Modular Mining Systems 301582 Spread Spectrum Transceiver User Manual

Modular Mining Systems Inc Spread Spectrum Transceiver Users Manual

Users Manual

3289 East Hemisphere LoopTucson, AZ 85706-5028 U.S.A.520 746-9127 [tel]520 889-5790 [fax]http://www.mmsi.comMarch 2001Spread SpectrumRadio SystemUser’s Manual
Note: This equipment has been tested and found tocomply with the limits for a Class A digital device,pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits aredesigned to provide reasonable protection againstharmful interference when the equipment is operated ina commercial environment. This equipment generates,uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if notinstalled and used in accordance with the instructionmanual, may cause harmful interference to radiocommunications. Operation of this equipment in aresidential area ia likely to cause harmful interference inwhich case the user will be required to correct theinterference at his own expense.Changes or modifications not expressly approved byModular Mining Systems could void the user’s authorityto operate this equipment.
3289 East Hemisphere LoopTucson, AZ 85706-5028 U.S.A.520 746-9127 [tel]520 889-5790 [fax]http://www.mmsi.comMarch 2001Spread SpectrumRadio SystemUser’s Manual
RESTRICTIVE COVENANTANDDISCLAIMERCopyright © 2001 by Modular Mining Systems, Inc.Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A.All rights reserved.Modular Mining Systems, Inc., makes no representation regarding the fitness, quality, design, condition,capacity, suitability, or performance of the equipment or of the material or workmanship thereof and/or complianceof the system with the requirements of any law or regulations, and disclaims all warranties, either express or implied,including but not limited to any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. ModularMining Systems, Inc., shall not be responsible for any loss or damage to property or injury or death to persons causedby any defect or failure in the system hardware and/or software regardless of the form of action, whether in contractor in tort, including negligence, strict liability, or otherwise. Modular Mining Systems, Inc., is not responsible for anylosses, financial or otherwise, that the customer, purchaser, or end user (hereafter, collectively, user) incurs nor shallit be liable for any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages for loss of business or investmentprofits, business interruption, loss of business information or the like) arising out of the use, interruption in the use of,or performance of the system hardware and/or software. User expressly agrees to indemnify and hold harmlessModular Mining Systems, Inc., from and against all claims, damages, losses, and expenses, including but not limitedto: (i) any loss resulting from general or particular requirements of needs of user as defined in user’s originatingpurchase order; (ii) any damages from loss of use, loss of data, loss of profits, or loss of business arising out of or inconnection with the performance of system hardware and/or software; (iii) any loss or damage to property or injuryor death to persons proximately resulting from system hardware and/or software, even if entirely due in whole or inpart to negligent acts or omissions of Modular Mining Systems, Inc.; and (iv) attorney’s fees and costs.The information described in this document is furnished as proprietary information and may not be copied or soldwithout the written permission of Modular Mining Systems, Inc.Trademarks (distinctive font) and the Modular logo are trademarks of Modular Mining Systems, Inc. and are registered U.S. trademarks of Modular Mining Systems, Inc.All other brand names and product names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks, or trade names oftheir respective holders.
