Nortel Networks CTR2807NT 28GHz Customer Premise LMDS Transceiver User Manual

Nortel Networks Inc. 28GHz Customer Premise LMDS Transceiver

Contents

as distributed to customers

ReunionCTR 28 GHzSub-Bands 28-01P1, 28-01P2 and 28-07POutdoor Microwave TransceiverInstallation GuideRelease 1.2 March 1999411- 1333 -203
ReunionCTR 2800Outdoor Microwave TransceiverInstallation GuideDocument number: 411- 1333 - 203.01.02Product release: Release 1.2Document version: Preliminary Date: March 1999Copyright Country of printing Confidentiality Legal statements Trademarks 1999 Northern TelecomNorthern Telecom Ltd., all rights reservedPrinted in CanadaNORTHERN TELECOM CONFIDENTIAL: The information contained in this document is the property of Northern Telecom. Except as specifically authorized in writing by Northern Telecom, the holder of this document shall keep the information contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use same for evaluation, operation, and maintenance purposes only.Information is subject to change without notice.
vReunion CTR 28 GHz Installation GuidePublication historySeptember 1998• Draft release of the document• Subject to change without noticeMarch 1999• Preliminary release of the document• Subject to change without notice
vi 411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999
viiReunion CTR 28 GHz Installation GuideAbout this guidePurposeThis guide provides the information required to install and operate the CTR 28 GHz outdoor microwave transceiver.The CTR 28 GHz is one of the Radio Frequency (RF) products that constitute a Nortel Reunion product line. The associated products include the following types of cell site equipment: • broadband transmitters • broadband receivers• broadband repeaters• broadband transceiversAudienceThe audience for this document are those who install and operate the CTR 28 GHz. To take full advantage of this guide, you should have a basic understanding of microwave fundamentals and know how to use microwave test equipment.
viii 411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 OrganizationThis Guide is divided into seven sections:•Product Overview describes the CTR 2800’s components and theory of operation.•Pre-Instalation describes the basics of handling the equipment upon arrival.•Reunion Safety Standards provide a quick review of general safety guidelines.•Installing the CTR 2800 explains how to physically install the transceiver.•CTR 2800 Maintenance describes basic maintenance procedures to ensure that the transceiver is operating correctly.•CTR 2800 Diagnostic Reference Chart provides a quick troubleshooting guide.•Grounding and Surge Protection explains basic grounding and lightening protection requirements and methods for the Reunion equipment.•List of terms provides a quick reference to terms and acronyms found in the guide.
ixReunion CTR 28 GHz Installation GuideDocumentation SuiteThis Reunion Release has a suite of fifteen documents:Reunion System Overview, 411- 1343 - 010Reunion Network Node Equipment Installation Guide, 411- 1313 - 200Reunion NIU 6054 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1323 - 201Reunion NIU 6154 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1323 - 202Reunion NIU 5008 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1323 - 203Reunion BTR 28 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1333 - 202Reunion CTR 28 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1333 - 203Reunion BTR 38 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1333 - 204Reunion CTR 38 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1333 - 205Reunion Redundancy Switching Matrix Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1313 - 201Reunion Procedures Reference Manual, 411-1343-400DSS for the NNE User Guide, 411-1343-501Reunion DSS 1000 for the NIU 6054 User Guide, 411-1343-502Reunion DSS 1000 for the NIU 6154 User Guide, 411-1343-503Reunion DSS 1000 for the NIU 5008 User Guide, 411-1343-504
x 411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 Customer SupportIn addition, Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) provides 24-hour customer service and technical support to ensure your service operation is trouble-free. If you have questions or need technical support, contact Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access at the following telephone numbers:• In the USA and Canada, call 972-BWA-ETAS/972-292-3827• Fax (204) 631-2475Write Nortel Networks at:• Nortel NetworksBroadband Wireless Access14 Fultz Blvd.Winnipeg, Manitoba R3Y 1V3Canada
