Furuno USA 9ZWRTR086 MARINE RADAR User Manual

Furuno USA Inc MARINE RADAR

USERS MANUAL

MARINE RADARFR-8062, FR-8122, FR-8252
iSAFETY INSTRUCTIONSWARNINGRadio Frequency Radiation HazardThe radar antenna emits electromagnetic radio frequency (RF) energy which can beharmful, particularly to your eyes. Never look directly into the antenna aperture from aclose distance while the radar is in operation or expose yourself to the transmittingantenna at a close distance.Distances at which RF radiation levels of 100 and 10 W/m2 exist are given in the tablebelow.Note: If the antenna unit is installed at a close distance in front of the wheel house,your administration may require halt of transmission within a certain sector of antennarevolution. This is possible. Ask your FURUNO representative or dealer to providethis feature.MODEL Distance to100 W/m2pointDistance to10 W/m2pointFR-8062NilWorst case2.50 mWorst case2.30 mXN-12AXN-13AXN-12AXN-13AWorst case0.50 mWorst case0.30 mWorst case7.50 mWorst case7.00 mFR-8122XN-12AXN-13AWorst case0.80 mWorst case0.70 mWorst case9.50 mWorst case9.00 mFR-8252
iiWARNINGELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARDDo not open the equipment.Only qualified personnelshould work inside theequipment.Turn off the radar powerswitch before servicing the antenna unit. Post a warn-ing sign near the switchindicating it should not beturned on while the antennaunit is being serviced.Prevent the potential risk ofbeing struck by the rotatingantenna and exposure to RF radiation hazard.Wear a safety belt and hardhat when working on the antenna unit.Serious injury or death canresult if someone falls fromthe radar antenna mast.Do not disassemble or modify theequipment.Fire, electrical shock or serious injury canresult.Turn off the power immediately if waterleaks into the equipment or the equip-ment is emitting smoke or fire.Continued use of the equipment can causefire or electrical shock.WARNINGUse the proper fuse.Fuse rating is shown on the equipment.Use of a wrong fuse can result in damageto the equipment.Keep heater away from equipment.Heat can alter equipment shape and meltthe power cord, which can cause fire orelectrical shock.Do not place liquid-filled containers onthe top of the equipment.Fire or electrical shock can result if a liquidspills into the equipment.Do not operate the equipment with wethands.Electrical shock can result.
iiiWARNINGWARNINGNo one navigational aid should be relied upon for the safety of vessel and crew.The navigator has the responsibility tocheck all aids available to confirmposition. Electronic aids are nota substitute for basic navigationalprinciples and common sense.• This ARP automatically tracks automatically or manually acquired radar targets and calculates their courses and speeds, indicating them by vectors. Since the data generated by the auto plotter are based on what radar targets are selected, the radar must always be optimally tuned for use with the auto plotter, to ensure required targets will not be lost or unwanted targets such as sea returns and noise will not be acquired and tracked.• A target does not always mean a land- mass, reef, ships or other surface vessels but can imply returns from sea surface and clutter. As the level of clutter changes with environment, the operator should properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and GAIN controls to be sure target echoes are not eliminated from the radar screen. CAUTIONThe plotting accuracy and response ofthis ARP meets IMO standards.Tracking accuracy is affected by thefollowing:• Tracking accuracy is affected by course change. One to two minutes is required to restore vectors to full accuracy after an abrupt course change. (The actual amount depends on gyrocompass specifications.)• The amount of tracking delay is inversely proportional to the relative speed of the target. Delay is on the order of 15—30 seconds for high relative speed; 30—60 seconds for low relative speed.The data generated by ARP, AIS andvideo plotter are intended forreference only.Refer to official nautical charts for detailed and up-to-date information.
ivWARNINGTo avoid electrical shock, do not remove cover. No user-serviceable parts inside.WARNING LABELWarning labels are attached to the equipment. Do not remove any label.If a label is missing or damaged,contact a FURUNO agent or dealerabout replacement.WARNINGARNINGRadiation hazard. Only qualified personnel should work inside scanner.Confirm that TX has stopped beforeopening scanner.DISPLAY UNITName: Warning Label (1)Type: 86-003-1011-0Code No.: 100-236-230ANTENNA UNITName: Radiation Warning LabelType: 03-142-3201-0Code No.: 100-266-890TFT LCDThe high quality TFT (Thin Film Transistor)LCD displays 99.999% of its picture ele-ments. The remaining 0.01% may drop outor light, however this is an inherent propertyof the LCD; it is not a sign of malfunction.
vTABLE OF CONTENTSFOREWORD...............................................................................................ixSYSTEM CONFIGURATION ......................................................................xi1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW..............................................................1-11.1 Controls .....................................................................................................................1-11.2 Turning the Radar On/Off, Transmitting ....................................................................1-41.3 Display Indications.....................................................................................................1-51.4 Display Brilliance, Panel Dimmer ..............................................................................1-61.5 Menu Overview..........................................................................................................1-61.6 Tuning........................................................................................................................1-71.7 Presentation Modes...................................................................................................1-81.8 Choosing a Range Scale.........................................................................................1-101.9 Choosing a Pulse Length ........................................................................................1-111.10 Adjusting the Sensitivity...........................................................................................1-111.11 Suppressing Sea Clutter..........................................................................................1-121.12 Suppressing Rain Clutter.........................................................................................1-131.13 Automatic Suppression of Sea and Rain Clutters ...................................................1-141.14 Cursor......................................................................................................................1-151.15 Interference Rejector...............................................................................................1-161.16 Measuring the Range to a Target............................................................................1-171.17 Measuring the Bearing to a Target..........................................................................1-191.18 Measuring the Range and Bearing Between Two Targets......................................1-201.19 Target Alarm............................................................................................................1-211.20 Off Centering the Display ........................................................................................1-241.21 Zoom .......................................................................................................................1-251.22 Echo Stretch............................................................................................................1-261.23 Echo Averaging .......................................................................................................1-271.24 Target Trails ............................................................................................................1-281.25 Parallel Index Lines .................................................................................................1-311.26 Outputting Target Position, Inscribing Origin Mark..................................................1-321.27 Temporarily Hiding the Heading Line, Heading Marker...........................................1-331.28 Custom Setup..........................................................................................................1-341.29 Programming Function Keys (F1 and F2 keys) .......................................................1-361.30 Noise Rejector.........................................................................................................1-361.31 Suppressing Second-trace Echoes .........................................................................1-371.32 Watchman ...............................................................................................................1-371.33 Color Schemes........................................................................................................1-381.34 Navigation Data.......................................................................................................1-391.35 Dynamic Range .......................................................................................................1-411.36 Characteristics Curve ..............................................................................................1-421.37 Antenna Speed........................................................................................................1-421.38 Waypoint Mark.........................................................................................................1-431.39 Alarm Message Display...........................................................................................1-441.40 Echo Area................................................................................................................1-451.41 Customizing (Initial Menu) .......................................................................................1-462. RADAR OBSERVATION ....................................................................2-12.1 General......................................................................................................................2-12.2 False Echoes.............................................................................................................2-32.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder).................................................................2-52.4 RACON......................................................................................................................2-6
vi3. ARP OPERATION .............................................................................. 3-13.1 Usage Precautions....................................................................................................3-13.2 Controls for Use with ARP ........................................................................................3-23.3 ARP Display On/Off ..................................................................................................3-23.4 Acquiring and Tracking Targets ................................................................................3-33.5 Terminating Tracking of ARP Targets.......................................................................3-43.6 Vector Attributes........................................................................................................3-53.7 History Display (target past position) ........................................................................3-63.8 ARP Target Data.......................................................................................................3-73.9 CPA and TCPA Alarm...............................................................................................3-83.10 Proximity Alarm .........................................................................................................3-93.11 Lost Target ................................................................................................................3-93.12 Symbol Color...........................................................................................................3-104. AIS OPERATION................................................................................ 4-14.1 Controls for Use with AIS.........................................................................................4-14.2 Activating, Deactivating the AIS Function .................................................................4-14.3 Turning the AIS Display On or Off.............................................................................4-24.4 AIS Symbols..............................................................................................................4-24.5 Activating Targets .....................................................................................................4-24.6 Displaying AIS Target Data.......................................................................................4-34.7 Display Range...........................................................................................................4-44.8 Sorting Targets..........................................................................................................4-44.9 Display Sector...........................................................................................................4-54.10 Number of Targets to Display ...................................................................................4-54.11 Vector Attributes........................................................................................................4-64.12 History Display (target past position) ........................................................................4-74.13 CPA and TCPA Alarm...............................................................................................4-84.14 Proximity Alarm .........................................................................................................4-94.15 Lost Target ................................................................................................................4-94.16 Symbol Color...........................................................................................................4-105. GPS OPERATION .............................................................................. 5-15.1 Navigator Type..........................................................................................................5-15.2 Datum........................................................................................................................5-25.3 WAAS Setup .............................................................................................................5-25.4 Satellite Monitor ........................................................................................................5-35.5 Type 16 Message......................................................................................................5-45.6 GPS Sensor Installation Position Offset....................................................................5-55.7 Cold Start ..................................................................................................................5-66. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING ........................................ 6-16.1 Preventive Maintenance............................................................................................6-26.2 Replacement of Fuses ..............................................................................................6-36.3 Replacing the Magnetron..........................................................................................6-36.4 Trackball Maintenance ..............................................................................................6-46.5 SImple Troubleshooting ............................................................................................6-56.6 Advanced-level Troubleshooting...............................................................................6-66.7 System Test ..............................................................................................................6-86.8 LCD Test .................................................................................................................6-106.9 GPS Test.................................................................................................................6-116.10 Clearing the Memory............................................................................................... 6-12SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................. SP-1INDEX......................................................................................................IN-1
viiFOREWORDA Word to the Owner of the FR-8xx2 Marine Radar FURUNO Electric Company thanks you for purchasing the FR-8xx2 Color LCD Marine Radar se-ries. We are confident you will discover why the FURUNO name has become synonymous with quality and reliability.For over 50 years FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for quality and reliability throughout the world. This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global network of agents and dealers.Your equipment is designed and constructed to meet the rigorous demands of the marine envi-ronment. However, no machine can perform its intended function unless properly installed and maintained. Please carefully read and follow the operation and maintenance procedures set forth in this manual.We would appreciate feedback from you, the end-user, about whether we are achieving our pur-poses.Thank you for considering and purchasing FURUNO.FeaturesThe FR-8xx2 series display radar targets on a bright 12.1" color LCD. Operation is simplified with the combination of discrete keys and trackball.The main features are as follows:• The FR-8xx2 series consists of the following models:• Bright 12.1" LCD visible even under direct sunlight• User-friendly operation with combination of discrete keys, soft keys, and trackball• Antenna speed may be automatically selected according to pulse length or speed• Built in ARP optionally available• AIS data shown with connection of AIS transponder• User programmable function keys• One touch setup of major controls with custom setup feature• Echoes in yellow or green or colors of red, yellow or green in order of descending strength.Model, output, max, range, antenna typeModel Output Range Radar AntennaFR-8062 4.9 kW 72 nm/sm, 96 km 4 or 6 ft radiatorFR-8122 12 kW 72 nm/sm, 96 km 4 or 6 ft radiatorFR-8252 25 kW 96 nm/km/sm 4 or 6 ft radiator
viiiNotice• No part of this manual may be copied or reproduced without written permission.• This manual is lost or worn, contact your dealer about replacement.• The contents of this manual and equipment specifications are subject to change without notice.• The example screens (or illustrations) shown in this manual may not match the screens you see on your display. The screen you see depends on your system configuration and equip-ment settings.• This manual is intended for use by native speakers of English.• FURUNO will assume no responsibility for the damage caused by improper use or modifica-tion of the equipment or claims of loss of profit by a third party.
ixSYSTEM CONFIGURATIONFR-8062/8122ANTENNA UNITRSB-0070-085-XN12A/XN13A: FR-8062RSB-0073-085-XN12A/XN13A: FR-8062RSB-0073-086-XN12A/XN13A: FR-8122DISPLAY UNITRDP-150Auto PlotterARP-11(built indisplay unit)RectifierRU-3423100/110/115/220/230 VAC, 1φ12-24 VDCRemoteDisplaySVGAMonitorGyroConverterAD-100Heading SensorPG-1000NMEADEVICENMEADEVICEExternalBuzzerOP03-136: Optional equipmentGyrocompassCategory of unitsAntenna unit: Exposed to weatherAll other units: Protected from weather
xFR-8252ANTENNA UNITRSB-0073-087-XN12A/XN13APOWER SUPPLY UNITPSU-008Auto PlotterARP-11(built indisplay unit)RectifierRU-342312-24 VDCRemoteDisplaySVGAMonitorGyroConverterAD-100Heading SensorPG-1000NMEADEVICENMEADEVICEExternalBuzzerOP03-136: Optional equipment100/110/115/220/230 VAC, 1φGyrocompassCategory of unitsAntenna unit: Exposed to weatherAll other units: Protected from weatherDISPLAY UNITRDP-150
1-11. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEWThis chapter provides the information necessary for operating this radar.1.1 Controls1.1.1 Display unitThis radar is operated with the controls of the display unit (and the remote controller). 17 keys are labeled and they provide the function shown on their labels. The trackball's main function is to move the cursor across the screen. When you correctly execute an operation, the unit generates a beep. Invalid operation causes the unit to emit several beeps.Display unitENTERTARGETALARMCANCELHL OFFTLLMENUEBLZOOM OFFCENTERTRAILSVRMF1F2PUSH AUTO/MANPUSH AUTO/MANPUSH AUTO/MANSTBYTXMODECUSTOM+RANGE-POWERBRILLGAINSEARAIN
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-2Control descriptionControl DescriptionPOWER/BRILL Momentary press: Turns power on; adjusts brilliance.Long press: Turns power off.STBY/TX Ttransmits radar pulses and places radar in standby alternately.MODE Chooses presentation mode.CUSTOM Presets radar controls for one-touch setup of radar.RANGE Chooses radar range.ZOOM Zooms chosen target.TARGET ALARM Sets target alarm, which watches for targets entering or exiting the user-set alarm zone.EBL Measures bearing to a radar target.MENU Open/closes the menu.ENTER Registers chosen menu option; acquires ARP target; displays data of selected ARP or AIS target.GAIN Adjusts the sensitivity of the radar receiver.SEA Suppresses sea clutter.RAIN Suppresses rain clutter.F1, F2 Programmable function keys.OFF CENTER Shifts own ship position.TRAILS Plots radar echo movement.VRM Measure range to a radar target.TLL Outputs position of chosen target to navigation plotter or inscribes mark at cursor location, or both.CANCEL/HL OFF Cancels last entry in menu operation; temporarily erases heading line; cancels tracking of ARP target; removes data of selected ARP or AIS target from data box; goes back one “layer” in multi-layer menu.Trackball Chooses menu items; shifts display and cursor.