Contentsiii March 2001About This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Mobile Equipment System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Radio Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Hub. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Major Circuit Boards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Over and Undervoltage Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Connectors and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Mobile Equipment Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Repeater System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Hub. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Major Circuit Boards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Connectors and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Repeater System Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Base Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12System Installation and Checkout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13A AcronymsB Radio Module SpecificationsGeneral Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Functional Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2FCC Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Channel Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Power and Distance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Photographs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8DSSS Channels and Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9EL Antenna Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11AZ Antenna Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
March 2001Spread SpectrumRadio SystemAbout This Manual This manual contains a description of the spread spectrum radio(SSR) system designed by Modular Mining Systems (MMS). Its use isintended for MMS personnel and clients who may be responsible forthe system’s operation. Detailed installation and checkout proceduresare provided in a separate installation guide. Detailed user interfaceinformation is also provided separately. The definitions of acronymsused in this manual are given in Appendix A. The radio modulespecifications are provided in Appendix B.System Description The MMS-designed SSR system is based on direct sequence spreadspectrum (DSSS) technology, which provides a substantialimprovement in signal-to-noise performance over conventionalmodulation techniques. Operating in the ISM 2.4- to 2.4835-GHzfrequency band, the transmitted signal is spread within the frequencydomain by using an 11-bit Barker sequence chipping code to obtain atransmission bandwidth of 22 MHz and data rates of 1 and 2 Mb/s.The received signal is strengthened by a processing gain of 10.4 dB,thereby increasing the signal’s resistance to interference.The improved radio performance and increased bandwidth, ascompared with a 9600-b/s narrow-band system, reduces congestion inmines with large equipment fleets. Intensive graphic images, such asupdates for the Color Graphics Console (CGC) screen, and largeamounts of diagnostic data can be efficiently transmitted.The SSR system comprises two major subsystems: the mobileequipment system and the repeater system. The primary hardwareincludes Hubs, radio modules, and mobile repeater stations. Ratherthan one or two conventional narrow-band repeaters, the SSR system
2 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s ManualMarch 2001uses several small repeaters, as shown in the following simplifieddiagram:Figure 1 SSR System Configuration, SimplifiedEach repeater extends the base station’s area of coverage andcommunicates with the base station by way of other repeaters ordirectly by way of a fiber optic cable.The base station uses redundant radios to ensure continued operationin case a radio fails. Likewise, primary routing paths betweenrepeaters incorporate alternative routing paths in case a repeaterfails. The mine can optionally add repeaters to provide redundancy towhatever extent is desired.Initial installation is expedient in part because the ISM frequencyband is license free, and there are no delays associated with licenseapplications. Nor are there licensing fees. The system’s inherentarchitecture makes adding repeaters to an installed systempractically effortless, and mobile repeaters are easily deployed tocover new work areas as the mine’s topography changes.The mobile equipment system and the repeater system are describedin the following sections.BaseStationRedundantRepeaterEthernet
Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual 3March 2001Mobile EquipmentSystem Each truck, shovel, dozer, drill, or other mine equipment in thenetwork requires the following major components:• two 2.4-GHz radios•a HubAlthough not integral to the SSR system, a CAN-based CGC and aGPS antenna are also essential units of DISPATCH hardwarerequired on mine equipment.Radio Module Two radios are needed per mine vehicle or machine so that 360-degreecoverage is obtained without having an antenna mounted above theequipment. On a haul truck, the radios are typically mounted on thefront left and right deck or handrails.Each radio module (Figure 2) consists of a molded plastic casecontaining the radio electronics and antenna on the same circuitboard. An internal EMI shield protects the electronics.Figure 2 Radio Module, External ViewThe overall dimensions of the unit are 22 by 16.5 by 34.3 centimeters(8.7 by 6.5 by 13.5 inches) and it weighs only 1.6 kilograms(3.5 pounds).Each radio connects to the onboard Hub by way of a cable carryingpower and data signals. The cable connects to a single 6-pin connector