xiCTR 28 GHz Installation GuideContentsPublication history vAbout this guide viiPurpose viiAudience viiOrganization viiiDocumentation Suite ixCustomer Support xContents xiCTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-1Product Overview 1-1How the CTR 28 GHz Works 1-2CTR 28 GHz Specification 1-4CTR 28 GHz Component Descriptions 1-6Diplexer / Power Supply 1-6Mixer 1-6Dielectric Resonance Oscillator (DRO) 1-6Isolator 1-6Bandpass Filter 1-6Low Noise Amplifier 1-7Power Amplifier 1-7Duplexer 1-7Antenna 1-7Pre-Installation 1-8Prevention of Access 1-8Unpacking Shipment 1-8Reunion Safety Standards 1-9Safety Disclaimer 1-9General Safety 1-9Electrical Safety 1-9Installing the CTR 28 GHz 1-10Mounting Bracket Assembly 1-10Installing the Tower Equipment 1-11Installing Indoor Equipment (NIU 5008 only) 1-12Installing Indoor Equipment (NIU 6054 only) 1-13CTR 28 GHz Maintenance 1-20Mechanical Checks 1-20CTR 28 GHz Diagnostic Reference Chart 1-21
xii411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 Grounding and Surge Protection 2-1Grounding/Lightning Protection 2-1Scope 2-1Grounding Methods/Indoor Equipment 2-1Wire Gauge Guidelines 2-2Outdoor Equipment: the need for surge (lightning) protection 2-3Ground connections to outdoor equipment 2-7Regulatory Considerations 2-10List of terms 3-1
1-1Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation Guide1CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2Product OverviewThe CTR 28 GHz outdoor transceiver is a customer premise transceiver designed to operate in the Receiver (RX) 27.5485 to 27.7485 GHz and Transmitter (TX) 28.5565 to 28.7565 GHz frequency bands. It is a Nortel Reunion product which operates in conjunction with base station products. It is compatible with Reunion’s Release 1.2 equipment.The CTR 28 GHz transceiver is mounted on a pole or a building. It features a small size and low noise characteristics. The combination of digital modulation and low-loss mounting results in an efficient and low-cost installation. It has a high-stability reference oscillator.The CTR 28 GHz features the following attributes:• light-weight and compact packaging designed for mounting outdoors • solid-state upconverter and downconverter designs• high frequency stability over a wide temperature range• standard 18 VDC input for use around the worldThe transceiver comprises the following components:•diplexer• power supply•mixers• local oscillator•isolators• bandpass filters• low noise amplifier (LNA)• power amplifier• duplexer• antenna
1-2 CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 Figure 1-1 CTR 28 GHz Block DiagramHow the CTR 28 GHz WorksThis section provides an overview of the theory of operation for the CTR 28 GHz outdoor transceiver.Its installation on a pole or building enhances transmitting and receiving capabilities by avoiding the need for long expensive waveguide runs. This technique minimizes the power loss from waveguide attenuation, which results in a highly efficient, compact and cost-effective installation. Minimum maintenance is required.The high-stability reference oscillator ensures that the transmitter and receiver remain on frequency over a wide operating range. The radio uses a common input cable to carry the 18 VDC and transmit intermediate frequency (IF) signals. The DC power supply and the IF signals are separated by the diplexer in the radio. The radio uses a common antenna for both the transmit and receive microwave signals.18 VDC Diplexer12 VDC TX Filter P. Amp. TX FilterAntennaDuplexerRX FilterLNARX FilterVHF-AMPIF OutputDROMixerMixerLO Test PortIF/PS InputPower Supply
CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-3Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation Guide1. The CTR transceiver’s input coaxial cable carries the IF signals and the 18 VDC power supply to the diplexer. The diplexer distributes the DC power to the power supply unit and interfaces with the mixer for the IF signals.2. The 450-650 MHz transmit IF signals enter the mixer which upconverts the signals to the 28.5565-28.7565 GHz band for the transmit path. The received 27.5485-27.7485 RF band is downconverted to a receive signal in the 358-558 MHz range.3. The local oscillator (LO) provides local oscillator signal to the mixer. The LO uses a phase-locked dielectric resonance oscillator (DRO) with an oven controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO).4. The bandpass filters remove the undesired sideband signals, in both the transmit and receive paths.5. The upconverted signal is fed into the power amplifier which provides the required gain to the microwave signals. The power amplifier output is connected to the antenna through the filter and duplexer.6. The received RF simultaneously passes through the antenna, the band pass filter, the Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), and enters the downconverter mixer. There are three connectors on the outside of the transceiver case:• The IF (TX) and power supply input uses a Type N female jack • The IF (RX) output uses a Type N female jack • Test Port uses SMA jack
1-4 CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 CTR 28 GHz SpecificationTable 1: CTR 28 GHz SpecificationsTX IF Input RF OutputFrequency Range 28-01P1 28-01P2 28-07P538-650 MHz 28.5565-28.6685 GHz28.6405-28.7525 GHz28.2-28.35 GHzOutput Level (P1dB) ≥21 dBm, -40° to +30°C≥20.7 dBm, +31° to +50°C≥20.2 dBm, +51° to +55°COutput Level (IP3) >28 dBm, min.Input Impedance 50 OhmsInput/Output Connector N Type Female WR-28 Cover FlangeInput VSWR 1.8:1, max 1.6:1, max (or 13 dB)Gain (not including antenna) 22 dBGain Stability ±2.0 dB over temperatureGain Flatness ±1 dB over bandwidthFrequency Stability ±2 ppm, (-40° to +55°C) RX RF Input IF OutputFrequency Range 28-01P1 28-01P227.5485-27.6605 GHz 27.6325-27.7445358-470 MHzNominal Input Level - 26 dBmOutput Impedance 50 OhmsInput/Output Connector WR-28 N Type FemaleOutput VSWR 1.6:1, max (or 13 dB) 1.8:1, maxGain (not including antenna) 34 dB, minimumGain Stability <±3.0 dB over temperatureGain Flatness <±1.5 dB over bandwidthNoise Figure < 8 dB, -40° to +30°C< 8.3 dB, +31° to +50°C< 8.7 dB, +51° to +55°CFrequency Stability <±2.7 ppm, (-40° to +55°C)Test Por t -20 SMA
CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-5Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation GuideNote: Use the following formula to calculate the converted frequency: TX: ƒRF OUT (GHz) = ƒIF IN (GHz) + 28.1065 RX: ƒIF OUT (GHz) = 28.1065 - ƒRF IN (GHz) Antenna CTRFrequency 27.5-29.5 GHzGain 35 dBi, minimumTX / RX wave polarity linear, single poleBeam Width (3dB) 2.6° Diameter 1’ (30.5 cm)Power Supply CTRInput Voltage 18 VDC, 3A, maxdiplexed with TX cableInput Current <3 AmpInput Power 54 Watts, maximumEnvironmental CTRHumidity 100% condensingAltitude 10,000 feetOperating Temperature -40° to +55°CStorage Temperature Range -45° to +85°CMechanical CTRSize (Height x Diameter) 15.2" x 12.4" (38.5 x 31.5 cm)Weight without brackets 7 lbs. (3.2 KG)
1-6 CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 CTR 28 GHz Component DescriptionsDiplexer / Power SupplyThe diplexer separates the IF input signals and the DC power supply. The isolation between the IF path and the power supply path is more than 45 dB. A transient voltage protector on the board helps to protect the transceiver from possible lightning damage.The 18 VDC power from the diplexer is first regulated to 12 VDC for all the modules. Mixer The CTR 28 GHz uses a third harmonic mixer. The mixer uses a 9.368833 GHz local oscillator (LO) signal to convert the IF input signals to the 27.5485-27.7485 GHz microwave frequency band. The same LO is used to downconvert the incoming microwave signals to the receive IF frequency band.Dielectric Resonance Oscillator (DRO)The Dielectric Resonance Oscillator is equipped with a OCXO reference oscillator. When the DRO is phase-locked, it provides a 9.368833 GHz microwave frequency stability derived from the reference crystal.When the DRO is phase-locked, the phase-locked voltage at the test port on the DRO can vary from 3 VDC to 10 VDC. The voltage at the alarm test port is approximately 5 VDC.When the DRO is unlocked, the phase-locked voltage becomes an oscillating ramp wave. The voltage at the alarm test port goes down to 0 VDC.IsolatorThree isolators provide adequate return loss in the CTR 28 GHz. Each isolator’s maximum forward insertion loss is 0.5 dB, and its return loss is greater than 18 dB.Bandpass FilterThe bandpass filter removes the undesired sideband elements and LO leakage, and passes the required sideband signals.
CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-7Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation GuideLow Noise AmplifierThe low noise amplifier (LNA) provides gain in the receive path and amplifies the received microwave signals to the mixer. The gain and noise figure of the LNA are chosen to maximize the overall dynamic range and noise performance of the CTR 28 GHz receiver section.Power AmplifierThe power amplifier provides gain in the transmit path. It boosts the signals in the 28.5565-28.7565 GHz frequency range to the required level. The amplifier is a solid state amplifier that has high linearity within a high output power range.DuplexerThe CTR 28 GHz uses the duplexer to combine and separate the transmit and receive RF signals, allowing use of a common antenna for receiver and transmitter.AntennaThe CTR 28 GHz uses a reflector antenna to transmit and receive RF signals. The transmitting signal polarity is defined as the direction of CTR 28 GHz polarity. Note: V= vertical TX wave polarization H= horizontal TX wave polarizationNote: Lightening arrestors are not supplied with the CTR transceiver.
1-8 CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 Pre-InstallationPrevention of AccessAllow only authorized personnel to access the equipment. Install the equipment in a restricted-access location or similar environment. Failure to prevent unauthorized user access invalidates the equipment warranty.Unpacking ShipmentUse the following steps to unpack and inspect the shipment of Nortel Broadband Wireless Access equipment:1. Copy adequate Inventory Forms2. Check each package against the order form and packing slip to ensure that all components are received3. Check each package for signs of damage4. Open the package and closely inspect all components for obvious signs of damage5. Know exactly where you are going to place the equipment, before removing them from the package 6. Carefully remove the equipment from the packaging7. Save packing material for future use8. Be aware of electrostatic discharge devices (ESD) requirements when handling BWA equipmentNote: For more information, refer to the Electronic Industries Association (EIA) standard, Requirements for Handling Electrostatic-Discharge-Sensitive Devices (ESDS), EIA-625, as well as local and national standards.
CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-9Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation GuideReunion Safety Standards Safety and safety considerations are important while using Nortel Broadband Wireless Access equipment. Safety DisclaimerThe safety standards discussed in this guide cannot address all safety problems associated with their use or all applicable regulatory requirements. The customers are responsible for establishing appropriate safety and health practices and for determining the applicability of regulatory limitations before their use.General SafetyEnsure that installation personnel are trained on CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation), as well as on local, regional and national safety standards.When working on Nortel Broadband Wireless Access equipment, follow these guidelines:• Keep your work site clean and free of clutter.• Wear close fitting clothing.• Remove jewelry such as rings, bracelets, or watches.• Where it is possible to dislodge small pieces, wear eye protection.• Place equipment or cabinets on level surfaces.• Wear a safety belt when climbing a tower and installing equipment on a tower.• Work in pairs so that you have someone to help in case of an emergency.Electrical SafetyLocate the main power shut-off switch controlling the equipment you are working on. This is important in the event of an accident, so you can quickly cut the power.Disconnect all power when working on power supplies.In an emergency (electrocution):• shut the power off. • have someone call for emergency medical assistance•start CPRWarningDo not move in front of the antenna, nor look directly into the face of the antenna when the CTR 28 GHz is running.
1-10 CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 Installing the CTR 28 GHzInstallation involves three separate operations:• mounting bracket assembly• installing the tower equipment• installing the indoor equipmentFor information about installing the antenna(s) and such aspects as line of sight, antenna mast spacing, coverage angle, etc., refer to the Network Engineering Package and the Design Document.Mounting Bracket AssemblyIt is recommended that you assemble the mounting brackets on the ground prior to mounting them on the pole. See Figures 1-7, 1-8, and 1-9.ToolsYou require the following tools to assemble the brackets:i. Allen Keyii. two open ended wrenches or a wrench and a socketStepsiBolt the two side supports onto either side of the ‘U bracket support.’ii Align the holes in the U bracket with the holes in the ‘base support. Ensure that the flat surface of the base support is in the upward position, while the curved/concave surface faces downward.iii Bolt the assembled U bracket support to the narrow end of the ‘base support.’iv Position the assembled pole mounting hardware on the mounting pole at the point you want to mount the CTR.v Bolt the assembled mounting hardware to the two saddle brackets using the supplied 6" threaded bolts. Ensure that the bracket is securely tighten and correctly positioned on the mounting pole before attaching the radio.
CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-11Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation GuideInstalling the Tower EquipmentInstall the CTR 28 GHz microwave transceiver as follows:1. Mount the CTR 28 GHz to a stable pole using the supplied mounting brackets. See Figures 1-7, 1-8, and 1-9.The mounting brackets accommodate poles with outside diameters from 2" to 4.5". See Figures 1-5 and 1-6. The CTR 28 GHz requires 18 VDC (3A) power supply unit. 2. Connect the IF/power supply input cable to the CTR’s N-type IF IN 18 VDC port. See Figures 1-3 and 1-4.3. Connect the RX cable from the CTR’s N-type IF OUT port to the RMM RX port. See Figures 1-3 and 1-4.4. Seal all connections using Coax-Seal® or equivalent, cold shrink or hot shrink tubing.5. Ground all RF cables at the recommended spacing intervals. (Refer to tower and cable manufacturers’ specifications).6. Ensure that all feed lines are securely attached to the support structure. Plan for drip (service) loops on all cables.CautionDo not turn on the power supply until the installation is complete. After you install the equipment, check the cable connections.
1-12 CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 Installing Indoor Equipment (NIU 5008 only)Install the NIU 5008 equipment associated with the CTR 28 GHz microwave transceiver as follows:1. Connect the CPI 9000 (power inserter) to -48 VDC power source. 2. Adjust voltage out of CPI 9000. It is adjustable from 17V to 21V, depending on cable length and type.3. Connect power inserter unit’s IF IN port (N-type connector) to the NIU’s IF OUT N-type (bulkhead) connector as shown in Figure 1-2.4. Connect CTR 28 GHz IF/PS cable to the CPI 9000 output (PS/IF) port (N-type connector).5. Connect CTR 28 GHz RX cable to NIU IF IN N-type (bulkhead) connector.6. Refer to Reunion NIU 5008 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1323 - 203, and the Network Engineering Package. Figure 1-2 Diagram showing CTR 28 GHz indoor set-upNIURMMTXRXto CTR 28 GHz IF/PSfrom CTR 28 GHz RXCPI 9000-48 DC
CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-13Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation GuideInstalling Indoor Equipment (NIU 6054 only)Install the NIU 6054 equipment associated with the CTR 28 GHz microwave transceiver as follows:1. Adjust voltage out of NIU 6054. It is adjustable from 17V to 21 V, depending on cable length and type.2. Connect CTR 28 GHz IF/PS cable to the NIU 6054’s output (PS/IF) port (N-type connector).3. Connect CTR 28 GHz RX cable to NIU N-type (bulkhead) connector.4. Refer to Reunion NIU 6054 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide, Release 1.1, 411- 1323 - 201, and the Network Engineering Package. Figure 1-3Block Diagram showing CTR 38 GHz indoor set-up with NIU 6054NIU CTRIF INIF OUT/DC Power IF IN/DC PowerIF OUT
1-14 CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 Figure 1-4The CTR 28 GHz Back View-Showing Input and Output Points IF IN18 VDC IF OUTBracketDrainage HoleLO Test PortPolarity SymbolDrainage Hole
CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-15Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation GuideFigure 1-5 CTR 28 GHz Mounted to a Pole-Back ViewU-Bracket SupportDrainage Hole Polarity SymbolMounting PoleIF IN18 VDC IF OUTLO Test Port Drainage Hole 6 “ threaded boltBase Support Saddles
1-16 CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 Figure 1-6 CTR 28 GHz Mounted on a Pole - Side ViewCTR 28 GHz ConnectorsAntenna ModuleMounting Pole90°55°
CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-17Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation GuideFigure 1-7Bracket ComponentsFigure 1-8Bracket Mounted on the PoleBase SupportBolts - 6” threadedU Bracket SupportSide SupportSaddles for pole mountingBase SupportBoltsU-Bracket SupportSide Support SaddleU-Bracket Support
1-18 CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 Figure 1-9CTR mounted to a PoleFigure 1-10 CTR 28 GHz with ConnectorsIF IN18 VDCIF OUTLO Test PortBase SupportBoltU-Bracket SupportSide SupportSaddleNote: This is a previous model of the CTR, however, it shows bracket assembly.IF OutLO Test PortIF In 18 VDCDrainage HoleU-Bracket Support
CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-19Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation GuideFigure 1-11 CTR 28 GHz Side View with Brackets Figure 1-12 CTR 28 GHz Side View with BracketsDrainage HolesIF OutLO Test PortIF In 18 VDCDrainage HoleIF OutLO Test PortIF In 18 VDC
1-20 CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 CTR 28 GHz MaintenanceEstablish a regular check procedure. This quickly identifies any problem which might develop. There are no repairable internal components in the CTR 28 GHz. Therefore, the checks focus on the exterior features of the transceiver unit.Mechanical ChecksCheck the following mechanical areas to prevent problems.1. Check the bolts and fasteners which hold the transceiver, waveguides, and antenna. Vibrations due to wind can cause bolts and fasteners to loosen. Verify that equipment is secure and properly mounted. If the bolts or fasteners are loose, tighten them carefully. Use lock and spring washers.2. Check to ensure that all connections between the transceiver and antenna remain watertight. If water enters the waveguide or coaxial connections, it can cause attenuation of the microwave signals. If water is detected, call Nortel Broadband Wireless Access.3. Visually inspect all equipment for signs of external damage. If signs of damage are detected, call Nortel Broadband Wireless Access.Note: If you detect an unsolvable problem during the electrical and mechanical inspections, contact Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access so that action can be taken to rectify the problem.
CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-21Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation GuideCTR 28 GHz Diagnostic Reference ChartSymptom Possible Cause Check ProcedureOutput power low 1. VHF input signal level low. a. Check VHF signal level.b. Check coaxial cable.c. Check cable connectors. d. Check antenna for blockage (e.g. guano)No power a. check main fuse powerb. check cable connectionsIf you detect any problem during the electrical and mechanical checks, contact Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access so that action can be taken to rectify the problem.CautionWarranty void if seal is opened. This means do not attempt to remove cover.CautionWarranty void if CTR is not equipped with lightening arrestor.
1-22 CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999
2-1Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation Guide2Grounding and Surge ProtectionGrounding/Lightning ProtectionScope This chapter presents guidelines for the grounding and electrical protection of Reunion equipment in typical buildings, assuming 1. indoor equipment is installed in an appropriate equipment room and 2. outdoor equipment is installed on rooftops using a pole mount. Further, Nortel Networks assumes building electrical systems comply with the appropriate national and local regulations.Grounding Methods/Indoor EquipmentComponents of a communications system can be grounded together using an isolated bonding network (IBN). The IBN can be configured in several different ways:1. Mesh2. Mesh – IBN with bonding mat3. Star or sparse-meshIn turn, the IBN is bonded at a single point to the Common Bonding Network (CBN) that forms the principal bonding network in a building. Figure 2-1 shows a typical installation:
2-2 Grounding and Surge Protection411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 Figure 2-1Typical Grounding configuration for Indoor EquipmentThe single point ground (SPG) represents the connection of IBN to the building grounding system.Wire Gauge GuidelinesMain bonding conductorsAll main bonding conductors in the equipment room shall be No. 2 AWG or larger copper wires.Other bonding conductorsAll other bonding conductors in the room, including• bonding individual frames/cabinets to the collector cable, supplementary conductor or BPG • bonding conductors of other metallic objects such as cable trays and building utility equipment are No. 6 AWG or larger insulated copper conductors.SPG Cabinet 1 Cabinet 2 Cabinet 3 Cabinet NMesh ConnectionCollector Cable
Grounding and Surge Protection 2-3Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation GuideOutdoor Equipment: the need for surge (lightning) protectionApart from the need to provide good grounding for safety, outdoor equipment is subject to more environmental hazards than is indoor equipment. Radio communication equipment, with antennas mounted well above ground level, have conductive parts exposed to lightning. Safety needs are met by grounding practices and protection needs are met by a combination of grounding and protective devices. Many protective devices are available: • air terminals, • solid state OVPs, • filters, •zeners, • MoVs, •isolators • capacitors, • resistors, • QWS and more. The application of these devices is beyond the scope of this document. The equipment designer needs to consider both the protection requirements and the geographic region where the equipment is installed. Grounding and Lightning ProtectionIn general, all exposed metallic equipment must be grounded. Besides the need for lightning protection, it is desirable to conduct induced current to ground through as low a resistance as possible, along as short a path as possible. In practice this means multiple ground connections and multiple conductors. Figure 2-2 shows a typical rooftop installation of Reunion customer premise equipment. Figure 2-3 shows a typical rooftop installation of Reunion base station transceiver (BTR). The radio equipment should, where possible, be grounded through the ground lug using a 6AWG bonding wire to the building common bonding network. Alternatively, the equipment can be grounded through the mounting bracket. Provision must be made to prevent corrosion on the metallic contact surfaces. Similarly, the installer shall ensure that there is a good metallic connection to the building CBN. If a common mounting plate is used for the two redundant BTRs and the radio power extractor (RPE), the installer shall insure that ground continuity to the CBN is maintained and corrosion protection is applied. The common
2-4 Grounding and Surge Protection411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 mounting plate should be considered as an alternative bonding to the preferred technique of separately bonding each BTR and RPE. The size of the bonding wire should be #6 AWG.The coaxial cable shall be bonded at least at the RPE/BTR/CTR and at the building entry. For a tower higher than 30 meters (98 ft), the cable shall be bonded at 30 meter intervals. The size of the bonding conductor shall be #6 AWG or larger.Mount the radio in an area protected from lightning strikes. If local conditions require an air terminal, install it in accordance with ANSI/NFPA 780. The air terminals are shown schematically in Figures 1-2 and 1-3. The air terminal (lightning rod) if used, is at least 1 meter (3.3 ft) above the highest object being protected and within 2 meters (6.6 ft) ± 30 cm (1.0 ft) of the object. CautionDo not install Reunion equipment on lightning protection air terminals.