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-31.1.2 Remote controllerThe remote controller provides armchair control over transmit, standby, rante and display offcen-tering.Remote controllerChooses range.OFFCENTER STBYTXRANGEToggles STBY/TXOffcenters display.
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-41.2 Turning the Radar On/Off, TransmittingPress the POWER/BRILL key at the upper right-hand corner of the control panel to turn on the radar on. Press and hold down the key until the screen turns black to turn the radar off. At power-up the start-up screen appears as shown right. The model name and program number are shown and the ROM and RAM are tested. If "NG" appears as the results of the ROM and RAM tests, try pressing any key to proceed. If normal operation is not possible, contact your dealer for advice. After the tests are completed, the bearing scale and a digital timer appear. The digital timer counts down the time remaining to warm up the magnetron, which transmits the radar pulses. This warm-up takes 90 sec. (FR-8252) or 180 sec. (FR-8062, FR-8122). Start-up screenAfter the timer has counted down to 0:00, the indication STBY appears at the screen center, meaning the radar is now ready to transmit radar pulses. Press the STBY/TX key to transmit radar pulses. The STBY/TX key toggles between stand-by and transmit status. The antenna rotates in transmit condition and is stopped in standby. Because the magnetron ages with use it is highly recom-mended to set the radar in standby when it will not be required for an extended period of time. This will help extend the life of the magnetron. Quick startProvided that the radar was once in use with the transmitter tube (magnetron) still warm, you can get the radar into TRANSMIT condition without the warm-up. If the POWER/BRILL key was turned off by mistake or the like and you wish to restart the radar promptly, turn on the POWER/BRILL key not later than 10 seconds after power-off. This feature is not available with the FR-8252.12.1" Color LCDMarine Radar FR-8xx2 FURUNO ELECTRIC CO., LTD.ROM: OK RAM: OK Program No. 0317010-XX.XXModel name appears here.
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-51.3 Display IndicationsDisplay indicationsNote: The screen configuration, chosen during the installation, is available in three types, “Sea”, “River” and “IEC”, and the default config-uration is “Sea”. The majority of the descrip-tions in this manual use the “Sea” configuration. The major difference between the Sea, River and IEC configurations is the bearing scale - it is elliptical on the Sea and River types and cir-cular on the IEC type.EBL1VRM1HeadingRange ringOWN LAT: 34°56.123 ESHIP LON: 135°34.567 E SPEED 12.34 ktCURSOR LAT: 34°56.123 E LON: 135°34.567 E TTG: 01:00TEMP 12.3°CDEPTH 56.7 MWAY 0.095 NMPOINT 90.0° M TTG: 00:20Nav data: Appears at screen bottom when Data Box in the Display sub menu is set to "Nav" or "All". Appropriate sensorsrequired to display nav data.359.9° M+ 242.8°R 2.782 NM Cursor data(Range and bearing or L/L position)+VRM2EBL2Bearing scaleHeading linePresentation modeRange ring intervalCustom settingsRangePulse length Echo stretch (ES),Echo averaging (EAV)Noise rejector (NR),Interference rejector (IR)3NMSP NUP ES1 EAV1 NR LOWIR LOWHARBOR A/C AUTO0.5ZoomTUNE AUTOGAIN AUTOSEA MEDRAIN LOWTUNE indicatorGAIN indicatorSEA indicatorRAIN indicator2ND ECHOZOOM2nd echo rejector ALARM1_IN ALARM2_OUTVRM2 0.742NMAlarm statusVRM1, VRM2rangeVRM1>1.430<NM<TRAILS (T)01H30M00S EBL2 045.0°RTrail ref.,Trail timeEBL1, EBL2bearingEBL1>270.0°R<+Cursor+Zoom cursorZoomwindow000 030060090120150180210240270300330Bearing scale for Sea andRiver configurations Bearing scale forIEC configuration
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-61.4 Display Brilliance, Panel DimmerThe display brilliance and panel dimmer may be adjusted as follows:1. Press the POWER/BRILL key momentarily to show the brilliance/panel dialog box.Brilliance/panel dimmer dialog box 2. Roll the trackball upward or downward to choose Brill or Panel, whichever you wish to adjust.3. Roll the trackball rightward or leftward to adjust. (You may also use the POWER/BRILL key.)4. Press the MENU key to close the window.1.5 Menu OverviewLess-often used functions are controlled through the menu, which consists of 14 menus and 3 sub menus. Use the trackball to choose item and option as below.1. Press the MENU key to display the menu.Menu2. Roll the trackball to choose a menu or sub menu. As you roll the trackball, the highlight in the Menu column indicates menu currently selected and the menu items change according to the menu selected.3. Press the ENTER key to enable operation from chosen menu. W Min Max X Brill (1 - 15) 9 9 Panel (1 - 7) 7 [ENTER]: Close STSystemGPSBrill/ColorEchoMarkTarget TrailsCustom 1 DisplayCustom 2Custom 3 TargetARPAISManual TuneAuto Rain TunePulse Length Auto Gain Auto Sea Echo StretchEcho Average:Auto:Short:1:Off:Rough:Calm:ModerateAuto Anti Clutter Display-DynamicDisplay-CurveNoise Rejector Interference Rejector 2nd Echo Rejector:Normal:1:Off::Off:OffMenuMenuEchoEchoMenusMenu itemsand optionsCurrently selected menuMenu locationindicatorS/T / W/X: Select[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back[MENU]: Exit
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-74. Roll the trackball to choose the menu item desired and then press the ENTER key. A window with options for the corresponding menu item appears. For example, the window below shows the options for Trail Color in the Target Trails menu.Target trails color options5. Roll the trackball upward or downward to choose appropriate option.6. Press the ENTER key to save your selection.7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.Note: The menus on the IEC-type radar close automatically when there is no menu operation for 10 seconds, as per IEC regulations. The following menus and screens however are exempt from this rule: Alarm message, GPS self test, Satellite monitor, TYPE 16 message, Diagnostic, LCD pattern, and Tune initial adjust. Menus do not close automatically in the “River” or “Sea” configu-ration.1.6 TuningThe radar receiver can be tuned automatically or manually, and the default tuning method is auto-matic. If you require manual tuning, do the following:1. Use the RANGE key to choose the 48-mile range.2. Press the MENU key to display the main menu.3. Use the trackball to choose Echo and then press the ENTER key.4. Use the trackball to choose Tune Mode and then press the ENTER key. Tuning options5. Choose Manual and then press the ENTER key.6. Choose Manual Tune and then push the ENTER key. The window shown below appears.7. Roll the trackball upward or downward to adjust the tuning, watching the tuning bar at the top right corner. he best tuning point is where the bar graph swings maximum. The vertical bar on the bar graph shows tuning control position; not the tuning condition. Tuning indicator8. Push the ENTER key to finish.9. Press the MENU key to close the menu.GreenRedBlueWhiteBlackAutoManual2048(0-4095)TUNE MANLGAIN AUTO SEA MANLRAIN AUTOTuning method (Manual) Tuning bar
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-81.7 Presentation ModesThis radar has the following presentation modes:Relative Motion (RM)Head-up: UnstabilizedHead-up TB: Head-up with compass-stabilized bearing scale (True Bearing) where bearing scale rotates with the compass reading.Course-up: Compass-stabilized relative to ship's orientation at the time of electing course-up.North-up: Compass-stabilized with reference to northTrue Motion (TM)North-up: Ground or sea stabilized with compass and speed inputs1.7.1 Choosing presentation modePress the MODE key consecutively to choose presentation mode desired. The presentation mode in use appears at the top left corner on the screen.NOTICE - Loss of gyrocompass signal: When the compass signal is lost, "HEADING" appears in red at the gyro readout, the presentation mode automatically becomes head-up, all ARP and AIS targets and map or chart are erased. After restoring the compass signal, choose the presen-tation mode with the MODE key.1.7.2 Description of presentation modesHead-up modeThe head-up mode is a display in which the line connecting own ship and the top of the display indicates own ship's heading.The target pips are painted at their measured distances and in their directions relative to own ship's heading.A short line on the bearing scale is the north marker indi-cating heading sensor north. A failure of the heading sensor input will cause the north marker to disappear and the readout to show ***.* and the message SIGNAL MISSING appears in red at the lower-right corner of the screen.Heading LineNorth Marker
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-9Course-up modeThe course-up mode is an azimuth stabilized dis-play in which a line connecting the center with the top of the display indicates own ship's intended course (namely, own ship's previous heading just before this mode has been selected).Target pips are painted at their measured dis-tances and in their directions relative to the intended course, which is maintained at the 0-degree position. The heading line moves in accor-dance with ship's yawing and course change. This mode is useful to avoid smearing of picture during course change. Head-up TB (True Bearing) modeRadar echoes are shown in the same way as in the head-up mode. The difference from normal head-up presentation lies in the orientation of the bearing scale. The bearing scale is heading sensor stabilized. That is, it rotates in accordance with the heading sensor signal, enabling you to know own ship's heading at a glance.This mode is available when the radar is interfaced with a gyro heading sensor.If the gyro heading sensor fails, the bearing scale returns to the state of head-up mode.North-up modeThe north-up mode paints target pips at their measured dis-tances and in their true (heading sensor) directions from own ship, north bearing maintained at the top of the screen. The heading line changes its direction according to the ship's heading. Requires heading signal.If the compass fails, the presentation mode changes to head-up and the north marker disappears. Also, the HDG indication shows ***.*. And the message “SIGNAL MISSING HEADING” appears in red at the lower-right corner of the screen.Heading LineNorth MarkerHeading LineNorth Marker
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-10True motion modeOwn ship and other moving objects move in accordance with their true courses and speed. In ground stabilized TM, all fixed targets, such as landmasses, appear as stationary echoes. In the sea stabilized TM without set and drift inputs, the landmass can move on the screen. Note that true motion is not available on the 72 nm or 96 nm range scale. When own ship reaches a point corresponding to 50% of the radius of the display, own ship position is automatically reset to a point of 75% radius opposite to the extension of the heading line passing through the display center. You may also reset the own ship symbol manually by pressing the OFFCENTER key. If the heading sensor fails, the mode is changed to the head-up and the north marker disappears. The HDG readout shows ***.* and the message “SIGNAL MISSING HEADING” appears.Automatic resetting of own ship mark in true motion mode1.8 Choosing a Range ScaleThe selected range scale, range ring interval and pulse length are shown at the upper left corner on the screen. When a target of interest comes closer, reduce the range scale so that it appears in 50-90% of the display radius.Use the RANGE key to choose range desired. Hit the "+" part of the key to raise the range; the "-" part to lower the range.Heading LineNorth Marker000 010 020 030040050060070080090100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240250260270280290300310320330 340 350 000 010 020 030040050060070080090100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240250260270280290300310320330 340 350HeadinglineNorthmarker 000 010 020 030040050060070080090100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240250260270280290300310320330 340 350(a) True motionis selected (b) Own ship has reached apoint 75% of display radius (c) Own ship is automaticallyreset to 75% of radius
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-111.9 Choosing a Pulse LengthThe pulse length in use appears at the top left position on the screen. Appropriate pulse lengths are preset to individual range scales and functions keys. If you are not satisfied with the pulse length setting on the 1.5 nm or 3 nm range, you may change it as below.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Use the trackball to choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.3. Use the trackball to choose Pulse Length and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose Short or Long as appropriate and then press the ENTER key. 5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.10 Adjusting the Gain (sensitivity)The GAIN control adjusts the sensitivity of the receiver. The proper setting is such that the back-ground noise is just visible on the screen. If you set up for too little sensitivity, weak echoes may be missed. On the other hand excessive sensitivity yields too much background noise; strong tar-gets may be missed because of the poor contrast between desired echoes and the background noise on the display.1.10.1 Choosing gain adjustment methodGain may be adjusted automatically or manually. Push the GAIN control to choose automatic or manual adjustment alternately. The adjustment method currently chosen is show at the top right corner of the screen. In the example below the adjustment method is “AUTO”.Gain adjustment method indicator1.10.2 Automatic gain adjustment1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Echo menumenu and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Auto Gain and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose the sea condition which best matches the auto gain options.5. Press the ENTER key followed by the MENU key to close the menu.ShortLongTUNE MANLGAIN AUTO SEA MANLRAIN AUTOGain adjustment method (AUTO)RoughModerateCalm
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-121.10.3 Manual gain adjustment1. Push the GAIN control to show “GAIN MANL” as the gain adjustment method.2. Rotate the GAIN control to adjust the gain. Adjust the control so background noise is just visible on the screen. 1.11 Suppressing Sea ClutterEchoes from waves cover the central part of the display with random signals known as sea clutter. The higher the waves, and the higher the antenna above the water, the further the clutter will extend. When sea clutter masks the picture, use the SEA control to suppress the clutter, either manually or automatically.1.11.1 Choosing sea clutter adjustment methodSea clutter may be adjusted automatically or manually. Push the SEA control to choose automatic or manual adjustment alternately. The adjustment method currently chosen is show at the top right corner of the screen. In the example below the sea clutter adjustment method is “MANL” (manual).”SEA indicator1.11.2 Automatic sea clutter adjustment1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Auto Sea and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose the sea condition which best matches the Auto Sea options.5. Press the ENTER key followed by the MENU key to close the menu.TUNE MANLGAIN AUTO SEA MANLRAIN AUTOSEA adjustment method (MANUAL)RoughModerateCalm
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-131.11.3 Manual sea clutter adjustment1. Push the SEA control to show “SEA MANL” as the SEA adjustment method.2. Rotate the SEA control to suppress sea clutter. The proper setting of the SEA control should be such that the clutter is broken up into small dots, and small targets become distinguishable. If the setting is set too low, targets will be hidden in the clutter, while if the setting is too high, both sea clutter and targets will disappear from the display. In most cases adjust the control until clutter has disappeared to leeward, but a little is still visible windward.How to adjust the SEA control1.12 Suppressing Rain ClutterThe vertical beamwidth of the scanner is designed to see surface targets even when the ship is rolling. However, by this design the unit will also detect rain clutter (rain, snow, or hail) in the same manner as normal targets. The RAIN control adjusts the receiver sensitivity as the SEA control does but rather in a longer time period (longer range). The higher the setting the greater the anti-clutter effect. When echoes from precipitation mask solid targets, adjust the control to split up these unwanted echoes into a speckled pattern, making recognition of solid targets easier.1.12.1 Choosing rain clutter adjustment methodRain clutter may be adjusted automatically or manually. Push the RAIN control to choose auto-matic or manual adjustment alternately. The adjustment method currently chosen is show at the top right corner of the screen. In the example below the adjustment method is “AUTO.”RAIN indicatorSEA adjusted;sea clutter suppressedSea clutter atscreen centerTUNE MANLGAIN AUTO SEA MANLRAIN AUTORAIN adjustment method (AUTO)
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-141.12.2 Automatic rain clutter adjustment1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Auto Rain and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose the sea condition which best matches the Auto Rain options.5. Press the ENTER key followed by the MENU key to close the menu.1.12.3 Manual rain clutter adjustment1. Push the A/C RAIN control to show “RAIN MANL” as the RAIN adjustment method.2. Rotate the A/C RAIN control to suppress the rain clutter. How to adjust the A/C RAIN control1.13 Automatic Suppression of Sea and Rain CluttersBoth sea and rain clutters may be adjusted automatically. When this feature is active it overrides the SEA and RAIN controls.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Auto Anti Clutter and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose Off or On as appropriate.5. Press the ENTER key followed by the MENU key to close the menu.RoughModerateCalm Rain clutter at RAIN control adjusted screen centerOffOn