4 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s ManualMarch 2001on the back of the radio module. The signals are identified in thefollowing table:Shielded connections inside the radio encapsulate the LVDS lines sothat radiation is minimized.Hub The Hub controls the high-speed LVDS links to the radios by way ofFPGAs inside the Hub and the radio modules. The Hub suppliesprotected power to the radios as well as protected power to all otherDISPATCH hardware on the mine equipment, such as the CGC andexternal Generic Serial Processor (GSP). This eliminates the need foran external power supply and reduces the amount of input protectioncircuitry the non-Hub devices require.Figure 3 Mobile Equipment HubTable 1 Radio Module External ConnectorPin Signal DescriptionA DATA OUT + LVDS driven from radio +B DATA OUT −LVDS driven from radio −C DATA IN −LVDS received from Hub −D DATA IN + LVDS received from Hub +E PWR IN 24 V dc received from Hub**Acceptable input range is 8 to 38 volts.F PWR GND Power ground connected to HubSLIPGPS ANTENNACAN ACAN A [RESERVED] RADIO ARADIO BPOWERDIGITAL I/OGSPETHERNET
Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual 5March 2001The Hub is installed inside the equipment’s cab usually mounted tothe wall or on an upright bracket attached to the floor or rear dash. Itconsistsofa rugged case andbaseplate made of castaluminum,whichhasbeenanodized and enameled to provide maximum protectionfromharsh environments. Its physical dimensions are approximately 35.4by 26.2 by 9.4 centimeters (14 by 10.3 by 3.7 inches), and it weighs 4.3kilograms (9.5 pounds).Major Circuit BoardsThe mobile equipment Hub houses the following major components:• processor boardThis board has an Intel SA1100 processor, DRAM, ROM, flashmemory, FPGA, Ethernet controller (10Base-T), CANcontroller, and other primary components. All transceivers andisolation components are on the isolation interface board,thereby making the processor board relatively stable. Thisboard is also small enough to allow full-size high-precision GPSreceivers to be mounted next to it inside the Hub cover.• power boardThis board distributes protected, isolated, and regulated powerto the system components. The input power source is nominally12 or 24 V dc. The optional 12-V Hub has an operational rangeof 10 to 19 volts; the optional 24-V Hub has an operationalrange of 18 to 35 volts.• connector boardThis board provides the internal connections between thepower and isolation interface boards, and all connections toexternal devices.• isolation interface boardThis board provides electrical protection and isolation tosignals coming from outside the Hub to the processor.• location system (GPS) adapter boardThis board provides the interface between the processor boardand the GPS receiver.
6 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s ManualMarch 2001Over and Undervoltage ProtectionThe Hub power board has built-in protection from damage to theelectronics during a constant steady-state over or undervoltagecondition. When either condition occurs, the Hub shuts off bydisconnecting itself from the power source, and remains off as long asthe accessory switch is open. When the condition no longer exists, andthe accessory switch closes, the Hub turns itself back on.When the accessory switch opens during normal operation, a softshutdown occurs, which permits the software to save data, completepending radio communications, and shut down in an orderly fashion.Connectors and IndicatorsThere are 11 external connectors on the front of the Hub. A decalaffixed to the top of the Hub indicates the type of connection at each.One of these connectors is reserved for future use. The other 10 arebriefly described in the following table:Table 2 Equipment Hub ConnectorsConnector DescriptionGPS ANTENNA type TNC coaxial cable connector for GPSantennaSLIP RS-232 service port for laptop during systemstartup, update, and troubleshootingCAN A(2 connectors) provides power output to and datacommunications with standard CAN devicesincluding CGC and external GSP units;software configurable to support SAEstandard devicesRADIO A provides power and data link to radio A** The radios are configured A or B during software installation.RADIO B provides power and data link to radio B*POWER receives source powerDIGITAL I/O provides two digital inputs for contact-closure-type devices such as foot switchesGSP provides 15-V isolated power to and twocommunications ports (A and B) for serialdevices. The A port can be RS-232 or RS-485;the B port is RS-232.ETHERNET standard 10Base-T network connection
Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual 7March 2001The five status lights on top of the Hub convey important informationto the user. The purpose of each is listed in the following table:Mobile EquipmentOptions The options available with each mobile equipment system include thefollowing:• The Hub power system can be either 12 or 24 V dc.• External multi-protocol CAN-based GSPs can be added tosupport more than the two third-party serial devices that theinternal GSP on the Hub processor board satisfies.• Future enhancements include an external unit that can providean analog/digital interface to third-party monitoring equipmentsuch as oil pressure systems.Repeater System Several repeater units are required to provide coverage in the workarea. The actual quantity is determined by the user and largely basedon MMS-conducted site surveys. The desired level of redundancy alsoimpacts the quantity used.Each repeater unit consists of the following standard components:• an environmental enclosure containing a Hub with a 1-W,DSSS, 2.4-GHz radio• an omnidirectional antenna with a 12-, 18-, or 24-foot mast• a lightning diverterOptionally, the user may select• a steel mounting base• a wheel optionTable 3 Equipment Hub Status IndicatorsStatus Light IndicationPWR Hub is receiving power from source.GPS Link with GPS is operating.RADIO A Link with radio A is operating.RADIO B Link with radio B is operating.COMM Link with mine network is operating.
