Cisco Linksys BEFW11S4V4 Wireless Access Point Router User Manual BEFW11S4 V4 UG Rev NC

Cisco-Linksys, LLC Wireless Access Point Router BEFW11S4 V4 UG Rev NC

User Manual

Instant Wireless®Series Wireless-B Broadband RouterUse this guide to install: BEFW11S4User Guide
COPYRIGHT & TRADEMARKS Specifications are subject to change without notice. Copyright © 2003 Linksys, All RightsReserved. Instant Wireless, Linksys, and the Linksys logo are registered trademarks ofLinksys Group, Inc. Microsoft, Windows, and the Windows logo are registered trade-marks of Microsoft Corporation. All other trademarks and brand names are the proper-ty of their respective proprietors.LIMITED WARRANTY Linksys guarantees that every Instant Wireless®Wireless-B Broadband Router is freefrom physical defects in material and workmanship for one year from the date of pur-chase, when used within the limits set forth in the Specifications chapter of this UserGuide. TThhiiss WWaarrrraannttyy iiss vvaalliidd aanndd mmaayy bbee pprroocceesssseedd oonnllyy iinn tthhee ccoouunnttrryy ooff ppuurrcchhaassee..If the product proves defective during this warranty period, go to the Linksys website atwww.linksys.comfor complete RMA (Return Merchandise Authorization) assistance. Youcan also call Linksys Technical Support in order to obtain a RMA Number. BE SURE TOHAVE YOUR PROOF OF PURCHASE AND A BARCODE FROM THE PRODUCT’S PACK-AGING ON HAND WHEN CALLING. RETURN REQUESTS CANNOT BE PROCESSEDWITHOUT PROOF OF PURCHASE. When returning a product, mark the RMA Numberclearly on the outside of the package and include a copy of your original proof of pur-chase. All customers located outside of the United States of America and Canada shallbe held responsible for shipping and handling charges.IN NO EVENT SHALL LINKSYS’ LIABILITY EXCEED THE PRICE PAID FOR THE PROD-UCT FROM DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAM-AGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THE PRODUCT, ITS ACCOMPANYING SOFT-WARE, OR ITS DOCUMENTATION. LINKSYS OFFERS NO REFUNDS FOR ITS PROD-UCTS. Linksys makes no warranty or representation, expressed, implied, or statutory,with respect to its products or the contents or use of this documentation and all accom-panying software, and specifically disclaims its quality, performance, merchantability, orfitness for any particular purpose. Linksys reserves the right to revise or update its prod-ucts, software, or documentation without obligation to notify any individual or entity.Please direct all inquiries to:Linksys P.O. Box 18558, Irvine, CA 92623. FCC STATEMENTThe Instant Wireless Wireless-B Broadband Route has been tested and complies with thelimits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits aredesigned to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residentialinstallation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energyand, if not installed and used according to the instructions, may cause harmful interfer-ence to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will notoccur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference toradio or television reception, which is found by turning the equipment off and on, the useris encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna• Increase the separation between the equipment or devices• Connect the equipment to an outlet other than the receiver’s• Consult a dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for assistanceFCC Caution: Any changes or modifications nor expressly approved by the party respon-sible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment.This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the followingtwo conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) This devicemust accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesiredoperation.FCC RF Radiation Exposure StatementThis device and its antenna(s) must operate with a separation distance of at least 20 cmfrom all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any otherantenna or transmitter. End-users must be provided with specific operations for satisfy-ing RF exposure compliance. INDUSTRY CANADA (CANADA)This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian IC-03.Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.The use of this device in a system operating either partially or completely outdoors mayrequire the user to obtain a license for the system according to the Canadian regulations.EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY (EUROPE)Linksys Group declares that the Instant Wireless Series products included in the InstantWireless Series conform to the specifications listed below, following the provisions of theEMC Directive 89/336/EEC and Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC:ETS 301489-17, 301 489-1 General EMC requirements for Radio equipment.EN 609 50 SafetyETS 300-328-2 Technical requirements for Radio equipment.Note: This equipment is intended to be used in all EU and EFTA countries. Outdoor usemay be restricted to certain frequencies and/or may require a license for operation. Formore details, contact Linksys Corporate Compliance.Note: Combinations of power levels and antennas resulting in a radiated power level ofabove 100 mW are considered as not compliant with the above mentioned directive andare not allowed for use within the European community and countries that have adoptedthe European R&TTE directive 1999/5/EC and/or the CEPT recommendation Rec 70.03.For more details on legal combinations of power levels and antennas, contact LinksysCorporate Compliance.• Linksys Group vakuuttaa täten että Instant Wireless Wireless-B Broadband Routertyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY, direktiivin 89/336/EEC ja direktiivin73/23/EEC oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien näiden direktiivien muiden ehto-jen mukainen.• Linksys Group déclare que le routeur de point d’accès sans fil avec commutateur 4ports est conforme aux conditions essentielles et aux dispositions relatives à ladirective 1999/5/EC, la directive 89/336/EEC, et à la directive 73/23/EEC.• Belgique B L’utilisation en extérieur est autorisé sur le canal 11 (2462 MHz), 12 (2467MHz), et 13 (2472 MHz). Dans le cas d’une utilisation privée, à l’extérieur d’un bâti-ment, au-dessus d’un espace public, aucun enregistrement n’est nécessaire pourune distance de moins de 300m. Pour une distance supérieure à 300m un enreg-istrement auprès de l’IBPT est requise. Pour une utilisation publique à l’extérieur debâtiments, une licence de l’IBPT est requise. Pour les enregistrements et licences,veuillez contacter l’IBPT.• France F: Bande de fréquence restreinte: seuls les canaux 10, 11, 12, 13 (2457,2462, 2467, et 2472 MHz respectivement) doivent être utilisés en France. Toute util-isation, qu'elle soit intérieure ou extérieure, est soumise à autorisation. Vous pouvezcontacter l'Autorité de Régulation des Télécommuniations (http://www.art-telecom.fr)pour la procédure à suivre.• France F: Restricted frequency band: only channels 10, 11, 12, 13 (2457, 2462,2467, and 2472 MHz respectively) may be used in France. License required forevery indoor and outdoor installations. Please contact ART for procedure to follow.• Deutschland D: Anmeldung im Outdoor-Bereich notwending, aber nicht genehmi-gungspflichtig. Bitte mit Händler die Vorgehensweise abstimmen.• Germany D: License required for outdoor installations. Check with reseller for proce-dure to follow.• Italia I: E' necessaria la concessione ministeriale anche per l'uso interno. Verificarecon i rivenditori la procedura da seguire. L'uso per installazione in esterni non e' per-messa.• Italy I: License required for indoor use. Use with outdoor installations not allowed.• the Netherlands NL License required for outdoor installations. Check with reseller forprocedure to follow.• Nederlands NL Licentie verplicht voor gebruik met buitenantennes. Neem contact opmet verkoper voor juiste procedure.BEFW11S4V4-UG-30408A BW
Instant Wireless®SeriesTable of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction 1The Linksys Wireless-B Broadband Router 1Features 1Minimum Requirements 2An Introduction to Routers and Networks 2IP Addresses 3The Wireless-B Broadband Router’s Ports 5The Wireless-B Broadband Router’s LEDs 6Chapter 2: Connecting the Router 7Before You Start 7Connecting Your Hardware Together & Booting Up 7Chapter 3: Configuring the PCs 10Overview 10Configuring Windows 95, 98, and Millennium PCs 10Configuring Windows 2000 PCs 12Configuring Windows XP PCs 14Chapter 4: Configuring the Router 16Chapter 5: Using the Router’s Web-Based Utility 21Setup 22Password 26Status 27DHCP 29Log 30Help 32Advanced Tab: Filters 34Advanced Tab: Port Range Forwarding 38Advanced Tab: Dynamic Routing 43Advanced Tab: Static Routing 44Advanced Tab: DMZ Host 46Advanced Tab: MAC Address Cloning 47Advanced Tab: Wireless 48Appendix A: Troubleshooting 51Common Problems and Solutions 51Frequently Asked Questions 64Appendix B: How to Ping YourISP’s E-mail and Web Addresses 70Appendix C: Configuring Wireless Security 73Configuring Wireless Security in Windows XP 76Appendix D: Finding the MAC Addressand IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter 81Appendix E: Glossary 85Appendix F: Specifications 99Environmental 99Appendix G: Warranty Information 100Appendix H: Contact Information 101Wireless-B Broadband Router