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-151.14 CursorThe cursor functions to fthe range and bearing to a target or latititude and longitude position of a target, and the default function is range and bearing. Roll the trackball to position the cursor and then read cursor data at the screen bottom.Cursor data1.14.1 Cursor dataCursor data can be shown as latitude and longitude or range and bearing to the cursor.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Mark menu and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Brg/Rng or Lat/Long as appropriate.4. Press the ENTER key followed by the MENU key to close the menu.Cursor data(L/L or range and bearing)+ 110.1°R 2.525 NM +3NM0.5 Cursor+
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-161.15 Interference RejectorMutual radar interference may occur in the vicinity of another shipborne radar operating in the same frequency band. It is seen on the screen as a number of bright spikes either in irregular pat-terns or in the form of usually curved spoke-like dotted lines extending from the center to the edge of the picture. Activating the interference rejector circuit can reduce this type of interference.The interference rejector is a kind of signal correlation circuit. It compares the received signals over successive transmissions and suppresses randomly occurring signals. There are three levels of interference rejection depending on the number of transmissions that are correlated. Interference1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Interference Rejector and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose Off, Low, Med or High as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.Be sure to turn off the interference rejector when no interference exists so as not to miss small targets.OffLowMedHigh
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-171.16 Measuring the Range to a TargetThe range to a target may be measured three ways: with the fixed range rings, with the cursor (if set to measure range and bearing), or with the VRM. Use the fixed range rings to obtain a rough estimate of the range to a target. They are the concen-tric solid circles about own ship, or the sweep origin. The number of rings is automatically deter-mined by the selected range scale and their interval is displayed at the upper-left position of the screen. Count the number of rings between the center of the display and the target. Check the range ring interval and judge the distance of the echo from the inner edge of the nearest ring. 1.16.1 Adjusting range ring brilliance1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Brill/Color menu and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Range Rings Brill and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose appropriate brilliance and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.16.2 Measuring range by the variable range marker (VRM)There are two VRMs, No. 1 and No. 2, which appear as dashed rings so that you can discriminate them from the fixed range rings. The two VRMs can be distinguished from each other by different lengths of dashes.1. Press the VRM key to display either of the VRMs. Successively pressing the VRM key toggles the active VRM between No. 1 and No. 2. The currently active marker is enclosed with >.....<.2. Operate the Trackball to align the active variable range marker with the inner edge of the target of interest and read its distance at the lower-right corner of the screen. Each VRM remains at the same geographical distance when you operate the RANGE key. This means that the apparent radius of the VRM ring changes in proportion to the selected range scale.3. Press the VRM key to erase each VRM.OffLowMediumHighVRM1+ 96.8°R 0.338 NM VRM2 0.140NMVRM1, VRM2rangeVRM1>0.007NM<+VRM2TargetHow to measure range with VRMs
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-181.16.3 Choosing VRM unitThe unit of measurement used by the VRM can be selected to nautical miles, kilometers, statute miles or kilometers/yard.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Mark menu and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose VRM Unit and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose desired unit and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.17 Measuring the Bearing to a TargetUse the Electronic Bearing Lines (EBLs) to take bearings of targets. There are two EBLs, No. 1 and No. 2. Each EBL is a straight dashed line extending out from the own ship position up to the circumference of the radar picture. The fine dashed line is the No. 1 EBL and the coarse dashed one is the No. 2 EBL.1. Press the EBL key to display either of the EBLs. Successively pressing the EBL key toggles the active EBL between No. 1 and No. 2. The currently active marker is enclosed with >.....<.2. Operate the Trackball to bisect the target of interest with the EBL and read its distance at the lower-left corner of the screen. 3. Press the EBL key to erase each EBL.How to measure the bearing to a target with the EBLnmkmsmkydEBL1 EBL1, EBL2bearingEBL1>270.0°R<+EBL2EBL2 0.45.0°R+ 96.8°R 0.338 NM
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-191.17.1 EBL referenceThe EBL readout is affixed by "R." (relative) if it is relative to own ship's heading, "T." (true) if it is referenced to the north. You may choose relative or true in the head-up modes; in all other modes it is always TRUE.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Mark menu and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose EBL Reference and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose Relative or True as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.18 Measuring the Range and Bearing Between TwoTargetsYou may shift the origin of the EBL to measure the range and bearing between two targets.1. Press the EBL key to circumscribe the bearing indication of EBL1 or EBL2 with a dashed rectangle.2. Drag the EBL to the location of one target and then press the ENTER key to anchor the EBL.3. Roll the trackball to shift the range marker to the location of the other target.4. Read the bearing and range indications at the bottom of the screen.Measuring range and bearing between two target with the EBLTo return the origin of the EBL to the screen center, press the EBL key to circumscribe the indi-cation of that the EBL with a solid rectangle. RelativeTrueR2No. 1EBLNo. 2EBLRangeMarkerRange/bearingbetween targets 3 and 4 EBL1 EBL2 >140.0°R<335.2°R VRM1 VRM2 >0.500NM<0.980NMRangeMarkerTarget 4Target 3Target 1EBLorigin++Target 2Range/bearingbetween targets 1 and 2
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-201.19 Target AlarmThe target alarm serves to alert the navigator to targets (ships, landmasses, etc.) entering a set area, with audible and visual alarms.The guard alarm zone has a fixed width of 0.5 nm in the radial direction (depth) and is adjustable from 3.0 to 6.0 nm (guard zone 1) and any distance (guard zone 2). The sector of the zone can be set from 0 to 360 degrees in any direction.The alarm may be set to sound against targets entering or exiting the zone. See paragraph 1.20.3.1.19.1 Setting a target alarmThe procedure which follows shows you how to set a target alarm, using the illustration below as an example.1. Press the TARGET ALARM key to activate ALARM 1 or ALARM 2 as appropriate.2. Drag the cursor with the trackball to the location “A” and then press the ENTER key.3. Drag the cursor to the location “B” and then press the ENTER key.How to set a target alarm zoneNote 1: If you wish to create a target alarm zone having a 360-degree coverage around own ship, set point "B" in almost the same direction as point "A."Note 2: Two target alarm zones may be set. Note however that the 2nd target alarm zone is avail-able only when the 1st target alarm zone is active.Note 3: When the target alarm zone is not within the range in use the indication OUT RNG appears in the alarm status area. In this case choose a range which will display the target alarm zone.CAUTION• The alarm should not be relied upon as the sole means for detecting possible collision situations.• SEA, RAIN and GAIN controls should be properly adjusted to be sure the alarm system does not overlook target echoes.+ 110.1°R 2.525 NM +3NM0.5 Cursor++Target alarmzoneABALARM1_IN Alarm status
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-211.19.2 Acknowledging the alarmA target in the target alarm zone produces both visual (flashing) and audible (beep) alarms. To silence the audible alarm, press the CANCEL/HL OFF key. The alarm status shows "ALARM1(or 2) ACK." This will deactivate the audible alarm but will not stop the flashing of the offending target. To reactivate the audible alarm, press the CANCEL/HL OFF key The alarm status is then shown as ALARM 1 (or 2) IN(or OUT).1.19.3 Choosing alarm typeAs noted earlier the target alarm may be set sound against targets entering or exiting the alarm. Choose desired type as below.In and Out alarms1. Press the MENU key to shown the menu.2. Choose the Mark menu and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Target Alarm1 Mode or Target Alarm2 Mode as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose In to get the alarm on targets entering target alarm zone or Out to get the alarm on targets exiting a target alarm zone.5. Press the ENTER key followed by the MENU key.1.19.4 Deactivating a target alarm1. Press the TARGET ALARM key to choose ALARM1 or ALARM2 indication at the bottom right corner on the screen. The selected indication is circumscribed with a rectangle.2. Press the CANCEL/HL OFF key.3. Press the TARGET ALARM key again, and a dashed rectangle circumscribes the alarm indi-cation selected.4. Press the CANCEL/HL OFF key again. The target alarm zone and the alarm indication are erased from the screen.Inward target alarm Outward target alarmInOut
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-221.19.5 Choosing target strength which triggers target alarmYou may choose the target strength level which triggers the alarm as follows:1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Initial sub menu from the System menu and the press the ENTER key.3. Choose Alarm Level and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose the echo strength level which you want to trigger the target alarm.5. Press the ENTER key.6. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.20 Off Centering the DisplayOwn ship position, or sweep origin, can be displaced to expand the view field without switching to a larger range scale. The sweep origin can be off-centered to the cursor position, but not more than 75% of the range in use; if the cursor is set beyond 75% of the range scale, the sweep origin will be off-centered to the point of 75% of the limit.This feature is not available on the 72 nm or 96 nm range scale nor in the true motion mode.The display may be off centered manually, or automatically according to ship’s speed. Press the OFF CENTER key successively to choose desired off centering method or turn off centering, in the sequence of manual, automatic, off. OFF CENTER appears at the top left corner on the dis-play when off centering is enabled. Off center is not available when the zoom function is in use.1.20.1 Automatic off centerThe amount of automatic shift is calculated according to ship's speed, and the amount of shift is limited to 50% of the range in use. For example, if you set the shift speed setting for 15 knots and the ship is running at 10 knots the amount of shift will be about 34%. The formula for determining shift amount is as shown below. Automatic shift mode is only available in the head-up mode.Choosing speed to use1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Initial sub menu from the System menu and press the ENTER key.3. Choose Max Shift Speed and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose the speed to use and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.LowMediumHighShip's speed Shift speed setting X 0.5 = Amount of shift(%) 15 (1-99)
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-23Activating automatic off centerPress the OFF CENTER key until OFF CENTER appears on the display and the display is not shifted to the cursor location.1.20.2 Manual off center1. Place the cursor where you want locate the screen center.2. Press the OFF CENTER key until the display shifts to cursor location. 1.21 ZoomThe zoom function enlarges an area of interest as large as twice the normal viewing size, in the zoom window. You choose the target of interest to zoom with the zoom cursor and that target is zoomed in the zoom window. Zoom is not available when the display is off centered.Three types of zoom are available: Relative, True and Target.Relative: The zoom cursor moves relative to own ship’s heading.True: The zoom cursor moves with course and speed of own ship.Target: The zoom cursor is fixed to the zoomed target.1.21.1 How to zoom1. Press the ZOOM key to turn on the zoom feature. ZOOM appears at the top right hand corner of the screen together with the zoom cursor, a square (dashed or solid, depending on zoom mode chosen) with a cursor at its center, and the zoom window. The location of the zoom win-dow depends on the location of the zoom cursor. If the zoom cursor is on the left-half of the screen, the zoom window is located at the right side of the screen and vice versa.Zoom2. For the Relative and True modes you may fix the zoom cursor, by pressing the ZOOM key again. the zoom cursor then becomes solid.3. To quit zoom, press the ZOOM key again.+ 180.1°R 2.121 NM +3NM0.5 ++Zoom cursor(dashed inrelative or truemode)Zoomwindow
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-241.21.2 Zoom modeYou may choose the zoom mode from among Relative, True or Target.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Mark menu and press the ENTER key.3. Choose Zoom and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose the appropriate echo stretch option and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.22 Echo StretchThe echo stretch feature enlarges targets to make them easier to see, and it is available on the 1.5 -12 nm ranges depending on echo stretch type. There are 3 settings: ES1 to enlarge in bearing direction for long range detection, ES2 to enlarge in range direction and ES3 to enlarge in bearing and range directions.Echo stretchNote 1: If the 1.5 nm is preset with a pulse length of S1 or S2, and the 3 nm scale with S2, the echo stretch is not available on those range scales.Note 2: The echo stretch magnifies not only small target pips but also returns (clutter) from sea surface, rain and radar interference. For this reason, make sure these types of interference have been sufficiently suppressed before activating the echo stretch.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu2. Choose the Echo menu and press the ENTER key.3. Choose Echo Stretch and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose the appropriate echo stretch option and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.RelativeTrueTarget Echo Stretch 1 Echo Stretch 2 Echo Stretch 3BearingdirectionRangedirection Echo Stretch OFFTargetBearingdirectionRangedirectionUse on range1.5 - 12 nm Use on range1.5 - 6 nmOff123
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-251.23 Echo AveragingThe echo average feature effectively suppresses sea clutter. Echoes received from stable targets such as ships appear on the screen at almost the same position every rotation of the antenna. On the other hand, unstable echoes such as sea clutter appear at random positions.To distinguish real target echoes from sea clutter, echoes are averaged over successive picture frames. If an echo is solid and stable, it is presented in its normal intensity. Sea clutter is averaged over successive scans resulting in reduced brilliance, making it easier to discriminate real targets from sea clutter.Echo averaging uses scan-to-scan signal correlation technique based on the true motion over the ground of each target. Thus, small stationary targets such as buoys will be shown while sup-pressing random echoes such as sea clutter. True echo average is not however effective for picking up small targets running at high speeds over the ground.Note 1: Do not use the echo average function under heavy pitching and rolling; loss of target detection can result.Note 2: Echo average can be used without a heading sensor. For further details, contact your dealer.To properly use the echo average function, it is recommended to first suppress sea clutter with the A/C SEA control. Then, do as follows:1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Echo menu and press the ENTER key.3. Choose Echo Stretch and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose the appropriate echo stretch option and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.Off123