8 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s ManualMarch 2001• a solar power system with backup batteries and surgeprotection• an ac-to-dc power system with surge protection• GPS capabilityA repeater with optional solar panel and wheels is configuredsimilarly to the following example:Figure 4 Example Mobile RepeaterHub Like the Hub on the mobile equipment, the repeater Hub is made ofcast aluminum that has been anodized and enameled. It is also thesame size as the mobile equipment Hub but is mounted inside anenvironmental enclosure that is 50.8 by 40.6 by 20.3 centimeters (20by 16 by 8 inches) and made of powder-coated 14-gage steel.An access door is provided on the front of this NEMA enclosure, andholes for the antenna coaxial cables and power are provided in therear. The enclosure also contains surge suppressors—on the incoming
Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual 9March 2001coaxial cables—and the ac-to-dc converter with power line protectionif power is obtained from an ac source rather than the solar panel.Figure 5 Repeater Hub Environmental EnclosureA repeater equipped with a solar panel also has backup battery power.The batteries are installed in a large environmental enclosure. Powerline protection from the solar panel to the Hub in its enclosure isprovided by surge suppressors inside a third enclosure attached to theenclosure containing the batteries.Major Circuit BoardsThe repeater Hub houses the following major components:• radio boardThe electronics on this board are identical to those on themobile system’s radio module. However, this board does nothave an integrated antenna.• processor boardThis is the identical board used in the mobile equipmentsystem.• connector boardThis board provides the connections between the internalcomponents and external devices.Closed Opened
10 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s ManualMarch 2001• location system (GPS) adapter boardThis board is present only if the repeater is equipped with theGPS option. It provides the interface between the processorboard and the GPS receiver.Connectors and IndicatorsThere are six external connectors on the front of the Hub. A decalaffixed to the top of the Hub indicates the type of connection at each.Figure 6 Repeater HubThe following table provides a brief description of each of theconnectors:RF ANTGPS ANTEXT RADIO SLIPETHERNETPOWERTable 4 Repeater Hub ConnectorsConnector DescriptionGPS ANT type TNC coaxial cable connector for GPSantennaRF ANT type N coaxial cable connector for 2.4-GHzradio antennaEXT RADIO provides connection to an external SSR if aninternal radio is not used. This connector isnormally not used.SLIP RS-232 service port for laptop connectionduring system startup, update, andtroubleshooting
Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual 11March 2001The purpose of each status light on top of the Hub is listed in thefollowing table:Repeater SystemOptions The options available with each repeater are as follows:• A steel base with three stabilizing outriggers and a support forthe antenna mast provides a means for mounting theelectronics, antenna mast, and solar-power system ifapplicable. Each outrigger has a jack stand that can bemanually adjusted to suit the level of the terrain.• A steel frame with two 15-inch wheels and a standard trailerhitch converts the fixed configuration to a mobile configuration.This frame mounts below the fixed base to which theelectronics, mast, and solar system are attached. In thisconfiguration, the repeater can be easily towed and relocated bypickup or automobile.ETHERNET fiber optic 10Base-T Ethernet connectionfrom/to base stationPOWER receives 24-V dc operating power eitherfrom solar panels or ac source through ac-to-dc converterTable 5 Repeater Hub Status IndicatorsStatus Light IndicationPWR Hub is receiving power from source.GPS GPS is operating and LED is blinking thenumber of satellites currently being tracked.LINK The 10Base-T Ethernet link is operating.LAN The 10Base-T Ethernet LAN is operating.COMM Link with data radio communicationsnetwork in mine is operating.Table 4 Repeater Hub Connectors (Continued)Connector Description