Chapter 1: IntroductionCongratulations on your purchase of a Wireless-B Broadband Router. TheWireless-B Broadband Router provides the ideal solution for connecting yourwireless network to a high-speed broadband Internet connection and a 10/100Fast Ethernet backbone. Configurable as a DHCP server for your existing net-work, the Wireless-B Broadband Router acts as the only externally recognizedInternet gateway on your local area network (LAN) and serves as an InternetNAT firewall against unwanted outside intruders. The Wireless-B BroadbandRouter can also be configured to filter internal users’ access to the Internet. A typical router relies on a hub or a switch to share its Internet connection, butthe Wireless-B Broadband Router channels this connection through the blaz-ing, full duplex speed of its built-in EtherFast®10/100 4-Port Switch. This cut-ting-edge combination of wireless router and switch technology eliminates theneed to buy an additional hub or switch and extends the range of your wirelessnetwork. Now your entire wireless network can enjoy blazing broadbandInternet connections supported by its robust switched backbone. With the dual-function speed and power of the Wireless-B Broadband Router, your networkwill take off at speeds faster than you ever imagined possible.• Supports Universal Plug-and-Play for easy configuration• Capable of up to 128-bit WEP Encryption• Supports enhanced security using NAT firewall• Supports IPSec and PPTP Pass-Through• Administer and upgrade the Router remotely over the Internet• Configurable as a DHCP Server on your network• Advanced security management functions for Port Filtering, MAC AddressFiltering, and DMZ Hosting• Includes one Ethernet Cable to Connect to a Cable or DSL modemFeatures1The Linksys Wireless-B Broadband RouterInstant Wireless®Series Wireless-B Broadband Router2• One Windows 98 SE, Millennium, 2000, or XP PC equipped with:• TCP/IP Protocol,• Internet Explorer 5.0 or Netscape Navigator 6 for web-basedconfiguration,• a CD-ROM Drive, and• an Ethernet Adapter with a UTP CAT 5 Network Cable• Cable or DSL Modem with Ethernet Connection and Internet AccessSimply put, a router is a network device that connects two networks together. In this instance, the Router connects your Local Area Network (LAN), or thegroup of PCs in your home or office, to the Internet. The Router processes andregulates the data that travels between these two networks. Think of the Router as a network device with two sides. The first side is madeup of your private Local Area Network (LAN) of PCs. The other, public sideis the Internet. The Router’s firewall (NAT) protects your network of PCs so users on the pub-lic, Internet side cannot “see” your PCs. This is how your LAN, or network,remains private. The Router protects your network by inspecting the first pack-et coming in from the Internet port before delivery to the final destination onthe LAN port. The Router inspects Internet port services like the web server,ftp server, or other Internet applications, and, if allowed, it will forward thepacket to the appropriate PC on the LAN side.Minimum RequirementsAn Introduction to Routers and Networks
What’s an IP Address?IP stands for Internet Protocol. Every device on an IP-based network, includ-ing PCs, print servers, and routers, requires an IP address to identify its “loca-tion,” or address, on the network. This applies to both the Internet and LANconnections.There are two ways of assigning an IP address to your network devices. Static IP AddressesA static IP address is a fixed IP address that you assign manually to a PC orother device on the network. Since a static IP address remains valid until youdisable it, static IP addressing insures that the device assigned it will have thatsame IP address until you change it. Static IP addresses are commonly usedwith network devices such as server PCs or print servers.If you use the Router to share your cable or DSL Internet connection, contactyour ISP to find out if they have assigned a static IP address to your account.If so, you will need that static IP address when configuring the Router. You canget the information from your ISP.3Dynamic IP AddressesA dynamic IP address is automatically assigned to a device on the network,such as PCs and print servers. These IP addresses are called “dynamic”because they are only temporarily assigned to the PC or device. After a certaintime period, they expire and may change. If a PC logs on to the network (or theInternet) and its dynamic IP address has expired, the DHCP server will assignit a new dynamic IP address.For DSL users, many ISPs may require you to log on with a user name andpassword to gain access to the Internet. This is called “Point to Point Protocolover Ethernet” or PPPoE. PPPoE is similar to a dial-up connection but does nothave a phone number to dial into, and PPPoE is a dedicated high-speed con-nection. PPPoE also will provide the Router with a dynamic IP address toestablish a connection to the Internet.DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) ServersDHCP frees you from having to assign IP addresses manually every time a newuser is added to your network. PCs and other network devices using dynamicIP addressing are assigned a new IP address by a DHCP server. The PC or net-work device obtaining an IP address is called the DHCP client. The Router’sInternet port is, by default, set as a DHCP client.DHCP servers can either be a designated PC on the network or another networkdevice, such as the Router. By default, a DHCP server is enabled on yourRouter’s LAN ports. If you already have a DHCP server running on your net-work, you must disable one of the two DHCP servers. If you run more than oneDHCP server on your network, you will experience network errors, such asconflicting IP addresses. To disable the Router’s DHCP function, see theDHCP section in Chapter 3: Configuring the Router.IP AddressesNNoottee::Since the Router is a device that connects two networks, it needs twoIP addresses—one for the LAN side, and one for the Internet side. In thisUser Guide, you’ll see references to the “Internet IP address” and the “LANIP address.”Since the Router has firewall security (NAT), only the Router’s Internet IPaddress can be seen from the Internet.However, even the Internet IP address can be blocked, so that the Router andnetwork seem invisible to the Internet—This is shown in the Filters section in“Chapter 5: Using the Routers Web-Based Utility”. NNoottee::Even if you assign a static IP address to a PC, other PCs can still useDHCP’s dynamic IP addressing, as long as the static IP is not within theDHCP range of the LAN IP Address.If the Router’s DHCP function fails to provide a dynamic IP address for anyreason, please refer to Appendix A: Troubleshooting.Instant Wireless®Series Wireless-B Broadband Router4
The Router’s LEDs, shown in Figure 1-2, display information about theRouter’s status.The LAN IndicatorsPower Green. This LED indicates that the Router’s power is on. Itwill blink when the Router is running its diagnostic programduring start-up. If it continues to blink, and the Router doesnot function properly, there is an error. See the “Appendix A:Troubleshooting” if this occurs.Wireless-B Green. This LED indicates wireless activity. It will blinkwhen there is activity on your network. It will be off whenwireless functions are not enabled.Ethernet Green. The LED for each of the Router’s ports blinks whenthere is activity on that port. A solid LED indicates a link. Itwill be off when there is no link.Internet Green. The LED for this port blinks when there is activity onthat port. A solid LED indicats an Internet connection . Itwill be off when there is no Internet connection.6The Wireless-B Broadband Router’s LEDsFigure 1-2The Router’s rear panel (as shown in Figure 1-1) is where all of its connectionsare made.Internet The Internet port is where you will connect your cable orDSL modem with an Ethernet cable. Your modem connectionwill not work from any other port. Ports 1-4 These four LAN (Local Area Network) ports are where youwill connect PCs, print servers, and any other devices youwant to put on your network.Power The Power port is where you will connect the included ACPower adapter.Antenna Jacks The Antenna Jacks are where the included antennas are con-nected.Figure 1-1The Wireless-B Broadband Router’s PortsInstant Wireless®Series Wireless-B Broadband Router5TThhee RReesseett BBuuttttoonnPressing the Reset Button and holding it in for a few seconds will clear allof the Router’s data and restore the factory defaults. This should be doneonly if you are experiencing heavy routing problems, and only after youhave exhausted all of the other troubleshooting options. By resetting theRouter, you run the risk of creating conflicts between your PCs’ actual IPAddresses and what the Router thinks their IP Addresses should be. Youmay be forced to reboot each network PC.If the Router locks up, simply press the reset button or power it down forthree to five seconds by removing the power cable from the Router’sPower Port. Leaving the power off for too long could result in the loss ofnetwork connections.