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-261.24 Target TrailsThe trails of the radar echoes of targets may be displayed in the form of synthetic afterglow. Target trails are chosen either relative or true and may be sea or ground stabilized. True motion trails require a compass signal and own ship speed input.1.24.1 Starting, stopping trailsPress the TRAILS key to start trails and choose trail time. The chosen time, along with trail mode, is shown at the bottom left corner as shown in the figure below.Trail time is available among 15 s, 30 s, 1 min., 3 min., 6 min., 15 min., 30 min., Long trail setting (if activated, see paragraph 1.24.10) and CONT(INUOUS) The longer the trail interval the longer the length of the target trail. Trail indicationsTo cancel all trails, press the TRAILS key to erase the trail indications.1.24.2 Trail modeYou may display echo trails in true or rel-ative motion (only true trail on TM). Rel-ative trails show relative movements between targets and own ship. True motion trails require a gyrocompass signal and own ship speed input to cancel out own ship's movement and present true target movements in accor-dance with their over-the-ground speeds and courses. True and relative target trails1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Target Trails menu and press the ENTER key.3. Choose Mode and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose the appropriate mode and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.TRAILS (T)01H30M00STrail Mode (T, True, R, Relative)Trail Time(a) True target trails (No smearing of stationary targets)(b) Relative target trails Targets moving relative to own shipRelativeTrue
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-271.24.3 Trail gradationTrails may be shown in single or multiple gradation (monocolor) or in multicolor.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Target Trails menu and press the ENTER key.3. Choose Trail Gradation and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose the appropriate trail gradation referring to the figure below and then press the ENTER key. The item Rainbow display trails in multicolor.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.24.4 Trail colorYou may choose trail color as follows:1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Target Trails menu and press the ENTER key.3. Choose Color and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose the appropriate color and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.24.5 Trail levelThe level (intensity) of the afterglow which extends from radar targets may be chosen as below.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Target Trails menu and press the ENTER key.3. Choose Color and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose 1, 2 or 3 as appropriate level and then press the ENTER key.1: All: signals produce trails, 2: Normal, 3: Only weak signals produce trails5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.SingleMultipleRainbowMonotone(Single) Gradual shading(Multi)GreenRedBlueWhiteBlack123
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-281.24.6 Trail copyTrails are canceled and restarted whenever the range is changed. However, you may continue trails on the same range, without restarting them, when the range is changed to a next larger or smaller range scale. Note however that when the range is changed, only those trails within the previous range are continued; no trails are generated for targets outside the previous range.How trail copy works1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Target Trails menu and press the ENTER key.3. Choose Trail Copy and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose Off or On as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.24.7 Thin trailsTarget trails may be painted with thinner lines if desired. This can be useful when there are a lot of targets on the screen.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Target Trails menu and press the ENTER key.3. Choose Thin and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose Off or On as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.24.8 Own ship trailYou may show own ship’s trail as follows:1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose Own Ship and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Off or On as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.4. Press the MENU key to close the menu.(a) Previous range (b) New rangeNo trail generatedfor target not withinprevious rangeOffOn
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-291.24.9 Restarting trailsYou may clear all target trails to restart the trail process. Target trails are cleared and the trailing process restarts from time count zero at the current target trail plot interval. 1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose Restart Trails and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Off or On as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.4. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.24.10 Long trailsSeveral preset trail times are provided for your convenience. If you prefer a different time you may set it as below. The setting range is 45 minutes to 48 hours, in increments of 15 minutes. 1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose Long Trails and then press the ENTER key.3. Roll the trackball upward or downward as appropriate to set time and then press the ENTER key.4. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.25 Parallel Index LinesParallel index lines are useful for keeping a constant distance between own ship and a coastline or a partner ship when navigating. Two index lines are available and any two may be displayed. You may control the orientation and line interval. Parallel index lines1.25.1 Turning parallel index lines on or off1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.2. Choose Mark and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Parallel Line and then press the ENTER key. 00h:00m(00h:45m-48h:00m)IndexlinesOff236
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-304. Choose the number of parallel index lines to show (2, 3 or 6) or choose Off to turn off the lines. (The actual number of lines visible may be less depending on line interval.)5. Press the ENTER key.6. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.25.2 Using the parallel index lines1. Press the EBL key to activate EBL2.2. Roll the trackball to adjust the orientation of the lines.3. Press the VRM key to activate VRM2.4. Roll the trackball to adjust the interval between lines.1.25.3 Parallel index lines modeIndex lines orientation may be chosen from parallel or vertical as follows:1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose Mark and press the ENTER key.3. Choose Parallel Line Mode and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose Parallel or Vertical as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.26 Outputting Target Position, Inscribing Origin MarkThe TLL key functions to output cursor position to a navigation plotter (where it is marked on its screen) and inscribe an asterisk (*) mark at cursor position. Twenty marks may be inscribed on the screen. When you enter a 21st mark the eldest mark is erased to make room for the latest. To erase a mark, place the cursor on it and press the CANCEL/HL OFF key.1.26.1 TLL key modeThe TLL key can be preset to output target position, inscribe the origin mark or do both.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose Mark and press the ENTER key.3. Choose TLL Key Mode and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose TLL Output, Origin Mark or Both as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.ParallelVerticalTLL OutputOrigin MarkBoth
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-311.26.2 Origin mark modeYou may choose origin mark movement from either True or Relative as follows:1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose Mark and press the ENTER key.3. Choose Origin Mark Mode and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose Relative or True as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.27 Temporarily Hiding the Heading Line, Heading MarkerThe heading line indicate the ship's heading in all presentation modes. The heading line is a line from the own ship position to the outer edge of the radar display area and appears at zero degrees on the bearing scale in head-up mode; it changes the orientation depending on the ship orientation in north-up and true motion modes. The heading marker is a small circle on the bearing scale to indicate the heading when the display is off-centered or is in north-up or TM mode.To temporarily hide the heading line and heading marker to look at targets existing dead ahead of own ship, press and hold down the CANCEL/HL OFF key. To re-display the heading line release the key.RelativeTrue
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-321.28 Custom Setup1.28.1 About custom setupEvery time your navigating environment or task changes, you must adjust the radar, which can be a nuisance in a busy situation. Instead of changing radar settings case by case, it is possible to assign the function keys to provide optimum settings for often encountered situations.The radar's internal computer offers three default custom setups (see the table below). However you may customize theses settings to meet your navigation needs, on the Custom 1, Custom 2 and Custom 3 menus.To enable a custom setup, press the CUSTOM key. Each press of the key enables CUSTOM1, CUSTOM or CUSTOM3 cyclically. The chosen custom setup name is shown at the top left corner. To escape from custom setup, operate any control.Default custom settingsMenu item(radar function)Default settingsCustom1 Custom2 Custom3Name Harbor Long SeaGain Moderate Moderate ModerateSea Calm Calm CalmRain Calm Calm CalmPulse length Short Long ShortEcho stretch Off 2 OffEcho average Off 3 3Noise rejector Off Med HighInterference rejector High Low HighAuto anti-clutter Off Off OffDisplay dynamic Wide Normal WideDisplay-curve 1 3 3Antenna speed 48 rpm 24 rpm 48 rpm
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-331.28.2 Description of custom setup itemsDescription of custom setup items1.28.3 Setting custom setups1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.2. Choose Custom 1, Custom 2 or Custom 3 as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Name and then press the ENTER key to display the options shown right.4. Choose the name which best matches your desired objective and then press the ENTER key.5. Set other menu items according to the objective name chosen at step 4.6. After adjusting all menu items, choose Save and then press the ENTER key. CUSTOM SAVE COMPLETE appears when saving is completed.7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.Menu item Description of available settings See paragraph;Name Harbor: Optimum setting for short range navigation in a harbor area using a range scale of 1.5 nm or lessLong: Optimum setting for long range detection using a range scale of 6 nm or largerSea: Optimum setting for navigating in heavy seas.Rain: Optimum setting for navigating in heavy rain.Buoy: Optimum setting for detecting navigation buoys.Bird: Optimum setting for detecting birds.Gain Rough, Moderate, Calm: Choose according to sea state.Manual: Manual adjustment1.11Sea Rough, Moderate, Calm: Choose according to sea state.Manual: Manual adjustment1.12Rain Rough, Moderate, Calm: Choose according to sea state.Manual: Manual adjustment1.13Pulse length Short or Long, changeable on 1.5 and 3 nm ranges. 1.10Echo stretch Off, 1, 2, 3 1.23Echo average Off, 1, 2, 3 1.24Noise rejector Off, Low, Med, High 1.30Interference rejector Off, Low, Med, High 1.16Auto anti-clutter Off, On 1.14Display dynamic Narrow, Normal, Wide. 1.36Display-curve 1, 2, 3 1.37Antenna speed 24 rpm, 36 rpm, 48 rpm, Auto/Range. 1.38HarborLongSeaRainBuoyBird
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-341.29 Programming Function Keys (F1 and F2 keys)Less-often used functions are provided in the menu. To avoid opening the menus to set up the radar for a particular situation, you may program a function key to provide one-touch access to a desired function. Function key operationTo activate a function, simply press the appropriate function key. Then, that function’s options appear. Push the function key again to choose appropriate option and then press the ENTER key.The default programs are F1, Echo averaging, F2, Display color.Changing function key programTo change function key program, do the following:1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.2. Choose Display and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Function 1 Setup or Function 2 Setup as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.Function list4. Choose desired function from the list and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.30 Noise RejectorWhite noise may show itself on the screen as random "speckles" spread over the entire radar image. You can remove this noise as follows:1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.2. Choose Echo and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Noise Rejector and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose On or Off as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.Range Rings BrillEcho ColorDisplay ColorBackground ColorEcho ColorWatchman TimeData BoxZoom ModeSTBY Mode DisplayAuto GainAuto SeaAuto RainTune ModePulse LengthEcho StretchEcho AverageNoise RejectorInterference RejectorAuto Anti ClutterDisplay-DynamicDisplay-CurveAntenna Speed2nd Echo RejectorTrails-GradationTrails-ColorTrails-ModeTrails-LevelTrails-CopyTrails-RestartTrails-ThinTrails-Own ShipWaypoint Mark DisplayOrigin Mark ModeTLL Key ModeParallel LineParallel Line ModeEBL ReferenceVRM UnitCursor PositionTarget Alarm1 ModeTarget Alarm 2 ModeVector TimeVector ReferenceHistory DotsHistory IntervalsCPATCPAProximity AlarmARP-DisplayARP-Symbol ColorARP-Auto AcquireARP-All CancelAIS-DisplayAIS-Symbol ColorAIS-Sort ByGPS-TypeGPS-Datum
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-351.31 Suppressing Second-trace EchoesIn certain situations, echoes from very distance targets may appear as false echoes (second-trace echoes) on the screen. This occurs when the return echo is received one transmission cycle later, or after a next radar pulse has been transmitted.How 2nd trace echoes are produced1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.2. Choose Echo and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose 2nd Echo Rejector and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose On or Off as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.32 WatchmanThe watch alarm sounds the audible alarm at the chosen time interval to help you keep regular watch of the radar picture for safety or other purposes. The watchman time appears at the lower-left corner of the screen with a watch alarm timer which counts down from value set (for example, "10:00").When a preset time interval has elapsed, the audible watch alarm is released, the screen label WATCH turns red and the watch alarm timer freezes at "0:00." To silence the alarm, press the CANCEL/HL OFF key The label WATCH turns to normal color and the watch alarm timer is reset to the initial value and starts the count-down sequence again.If you press the CANCEL key before the selected time interval is reached, the watch alarm timer is reset to the initial value and starts the count-down sequence again.To set watch time interval, do the following:1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.2. Choose DIsplay and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Watchman Time and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose Off or appropriate time and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.Second-traceechoTx repetitionActual rangeFalse echorange
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-361.33 Color Schemes1.33.1 Preset color schemesPreset color schemes are provided for optimum viewing in daytime, nighttime and twilight. A user arrangeable color scheme is also provided. Below are the default color settings for each preset color scheme.1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.2. Choose Brill/Color and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Display Color and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose a color scheme and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.33.2 User color schemeThe user color scheme lets you choose desired echo color and background color. The display color must be set for “User” (in paragraph 1.33.1) to use user chosen echo and background colors.1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.2. Choose Brill/Color and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Echo Color and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose a color and then press the ENTER key. Multi displays echoes in colors of red, yellow and green according to echo strength, and it is not available on the IMO spec. radar.5. Choose Background Color and then press the ENTER key.6. Choose background color desired and then press the ENTER key.7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.Display item and colorDay Night Twilight UserText Black Red Green GreenRange rings Green Red Green GreenEcho Yellow Green Green GreenBackground White Black Blue BlackDayNightTwilightUserYellowGreenMultiBlack/GreenBlack/RedBlue/WhiteDK Blue/WhiteWhite/Green
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-371.34 Navigation Data1.34.1 Navigation data during standbyNavigation data is shown when the radar is in standby. Appropriate sensors required to display data.Navigation data display at standby14/MAY/2004DATESPEED COURSEPOSITIONNNNE NE ENNWNW WHEADINGLATLONG 90° 00.000 N180° 00.000 E99.9 kts 359.9°TIME23 : 59 : 59XTE9.99nm 359.9° STBY20408060DEPTH (m)303020010TEMP 65.3 65.320 1020 10WIND 65.3 (m/s)45.0° (R)NTime until Tx in watchman(Displayed when watchman is active.)<WATCH> 19:59(min)30(min)Heading indicatorGraphic appears evenif bearing signal is lost,however the compasspoint indications do notappear.Standby indicationiOwn ship markerFixed regardlessof ship's movement.HeadingXTE-trackerrorWaypointFlashes ifvessel goesoutside displaybearing.SpeedDatePositionDepth Wind speedand direction WaterteemperatureCourseTime(°C)
