23? To determine the current line setting 40$

$NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 104AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsATI3 To determine the hardware version 66ATS57? To determine current network status 67ATS200? To determine last registration error 70ATAUTH To reset authentication keys to zero 71ATS202? To determine the current RSSI value 72ATS203? To determine the current Block Error Rate 73ATS204? To determine the current channel 74ATS205? To determine the current Cellular ID 75ATS206? To determine the current color code 76ATS207? To determine the current power level 77ATS208? To query the current Symbol Error Rate. 78ATS209? To query the current power product 79ATAF? Query the authentication failures. 80ATAF=0 To reset the register to zeros. 80ATDT<IPaddress>/<port#> To initiate a TCP Session 81ATDP<IPaddress>/<port#> To initiate a UDP Connection 81ATDN<Ipaddress> To initiate a Telnet Session. Port 23 is assumed. 81ATD To use the Default Register 81AT#ADM? Queries the current ADC monitoring mode setting 84AT#ADM=0 No ADC monitoring 84AT#ADM=1 Enable ADC monitoring mode 84AT#ADT? Query ADC monitoring thresholds 84AT#ADT=x,y Set the thresholds for the ADC monitor. 84AT#ADH=x Sets the hysteresis value 84AT#ADN=x,y,z Sets the hysteresis count values. 84AT#ADC? Queries the current AN_IN reading. 84AT#ADV=r Sets a calibration voltage of the ADC. 84ATPING<XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX>/<Length> To send a ICMP Ping message 86ATAC? To query the configuration 87ATAC=0 To turn off 3 watt booster support 87ATAC=1 Configuration for 3 watt booster compatible antenna 87ATMW? To query the state of the signal 88ATMW=1 To turn on the Message Waiting signal 88ATMW=0 To turn off the Message Waiting signal 88AT#MRU? To query the current setting 89AT#MRU=xxx Set the MRU value 89AT#TCPX? Query TCP suspend enable 90AT#TCPX=0 Disable TCP suspend feature 90AT#TCPX=1 Enable TCP suspend feature 90ATX? Query the call progress selection 91ATX=xx Set the call progress selection 91ATA To answer a Ring Indication 92ATS60? Queries echo mode 93ATS60=0 No echo 93ATS60=1 Local echo (default) 93ATS60=2 Remote echo 93ATI Queries modem EID 94ATI0 Queries modem EID 94ATFM=0 “Friends” mode disabled 95ATFM=1 “Friends” mode enabled 95ATFM? Queries the “Friends” mode setting 95ATFn=a.b.c.d Sets entry n in “Friends” list to be IP address a.b.c.d 95ATF? Queries all 10 entries in the “Friends” list. 95ATSC? Queries the number of bytes unused in the stack. 97ATQ? Queries the current setting of Quiet Mode 98ATQ0 Disables Quiet Mode (normal responses) 98ATQ1 Enables Quiet Mode 98ATREGMD? Queries the current setting of Registration Mode 99ATREGMD=0 Sets automatic registration mode 99ATREGMD=1 Sets manual registration mode 99ATREGST? Queries current registrations status: 99ATO Begin attempting to register if not already doing so 99ATH3 Deregister if registered and cease further attempts to register. 99ATF Online Mode Echo 101AT\F Set Data Forwarding Operation 101AT\M Manual Transmit Control 101$

$NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 105AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsAT\R Network Registration Control 101AT\S Set Subscriber Identity 101AT\T Automatic Transmit Control 101AT&C DCD mode 101ATS102 Pending Data Disposition 101ATS114 Set Channel Quality Override Mode 101ATS115 Set Channel Quality Override Parameters 101$

$NOVATEL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 106AT Command Specification-Expedite and MerlinWireless IP ModemsIndex of AT Commands+++.......................................................................... 36AT#ADC................................................................. 84AT#ADH................................................................. 84AT#ADM................................................................ 84AT#ADN................................................................. 84AT#ADT................................................................. 84AT#ADV................................................................. 84AT#MRU................................................................ 89AT#NH ................................................................... 26AT#NSZZ ............................................................... 22AT#NSZZTM ......................................................... 22AT#TCPX............................................................... 90AT#X ...................................................................... 45AT#ZZ .................................................................... 21AT&C ................................................................... 100AT&D ..................................................................... 63AT&F...................................................................... 39AT&L...................................................................... 40AT&S...................................................................... 64AT&V ..................................................................... 42AT&W .............................................................. 28, 43ATA ........................................................................ 92ATAC...................................................................... 87ATAF...................................................................... 80AT\APPP ................................................................ 17AT\APROG............................................................. 28AT\ASLIP ............................................................... 16ATAUTH................................................................ 71ATD ........................................................................ 81ATDN ..................................................................... 81ATDP...................................................................... 81ATDT...................................................................... 81ATE......................................................................... 29AT\F...................................................................... 100ATF................................................................. 95, 100ATFM ..................................................................... 95ATH ........................................................................ 38ATH3 ...................................................................... 98ATI.............................................................. 26, 66, 94ATIO....................................................................... 31AT\M .................................................................... 100ATMD..................................................................... 25ATMW.................................................................... 88AT\N ....................................................................... 34ATO ........................................................................ 98AT\P........................................................................ 35ATPING.................................................................. 86AT\Q ....................................................................... 37ATQ ........................................................................ 97AT\R ..................................................................... 100ATREGMD............................................................. 98ATREGST .............................................................. 98AT\S...................................................................... 100ATS0....................................................................... 46ATS102................................................................. 100ATS103................................................................... 51ATS110................................................................... 53ATS111................................................................... 55ATS112................................................................... 56ATS113................................................................... 58ATS114................................................................. 100ATS115................................................................. 100ATS116................................................................... 59ATS117................................................................... 60ATS200................................................................... 70ATS202................................................................... 72ATS203................................................................... 73ATS204................................................................... 74ATS205................................................................... 75ATS206................................................................... 76ATS207................................................................... 77ATS208................................................................... 78ATS209................................................................... 79ATS210................................................................... 61ATS211................................................................... 62ATS23..................................................................... 40ATS250................................................................... 15ATS251................................................................... 15ATS252................................................................... 15ATS253................................................................... 15ATS254................................................................... 15ATS50..................................................................... 48ATS51..................................................................... 49ATS53..................................................................... 44ATS57..................................................................... 67ATS60..................................................................... 93ATS7....................................................................... 47ATS82..................................................................... 50ATS83..................................................................... 50ATSC ...................................................................... 96AT\T...................................................................... 100ATTCPT ................................................................. 65ATV ........................................................................ 30ATX ........................................................................ 91ATZ................................................................... 28, 33$

Novatel Wireless NRM-3800 CDPD Data Transceiver User Manual Vespa AT Command Set Reference Guide 0 1

Novatel Wireless, Inc. CDPD Data Transceiver Vespa AT Command Set Reference Guide 0 1

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