In addition to accessing the Router through an Ethernet connection, a wire-less connection can be used to access the Router. See the “For WirelessConnections” section that follows these connection instructions.3. Connect another Ethernetcable from your cable orDSL modem to theRouter’s Internet port (asshown in Figure 2-2).4. Connect the Power Adapter(included) to the Router’sPower port (as shown inFigure 2-3) and plug the otherend into a power outlet.The Power LED will illumi-nate green as soon as thepower adapter is connected.5. Power on the cable or DSL modem. Verify that the power is on by checkingthe Power LED on the front of the Router. The Internet LED will be illumi-nated if the power is on and the modem is ready.6. Press the Reset button on the back of the Router. Hold the button in for threeseconds. This restores the Router’s default settings.7. Power on your PC.The Router is now connected. Continue to the next chapter to configureyour PCs.Figure 2-2Figure 2-3Wireless-B Broadband Router7Chapter 2: Connecting the RouterBefore plugging everything together, it’s always a good idea to have everythingyou’ll need to get the Router up and running. Depending upon how you config-ure the Router in Chapter 4: Configuring the Router, you may need some of thefollowing values from your ISP:When connecting through a Static IP connection, be sure to have 1) Yourbroadband-configured PC’s fixed Internet IP Address, 2) Your broadband-configured PC’s Computer Name and Workgroup Name, 3) Your SubnetMask, 4) Your Default Gateway, and 5) Your Primary DNS IP address.When connecting through a PPPoE connection, be sure to have 1) YourPPPoE User Name and 2) Your PPPoE Password.The installation technician from your ISP should have left this information withyou after installing your broadband connection. If not, you can call your ISP torequest the data.Once you have the above values, you can begin the Router’s installation andsetup.Once you are sure that you have the above values on hand, you can begin theInstallation and Setup of the Router.1. Power everything down, including your PCs, your cable or DSL modem andthe Router.2. Connect an Ethernet cablefrom one of your PC’sEthernet ports to one of theRouter’s LAN ports (asshown in Figure 2-1). Dothe same with all the PCsyou wish to connect to theRouter.Before You StartConnecting Your Hardware Together and Booting UpFigure 2-1Instant Wireless®Series8
Chapter 3: Configuring the PCsThese instructions will help you configure each of your computers to commu-nicate with the Router.To do this, you will need to configure your PC’s network settings to obtain anIP (or TCP/IP) address automatically. Computers use IP addresses to commu-nicate with each other across a network or the Internet.You will need to know which operating system your computer is running, suchas Windows 95, 98, Millennium, 2000, or XP. You can find out by clicking theStart button and then selecting the Settings option. (If your Start menu does-n’t have a Settings option, you’re running Windows XP. You can select theControl Panel directly from the Start Menu.) Then, click Control Panel anddouble-click the System icon. Click the Cancel button when done.Once you know which Windows operating system you are running, follow thedirections in this step for your computer’s operating system. If you PC is notconfigured with the TCP/IP protocol, you will need to do this for each com-puter you are connecting to the Router.The next few pages tell you, step by step, how to configure your TCP/IP set-tings based on the type of Windows operating system you are using. Onceyou've configured your computers, continue to Chapter 4: Configuring theRouter.1. Click the Start button, click Settings and open the Control Panel. Fromthere, double-click the Network icon to open the Network screen.OverviewConfiguring Windows 95, 98, and Millennium PCsWireless-B Broadband Router9For Wireless Connections: In addition to accessing the Router through anEthernet connection, a wireless connection can be used to access the Router.After powering on the Router and connecting it to your modem, enter theRouter’s IP Address in the Address field of your wireless PC’s web-browser asfollows: http://192.168.1.1 and press Enter.IImmppoorrttaanntt:: The Wireless-B Broadband Router is configured bydefault to work out of the box with all Linksys Wireless Adapters. Ifyou have changed the defaults on your Linksys Wireless Adapters,or are using other wireless adapters, you must temporarily changeyour wireless adapter settings to: (SSID = linksys) in order to initial-ly access the Router wirelessly. After you have accessed the Routerwith the default settings, you can change the router settings to coin-cide with your Network settings and reset your adapters.IImmppoorrttaanntt:: Some ISPs—most notably some cable providers—config-ure their networks so that you do not have to enter a full Internetaddress into your web browser or e-mail application to reach yourhome page or receive your e-mail. If your Internet home pageaddress is something very simple, such as “www”, rather than“www.linksys.com”, or your e-mail server’s address is something sim-ilar to “e-mail” or “pop3”, rather than “pop.mail.linksys.com”, youwon’t be able to properly configure the Router until you determine theactual Internet addresses of your Web and e-mail connections.You mmuussttobtain this information prior to connecting the Router toyour network. You can obtain this information by contacting your ISP.10Instant Wireless®Series
5. Click the OK button again. Windows may ask you for the originalWindows installation disk or additional files. Supply them by pointing tothe correct file location, e.g., D:\win98, D:\win9x,c:\windows\options\cabs, etc. (This assumes that “D” is the letter of yourCD-ROM drive).6. If Windows asks you to restart your PC, click the Ye s button. If Windowsdoes not ask you to restart, restart your computer anyway.Repeat steps 1-6 for each PC on your network. When all of your PCs areconfigured, proceed to Chapter 4: Configuring the Router.1. Click the Start button, click Settings and open the Control Panel. Fromthere, double-click the Network and Dial-up Connections icon. This willdisplay the Network screen.2. Select the Local AreaConnection icon for theapplicable Ethernetadapter (usually it is thefirst Local AreaConnection listed).3. When the Local Area Connection Status screen appears, click theProperties button. (See Figure 3-3.)Configuring Windows 2000 PCsFigure 3-3Wireless-B Broadband Router112. Select the Configuration taband highlight the TCP/IPline for the applicableEthernet adapter (as shownin Figure 3-1). If the wordTCP/IP appears by itself,select that line. (Note: Ifthere is no TCP/IP line list-ed, refer to your Ethernetadapter’s documentation toinstall TCP/IP now.) Then,click the Properties button.3. Click the IP Address taband select Obtain an IPaddress automatically (asshown in figure 3-2).4. Click the Gateway tab and verify that the Installed Gateway field is blank.Click the OK button.12Figure 3-1Figure 3-2Instant Wireless®Series
The following instructions assume you are running Windows XP’s defaultinterface. If you are using the Classic interface (where the icons and menuslook like previous Windows versions), please follow the instructions forWindows 2000.1. Click the Start button, open the Control Panel. and click the Network andInternet Connections icon. Then, click the Network Connections icon todisplay the Network screen.2. Select the Local AreaConnection icon forthe applicable Ethernetadapter (usually it isthe first Local AreaConnection listed). 3. When the Local Area Connection Status screen appears, click theProperties button. (See Figure 3-6.)Configuring Windows XP PCsFigure 3-6Wireless-B Broadband Router134. Select Internet Protocol(TCP/IP) (as shown inFigure 3-4) and click theProperties button.5. Select Obtain an IPaddress automaticallyand verify that ObtainDNS server addressautomatically is select-ed (as shown in Figure3-5). Then, click the OKbutton and click the OKbutton on the subse-quent screens to com-plete the PC’s configura-tion.Repeat steps 1-5 for each PC on your network. When all of your PCs areconfigured, proceed to Chapter 4: Configuring the Router.Figure 3-4Figure 3-5Instant Wireless®Series14