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-38Depth and water temperature graphsThese graphs display the latest 30 minutes of respective data. The horizontal axis scale is updated and plotted at intervals of 10 seconds. The vertical axis scale is adjusted automatically for every 30 minutes of data. The unit of measurement may be chosen on the Initial sub menu in the System menu.Wind graphWInd direction reference may be chosen (on the Initial sub menu) from True or Apparent. Apparent wind is the direction (in relation to ship’s bow) and speed of the wind as it appears to those on board, relative to the speed and direction of the boat; combination of the true wind and the wind caused by the boat's movement. True wind is the speed and direction (in relation to ship’s bow) of the wind felt or measured when stationary. 1.34.2 Navigation data at the bottom of the screenNavigation data may be displayed at the bottom of the screen.Navigation dataTo show navigation data, do the following:1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Display menu and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Data Box and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose Nav or All and then press the ENTER key. (Choose All to display Nav data and ARPA and AIS target data.)5. Press the MENU to close the menu.OWN LAT: 34°56.123 ESHIP LON: 135°34.567 E SPEED 12.34 ktCURSOR LAT: 34°56.123 E LON: 135°34.567 E TTG: 01:00TEMP 12.3°CDEPTH 56.7 MWAY 0.095 NMPOINT 90.0° M TTG: 00:20OffNavTargetAll
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-391.35 Dynamic RangeIn radar systems, system dynamic range is crucial for differentiating between highly reflective tar-gets and those which do not have optimum reflective properties. You may change the dynamic range to better differentiate those targets as below.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Display-Dynamic and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose Narrow (-6dB), Normal(-12dB) or Wide(-18dB) as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.Dynamic range settings5. Press the MENU to close the menu.1.36 Characteristics CurveThe characteristics curve of this radar may be changed to meet detection requirement.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Display-Curve and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose 1 (Linear), 2(Exponential) or 3(Logarithm) as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU to close the menu.NarrowNormalWide6 db 12 db18 dbWideNormalNarrowNarrowNormalWide
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-401.37 Antenna SpeedThe antenna speed may be changed to meet operating requirement. Choose a high speed when cruising at high speed to ensure timely update of radar targets. Note that the speed cannot be changed on the 24 rpm motor; it is fixed at 24 rpm.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Echo menu and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Antenna Speed and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose appropriate antenna speed. Auto/Range automatically changes antenna speed according to range.5. Press the ENTER key.6. Press the MENU key to close the menu.1.38 Waypoint MarkThe waypoint marker shows the location of the destination waypoint set on a navigation plotter. You can turn this mark on or off as follows:Waypoint mark1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose Mark and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Waypoint Mark Display and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose On or Off as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.24rpm36rpm48rpmAuto/Range+ 110.1°R 2.525 NM +3NM0.5 +Waypointmark
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-411.39 Alarm Message DisplayWhen a violation occurs the radar generates audible and visual alarms to alert you. The alarm message display shows all alarms currently violated. You may show this display as follows:1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Display menu and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Alarm Message and then press the ENTER key.Alarm message displayTo close the alarm message display, press any key.List of alarm messagesList of alarm messagesCategory Alarm name Alarm nameSignal missingHeading Heading signal lostBearing Antenna rotation signal lostPosition Position data lost Target AlarmTarget Alarm1 In (or Out) Echo has entered (or exited) target alarm zone 1.Target Alarm1 In (or Out) Echo has entered (or exited) target alarm zone 1ARP alarmCollision CPA and TCPA of an ARP target is less than preset CPA and TCPA.Lost Acquired ARP target becomes lostTarget-Full Target tracking capacity is reached.Proximity The range to an ARP target is less than the user-set proximity alarm range.AIS alarmCollision CPA and TCPA of an ARP target is less than preset CPA and TCPA.Proximity The range to an AIS target is less than the user-set proximity alarm range.[Signal Missing][Target Alarm1][ARP Alarm]<Please Push Any Key -- To Stop Alarm And Close this Window>
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-421.40 Echo AreaThe effective display area can be either ellipsis or square shaped.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose the Display menu and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Echo Area and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose desired display area configuration and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU to close the menu.AIS systemTX TX stopped or TX errorANT Antenna VSWR troubleCH1 TDM2 RX1 board troubleCH2 TDM2 RX2 board troubleCH70 RX channel 70 troubleFAIL System failureEPFS External EPFS troubleL/L Position data lostSOG Speed data lostCOG Course data lostHDG Heading data lostROT Rate of turn data lostMKD Minimum input device lostList of alarm messagesCategory Alarm name Alarm nameEllipsisSquare
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-431.41 Customizing (Initial Menu)The Initial sub menu in the System menu contains items which allow you to customize your radar to meet your operational needs.1.41.1 Opening the Initial menu1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Roll the trackball to choose System followed by Initial and then press the ENTER key.Initial menu1.41.2 Description of Initial menuKey Beep: A beep sounds when keys are pressed. You may turn this beep on or off.Range Unit: Range may be shown in nm, km or sm.Alarm Level: The target alarm may be set to sound against weak, medium or strong echoes.TX Antenna Rotate: Radar pulses may be transmitted without rotating the antenna. For the ser-vice technician.Max Shift Speed: Set the maximum shift speed to use with automatic offcentering. The setting range is 1-99 (kts)STBY Mode Display: STBY Mode Display sets the function of the radar in standby. “Normal” dis-plays “STBY” at the screen center; “Nav” displays navigation data, and “Economy” extinguishes the backlight of the LCD to conserve power.Bearing Source: Choose the type of bearing sensor connected to the radar; True (gyrocompass) or Magnetic (magnetic compass).S/T / W/X: Select[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back[MENU]: ExitGPSBrill/ColorEchoMarkTarget TrailsCustom 1DisplayCustom 2Custom 3 TargetARPAISManual TuneMenuMenuInitialInitialSystemInitialFactoryInstallationKey Beep : OnRange Unit : nm Alarm Level : MedTX Antenna Rotate : RotateMax Shift Speed : 15 ktSTBY Mode Display : NormalBearing Source : MagneticRange PresetShip Speed Unit : ktDepth Unit : mTemperature Unit : °CWind Direction : ApparentWind Speed Unit : ktPort 1 Setup : AutoPort 2 Setup : Auto
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW1-44Range Preset: You may choose the radar ranges you wish to use. When you choose Range Preset the option window shown below appears. Choose a range and press the ENTER key to turn that range on or off. At least two ranges must be turned on. The maximum range available depends on radar model. Available rangesShip Speed Unit: The ship’s speed unit may be selected to knots (kts), kilometers/hour (km/h) or miles per hour (mph).Depth Unit: The depth unit is available in meters (m), feet (ft), fathoms (fa), passi/braza (p/b) or Hiro (hr).Temperature Unit: Temperature may be displayed in °C (Celsius) or °F (Fahrenheit).Wind Direction: Wind direction may be shown as True or Apparent. For further details, see para-graph 1.35.1.Wind Speed Unit: Wind speed may be shown in knots (kts), kilometers per hour (km/h), miles per hour (mph) or meters/second (m/s).Port 1: Set the baud rate of the equipment connected to Port1. “Auto” provides automatic detec-tion of baud rate. External equipment must be equipped with auto baud rate detection feature.Port 2: Same function as Port1 but for Port2.Through Output: Data input to port 1 may be output from port 2. Choose “On” to use this feature.0.125 On0.25 On0.5 On0.75 On1Off1.5 On2Off3On4Off6On8Off12 On16 On24 On36 On48 On72 On96 OnExit? Yes
2-12. RADAR OBSERVATION2.1 General2.1.1 Minimum and maximum rangesMinimum rangeThe minimum range is defined by the shortest distance at which, using a scale of 1.5 or 0.75 nm, a target having an echoing area of 10 m2 is still shown separate from the point representing the antenna position.It is mainly dependent on the pulse length, antenna height, and signal processing such as main bang suppression and digital quantization. It is a good practice to use a shorter range scale as far as it gives favorable definition or clarity of picture. The IMO Resolution MSC.64(67) Annex 4 (Ship-borne radar) and A.820: 1995 (High Speed Craft Radar) require the minimum range to be less than 50 m and 35 m, respectively. This series of radars satisfy this requirement.Maximum rangeThe maximum detecting range of the radar, Rmax, varies considerably depending on several fac-tors such as the height of the antenna above the waterline, the height of the target above the sea, the size, shape and material of the target, and the atmospheric conditions.Under normal atmospheric conditions, the maximum range is equal to the radar horizon or a little shorter. The radar horizon is longer than the optical one by about 6% because of the diffraction property of the radar signal. The Rmax is given in the following equation.where Rmax: radar horizon (nautical miles) h1: antenna height (m) h2: target height (m)For example, if the height of the antenna above the waterline is 9 meters and the height of the target is 16 meters, the maximum radar range is;It should be noted that the detection range is reduced by precipitation (which absorbs the radar signal). Rmax= 2.2 x ( h1 +h2 )Radar horizonOptical horizon R max = 2.2 x ( 9 + 16 ) = 2.2 x (3 + 4) = 15.4 nm
2. RADAR OBSERVATION2-22.1.2 X-band and S-bandIn fair weather, the equation on the previous page does not give a significant difference between X- and S-band radars. However, in heavy precipitation condition, an S-band radar would have better detection than an X-band radar. 2.1.3 Radar resolutionThere are two important factors in radar resolution (discrimination): bearing resolution and range resolution.Bearing resolutionBearing resolution is the ability of the radar to display as separate pips the echoes received from two targets which are at the same range and close together. It is proportional to the antenna length and reciprocally proportional to the wavelength. The length of the antenna radiator should be chosen for a bearing resolution better than 2.5Åã (IMO Resolution). This condition is normally sat-isfied with a radiator of 1.2 m (4 ft) or longer in the X-band. The S-band radar requires a radiator of about 12 feet (3.6 m) or longer.Range resolutionRange resolution is the ability to display as separate pips the echoes received from two targets which are on the same bearing and close to each other. This is determined by pulse length only. Practically, a 0.08 microsecond pulse offers the discrimination better than 35 m as do so with all FURUNO radars. Test targets for determining the range and bearing resolution are radar reflectors having an echoing area of 10 m2.2.1.4 Bearing accuracyOne of the most important features of the radar is how accurately the bearing of a target can be measured. The accuracy of bearing measurement basically depends on the narrowness of the radar beam. However, the bearing is usually taken relative to the ship's heading, and thus, proper adjustment of the heading line at installation is an important factor in ensuring bearing accuracy. To minimize error when measuring the bearing of a target, put the target echo at the extreme posi-tion on the screen by selecting a suitable range.2.1.5 Range measurementMeasurement of the range to a target is also a very important function of the radar. Generally, there are two means of measuring range: the fixed range rings and the variable range marker (VRM). The fixed range rings appear on the screen with a predetermined interval and provide a rough estimate of the range to a target. The variable range marker's diameter is increased or decreased so that the marker touches the inner edge of the target, allowing the operator to obtain more accurate range measurements.
2. RADAR OBSERVATION2-32.2 False EchoesOccasionally echo signals appear on the screen at positions where there is no target or disappear even if there are targets. They are, however, recognized if you understand the reason why they are displayed. Typical false echoes are shown below.2.2.1 Multiple echoesMultiple echoes occur when a transmitted pulse returns from a solid object like a large ship, bridge, or breakwater. A second, a third or more echoes may be observed on the display at double, triple or other multiples of the actual range of the target as shown below. Multiple reflection echoes can be reduced and often removed by decreasing the gain (sensitivity) or properly adjusting the SEA control.Multiple echoes2.2.2 Sidelobe echoesEvery time the radar pulse is transmitted, some radiation escapes on each side of the beam, called "sidelobes." If a target exists where it can be detected by the side lobes as well as the main lobe, the side echoes may be represented on both sides of the true echo at the same range. Side lobes show usually only on short ranges and from strong targets. They can be reduced through careful reduction of the gain or proper adjustment of the SEA control.Sidelobe echoesOwn shipTargetTrueechoMultiple echoTarget B(True)Target B(Spurious)Target A
2. RADAR OBSERVATION2-42.2.3 Virtual imageA relatively large target close to your ship may be represented at two positions on the screen. One of them is the true echo directly reflected by the target and the other is a false echo which is caused by the mirror effect of a large object on or close to your ship as shown in the figure below. If your ship comes close to a large metal bridge, for example, such a false echo may temporarily be seen on the screen.Virtual image2.2.4 Shadow sectorFunnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the path of the antenna block the radar beam. If the angle subtended at the antenna is more than a few degrees, a non-detecting sector may be produced. Within this sector targets can not be detected.Shadow sectorsTrueechoFalseechoOwn shipTarget shipMirror imageof target shipRadarantennaRadarmastShadow sector
2. RADAR OBSERVATION2-52.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder)2.3.1 SART descriptionA Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) may be triggered by any X-Band (3 cm) radar within a range of approximately 8 nm. Each radar pulse received causes it to transmit a response which is swept repetitively across the complete radar frequency band. When interrogated, it first sweeps rapidly (0.4 µs) through the band before beginning a relatively slow sweep (7.5 µs) through the band back to the starting frequency. This process is repeated for a total of twelve complete cycles. At some point in each sweep, the SART frequency will match that of the interrogating radar and be within the pass band of the radar receiver. If the SART is within range, the frequency match during each of the 12 slow sweeps will produce a response on the radar display, thus a line of 12 dots equally spaced by about 0.64 nautical miles will be shown.When the radar to the SART is reduced to about 1 nm, the radar display my show also the 12 responses generated during the fast sweeps. These additional dot responses, which also are equally spaced by 0.64 nautical miles, will be interspersed with the original line of 12 dots. They will appear slightly weaker and smaller than the original dots.Appearance of SART echo 9500 MHz9200 MHzRadar antennabeamwidthScreen A: When SART is distant Screen B: When SART is close Lines of 12 dots are displayed in concentric arcs.Echo from SARTPosition ofSARTOwn shipposition Own shippositionSART marklength Radar receiverbandwidthSweep time7.5 µs 95 µs Sweep start High speed sweep signalLow speed sweep signal24 NM 1.5 NMPosition ofSARTEcho fromSART
2. RADAR OBSERVATION2-62.3.2 General remarks on receiving SARTSART range errorsWhen responses from only the 12 low frequency sweeps are visible (when the SART is at a range greater than about 1 nm), the position at which the first dot is displayed may be as much as 0.64 nm beyond the true position of the SART. When the range closes so that the fast sweep responses are seen also, the first of these will be no more than 150 meters beyond the true position.Radar bandwidthThis is normally matched to the radar pulse length and is usually switched with the range scale and the associated pulse length. Narrow bandwidths of 3-5 MHz are used with long pulses on long range scales and wide bandwidths of 10-25 MHz with short pulses on short ranges.A radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHz will attenuate the SART signal slightly, so it is preferable to use a medium bandwidth to ensure optimum detection of the SART. Radar side lobesAs the SART is approached, side lobes from the radar antenna may show the SART responses as a series of arcs or concentric rings. These can be removed by the use of the anti-clutter sea control although it may be operationally useful to observe the side lobes as they may be easier to detect in clutter conditions and also they will confirm that the SART is near to own ship.Note: SART information excerpted from IMO SN/Circ 197 OPERATION OF MARINE RADAR FOR SART DETECTION.2.4 RACONA RACON is a radar beacon which emits radar receivable signals in the radar frequency spectrum (X- or S-band). There are several signal formats; in general, the RACON signal appears on the radar screen as a rectangular echo originating at a point just beyond the position of the radar beacon. It has a Morse coded pattern. Note that the position on the radar display is not accurate.RACON RACON