Grounding and Surge Protection 2-5Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation GuideFigure 2-2Rooftop Installation of Reunion Base Radio EquipmentNOTEThe outer coaxial cable conductor isbonded (grounded) at the buildingentrance and at the customerpremise transceiver (CTR).SurgearrestorsLightningrodBuildingentranceGroundingplateto commonbonding networkto commonbonding network2 m ± 30 cm6.6 ± 1.0 ftSteel pipemount6.4 cm(2.5 in.)1 m3.3 ftCTR
2-6 Grounding and Surge Protection411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 Figure 2-3 Rooftop Installation of Reunion Base Radio Equipment NOTEThe outer conductor of the coaxialcable is grounded at the buildingground’s entrance and at the BTR.On the building side, the RPEcomes equipped with surgearrestors.Lightningrodto commonbonding network2 m ± 30 cm6.6 ± 1.0 ftSteel pipemount6.4 cm(2.5 in.)1 m3.3 ftBTRBTRBuildingentranceGroundingplateto commonbonding networkRPESurgearrestorsSurgearrestorsRedundantradios
Grounding and Surge Protection 2-7Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation GuideGround connections to outdoor equipmentThe grounding lug is supplied with all current releases of outdoor brackets. In addition, a 6 AWG braided ground wire connected to the common bonding network is required to complete the ground connection for all microwave products.Note: There is no grounding lug supplied with previously-released microwave products. To retrofit these installations, order one retrofit kit for each sector and use the following procedures.Retrofit procedure for grounding the base station equipment (BTR and RPE)You will need an NTVG15BA BTR and RPE grounding retrofit kit for every base station sector to be retrofitted, containing the following parts:Use the following method to install the kit on the BTR, referring to Figure 2-4:1Remove the 3/8” mounting bolt, two flat washers and the mounting washer from the BTR. Discard one flat washer and the locking washer.2Crimp the 3/8 terminal (A0297956) onto the grounding wire.3Install the existing bolt, flat washer, new internal tooth washer, and the complete ground cable as shown in Figure 2-4.Use the following method to install the kit on the RPE, referring to Figure 2-4:1Remove the 1/4” mounting bolt and split lock washer as shown in Figure 2-4.2Crimp the 1/4 terminal (A0315080) onto the grounding wire.3Install the ¼” original mounting bolt and a stainless steel internal tooth washer.4Repeatedly tighten and loosen the fastener assembly, rotating the internal tooth lock washer, until the powder coating is scraped off and the bare metal is exposed. Repeat this procedure if required.5Discard the internal tooth washer used to remove the powder coating.6Using new stainless steel internal tooth washers, assemble the complete ground cable connection, as per Figure 2-4.Item Qty Vendor part no. Description CPC no.1 2 LCA6-38 6 AWG, 3/8” compression terminal (Panduit) for BTR A02979562 1 LCA6-14 6 AWG, 1/4” compression terminal (Panduit) for RPE A03150803 2 W-2064 1/4” Stainless steel internal tooth lock washer (Spaenaur) for RPE TBD4 2 W-2069 3/8” Stainless steel internal tooth lock washer (Spaenaur) for BTR TBD
2-8 Grounding and Surge Protection411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 Figure 2-4Grounding the BTR and RPERetrofit procedure for grounding the customer premise equipment (CTR)You will need an NTVG15CA CTR grounding retrofit kit for every CTR to be retrofitted, containing the following parts:Item Qty Vendor part no. Description CPC no.1 5 LCA6-38 1/4” Stainless steel internal tooth lock washer (Spaenaur) TBD2 1 LCA6-14 6 AWG, 1/4” compression terminal (Burndy) for CTR A03150803 3 1/4” stainless steel flat washer P08837974 1 1/4” x 1” Stainless steel hex head bolt P08885015 2 MS35649-2254 1/4” Stainless steel nut P0860421Internal toothlock washerExistingflat washerExisting Hex headcapscrewCable (notprovided)Internal tooth lockwasherExisting socket headcapscrewExisting splitlock washerCable (notprovided)BTRRPE