15Chapter 4: Configuring the RouterThis chapter will show you how to configure the Router to function in your net-work and gain access to the Internet through your Internet Service Provider(ISP). Detailed description of the Router’s Web-based Utility can be found inthe Chapter 5: Using the Router’s Web-Based Utility. Your ISP may require theuse of a Host Name and Domain Name. Further, you will set the InternetConnection Type on the Router’s Setup tab from the information given by yourISP. You will need this setup information from your ISP. If you do not have thisinformation, please contact your ISP before proceeding.The instructions from your ISP tell you how to set up your PC for Internetaccess. Since you are now using the Router to share Internet access among sev-eral computers, you will use this setup information for Router configuration.1. Open your web browser, and enter192.168.1.1 into the web browser’sAddress field, as shown in Figure 4-1. Then, press the Enter key.2. An Enter Network Password window, shown in Figure 4-2a, will appear.(Windows XP users will see a Connect to 192.168.1.1 window, shown inFigure 4-2b.) Leave the User Name field empty, and enter admin (thedefault password) in lowercase let-ters in the Password field. Then,click the OK button. Figure 4-1Figure 4-2a Figure 4-2bWireless-B Broadband RouterNote: Linksys recommends using the Setup Wizard CD for first timeinstallation of the Router and for setting up additional computers. Foradditional assistance, follow the steps in this chapter.4. Select Internet Protocol(TCP/IP) (as shown inFigure 3-7) and click theProperties button.5. Select Obtain an IPaddress automaticallyand verify that ObtainDNS server address auto-matically is selected (asshown in Figure 3-8).Then, click the OK buttonand click the OK button onthe subsequent screens tocomplete the PC’s configu-ration.Repeat steps 1-5 for each PC on your network. When all of your PCs areconfigured, proceed to Chapter 4: Configuring the Router.Figure 3-7Figure 3-8Instant Wireless®Series16
175. The Router supports five connection types: DHCP (obtain an IP automati-cally), PPPoE, Static IP Address, RAS, and PPTP. These types are selectedfrom the drop-down menu beside Internet Connection Type. The Setuptab and available features will differ depending on what kind of connectiontype you select, the instructions for which are included here:Obtain an IP Automatically If your ISP says that you are connecting through a dynamic IP address (orDHCP), perform these steps:a. Select Obtain an IP automatically as the Internet Connection Type (aspreviously shown in Figure 4-3).b. Click the Apply button to save the settings.Static IPIf your ISP says that you are connecting through a static (or fixed) IPaddress, perform these steps (as shown in Figure 4-4):a. Select Static IP as the Internet Connection Type.b. In the fields beside“Specify Internet IPAddress”, enter the IPAddress.c. Enter the Subnet Mask.d. Enter the DefaultGateway Address.e. Enter the DNS in the 1,2, and/or 3 fields. Youmust enter at least oneDNS address.f. Click the Apply buttonto save the settings.Figure 4-4Wireless-B Broadband Router3. If required by your ISP, enter the Router’s Host Name and Domain Namein the appropriate fields on the Setup tab. (This is usually required by cableISPs.)4. To configure theRouter for your wire-less network, verifythat the Setup tab’sWireless fields (shownin Figure 4-3) arecompleted as follows:Enable/Disable:Selecting the Enableradio button willenable the Router’swireless feature.Wireless functionswill not be availableunless enabled.SSID: The SSID is a unique name for your wireless network. It is case sen-sitive and must not exceed 32 characters. The default SSID is "linksys " butyou should change this to a personal wireless network name. All wirelesspoints in your network must use the same SSID.SSID Broadcast - Allows the SSID to be broadcast on your network. Youmay want to enable this function while configuring the Router, but makesure that you disable it when you are finished. With this enabled, someonecould easily obtain the SSID information with site survey software and gainunauthorized access to your network. Click Enable to broadcast. ClickDisable to increase network security and prevent the SSID from being seenon networked PCs.Channel: Select the appropriate channel for your network from the list pro-vided. All wireless points in your network must use the same channel inorder to function properly.Do not change the WEP setting from the default, “Disabled”, without firstreferring to the Wireless Security sections of the User Guide or SetupWizard CD-ROM for advanced features and settings.18Figure 4-3Instant Wireless®Series
19PPTPPPTP is a service used inEurope only. If you areusing a PPTP connection(as shown in Figure 4-7),check with your ISP for thenecessary setup informa-tion.6. If you haven’t already done so, click the Apply button to save the settings.7. Reset the power on your cable or DSL modem and restart your computers.They will now obtain the Router's new settings.Note: You only need to configure the Router from one computer. If youneed advanced setting information, please refer to the Linksys support web-site at support.linksys.com or the User Guide on the Setup Wizard CD-ROM.Congratulations! You’ve successfully configured the Router. You can testthe setup by opening your web browser from any computer and enteringwww.linksys.com/registration (as shown in Figure 4-8).If you are unable to reach our website, you may want to review what youdid in this section or refer to the Troubleshooting Appendix.Figure 4-7Figure 4-8Wireless-B Broadband RouterPPPoEIf your DSL providersays that you are con-necting through PPPoEor if you normally entera user name and pass-word to access theInternet, perform thesesteps (shown in Figure4-5):a. Select PPPoE as theInternet ConnectionType.b. Enter the UserName.c. Enter the Password.d. Click the Apply button to save the settings.RAS (for SingTel Users)RAS is a service used inSingapore only. If you areusing a RAS connection (asshown in Figure 4-6), checkwith your ISP for the neces-sary setup information.20Figure 4-5Figure 4-6Instant Wireless®Series
21The utility’s tabs: Setup, Password, Status, DHCP, Log, and Help are used forBasic Setup of the Router. When the Advanced Tab is clicked, further optionswill be displayed for Filters, Forwarding, Dynamic Routing, Static RoutingDMZ Host, MAC Address Cloning, and Wireless configuration.The Setup tab is the first tab you will see when you access the Utility. If youhave already installed and set up the Router, you have already seen this tab andhave already properly configured all of the values. •Host Name Thisentry is necessary forsome ISPs and can beprovided by them.•Domain Name Thisentry is necessary forsome ISPs and can beprovided by them.•Firmware VersionThis displays thefirmware version theRouter is currentlyusing. As future ver-sions of the Router’sfirmware become available,they can be downloadedfrom the Linksys website atwww.linksys.com.•LAN IP Address and Subnet Mask This is the Router’s IP Address andSubnet Mask as seen on the internal LAN. The default value is 192.168.1.1for IP Address and 255.255.255.0 for Subnet Mask.•Wireless (Enable/Disable). In order to utilize the Router’s wireless func-tions, select Enable. If you do not wish to utilize any wireless functions,make sure Disable is selected. (Note: No other wireless functions will beavailable unless you enable this setting.)SetupFigure 5-3NNoottee:: Due to differences in webbrowsers, some screen shots may differ. Wireless-B Broadband RouterChapter 5: Using the Router’s Web-Based UtilityFor your convenience, an administrative utility has been programmed into theRouter. This chapter will explain all of the functions in this utility. All router-based administrative tasks are performed through this web utility. The web util-ity can be accessed by any PC on the network by typing “http://192.168.1.1” inthe PC’s web browser address window, as shown in Figure 5-1.Upon entering the address into the web browser, a password request page willpop up, as shown in Figure 5-2a. (Windows XP users will see a “Connect to192.168.1.1” window, shown in Figure 5-2b.)Leave the User Name field empty, andenter admin (the default password) inlowercase letters in the Passwordfield. Then, click the OK button. In this chapter, you will find brief descriptions of each of the utility’s tabs andits more important functions. More detailed explanations and instructions canbe found by clicking each page’s Help button or on Linksys’s website atwww.linksys.com. To clear any values you’ve entered on any page, click theCancel button. To apply any settings you’ve altered on any page, click theApply button.Figure 5-1Figure 5-2aFigure 5-2bInstant Wireless®Series22