3-13. ARP OPERATIONThe Automatic Radar Plotter ARP-11 (option) manually or automatically acquires and tracks ten targets. Once a target is acquired automatically or manually it is automatically tracked within 0.1 to 32 nm.3.1 Usage PrecautionsNo one navigational aid should be relied upon for the safety of vessel and crew.The navigator has the responsibility tocheck all aids available to confirmposition. Electronic aids are nota substitute for basic navigationalprinciples and common sense.• This auto plotter automatically tracks an automatically or manually acquired radar target and calculates its course and speed, indicating them by a vector. Since the data generated by the auto plotter are based on what radar targets are selected, the radar must always be optimally tuned for use with the auto plotter, to ensure required targets will not be lost or unwanted targets such as sea returns and noise will not be acquired and tracked.• A target does not always mean a land- mass, reef, ships or other surface vessels but can imply returns from sea surface and clutter. As the level of clutter changes with environment, the operator should properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and GAIN controls to be sure target echoes are not eliminated from the radar screen. CAUTIONCAUTIONThe plotting accuracy and response ofthis auto plotter meets IMO standards.Tracking accuracy is affected by thefollowing:• Tracking accuracy is affected by course change. One to two minutes is required to restore vectors to full accuracy after an abrupt course change. (The actual amount depends on gyrocompass specifications.)• The amount of tracking delay is inversely proportional to the relative speed of the target. Delay is on the order of 15-30 seconds for high relative speed; 30-60 seconds for low relative speed.Display accuracy is affected by thefollowing:• Echo intensity• Radar transmission pulsewidth• Radar bearing error• Gyrocompass error• Course change (own ship or target)CAUTIONCAUTION
3. ARP OPERATION3-23.2 Controls for Use with ARPENTER: Acquires cursor-selected target; Displays data for tracked target (in the data box at the bottom of the screen).CANCEL/HL OFF: Removes data of cursor-selected tracked target from the data box; stops tracking cursor-selected (when its data is not displayed in the data box.MENU: Accesses the Target and ARP menus for ARP operations.Trackball: Chooses target to acquire, cancel tracking or show target data.3.3 ARP Display On/OffYou may turn off the ARP display as shown below.1. Press the MENU key to display the main menu.2. Use the trackball to choose ARP and then press the ENTER key.ARP menu3. Use the trackball to choose Display and then press the ENTER key. 4. Choose Off or On as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.GPSBrill/ColorEchoMarkTarget TrailsCustom 1DisplayCustom 2Custom 3 TargetARPAISManual TuneMenuMenuARPARPSystemDIsplay : OffSymbol Color : GreenAuto Acquire : OffAll Cancel : NoS/T / W/X: Select[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back[MENU]: ExitOffOn
3. ARP OPERATION3-33.4 Acquiring and Tracking TargetsTen targets may be acquired and tracked manually and automatically. When you attempt to acquire an 11th target, the message "ARP FULL - ALREADY TRACKING 10 TARGETS!" appears for five seconds. To acquire another target, terminate tracking of an unnecessary target, as shown in the paragraph 3.5.3.4.1 Manual acquisitionWhen the automatic acquisition (AUTO ACQ. AREA) is set to on, up to five targets may be acquired manually. If you attempt to acquire a sixth target, the alert message appears.1. Place the cursor on the target to acquire.2. Press the ENTER key.The plot symbol changes over time as below. A vector appears about one minute after acquisition, indicating the target's motion trend.ARP target mark3.4.2 Automatic acquisitionThe ARP can acquire up to ten targets automatically by setting an automatic acquisition area. When automatic acquisition is selected after acquiring targets manually, only the remaining capacity for targets may be automatically acquired. For example, if seven targets have been man-ually acquired, three targets may be automatically acquired. The automatic acquisition area is 2.0 to 2.5 miles in range and ±45° on either side of the heading line in bearing.Targets being tracked in automatic acquisition are continuously tracked when switching to manual acquisition. Note that targets being tracked in automatic acquisition are con-tinuously tracked when switching to manual acquisition.Automatic acquisition area1. Press the MENU key to show the main menu.2. Choose ARP and then press the ENTER keyAt acquisition 1 min. afteracquisition 3 min. afteracquisitionVector01 01 01 Target numberAutomatic acquisition area45° port 45° starboard2.0 - 2.5 nm
3. ARP OPERATION3-43. Choose Auto Acquire and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose On to enable automatic acquisition.5. Press the ENTER key.6. Press the MENU key to close the menu.3.5 Terminating Tracking of ARP TargetsWhen ten targets have been acquired, no more acquisition occurs unless targets are cancelled. If you need to acquire additional targets, you must first cancel one or more individual targets, or all targets, using one of the procedures below. 3.5.1 Terminating tracking of selected targets1. Place the cursor on the target to terminate tracking.2. Press the CANCEL/HL OFF key to terminate tracking and erase the target.3.5.2 Terminating tracking of all targets1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose ARP and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose All Cancel and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose Yes.5. Press the ENTER key.6. Press the MENU key to close the menu.OffOnNoYes
3. ARP OPERATION3-53.6 Vector AttributesWhat is a vector?A vector is a line extending from a tracked target which shows estimated speed and course of the target. The vector tip shows an estimated position of the target after the selected vector time elapses. It can be useful to extend the vector length (time) in order to evaluate the risk of collision with any target.VectorVector time, vector referenceVector time can be set to 30 seconds, 1, 3, 6, 15 or 30 minutes. You may reference the vectors to North (True, requires heading and speed data) or ship's heading (relative) as desired. 1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.Target menu3. Choose Vector Time and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose desired vector time and then press the ENTER key.5. Choose Vector Reference and then press the ENTER key.6. Choose Relative or True as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.Note: The functions of the Target menu are commonly shared by ARP and AIS.VectorGPSBrill/ColorEchoMarkTarget TrailsCustom 1DisplayCustom 2Custom 3 TargetARPAISManual TuneMenuMenuTargetTargetSystemVector Time : 6 minVector Reference : RelativeHistory Dots : 5History Intervals : 1 minCPA : 1 nmTCPA : 1 minProximity Alarm : OffS/T / W/X: Select[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back[MENU]: Exit30sec1min3min6min15min30minRelativeTrueVector time choicesVector reference choices
3. ARP OPERATION3-63.7 History Display (target past position)This radar can display time-spaced dots (maximum ten dots) marking the past positions of any ARP/AIS target being tracked. You can evaluate a target's actions by the spacing between dots. Below are examples of dot spacing and target movement..Target movement and history displayYou may choose the number of history dots to display and the time interval to display them.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose History Dots and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose number of history dots to display (5 or 10) or choose Off to turn off the history display.5. Press the ENTER key.6. Choose History Interval and then press the ENTER key.7. Choose appropriate time interval and then press the ENTER key.8. Press the MENU key to close the menu.(a) Ship turning (b) Ship running straight (c) Ship reduced speed(d) Ship increased speedOff51015sec30sec1min2min3min6min12min
3. ARP OPERATION3-73.8 ARP Target DataYou can show target data (range, bearing, course, speed, CPA and TCPA) for two tracked ARP targets, in the data box at the bottom of the screen. To display ARP target data, the ARP display must be active and the menu item Data Box in the Display sub menu must be set for Target or All.1. Place the cursor on the ARP target for which you want to know its data.2. Press the ENTER key to show the target’s data.ARP target dataThe data for the chosen target is displayed in data box A or B. The box is chosen on a first-in, first-out basis. For example, if both data box A and data box B are currently showing data and an ARP target is selected to show its data, the data in data box A will be erased and replaced with the data of the newly selected ARP target.To remove a target’s data, choose the appropriate data box and press the CANCEL/HL OFF key. ABBRG 016.4°R RNG 00.65NM CPA 00.60NMCSE 018.4°M SPD 12.34kt TCPA 10:00ATRUE 5 minData box (A or B)Vector referenceVector timeTarget no.Time to CPACPANo.10 Data box A Data box BBearing, range, CPACourse, speed, TCPA+ 110.1°R 2.525 NM +3NM0.5 Cursor+ARP Target+
3. ARP OPERATION3-83.9 CPA and TCPA AlarmWhen the predicted CPA of any ARP/AIS target becomes smaller than a preset CPA alarm range or its predicted TCPA less than a preset TCPA alarm limit, an audio alarm sounds and the collision visual alarm is generated.. In addition, the target plot symbol of the offending target changes to a triangle and flashes together with its vector. You may silence the audio alarm and acknowledge the alarm with the CANCEL/HL OFF key. The flashing of the triangle plot symbol continues until you intentionally terminate tracking of the target. The ARP continuously monitors the predicted range at the Closest Point of Approach (CPA) and predicted time to CPA (TCPA) of each track to own ship.This feature helps alert you to targets which may be on a collision course with own ship. However, it is important that GAIN, SEA, RAIN and other radar controls are properly adjusted and the ARP is set up so that it can track targets effectively..1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose CPA and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose appropriate time and then press the ENTER key.5. Choose TCPA and then press the ENTER key.6. Choose appropriate TCPA and then press the ENTER key.7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.CAUTIONThe CPA/TCPA alarm should never berelied upon as the sole means for detect-ing the risk of collision. The navigator isnot relieved of the responsibility to keepvisual lookout for avoiding collisions,whether or not the radar or other plottingaid is in use.Off0.5nm1nm2nm3nm5nm6nm30sec1min2min3min4min5min6min12min
3. ARP OPERATION3-93.10 Proximity AlarmThe proximity alerts you by audio and visual alarms when an ARP/AIS target is within the range you specify.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Proximity Alarm and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose appropriate range and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.3.11 Lost TargetWhen the system detects a lost target, the target symbol becomes a diamond and tracking is dis-continued after one minute. Lost target markCanceling a lost targetPlace the cursor on the target and then press the CANCEL/HL OFF key.Off0.5nm1nm2nm3nm5nm6nm12nm24nm01
3. ARP OPERATION3-103.12 Symbol ColorYou may choose the ARP/AIS symbol color from among Green, Red, Blue, White or Black.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose ARP and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Symbol Color and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose appropriate color and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.GreenRedBlueWhiteBlack
4-14. AIS OPERATIONConnected to an AIS Transponder via an AIS Interface, the FR-8xx2 series can show the name, position and other nav data of the nearest 100 AIS transponder-equipped ships. This radar accepts position data fixed by WGS-84 geodetic datum. Set the datum to WGS-84 on the GPS navigator connected to this radar. If other type of datum is input, the error message "DATUM" appears and the AIS feature is inoperative.4.1 Controls for Use with AISENTER: Displays data for cursor-selected active AIS target (in the data box at the bottom of the screen).CANCEL/HL OFF: Removes data of cursor-selected AIS target from the data box.MENU: Accesses the Target and AIS menus for AIS operations.Trackball: Chooses active target to display its data.4.2 Turning the AIS Display On or OffYou may turn the AIS display on or off. The system continues processing of AIS targets regardless of whether the AIS display is on or off, provided it has been activated.1. Press the MENU key to display the main menu.2. Choose AIS and then press the ENTER key.AIS menu3. Choose DIsplay and then press the ENTER key. 4. Choose Off or On as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.GPSBrill/ColorEchoMarkTarget TrailsCustom 1DisplayCustom 2Custom 3 TargetARPAISManual TuneMenuMenuAISAISSystemDisplay : OffSymbol Color : GreenRange : 3.0nmSector Start : 340Sector End : 20Sort By : RangeNumber of Target : 100S/T / W/X: Select[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back[MENU]: Exit
4. AIS OPERATION4-24.3 AIS SymbolsWhen the AIS is turned on, AIS targets are marked with appropriate AIS symbol as below.AIS symbolsNote 1: AIS symbols are momentarily erased after the screen is redrawn when the heading is changed in the Head-up mode.Note 2: When no AIS data is received, the message "RECEIVE" appears in the text window. Check the AIS transponder.4.4 Activating TargetsWhen you convert a sleeping target to an activated target, that target's course and speed are shown with a vector. You can easily judge target movement by monitoring the vector.Appearance of an active targetTo activate or sleep a target, place the cursor on the target and press the ENTER key.Sleeping target Activated target Dangerous targetLost target Target selectedfor data display Heading lineCOG (Course over Ground) vector(If there is no heading data,the line points in direction of COG.)Rate of turn(ROT)
4. AIS OPERATION4-34.5 Displaying AIS Target DataPlace the cursor on the active target that you want to know its data.AIS dataThe data for the chosen target is displayed in data box A or B. The box is chosen on a first-in, first-out basis. For example, if both data box A and data box B are currently showing data and an AIS target is selected to show its data, the data in data box A will be erased and replaced with the data of the newly selected AIS target.To remove a target’s data, choose the appropriate data box and press the CANCEL/HL OFF key. AB Data box A Data box B+ 110.1°R 2.525 NM +3NM0.5 +AIS Target+BRG 123.4°R RNG 23.45NM CPA 10.00NMCSE 303.4°M SPD 12.34kt TCPA 10:00ATRUE 5 min MMSI: *********Data box (A or B)Vector referenceVector timeMMSI of vesselLength, Beamof vesselNAME: PEGASUSLENGTH: 100M BEAM: 45MName ofvesselBearing, range, CPACourse, speed, TCPA
4. AIS OPERATION4-44.6 Display RangeYou may set the AIS target display range as below. This allows you to view only those AIS targets within the range you specify. The setting range is 0-96 miles but actual range depends on the con-nected AIS Transponder. If the target sorting method is selected to “Range,” the target data within the range set here are transmitted to this radar.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose AIS and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Range and then press the ENTER key.4. Use the trackball to set the display range and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.4.7 Sorting TargetsYou may sort AIS targets by range from own ship, by sector, by CPA or TCPA.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose AIS and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Range and then press the ENTER key.4. Use the trackball to choose desired sorting method and then press the ENTER key. For “Sector”, the data for targets within the sector are transmitted to this radar.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.3nm(0.1nm-96.0nm)RangeSectorCPATCPA
4. AIS OPERATION4-54.8 Display SectorYou may choose the area where to display AIS targets. The range of the sector may be from 0° to 359°.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose AIS and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Sector Start and then press the ENTER key.4. Use the trackball to set the starting point for the sector and then press the ENTER key. 5. Choose Sector End and then press the ENTER key.6. Use the trackball to set the end point for the sector and then press the ENTER key.7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.4.9 Number of Targets to DisplayYou may choose the number of AIS targets to display, from 10-100. This feature is useful when the screen becomes cluttered with AIS targets.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose AIS and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Number of Targets and then press the ENTER key.4. Use the trackball to choose the number of targets to display and then press the ENTER key.Press the MENU key to close the menu.340(0-359) 20(0-359) 100(0-100)