12 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s ManualMarch 2001• Solar power can be provided by way of panels, which areavailable in 150-, 200-, and 300-W power ratings. The requiredpower rating is determined by the repeater’s geographiclocation.• Power can be provided by way of an ac-to-dc converter. Whenthis option is selected, the converter and surge protection arephysically located in the NEMA enclosure with the Hub. Both50 and 60 Hz are supported as well as 100- to 120-V ac and 200-to 240-V ac ranges, which are jumper selectable. The converterrequires 1.3 amps at 100 V ac.• GPS capability to enable DISPATCH to track a relocatedrepeater.Base Station The repeater Hub is also used as the base station. In this case, theenvironmental enclosure is not used because the base station isnormally inside a building, and the antennas are mounted outside.The power source is hard wired to the Hub through an ac-to-dcconverter. A fiber optic Ethernet connection is used to isolate the basestation computers from the base station Hub, radio, and antennas.System Installationand Checkout Installation of the hardware on mine equipment consists of installingmounting brackets in predesignated locations, and then mounting theradios and Hubs to the brackets. Cables are then routed and theconnections are made and checked. Neither the Hub nor radiosrequire being opened.The repeater base and trailer require some assembly; then theantenna mast and brackets are installed. After all hardware ismounted, cable connections are made and checked.The batteries in the 24-V solar-powered repeater system are chargedby the panels until they reach 28.2 to 29.0 V, and must be charged to25.4 to 26.6 V dc before the load may be applied. When the batteriesdischarge to 22.4 to 23.6 V, the load disconnects. On a fully charged setof batteries, the repeater can continue operation without sunlight forseveral days.As each mobile equipment system and repeater system is installed,operating and application software is downloaded from a laptopthrough the Hub SLIP port. Then the RF links to the base station oranother communications node are checked to verify throughput isacceptable.
Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s Manual 13March 2001Details on installation and checkout procedures are provided in aseparate manual.User Interface The status of any and all repeaters in the system configuration can bemonitored from the DISPATCH central computer.
March 2001AAcronymsThe acronyms listed in the following table are used in this manual:Table A.1 Acronyms Used in This ManualAcronym DefinitionCAN Controller Area NetworkCGC Color Graphics ConsoleDRAM dynamic random access memoryDSSS direct sequence spread spectrumEMI electromagnetic interferenceFPGA field-programmable gate arrayGPS Global Positioning SystemGSP Generic Serial ProcessorID identificationISM Industrial, Scientific, and MedicalLVDS low-voltage differential signalMMS Modular Mining SystemsNEMA National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationPCB printed circuit boardROM read-only memorySAE Society of Automotive EngineersSSR spread spectrum radioVSMS Vital Signs Monitoring System
March 2001BRadio ModuleSpecificationsGeneralDescription The 2.4-GHz DSSS spread spectrum radio is based on the IntersilPRISM I chipset (Intersil was formally Harris). The Intersil PRISM Iinformation can be found at the following Web site:www.intersil.com/prism/ (Select PRISM I * 2 Mb/s product link.)Because MMS used the Intersil design for the radio, most of thespecifications in this appendix are directly from Intersildocumentation. However, two major areas differ and are reflected inthese specifications• MMS replaced the Intersil PA/switch chip with a new amplifierdesign and a separate antenna switch.• The radio has no MAC (Media Access Controller) chip and,instead, is controlled through a custom link with the Hub(MMS computer).MMS replaced the Intersil PA/switch chip to achieve 1 watt of outputpower (the maximum permitted by the FCC) instead of just 18 dBm.The additional power provides an increased range so that the radioscan be used in an open-pit mine with line-of-sight beingapproximately 8 miles node to node. As required by the FCC for radioswith over 20 dBm (100 mW) of power, the power setting is adjustable.The controlling link is a 22-Mb/s LVDS digital link between the radioand the Hub. The radio must be connected to the Hub, and the radioboard has a built-in antenna. As an option, MMS would like to cut theantenna off the board and use an omnidirectional antenna.MMS plans to sell approximately 2100 of the PRISM I radio designbefore exploring the PRISM II design from Intersil.