23Static IPIf your ISP says that you are connecting through a static (or fixed) IPaddress, select this option from the drop-down menu (as shown in Figure 5-4). The Router will utilize that static IP Address when the following infor-mationisenteredinto theappro-priatefield:•Internet IP Address and Subnet Mask This is the Router’s IP Addressand Subnet Mask as seen by external users on the Internet (includingyour ISP).• Default Gateway Address Your ISP will provide you with the GatewayFigure 5-4Wireless-B Broadband Router• SSID: The SSID is a unique name for your wireless network. It is case sensi-tive and must not exceed 32 characters. The default SSID is "linksys " but youshould change this to a personal wireless network name. All wireless pointsin your network must use the same SSID. Verify that you are using the correctSSID and click the Apply button to set it.•SSID Broadcast - Allows the SSID to be broadcast on your network. You maywant to enable this function while configuring the Router, but make sure thatyou disable it when you are finished. With this enabled, someone could easilyobtain the SSID information with site survey software and gain unauthorizedaccess to your network. Click Enable to broadcast. Click Disable to increasenetwork security and prevent the SSID from being seen on networked PCs.•Channel Select the appropriate channel from the list provided to correspondwith your network settings, between 1 and 11. (Higher channels can only beused outside of the United States and Canada.) All points in your wireless net-work must use the same channel in order to function correctly. Verify that thecorrect channel is selected and click the Apply button to set it.•WEP (Mandatory/Disable). In order to utilize WEP encryption, selectEnable. If you do not wish to utilize WEP encryption, make sure Disable isselected.•WEP Key Setting When WEP Encryption is Enabled, press this button tomodify the WEP Key Settings. For further details on configuring Wireless Security, using WEP, refer toAppendix C: Configuring Wireless Security.•Internet Connection Type The Router supports five connection types:DHCP (obtain an IP automatically), PPPoE, Static IP Address, RAS, andPPTP. These types are selected from the drop-down menu beside InternetConnection Type. The Setup tab and available features will differ dependingon what kind of connection type you select. Each option is described on thefollowing pages.Obtain an IP Automatically If your ISP says that you are connecting through a dynamic IP address (orDHCP), select this option from the drop-down menu (as shown in Figure 5-3).Now, the Router will accept the dynamic IP addresses assigned by your ISPwhen connecting to the Internet.24Instant Wireless®Series
option, click the radio button next to Keep Alive. The default Redial Periodis 30 seconds.RAS (for SingTel Users) RAS is a service used in Singapore only. If you are using a RAS connection(as shown in Figure 4-6), check with your ISP for the necessary setup infor-mation.PPTP PPTP is a service used in Europe only. If you are using a PPTP connection(as shown in Figure 4-7), check with your ISP for the necessary setup infor-mation.You can confirm that the above settings are correct by successfully connectingto the Internet.To clear any values you’ve entered on any page, click the Cancel button. Toapply any settings you’ve altered on any page, click the Apply button.From the Password tab, shown in Figure 5-7, you can change the Router’sPassword, enable Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) Services for systems such asWindows XP PCs, and restore the Router’s factory default settings. PasswordFigure 5-7Wireless-B Broadband Router25IP Address.• DNS (DomainName Server) IPAddress Your ISPwill provide youwith at least oneDNS IP Address.PPPoE Some DSL-based ISPsuse PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol overEthernet) to establishcommunications withan end-user. If you areusing a DSL line, checkwith your ISP to see ifthey use PPPoE. If they do use PPPoE, select this from the drop-down menu(as shown in Figure 5-5).If you do enable PPPoE, remember to remove any existing PPPoE applica-tions already on any of your PCs. •User Name and Password Enter the User Name and Password you usewhen logging onto your ISP connection.•Connect on Demand and Max Idle Time You can configure the Routerto disconnect your ISP connection after a specified period of time (MaxIdle Time). If you have been disconnected due to inactivity, Connect onDemand enables the Router to automatically re-establish your connection assoon as you attempt to access the Internet again. If you wish to activateConnect on Demand, click the radio button. If you want your Internet con-nection to remain on at all times, enter 0in the Max Idle Time field.Otherwise, enter the number of minutes you want to have elapsed beforeyour Internet access disconnects.•Keep Alive Option and Redial Period This option keeps you connected toyour ISP indefinitely, even when your connection sits idle. To use this26Figure 5-5Instant Wireless®Series
27• LAN These fields display the current IP Address and Subnet Mask of theRouter, as seen by users on your local area network. The DHCP Server fieldshows the status of the Router’s DHCP server function, which is eitherenabled or disabled.• Internet These fields display the Internet IP Address, Internet Subnet Mask,and Internet Default Gateway IP Address of the Router, as seen by externalusers on the Internet. The DNS (Domain Name System) IP Address fieldsshow the IP address(es) of the DNS currently used by the Router. MultipleDNS IP settings are common. In most cases, the first available DNS entry isused.• DHCP Release Click the DHCP Release button to delete the current IPaddress of the device connected to the Router’s Internet port. • DHCP Renew Click the DHCP Renew button to replace the current IPaddress—of the device connected to the Router’s Internet port—with a newIP address.• DHCP Clients Table This table lists the PCs that were given IP addresses bythe Router.Figure 5-8Wireless-B Broadband Router28•Router Password For greater security, you should set a password for theRouter. If you don’t set the password, all users on your network will be ableto access the Router using the default password admin. We recommend thatyou change your password often. • UPnP Services Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) allows systems, such asWindows XP PCs to automatically configure the Router for various Internetapplications, such as gaming and videoconferencing. Click the radio buttonnext to Enable to enable UPnP Services, or Disable to disable UPnPServices.• Restore Factory Defaults If you select the Restore Factory Default optionand click the Apply button, you will clear all of the Router’s settings andrestore the default settings. Do not restore the factory defaults unless you are having difficulties with theRouter and have exhausted all other troubleshooting measures. Once the Routeris reset, you will have to re-enter all of your configuration data.To clear any values you’ve entered on any page, click the Cancel button. Toapply any settings you’ve altered on any page, click the Apply button. The Status tab, shown in Figure 5-8, displays the Router’s current status; itreflects the data and selections you’ve entered using the Setup tab and providesoptions for DHCP users. All of the information provided on the Status tab is read-only and can bechanged using the Setup tab. • Host Name This field shows the name of the Router. This entry is neces-sary for some ISPs. • Firmware Version This field shows the installed version and date of thefirmware. Version dates are slightly more accurate than version numbers.• Login This indicates if you are using a dial-up style connection likePPPoE, RAS, or PPTP. For PPPoE, RAS, or PPTP only, there is a Connectbutton to click if you are disconnected and want to re-establish a connec-tion.StatusNote: The information provided on the Statustab may vary depending on the Router’s settings. Instant Wireless®Series