4. AIS OPERATION4-64.10 Vector AttributesWhat is a vector?A vector is a line extending from a tracked target which shows estimated course of the AIS target. The vector tip shows an estimated position of the target after the selected vector time elapses. It can be useful to extend the vector length (time) in order to evaluate the risk of collision with any target. (See the illustration on page 4-2 for the appearance of a vector.)Vector time, vector referenceVector time can be set to 30 seconds, 1, 3, 6, 15 or 30 minutes. You may reference the vectors to North (True, requires heading and speed data) or ship's heading (relative) as desired. 1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.Target menu3. Choose Vector Time and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose desired vector time and then press the ENTER key.5. Choose Vector Reference and then press the ENTER key.6. Choose Relative or True as appropriate and then press the ENTER key.7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.GPSBrill/ColorEchoMarkTarget TrailsCustom 1DisplayCustom 2Custom 3 TargetARPAISManual TuneMenuMenuTargetTargetSystemVector Time : 6 minVector Reference : RelativeHistory Dots : 5History Intervals : 1 minCPA : 1 nmTCPA : 1 minProximity Alarm : OffS/T / W/X: Select[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back[MENU]: Exit30sec1min3min6min15min30minRelativeTrueVector time choicesVector reference choices
4. AIS OPERATION4-74.11 History Display (target past position)This radar can display time-spaced dots (maximum ten dots) marking the past positions of any ARP/AIS target being tracked. You can evaluate a target's actions by the spacing between dots. Below are examples of dot spacing and target movement.Target movement and history displayYou may choose the number of history dots to display and the time interval to display them.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose History Dots and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose number of history dots to display (5 or 10) or choose Off to turn off the history display.5. Press the ENTER key.6. Choose History Interval and then press the ENTER key.7. Choose appropriate time interval and then press the ENTER key.8. Press the MENU key to close the menu.(a) Ship turning (b) Ship running straight (c) Ship reduced speed(d) Ship increased speedOff51015sec30sec1min2min3min6min12min
4. AIS OPERATION4-84.12 CPA and TCPA AlarmWhen the predicted CPA of any ARP/AIS target becomes smaller than a preset CPA alarm range or its predicted TCPA less than a preset TCPA alarm limit, an audio alarm sounds and the symbol of the offending AIS target changes to the dangerous target symbol. Dangerous target symbolYou may silence the audio alarm with the CANCEL/HL OFF key. The flashing of the symbol con-tinues until you intentionally terminate tracking of the target. The ARP continuously monitors the predicted range at the Closest Point of Approach (CPA) and predicted time to CPA (TCPA) of each AIS target.This feature helps alert you to targets which may be on a collision course with own ship. However, it is important that GAIN, SEA, RAIN and other radar controls are properly adjusted.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose CPA and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose appropriate time and then press the ENTER key.5. Choose TCPA and then press the ENTER key.6. Choose appropriate TCPA and then press the ENTER key.7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.Triangle is thickerthan that of activetargetOff0.5nm1nm2nm3nm5nm6nm30sec1min2min3min4min5min6min12min
4. AIS OPERATION4-94.13 Proximity AlarmThe proximity alerts you by audio and visual alarms when an ARP/AIS target is within the range you specify.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose Target and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Proximity Alarm and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose appropriate range and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.4.14 Lost TargetWhen the system detects a lost target, the target symbol becomes a diamond and tracking is dis-continued after one minute. Lost target markCanceling a lost targetPlace the cursor on the target and then press the CANCEL/HL OFF key.Off0.5nm1nm2nm3nm5nm6nm12nm24nm
4. AIS OPERATION4-104.15 Symbol ColorYou may choose the ARP/AIS symbol color from among Green, Red, Blue, White or Black.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Choose ARP and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Symbol Color and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose appropriate color and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.GreenRedBlueWhiteBlack
5-15. GPS OPERATIONWith connection of a FURUNO GPS navigator, you may set up the GPS navigator from this radar.5.1 Navigator Type1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.GPS menu3. Choose Type and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose type of navigator connected to this radar and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.GPSBrill/ColorEchoMarkTarget TrailsCustom 1DisplayCustom 2Custom 3 TargetARPAISManual TuneMenuMenuGPSGPSSystemType : WAASDatum : WGS-84Datum Number : 001WAAS : AutoWAAS Number : 120GPS Self TestSatellite MonitorType 16 MessageForward Offset : 0Right Offset : 0Cold StartS/T / W/X: Select[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back[MENU]: ExitGPSWAASDGPS
5. GPS OPERATION5-25.2 DatumChoose the datum type which matches the paper nautical charts you are using. Choose WGS-84 if the radar is interfaced to an AIS Transponder.1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Datum and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose appropriate datum type and then press the ENTER key. For Other, do steps 5 and 6. For other choices, go to step 7.5. Choose Datum Number and then press the ENTER key.6. Use the trackball to choose datum number and then press the ENTER key.7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.5.3 WAAS SetupChoose either automatic or manual WAAS satellite tracking. For manual tracking choose the WAAS satellite to use.1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose WAAS and then press the ENTER key.4. Choose Auto or Manual as appropriate and then press the ENTER key. For Manual, do steps 5 and 6. For Auto, go to step 7.5. Choose WAAS Number and then press the ENTER key.6. Use the trackball to choose appropriate WAAS satellite number and then press the ENTER key.7. Press the MENU key to close the menu.WGS-84TokyoOther 001AutoManual 120
5. GPS OPERATION5-35.4 Satellite MonitorThe Satellite Monitor provides comprehensive information about GPS and WAAS satellites. For more detailed information, see your GPS navigator’s owner’s manual.1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Satellite Monitor and then press the ENTER key.Satellite monitorTo close only the satellite monitor display, press the ENTER key.D3D DOP1.585mSatellite MonitorDGPS StatusStation HealthDGPS DataSignal StrengthSignal SNROKOK10dB11dB13Altitude01GPSWAAS122416SNRSatellite30 40 50122013118190607090813Satellite Monitor161301 0619180907 08311224BearingdisplayDOP (Dilution of Precision, 0-99.0)SNR of tracked GPS satellitesSatellites whose SNR is above40 are used to fix position.GPS mode2D, 3D, D2DD3D, W2DW3D, DOPGPS satelliteno.WAASsatelliteSatellites in ring have elevationangle of 5°Satellites in ring have elevationangle of 45°OK or NG (No Good) displayedOK or NG (No Good) displayed 0-99 db, higher the better 0-99 db, higher the betterSatellitealtitudeWAAS satelliteWN[MENU]: Close MENU [ENTER]: Close this window
5. GPS OPERATION5-45.5 Type 16 MessageThe type 16 message provides weather information. It is transmitted by the Japan Maritime Safety Agency, thus you must be within the transmitting range of a japanese DGPS reference station to receive this type of message.You may display this type of message as follows:1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Type 16 Message and then press the ENTER key. (If no messages are present you cannot choose this menu item.) Type 16 messageWeather messages from as many as six DPGS reference stations are shown and the latest is at the top.The oldest message is erased when a new message arrives.To close only the message board, press the ENTER key.Type 16 MessageType 16 MessagePoint Name Time Wind Pressure WaveDirection/SpeedMurotasakiKobeOsakakoOsekiTomgashimaShinomisaki13:2513:5513:4513:1513:5013:5513:3513:0513:3013:00ENENENWNNNWSSWSNWW5m10m5m10m5m10m5m10m5m10m1015hPa1016hPa1015hPa1017hPa1017hPa1017hPa1013hPa1015hPa1015hPa1016hPa10m13m11m10m9m10m8m9m5m10m13:3013:00 NWW5m10m 1015hPa1016hPa 5m10m[MENU]: Close MENU [ENTER]: Close this windowName of DGPSreference stationTimeWind directionand speed(16 compass pts.)Atmosphericpressure (0-9999 hPa)Wave height(0-99 m)
5. GPS OPERATION5-55.6 GPS Sensor Installation Position OffsetThe installation position of the GPS sensor antenna and the radar antenna must be the same in order to get accurate position information on the radar. If they are different, measure the distance between the GPS sensor antenna and the radar antenna, in the bow/stern and/or port/starboard direction, and enter those distances in the radar as follows:1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Forward Offset (bow or stern offset) or Right Offset (port or starboard offset) as appro-priate and then press the ENTER key. 4. Use the trackball to set value and then press the ENTER key.+ value: Bow direction, port direction- value: Stern direction, starboard direction5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.+ 0m(-999m-+999m)
5. GPS OPERATION5-65.7 Cold StartA cold start may be necessary in the following conditions:• If the GPS receiver has been powered off for a long period of time.• The vessel has far away from the previous fixing position (e.g., more than 500 km).• Other reason that prevents the receiver from finding its position within five minutes after power on.To perform a cold start, do the following:1. Press the MENU key to show the menu.2. Choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.3. Choose Cold Start and then press the ENTER key. 4. Choose Yes and then press the ENTER key.5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.ConfirmIs it all right?YesNo
6-16. MAINTENANCE &TROUBLESHOOTINGThis chapter provides the necessary procedures for maintenance and troubleshooting. Follow the recommend procedures to keep your radar in good working order.WARNINGDo not open the equipment.Hazardous voltage which cancause electrical shock existsinside the equipment. Only qualified personnel should work inside the equipment.Turn off the radar powerswitch before servicing the antenna unit. Post a warn-ing sign near the switchindicating it should not beturned on while the antennaunit is being serviced.Prevent the potential risk ofbeing struck by the rotatingantenna and exposure to RF radiation hazard.Wear a safety belt and hardhat when working on the antenna unit.Serious injury or death canresult if someone falls fromthe radar antenna mast.
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING6-26.1 Preventive MaintenanceRegular maintenance is important for optimum performance. A maintenance program should be established and should at least include the items shown in the table below.MaintenanceInterval Item Check point RemedyWhennecessaryLCD The LCD will, in time, accumulate a coating of dust which tends to dim the picture. Wipe LCD lightly with soft cloth to remove dust.Wipe the LCD carefully to prevent scratching, using tissue paper and an LCD cleaner. To remove dirt or salt deposits, use an LCD cleaner, wiping slowly with tissue paper so as to dissolve the dirt or salt. Change paper frequently so the salt or dirt will not scratch the LCD. Do not use solvents such as thinner, acetone or benzene for cleaning. They may remove paint and markings.3 to 6monthsGroundterminal on dis-play unitCheck for tight connec-tion and rust.Tighten or replace as necessary.DIsplay unitconnectorsCheck for tight connec-tion.Tighten if loosened.Exposed nuts and bolts on antenna unitCheck for corroded or loosened bolts.Clean and repaint as necessary. Sealing compound may be used in place of paint.Antenna radiatorCheck for dirt and cracks on radiatorsurface.fClean radiator surface with freshwater-moistened cloth. Do not use plastic sol-vents for cleaning.
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING6-36.2 Replacement of FusesThe fuse on the power cable protects the equipment from reverse polarity of the ship's mains and equipment fault. If the fuse blows, find out the cause before replacing it. Use the correct fuse. Using the wrong fuse will damage the equipment and void the warranty.6.3 Replacing the MagnetronWhen the magnetron has expired, distant targets cannot be seen on the display. When you feel that long range performance has decreased, contact a FURUNO agent or dealer about replace-ment. Unit and fusesUnit Power supply FuseDIsplay unit 12 V 15 A24 V 10 APower supply unit (for FR-8252)12 V 15 A24 V 10 AModel and magnetronModel Magnetron type Code No.FR-8062 MAF1422B 000-146-871FR-8122 MAF1425B 000-146-872FR-8252 MAF1458B 000-140-344WARNINGUse the proper fuse.Use of a wrong fuse can result in damageto the equipment or cause fire.
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING6-46.4 Trackball MaintenanceIf the cursor skips or moves abnormally, you may need to clean the Trackball.DIsplay unit1. Turn the retainer ring counterclockwise 45° to unlock it.2. Remove the retainer ring and ball.3. Clean the ball with a soft lint-free cloth, and then blow carefully into the ball-cage to dislodge dust and lint.4. Look for a build-up of dirt on the metal rollers. If dirty, clean the rollers with a cotton swab moist-ened lightly with isopropyl-rubbing alcohol.5. Make sure that fluff from the swab is not left on the rollers.6. Replace the ball and retainer ring. Be sure the retainer ring is not inserted reversely.Trackball maintenance parts are available as below.Part Type No. Code No.Retainer ring and ball MU3721 000-144-645ENTERTARGETALARMCANCELHL OFFTLLMENUEBLZOOM OFFCENTERTRAILSVRMF1F2PUSH AUTO/MANPUSH AUTO/MANPUSH AUTO/MANSTBYTXMODECUSTOM+RANGE-GAINSEARAINPOWERBRILLTrackball
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING6-56.5 Simple TroubleshootingThis section provides simple troubleshooting procedures which the user can follow to restore normal operation. If you cannot restore normal operation do not attempt to check inside the unit. Any trouble should be referred to a qualified technician.Simple troubleshootingIf... But... Then...you cannot turn on the power• Check for blown fuse.• Check that the power connector is firmlyfastened.• Check for corrosion on the power cableconnector.• Check for damaged power cable.• Check battery for proper voltage output (10.8-31.2 V).there is no response when a key is pressedTurn off and on the power. If there still is no response the key may be faulty. Contact your dealer for advice.if the power is on and you operated the STBY/TX key to transmitnothing appears on thedisplayCheck that the antenna cable is firmly fastened.marks and legends appearsno echo appears Check that the antenna cable is firmly fastened.tuning is properly adjustedsensitivity is poor The magnetron may need to be replaced.Contact your dealer.the range is changed but radar picture does not change• Try to hit the RANGE key again.• Turn the display unit off and on.there is poor discrim-ination in rangeAdjust the SEA control.the true motionpresentation is not working properly• Reselect the true motion mode.• Check if heading and speed are input.the range rings are not displayedCheck that the setting of Range Rings Brill in the Brill/Color sub menu is set to other than Off.
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING6-66.6 Advanced-level TroubleshootingThis paragraph describes how to cure hardware and software troubles which should be carried out by qualified service personnel.Note: This radar equipment contains complex modules in which fault diagnosis and repair down to component level are not practicable by users.Advanced-level troubleshootingProblem Probable cause orcheck points RemedyPower turned on but radar does not work1) Blown fuse.2) Mains voltage/polarity3) Power supply board1) Replace blown fuse.2) Correct wiring and input voltage.3) Replace power supply board.Brilliance adjusted but no picture1) SPU Board 1) Replace SPU board.Antenna not rotating 1) Antenna drive mechanism 1) Replace antenna drive mechanism.Data and marks not displayed in Transmit status1) SPU board 1) Replace SPU board.Adjust GAIN with SEA set at minimum. Marks and indications appear but no noise or echo1) IF amplifier2) Signal cable between antenna and processor unit3. Video amplifier board1) Replace IF amplifier.2) Check continuity and isolation of coaxial cable.Note: Disconnect the plug and lugs at both ends of coaxial cable before checking it (by ohmmeter).3) Check coax line for secure connection. If connection is good, replace SPU board.Marks, indications and noise appear but no echo (Transmis-sion leak repre-senting own ship position is absent)1) Tx fuse2) Magnetron3) Modulator board4) SPU board1) If fuse has blown, replace it. If it blows again, the modulator or associated circuit may be defective.2) Check magnetron current.3) Replace modulator board.4) Replace SPU board.Picture not updated or picture freeze-up1) Bearing signal generator2) SPU board3) Video freeze-up1) Check that signal cables are fastened securely.2) Replace SPU board.3) Turn the radar off and on.Radar is properly tuned but sensitivity is poor1) Deteriorated magnetron2) Detuned MIC3) Dirt on radiator face4) 2nd trace echo rejector is ON.1) With the radar transmitting on 48 nm range, check magnetron current. If cur-rent is below normal, magnetron may be defective. Replace the magnetron.2) Check MIC detecting current. If it is below normal value, MIC may have become detuned. MIC must be tuned3) Clean radiator.4) Turn off the 2nd trace echo rejector, on the Echo menu.