B-2 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s ManualMarch 2001FunctionalSpecifications The radio operates in the license-free 2.400- to 2.4835-GHz ISM(Industrial, Scientific, Medical) frequency band and is capable of twodata rates• DBPSK Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying 1 Mb/s• DQPSK Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying 2 Mb/sTables B.1 through B.4 list the radio module specifications:Table B.1 Radio Supply PowerSpecification Typical UnitPower Voltage Input Range (acceptable) 9–38 volts DCRadio Module Input Voltage from Hub (controlled viaHub) 24 volts DCRadio Module Power (receive mode only) 1.43 wattsRadio Module Power (full 98% TX duty cycle) 4.7 wattsRadio Module Power (typical 20% duty cycle)a2.1 wattsa. Power = 1.43 + (3.4 ∗ duty cycle) wattsTable B.2 Radio RF Performance and OperationSpecification Typical UnitOutput Power Range 2–30 dBmOutput Power Resolution (8-bit DAC) 256 stepsTX Distance Range (based on 2–30 dBm) 0.3–8.0 milesB.E.R. 1 × 10-6 bitsProcessing Gain (per 11-bit chipping code) 10.4 dBImage Rejection 80 dBAdjacent Channel Rejection >35 dBReceiver Noise Figure 7 dBChannel Noise (N=kTB where B=2 MHz despread) −110.97 dBmSignal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR-Eb/No∗ R/BT) 11.1 dBmReceiver Sensitivity (= noise floor + SNR) −92.87 dBm
Appendix B — Radio Module Specifications B-3March 2001Dynamic Range (TX power −receiver sensitivity) 122.87 dBTransmit Spectral Mask (at 1st side-lobe) −30 dBrTX & RX Data Rates Using DBPSK 1 Mb/sTX & RX Data Rates Using DQPSKa2 Mb/sChipping Code (currently is a 802.11 compatible Barker) 11 chipsKey-up (synchronization − must be at DBPSK data rate) 128 bits (& µs)Maximum Packet Sizeb1024 bytesOutput Power Resolution (8-bit DAC) 128 stepsChannels 12 —Channel Separationc5MHzIF Frequency 280 MHzLO VCO Frequency (= 2 × IF) 560 MHza. Default operation will be DQPSK.b. The 128-bit synchronization header is not counted.c. Channels start at 2412 MHz and increment in 5-MHz steps (802.11 style).Table B.2 Radio RF Performance and Operation (Continued)Specification Typical UnitTable B.3 Radio Physical SpecificationsSpecification Typical UnitOverall Module Size (L × W × H) 8.7 × 6.5 × 13.5 inchesOverall Weight 3.5 poundsBackplate (structural foam using Valox FV649) 0.75 poundsCover (Valox 357) 1.53 poundsPCB Dimensions (W × H) 6.5 X 9.6 inchesPCB Construction – 0.093" FR4 6 layer —Operational Temperature Range −30 to +60 Celsius
B-4 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s ManualMarch 2001FCC Items To pass FCC regulations, the radio must pass a stringent set ofstandards set forth in the following document:FCC Title 47 part 15, in particular the following sections:• section 203 – antenna requirement• section 209 – radiated emissions outside of band (general)• section 247 – operation within band (all aspects)• section 249 – operation within band (field strength)The following table presents several key test parameters that havebeen verified:Table B.4 Radio Antenna PerformanceSpecification Typical UnitAntenna Type = Integrated Quad Vivaldi on FR4 — —AZ 3-dB Beam width 190 degreesEL 3-dB Beam width 28 degreesGain 6 dBFeed Structure Losses (0.3 dB per inch on 0.030" FR4) 1.5 dBTable B.5 Verified FCC Test ParametersParameter Typical UnitSpectral Sideband Suppression 30 dBrMax Antenna Gain 6 dBMax Transmit Power 30 dBmOutside of Frequency Band Emissions Attenuation ≥50 dB