• DNS The Domain Name System (DNS) is how the Internet translatesdomain or website names into Internet addresses or URLs. Your ISP willprovide you with at least one DNS Server IP Address. If you wish to useanother, type that IP Address in one of these fields. You can type up tothree DNS Server IP Addresses here. The Router will use these for quickeraccess to functioning DNS servers.• WINS The Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) manages each PC’sinteraction with the Internet. If you use a WINS server, enter that server’sIP Address here. Otherwise, left this blank.• DHCP Clients Table When this button is clicked, a table similar to thatshown in Figure 5-10 appears, displaying a list of PCs assigned IP address-es by the Router. Click the Refresh button to display the most currentinformation. If youwish to delete aclient’s IP address,select that client byclicking the box tothe right and clickthe Delete button.To clear any values you’ve entered on any page, click the Cancel button. Toapply any settings you’ve altered on any page, click the Apply button.The Log tab, shown in Figure 5-11, provides you with a log of all incoming andoutgoing URLs or IP addresses for your Internet connection.To access activity logs, select the Enable option next to “Access Log”. Thisfunction can be disabled by clicking the Disable radio button.With logging Enabled, you can choose to view temporary logs or have a per-manent record, using the Logviewer software. Temporary logs can be accessedfrom the Log tab by clicking either the Incoming Access Log or OutgoingAccess Log buttons. The Incoming Access Log gives you a log of all theincoming Internet traffic while the Outgoing Access Log lists all the URLs andIP addresses of Internet sites that users on your network have accessed.Figure 5-10LogWireless-B Broadband Router29A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Server automatically assignsIP addresses to each computer on its network. Unless you already have one, youshould set theRouter up as aDHCP server.This is done onthe DHCP tab,shown in Figure5-9.•DHCP Server Click the Enable option to enable the Router’s DHCP serv-er function If you already have a DHCP server on your network, set theRouter’s DHCP option to Disable.•Starting IP Address Enter a numerical value for the DHCP server to startwith when issuing IP addresses.•Number of DHCP users Enter the maximum number of PCs that willrequire IP addresses assigned by the Router. No more than 253 computerscan be used. In order to determine the DHCP IP Address range, add thestarting IP address (e.g., 100) to the number of DHCP users. By default, asshown in Figure 5-9, if you add 50 users, the range or IP Addresses will be192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.149.• Client Lease Time The Client Lease Time is the amount of time a networkuser will be allowed connection to the Router with their current dynamic IPaddress. Enter the amount of time, in minutes, that the user will be “leased”this dynamic IP address.DHCP30Figure 5-9Instant Wireless®Series
The Help tab, as shown in Figure 5-12, contains links to all of the Utility’s inter-nal support documentation, a link to Linksys’s website, and the application thatupgrades the Router’s firmware. To utility these links, you must have an activeInternet connection.Click the Linksys Website link to connect to the Linksys homepage forKnowledgebase help files and information about other Linksys products.For an Online Manual in PDF format, click that text link. The manual will appearin Adobe PDF format. If you do not have the Adobe PDF Reader installed on yourcomputer, click the Adobe Website link to download this software.Firmware can be upgraded by clicking the Upgrade Firmware link. Do not upgradeyour firmware unless you are experiencing problems with the Router.To upgrade the Router’s firmware:1. Access the Help tab and click Upgrade Firmware. A new page, shown inFigure 5-13, will appear.31For a permanent record of these logs, Logviewer software must be used. Thissoftware is downloadable from the Linksys website at www.linksys.com. TheLogviewer saves all incoming and outgoing activity as a permanent file on yourPC’s hard drive. Next to “Send Log to”, enter the fixed IP address of the PCrunning the Logviewer software. The Router will now send updated logs to thatPC.To clear any values you’ve entered on any page, click the Cancel button. Toapply any settings you’ve altered on any page, click the Apply button.Figure 5-11Instant Wireless®Series32Wireless-B Broadband RouterHelpFigure 5-12Important: In order to upgrade the Router’s firmware, youmust use Internet Explorer 5.0 or higher, or NetscapeNavigator 4.7 or higher. Upgrading the firmware may causethe Router to be reset to the factory defaults. Make a record ofall settings before attempting the upgrade.Figure 5-13
Filters block specific internal users from accessing the Internet. From theFilters tab, as shown in Figure 5-15, you can set up a filter through an IPaddress or a network port number.• Setting Up FiltersTo set up a filter using IP addresses, enter the range of IP addresses youwish to filter in the IP address fields. Users who have filtered IP addresseswill not be able to access the Internet at all. If you only want to filter oneIP address instead of a range of IP addresses, enter the same value into bothfields. For instance, if you wish to filter the PC with the IP address of192.168.1.5, enter 5into both fields on one line: 192.168.1.5 ~ 192.168.1.5.Click the Apply button when you’re done. Advanced Tab: FiltersImportant: Filtering is an Advanced Function. No changesshould be made to this tab without a thorough understandingof networking concepts.Instant Wireless®SeriesFigure 5-152. Click the Browse button and find the firmware upgrade file that youdownloaded from the Linksys website. Double-click the upgrade file.This will place the file into the “File Path:” field.3. When the correct file is in the “File Path:” field, click the Upgrade but-ton and follow the instructions there. This will complete your firmwareupgrade.You can back up or restore a configuration by clicking on the Backup andRestore Configuration link on the Help tab. A new page, shown in Figure 5-14. will appear. To back up a configuration, click the Backup button. Torestore a configuration, click the Browse button to find the file, then click theRestore button.FiltersImportant: Do not interrupt the firmware upgrade process inany way or power down the Router while the upgrade is inprogress as this could damage the Router.Wireless-B Broadband Router33 34Figure 5-14
• Using Multicast Pass ThroughThis feature allows for multiple transmissions to specific recipients at thesame time. Select Enable to support the feature, or Disable to keep theRouter from multicasting.• Using IPSec Pass ThroughThis feature lets you use IPSec Pass Through. To use this feature, click the Enable button next to IPSec Pass Through, and then the Apply button.IPSec Pass Through is enabled by default. To disable IPSec Pass Through,click on Disable and then the Apply button.• Using PPTP Pass ThroughPoint-to-Point Tunneling Protocol is the method used to enable VPN sessions. To enable this feature, click the Enable button next to PPTP PassThrough, and click the Apply button.PPTP Pass Through is enabled by default. To disable this feature, click onDisable next to PPTP Pass Through, and then the Apply button.• Using Remote ManagementThis feature allows you to manage the Router from a remote location, viathe Internet. To enable this feature, click on Enable, and enter the portnumber you want to use when accessing the Router remotely. Click theApply button. Remote Management must be activated before you can man-age the Router from a remote location.To disable Remote Management, click on Disable, and click the Apply but-ton. If you wish to use this feature on the browser, enter http:\\<WAN IPAddress>: port. (Enter your specific WAN or Internet IP Address in placeof <WAN IP Address>, and enter the port number in place of the wordport.)Instant Wireless®SeriesTo filter users by network port number, enter a network port number or arange of network ports. Enter the port numbers you want to filter in the portnumbers fields. Users connected to the Router will no longer be able toaccess any port number listed there. • Editing MAC Filter SettingThis feature filters the Ethernet adapter’s specific MAC address from goingout to the Internet.To check your Ethernet adapter’s MAC address, run winipcfg or ipconfigin the command prompt, depending on which Windows operating systemyou are using. To set the MAC filter, click the Edit MAC Filter Settingbutton. When a second window appears, select the range in the drop-downmenu, and in a MAC number field, enter the 12-digit MAC address youwant to filter. Click the Apply button before closing the window. For infor-mation on obtaining a MAC address, go to Appendix D: Finding the MACAddress and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter.• Blocking WAN RequestsBy enabling the Block WAN Request feature, you can prevent your networkfrom being “pinged,” or detected, by other Internet users. The Block WANRequest feature also reinforces your network security by hiding your net-work ports. Both functions of the Block WAN Request feature make it moredifficult for outside users to work their way into your network.Click the Apply button to save your changes.• Using Multicast Pass ThroughThis feature allows for multiple transmissions to specific recipients at thesame time. Select Enable to support the feature, or Disable to keep theRouter from multicasting.Wireless-B Broadband Router35 36