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING6-7Range changed but radar picture does not change1) Defective range key2) SPU board3) Video freeze-up1) Try to operate the RANGE key. If unsuc-cessful, replacement of the keypad may be necessary.2) Replace SPU board.3) Turn radar off and on.Interference rejector is not working (inter-ference rejection level not displayed)1) SPU Board 1) Replace SPU Board.Echo stretch is not working (Neither ES1, ES2 or ES3 is displayed)1) SPU Board 1) SPU BoardRange rings are not displayed1) Adjust their brilliance on the Brill/Color menu.2) SPU Board1) Replace associated circuit board if unsuc-cessful.2) Replace SPU Board.Poor discrimination in rangeSea clutter control not func-tioning properlyImproper adjustment of SEA control. True motion presen-tation not working properly1) Poor contact of MODE key.2) TM display accurate 1) Try to press the key a little harder.2) Make sure that speed and compass inputs are accurate.Target not tracked correctlyPoor definition of targets in sea clutterAdjust SEA and RAIN controls.Advanced-level troubleshootingProblem Probable cause orcheck points Remedy
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING6-86.7 System TestThe diagnostic test checks the system for proper operation.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Use the trackball to choose Factory from the System menu and then press the ENTER key.Factory menuGPSBrill/ColorEchoMarkTarget TrailsCustom 1DisplayCustom 2Custom 3 TargetARPAISManual TuneSystemInitialFactoryInstallationTestLCD PatternMemory ClearMenuMenuFactoryFactoryS/T / W/X: Select[ENTER]: Enter [CANCEL/HL OFF]: Back[MENU]: Exit
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING6-93. Use the trackball to choose Test and then press the ENTER key.DIagnostics screen• At the top of the screen the results of system checks are displayed. OK or NG (No Good) is shown as the result for the check of ROM, RAM, data ports NMEA1 and NMEA2 (blank if no data is input) and RS-232C. For any NG contact your dealer for advice. PROGRAM NUMBER shows program number and program version number.• Heading and bearing signals are checked for proper input and the result displayed as OK or NG. Tune and indicator voltages, antenna rotation speed, antenna motor voltage, echo level and trigger frequency are measured and shown. TOTAL ON TIME and TOTAL TX TIME show the total number of hours the radar has been powered and trans-mitted, respectively.• The INPUT NMEA window shows all the NMEA sentences being input to this radar. • If the optional ARP-11 is connected, its program number and test results are shown below the INPUT NMEA window.INPUT NMEAROM : OKRAM : OKNMEA1 : OKNMEA2 : OKRS-232C : OKPROGRAM NUMBER : 0317101-XX.XXHEADING : OKBEARING : OKTUNE VOLTAGE : 10.1 VINDICATOR VOLTAGE : 4.2 VANTENNA ROTATION : 48.1 rmpMOTOR VOLTAGE : 23.4 VECHO LEVEL : -40 dBmTRIGGER FREQUENCY : 3000 HzTOTAL ON TIME : 123456.7 HTOTAL TX TIME : 987654.3 HInput NMEA data sentences appear here.ARP-11 PROGRAM NUMBER: 035-1515-XX.XXARP-11 : OK[MENU] x 3 : Exit<REMOTE CONTROLLER>000000000000000
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING6-10• At the right side of the display there are squares, circles and ovals, and they are for checking the controls of the display unit and remote controller. Press each key one by one. The key’s on location “lights” (color depends on color scheme in use) if the key is functioning normally and extinguishes when the key is released. For the GAIN, SEA and and RAIN controls the three-digits below each control changes according to control position, and the range is 0-100. The three digits below the trackball show the trackball’s on-screen X-Y position and the range of display is 0-255.4. Press the MENU key three times on the display unit or remote controller to esape from the test.6.8 LCD TestThe LCD pattern test checks the LCD for proper display of colors.1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Use the trackball to choose Factory from the System menu and then press the ENTER key.3. Use the trackball to choose LCD Pattern and then press the ENTER key.The screen is initially all white. Hit the MENU key to display the test pattern for black, red, blue and green colors.LCD test screens4. Press the MENU key to close the menu.WHITE BLACK RED GREEN BLUEMENUkeyMENUkey
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING6-116.9 GPS TestThe FURUNO GPS receiver interfaced with this radar can be checked for proper operation as fol-lows:1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Use the trackball to choose GPS and then press the ENTER key.3. Use the trackball to choose GPS Self Test and then press the ENTER key. The program no. and results of the test are shown, as OK or NG (No Good). For NG, check the GPS receiverGPS self test results4. Press the MENU key to close the menu.GPS Self TestGPS Self TestProgram No. : 48502380XXResult : OKXX = Program version no.
6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING6-126.10 Clearing the MemoryYou may wish to clear the memory to restore all default settings, to start afresh. 1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.2. Use the trackball to choose Factory from the System menu and then press the ENTER key.3. Use the trackball to choose Memory Clear and then press the ENTER key. You are asked if you are sure to clear the memory.4.Choose Yes and then press the ENTER key to clear the memory.5. When the memory is cleared a long buzzer sounds.ConfirmIs it all right?YesNo
FURUNO FR-8xx2 Series SP - 1 E354S01A SPECIFICATIONS OF MARINE RADAR FR-8062/FR-8122/FR-8252 1. GENERAL 1.1 Range, Pulse length, (PL) & Pulse repetition rate (PRR) Range (nm) Pulse length (µs) PRR (Hz approx.) 0.125 to 1.5 0.08 2100 1.5 to 3 0.3 1200 3 to 96 0.8 600 1.2 Maximum Range 96 nm (all models) 1.3 Range Resolution 20 m 1.4 Bearing Resolution 1.9° (4 ft), 1.2° (6 ft) 1.5 Minimum Range 21 m 1.6 Bearing Accuracy ±1.0° 1.7 Range, Range Ring Accuracy 1.0% of range or 8 m, whichever is the greater 2. ANTENNA UNIT 2.1 XN-12A (4 ft) 2.1.1 Radiator Slotted array 2.1.2 Polarization Horizontal 2.1.3 Antenna Rotation 24 rpm, 36 rpm, 48 rpm, range dependent rpm. (24 rpm motor fixed at 24 rpm.) 2.1.4 Radiator Length 125.5 cm 2.1.5 Horizontal Beamwidth 1.9° 2.1.6 Vertical Beamwidth 2.2° 2.1.7 Sidelobe Attenuation -24 dB or less (within ±10° of main-lobe) -30 dB or less (±10° of main-lobe or more) 2.2 XN-13A (6 ft) 2.2.1 Radiator Slotted array 2.2.2 Polarization Horizontal 2.2.3 Antenna Rotation 24 rpm, 36 rpm, 48 rpm, range dependent rpm. (24 rpm motor fixed at 24 rpm.) 2.2.4 Radiator Length 180 cm 2.2.5 Horizontal Beamwidth 1.35° 2.2.6 Vertical Beamwidth 2.2° 2.2.7 Sidelobe Attenuation -28 dB or less (within ±10° of main-lobe) -35 dB or less (±10° of main-lobe or more) 3. RF TRANSCEIVER 3.1 Frequency and Modulation 9410 MHz ±30MHz (X band), P0N 3.2 Peak Output Power FR-8062: 6 kW, FR-8112: 12 kW, FR-8052: 25 kW
FURUNO FR-8xx2 Series SP - 2 E354S01A 3.3 Intermediate Frequency 60 MHz 3.4 Tuning Automatic or manual 3.5 Pulse length, PL, PRF and range Pulse length Short Medium Long PL (µs) 0.08 0.3 0.8 PRF (Hz) 2100 1200 800 Range scale (nm) 0.125, 0,25, 0,5, 0,75, 1,0 1.5, 2, 3 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 64, 72, 96 3.6 Noise figure 6 dB (typical) 4. DISPLAY UNIT 4.1 Display 12.1-inch rectangular TFT color LCD, 600 x 800 dots, Effective radar display 298 dots 4.2 Range, Range Ring Interval (RI), Number of Rings Range 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 2 3 4 6 8 12 16 24 36 48 647296Ring Interval 0.025 0.05 0.1 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 1 1 2 2 4 4 6 8 161216No. of rings 5 5 5 3 4 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 6 6 4 6 64.3 Markers Heading Line, Bearing Scale, Range Rings, Variable Range Marker (VRM), Electronic Bearing Line (EBL), Target Alarm Zone, Waypoint Mark (navigation input required), Zoom Win-dow 4.4 Alphanumeric Indications Range, Range Ring Interval, Interference Rejection (IR), Vari-able Range Marker (VRM), Electronic Bearing Line (EBL), Stand-by (ST-BY), Echo Averaging (EAV), TX Pulse width, Guard Alarm (G(IN), G(OUT)), Echo Stretch (ES), Range and Bearing to Cursor or Cursor Position, Echo Trail Reference, Echo Trail Time, Nav Data (Position, Speed, Course, etc.), ARP/AIS Target Data 5. POWER SUPPLY 5.1 Rated Voltage/Current FR-8062 - 12-24 VDC: 3.2 A (24 V, no wind) FR-8122 - 12-24 VDC: 3.8 A (24 V, no wind) FR-8252 - 12-24 VDC: 5.0 A (24 V, no wind) 5.2 Rectifier (option) 100-115/220-230 VAC, 1 phase, 50/60 Hz 6. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 6.1 Ambient Temperature Antenna Unit: -25°C to +70°C Display Unit: -15°C to +55°C Remote Controller: +5°C to +45°C Power Supply Unit: -15°C to +55°C 6.2 Relative Humidity 93% or less at +40°C
FURUNO FR-8xx2 Series SP - 3 E354S01A 6.3 Waterproofing Antenna Unit: IPX6 Display Unit: IPX5 Remote Controller, Power Supply Unit: IPX0 6.4 Vibration IEC 60945-4th - 2Hz to 5 Hz and up to 13.2 Hz with a deviation of ±1 mm ±10% (7 m/s2 maximum acceleration at 13.2 Hz); - above 13.2 Hz and up to 100 Hz with a constant maximum acceleration of 7 m/s2 . 7. COATING COLOR 7.1 Display Unit N3.0 7.2 Antenna Unit N9.5
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IN-1INDEXAAdvanced-level troubleshooting, 6-6AISactivating targets, 4-2activating, deactivating, 4-1controls for, 4-1CPA, TCPA alarm, 4-8display on/off, 4-2display range, 4-4display sector, 4-5lost target, 4-9number of targets, 4-5proximity alarm, 4-9sorting targets, 4-4symbol color, 4-10target data, 4-3target past positions (history display), 4-7vector, 4-6Alarm message, 1-44Antenna speed, 1-42ARPacquiring targets, 3-3activating, deactivating, 3-2controls for, 3-2CPA, TCPA alarm, 3-8lost target, 3-9past target positions, 3-6proximity alarm, 3-9symbol color, 3-10terminating tracking of target, 3-4usage precautions, 3-1vector, 3-5BBackground color, 1-38CCANCEL/HL OFF key, 1-33Characteristics curve, 1-42Color schemes, 1-38Control description, 1-2Controls, 1-1Course-up mode, 1-9Cursor, 1-15CUSTOM key, 1-34Custom setupdescription, 1-34setting, 1-35DDepth unit, 1-47Dynamic range, 1-41EEBLmeasuring bearing by, 1-19reference, 1-19EBL key, 1-20Echo area, 1-45Echo averaging, 1-27Echo stretch, 1-26FF1, F2 key, 1-36False echoes, 2-3Function keys, 1-36Fuse replacement, 6-3GGAIN controladjustment method, 1-11automatic adjustment, 1-11manual adjustment, 1-12GPScold start, 5-6datum, 5-2navigator type, 5-1satellite monitor, 5-3sensor installation offset, 5-5test, 6-11type 16 message, 5-4WAAS, 5-2GPS test, 6-11HHeading line, 1-33Heading marker, 1-33Head-up mode, 1-8Head-up true bearing mode, 1-9IIndications, 1-5Initial menu, 1-46Interference rejector, 1-16KKey beep, 1-46MMagnetron replacement, 6-3Maintenancefuse replacement, 6-3magnetron replacement, 6-3preventive, 6-2trackball, 6-4Memory clear, 6-12Menu, 1-6MENU key, 1-6MODE key, 1-8Multiple echoes, 2-3
INDEXIN-2NNavigation dataat screen bottom, 1-40standby, 1-39Noise rejector, 1-36North-up mode, 1-9OOFF CENTER key, 1-24Offcentering the display, 1-24Origin mark, 1-33PParallel index linesmode, 1-32turning on/off, 1-31POWER/BRILL key, 1-4, 1-6Presentation modecourse-up, 1-9heading, 1-8north-up, 1-9true bearing mode, 1-9true motion, 1-10Preventive maintenance, 6-2Pulse length, 1-11QQuick start, 1-4RRACON, 2-6RAIN controladjustment method, 1-13automatic adjustment, 1-14manual adjustment, 1-14Range and bearing between two targets, 1-20RANGE key, 1-10Range measurement, 1-17Range preset, 1-47Range ring brilliance, 1-17Range unit, 1-46SSART, 2-5SEA controladjustment method, 1-12automatic adjustment, 1-12manual adjustment, 1-13Second-trace echoes, 1-37Ship speed unit, 1-47Sidelobe echoes, 2-3STBY/TX key, 1-4System configuration, 1-ixSystem test, 6-8TTarget alarmacknowledging, 1-22alarm type, 1-22sensitivity, 1-23setting, 1-21TARGET ALARM key, 1-21Target trailscolor, 1-29gradation, 1-29level, 1-29long trails, 1-31mode, 1-28own ship trail, 1-30restarting, 1-31starting, 1-28stopping, 1-28thin trails, 1-30trail copy, 1-30Temperature unit, 1-47TestsGPS test, 6-11LCD test, 6-10system, 6-8TLL key, 1-32Trackball maintenance, 6-4TRAILS key, 1-28Troubleshootingadvanced level, 6-6simple, 6-5True motion mode, 1-10Tuning, 1-7VVirtual image, 2-4VRMmeasuring range by, 1-17unit of range measurement, 1-18VRM key, 1-17WWatchman, 1-37Waypoint mark, 1-43Wind direction, 1-47Wind speed unit, 1-47ZZOOM key, 1-25

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