Appendix B — Radio Module Specifications B-5March 2001ChannelDefinitions The channel selection is identical to the 802.11 standard, which is asfollows:See the “DSSS Channels and Regulations” section for detail.Table B.6 Channel DefinitionsChannelaa. Each channel has a 17-MHz bandwidth.OnboardRF VCObb. The onboard RF VCO output is alwaysthe Transmit Freq − IF Freq (280 MHz).TransmitFrequency1 2132 MHz 2412 MHz2 2137 MHz 2417 MHz3 2142 MHz 2422 MHz4 2147 MHz 2427 MHz5 2152 MHz 2432 MHz6 2157 MHz 2437 MHz7 2162 MHz 2442 MHz8 2167 MHz 2447 MHz9 2172 MHz 2452 MHz10 2177 MHz 2457 MHz11 2182 MHz 2462 MHzJapan 2204 MHz 2484 MHz
B-6 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s ManualMarch 2001Power andDistance The following table and diagram show data pertaining to the poweroutput versus gain control input:Table B.7 Power vs. RangeSettingDAC PowerdBm PowermW RangeMiles Rangekm0 3.85 2.43 0.39 0.6310 5.70 3.72 0.49 0.7820 8.01 6.32 0.64 1.0230 10.49 11.19 0.85 1.3640 12.67 18.50 1.09 1.7550 14.81 30.29 1.39 2.2460 16.47 44.38 1.69 2.7170 18.45 70.01 2.12 3.4180 19.99 99.81 2.53 4.0790 21.53 142.12 3.02 4.85100 22.84 192.16 3.51 5.64120 25.06 320.63 4.53 7.29140 26.68 465.94 5.46 8.79160 27.71 590.43 6.15 9.89180 28.48 705.23 6.72 10.81200 29.04 801.99 7.16 11.53220 29.47 884.78 7.52 12.11240 29.78 950.97 7.80 12.55255 30.00 1000.00 8.00 12.87
Appendix B — Radio Module Specifications B-7March 2001
B-8 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s ManualMarch 2001Photographs As shown in the following photograph, the radio is basically aPRISM I chipset with a 1-watt amplifier and a power supply. TheFPGA controls the radio by way of the digital serial link from the Hubcomputer.The following photograph shows the radio with its plastic cover on.
Appendix B — Radio Module Specifications B-9March 2001DSSS Channels andRegulations The following diagram and table show frequency band allocation:USA: ISM Band 2400-2483.5 MHz (Same for Europe – ETSI)Power 1 watt maximum (30 dBm)Directivity 6 dB antenna gain maximumJAPAN: ISM Band 2471 – 2497 MHzPower 10 mW / MHzNote: The microwave oven operates at 2.43 GHz. Also, the two other ISMbands in the U.S.A. are 902–928 MHz and 5725–5850 MHz.Table B.8 Frequency Band AllocationChannelID Frequency(MHz)Regulatory DomainsX'10'FCC X'20'IC X'30'ETSI X'31'Spain X'32'France X'40'MKK1 2412 X X X - - -2 2417 X X X - - -3 2422 X X X - - -4 2427 X X X - - -5 2432 X X X - - -6 2437 X X X - - -0Radio Module Specifications
B-10 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s ManualMarch 20017 2442 X X X - - -8 2447 X X X - - -9 2452 X X X - - -10 2457 X X X X X -11 2562 X X X X X -12 2467 - - X - X -13 2472 - - X - X -14 2484 - - - - - XTable B.8 Frequency Band Allocation (Continued)ChannelID Frequency(MHz)Regulatory DomainsX'10'FCC X'20'IC X'30'ETSI X'31'Spain X'32'France X'40'MKK
Appendix B — Radio Module Specifications B-11March 2001EL AntennaPatternAntenna Parameters:Plot File polar_data_74E_5ea.MCDTitle Quad Element VivaldiRadius 1.45"Separation 2.400" per element (1/2 λ)Element Gap 0.100"Element 2.300"0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240250260 270 28029030031032033034035017.51410.573.5017.50tiθi
B-12 Spread Spectrum Radio System User’s ManualMarch 2001AZ AntennaPatternAntenna Parameters:Plot File polar_data_74H.MCDTitle Quad Element VivaldiRadius 1.45"Separation 2.400" per element (1/2 λ)Element Gap 0.100"Element 2.300"0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240250260 270 28029030031032033034035017.51410.573.5017.50tiθi
Revision HistoryRevision Date Comments— March 2001 First issue

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