Port Range Forwardingfrom this tab, as shownin Figure 5-16, sets uppublic services on yournetwork, such as webservers, ftp servers, e-mail servers, or otherspecialized Internetapplications.(Specialized Internetapplications are anyapplications that useInternet access to per-form functions such asvideoconferencing oronline gaming. SomeInternet applicationsmay not require anyforwarding.) Whenusers send this type of request to your network via the Internet, the Router willforward those requests to the appropriate PC. Before using Forwarding, theDHCP function on the PC whose port is being forwarded must be disabled andhave a new static IP address assigned because its IP address may change whenusing the DHCP function.If you need to forward all ports to one PC, see the “DMZ” section.To add a server using Port Range Forwarding:1. Enter the name of the application in the appropriate CustomizedApplications field. 2. Next to the name of the application, enter the number or range of theexternal port(s) used by the server or Internet application in the Ext. Portcolumn. Check with the Internet application software documentation formore information.Advanced Tab: Port Range ForwardingImportant: Port Range Forwarding is an Advanced Function.No changes should be made to this tab without a thoroughunderstanding of networking concepts.Instant Wireless®SeriesFigure 5-16• Using Remote Upgrade This feature allows you to upgrade the Router’s firmware from a remotelocation. To enable Remote Upgrade, click on Enable, and then click theApply button. Remote Management must be activated before you can man-age the Router from a remote location.• Using MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) This feature specifies the largest packet size permitted for network trans-mission. Select Enable and enter the value desired. It is recommended thatyou leave this value in the 1200 to 1500 range. For most DSL users, it isrecommended to use the value 1492. By default, MTU is set at 1500 whendisabled.IImmppoorrttaanntt::Upgrading may cause theRouter to be reset to the factorydefaults. Make a record of all set-tings before attempting the upgrade.Wireless-B Broadband Router3837
The Preset Applications are among the most widely used Internet applicationsthat may require forwarding. They include the following:• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IPnetwork (Internet, UNIX, etc.). For example, after developing the HTMLpages for a website on a local machine, they are typically uploaded to theweb server using FTP. FTP includes functions to log onto the network, listdirectories, and copy files. It can also convert between the ASCII andEBCDIC character codes. FTP operations can be performed by typing com-mands at a command prompt or via an FTP utility running under a graphicalinterface such as Windows. FTP transfers can also be initiated from within aweb browser by entering the URL preceded by ftp://.• Telnet A terminal emulation protocol commonly used on Internet andTCP/IP-based networks. It allows a user at a terminal or computer to log ontoa remote device and run a program.• SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) The standard e-mail protocol on theInternet. It is a TCP/IP protocol that defines the message format and themessage transfer agent (MTA), which stores and forwards the mail. • DNS (Domain Name System) The way that Internet domain names arelocated and translated into IP addresses. A domain name is a meaningful andeasy-to-remember “handle” for an Internet address.• TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) A version of the TCP/IP FTP proto-col that has no directory or password capability.• Finger A UNIX command widely used on the Internet to find out informa-tion about a particular user, such as a telephone number, whether the user iscurrently logged on, and the last time the user was logged on. The personbeing “fingered” must have placed his or her profile on the system in orderfor the information to be available. Fingering requires entering the fulluser@domain address.• HTTP (HyperText Transport Protocol) The communications protocol usedto connect to servers on the World Wide Web. Its primary function is toestablish a connection with a web server and transmit HTML pages to theclient web browser. Instant Wireless®Series3. On the same line, select the protocol TCP or UDP, or select both protocols. 4. Enter the IP address of the server that you want the Internet users to beable to access. To find the IP address, go to Appendix D: Finding the MACAddress and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter.5. Check the Enable box to enable the services you have defined. Port RangeForwarding will not function if the Enable button is left unchecked. This isdisabled (unchecked) by default.6. Configure as many entries as needed—the Router supports up to 10 rangesof ports. Click the Apply button when you are done. UPnP ForwardingClicking the UPnP Forwarding button on the Port Range Forwarding tab willdisplay the UPnP Forwarding tab. The UPnP Forwarding tab, shown in Figure5-17, displays preset application settings as well as options for customizationof port services for other applications. This table is similar tothe Port Forwardingtable, but the items onthis table will automat-ically synchronize withother UPnP devicesand operating systems,such as Windows XP.40Wireless-B Broadband RouterFigure 5-1739
Port TriggeringFrom the Port RangeForwarding tab, shownin Figure 5-18, clickthe Port Triggeringbutton to allow theRouter to watch out-going data for specificport numbers. The IPaddress of the comput-er that sends thematching data isremembered by theRouter, so that whenthe requested datareturns through theRouter, the data is pulled back to the proper computer by way of IP address andport mapping rules.1. Enter the Application Name of the trigger.2. Enter the Trigger Port Range used by the application. Check with theInternet application for the port number needed.3. Enter the Incoming Port Range used by the application. Check with theInternet application for the port number needed.4. Click the Apply button.Instant Wireless®SeriesFigure 5-18• POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) A standard mail server commonly used onthe Internet. It provides a message store that holds incoming e-mail untilusers log on and download it. POP3 is a simple system with little selectivity.All pending messages and attachments are downloaded at the same time.POP3 uses the SMTP messaging protocol.• NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) The protocol used to connect toUsenet groups on the Internet. Usenet newsreaders support the NNTP pro-tocol.• SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) A widely used networkmonitoring and control protocol. Data is passed from SNMP agents, whichare hardware and/or software processes reporting activity in each networkdevice (hub, router, etc.) to the workstation console used to oversee the net-work. The agents return information contained in a MIB (ManagementInformation Base), which is a data structure that defines what is obtainablefrom the device and what can be controlled (turned off, on, etc.).You must check the Enable box to enable the applications you have defined.To add a server using UPnP Forwarding:1. Enter the name of the application in the appropriate Application Namefield.2. Next to the name of the application, enter the number of the external portused by the server in the Ext. Port column. Check with the Internet appli-cation software documentation for more information.3. On the same line, select the protocol UDP or TCP.4. Enter the number of the internal port used by the server in the Int. Port col-umn. Check with the Internet application software documentation for moreinformation.5. Enter the IP address of the server that you want the Internet users to be ableto access. To find the IP address, go to Appendix D: Finding the MACAddress and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter.6. Check the Enable box to enable the services you have defined. UPnPForwarding will not function if the Enable button is left unchecked. This isdisabled (unchecked) by default.Wireless-B Broadband Router4241