Grounding and Surge Protection 2-9Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation GuideUse the following method to install the kit on the CTR, referring to Figure 2-5:1Install the ¼” stainless steel hex bolt, stainless steel flat washer and the stainless steel internal tooth washer through one of the four holes in the CTR. (Refer to Figure 2-5 for the hole location.)2Install a stainless steel internal tooth washer, stainless steel flatwasher and the 1/4” nut onto the assembly installed in Step 1.3Repeatedly tighten and loosen the fastener assembly, rotating the internal tooth lock washer, until the powder coating is scraped off and the bare metal is exposed. Repeat this procedure if required.4 Discard the internal tooth washer used to remove the powder coating.5Using new stainless steel internal tooth washers, assemble the complete ground cable connection, as per Figure 2-5.Figure 2-5Grounding the CTRHex headcapscrewFlat washer Internal toothLock washerHex nutCable (not provided)CTR
2-10 Grounding and Surge Protection411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 Regulatory ConsiderationsElectrical1. UL1950/IEC950Lightning protection1. UL14922. IEC 653. IEEE/ANSI C62.414. Bellcore GR-1089-CORE5. ANSI/NFPA 780 Lightning Protection CodeGrounding1. CCITT Rec K.272. Corporate Standard 4122, Grounding of Communication SystemsIt is assumed that building construction complies with NEC Article 250 (US) or CEC Section 10 (Canada). In the US the recommended ground resistance is 5 ohms and the maximum for a single electrode is 25 ohms.
3-1Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation Guide3List of termsACAlternating CurrentAir Terminal Another name for lightning rodAWGAmerican Wire GaugeDBMSDigital Broadband Microwave SystemDCDirect CurrentDRODielectric Resonance OscillatorEarthingAnother term for grounding used by safety agencies. Earthing is the term often seen in safety standards.EIAElectronic Industries AssociationESDElectrostatic DischargeFCCFederal Communications CommissionIBNIsolated Bonding Network
3-2 List of terms411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999 IC Industry CanadaIF Intermediate Frequency kHzkilohertz, one thousand hertz or cycles per secondLOLocal OscillatorLNALow Noise AmplifierLNBLow Noise Block DownconverterMHzMegaHertz, one million hertz or cycles per secondNIU Network Interface UnitOCXOOven-Controlled Crystal Oscillator PAPower AmplifierPI Power InserterPS Power SupplyQAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation, which entails modulating frequencyRF Radio FrequencyRMMRadio Modem Module
List of terms 3-3Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation GuideSPGSingle Point Ground VACVoltage Alternating CurrentVDCVoltage Direct Current (Volts Direct Current)VHFVery High Frequency
3-4 List of terms411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999
ReunionCTR 28 GHzInstallation GuideNortel Broadband Wireless Access14 Fultz Blvd.Winnipeg, Manitoba R3Y 1V3Phone: 972-BWA-ETAS/972-292-3827; Fax: 204-631-24751-800-4-NORTEL (1-800-466-7835)http://www.nortel.com 1999 Northern TelecomNorthern Telecom Ltd., all rights reservedNORTHERN TELECOM CONFIDENTIAL: The information contained in this document is the property of Northern Telecom. Except as specifically authorized in writing by Northern Telecom, the holder of this document shall keep the information contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use same for evaluation, operation, and maintenance purposes only.Information is subject to change without notice. Publication number: 411- 1333 - 203.01.02Product release : Release 1.2Document version: PreliminaryDate: March 1999Printed in Canada

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