If the Router is connected to more than one network, it may be necessary to setup a static route between them. This is set on the Static Routing tab, as shownin Figure 5-20. A static route is a pre-determined pathway that network infor-mation must travel to reach a specific host or network. Click the ShowRouting Table button to view the current static routing configuration.To create a static route entry:1. Select Static Route Entry from the drop-down list. The Router supportsup to 20 static route entries. Advanced Tab: Static RoutingImportant: Static Routing is an Advanced Function. Nochanges should be made to this tab without a thorough under-standing of networking concepts.Figure 5-20Instant Wireless®SeriesFrom the DynamicRouting tab, shownin Figure 5-19, youcan automaticallyadjust to physicalchanges in the net-work’s layout. TheRouter, using theRIP protocol,determines the net-work packets’route based on thefewest number ofhops between thesource and the des-tination. The RIPprotocol regularly broadcasts routing information to other routers on the net-work. To set up Dynamic Routing:1. Choose the correct Working Mode. Gateway Mode should be used if theRouter is hosting your network’s connection to the Internet. Router Modeshould be selected if the Router exists on a network with other routers. 2. In the TX field, choose the protocol by which you transmit data on the net-work. 3. In the RX field, choose the protocol by which the Router receives networkdata. 4. Click the Apply button to save your changes.To view the Routing Table, which shows the network layout, click the ShowRouting Table button.To clear any values you’ve entered on any page, click the Cancel button. Toapply any settings you’ve altered on any page, click the Apply button.Advanced Tab: Dynamic RoutingImportant: Dynamic Routing is an Advanced Function. Nochanges should be made to this tab without a thorough under-standing of networking concepts.Figure 5-19Wireless-B Broadband Router4443
The DMZ Hosting feature, accessed from the DMZ Host tab as shown inFigure 5-21, allows one local user to be exposed to the Internet for use of a spe-cial-purpose service such as Internet gaming and videoconferencing. Whereas Port Range Forwarding can only forward a maximum of ten portranges, DMZ hosting forwards all the ports at the same time to one PC. Before using this feature, the DHCP function on the PC whose port is beingexposed must be disabled and have a new static IP address assigned because itsIP address may change when using the DMZ function.To expose one PC, enter the computer’s IP address. To get the IP address of acomputer, refer to Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address forYour Ethernet Adapter.Deactivate DMZ by entering a zero in the field. When finished, click the Apply button to save the settings. Otherwise, click theCancel button to undo changes made on this screen.Advanced Tab: DMZ HostImportant: DMZ Hosting is an Advanced Function. Nochanges should be made to this tab without a thorough under-standing of networking concepts.Figure 5-2Instant Wireless®Series2. Enter the following data to create a new static route:Destination LAN IP. The Destination LAN IP is the address of the remotenetwork or host to which you want to assign a static route. Enter the IPaddress of the host for which you wish to create a static route here. If youare building a route to an entire network, be sure that the host portion of theIP address is set to zero. For example, the Router’s standard IP address is192.168.1.1. Based on this address, the address of the network to which theRouter is connected is 192.168.1. You would enter the IP address192.168.1.0 if you wanted to route to the entire network, rather than just tothe Router.Subnet Mask. The Subnet Mask indicates which portion of an IP addressis the network portion and which portion is the host portion. If, for instance,you use a Subnet Mask of 255.255.255.0 with the example shown above forDestination LAN IP, then this would indicate that the first three numbers ofan network IP address identifies this particular network, while the lastnumber in the network address (from 1 to 254) would identify the specifichost.Gateway IP. This IP address should be the IP address of the gatewaydevice that allows for contact between the Router and the remote networkor host.Hop Count. This value gives the number of nodes that a data packet pass-es through before reaching its destination. A node is any deviceon the network, such as switches, PCs, etc. Interface. This interface tells you whether your network is on the internalLAN or the WAN, or the external Internet. If you’re connecting to a sub-network, select LAN. If you’re connecting to another network through theInternet, select WAN. To delete a Static Routing entry, select an entry, and click the Delete this entrybutton.To clear any values you’ve entered on any page, click the Cancel button. Toapply any settings you’ve altered on any page, click the Apply button.46Wireless-B Broadband Router45
Before making anychanges to theWireless tab, shownin Figure 5-23,please check thewireless settings forall your wirelessPCs, as thesechanges will alter theRouter’s effective-ness. In most cases,these settings do notneed to be changed.• Firmware Version. This indicates the Router’s firmware version.• Beacon Interval. This value indicates the frequency interval of the beacon.A beacon is a packet broadcast by the Router to keep the network synchro-nized. A beacon includes the wireless LAN service area, the IP address, theBroadcast destination addresses, a time stamp, Delivery Traffic IndicatorMaps, and the Traffic Indicator Message (TIM).• RTS Threshold. This value should remain at its default setting of 2,346.Should you encounter inconsistent data flow, only minor modifications arerecommended.Advanced Tab: WirelessImportant: Wireless is an Advanced Function. No changesshould be made to this tab without a thorough understandingof networking concepts.Figure 5-23Instant Wireless®SeriesFrom the MACAddress Cloning tab,shown in Figure 5-22,you can assign theRouter a MACaddress, which is a 12-digit code assigned toa unique piece ofhardware for identifi-cation, like a socialsecurity number.Some ISPs requirethat you register theMAC address of yournetwork card/adapter, which was connected to your cable or DSL modem duringinstallation. Therefore, in order to connect the Router to your cable or DSLmodem in place of the PC (network card or adapter), you must change the RouterMAC to duplicate (or clone) your network card/adapter MAC. You can find youradapter's MAC address by doing the following: • If you are running Windows 95, 98 or Millennium: Go to Start, Run, type in command, and press Enter. At the DOS prompt,type winipcfg.• If you are running Windows NT 4.0 or 2000: Go to Start, Run, type in command, and press Enter. At the DOS prompt,type ipconfig /all.The Physical Address with 12 digits is your adapter’s MAC address. Enterthose 12 digits into the MAC Address fields, and click Apply. This “clones”your network adapter’s MAC address onto the Router, and prevents you fromhaving to call your ISP to change the registered MAC address to the adapter’sMAC address.Advanced Tab: MAC Address Cloning48Important: MAC Address Cloning is an AdvancedFunction. No changes should be made to this tab without athorough understanding of networking concepts.Figure 5-22Wireless-B Broadband Router47
• Station MAC Filter. This option will allow you to prevent wireless userson your network from accessing the Router’s functions.Clicking the Active MAC Table button will display the MAC Addresses ofall users on your wireless network. Addresses in green show access to theRouter, while addresses in red do not have access.To filter users, click the Edit MAC Filter Setting button. The windowshown in Figure 5-24 will appear.Click the Wireless MAC Entry drop-down menu to select a range ofentries for your network. From within this range, select the entry for whichyou’d like to manage access. Verify that the appropriate MAC Address isentered into the MAC Address field. Click the Filter checkbox beside thatMAC Address. Now, this user will be prevented from accessing the Router.All other users will have access. To allow only that user and deny access toall others, leave Filter unchecked.Click the Apply button to set these changes or Undo if you do not wishthese changes to go into effect.When finished with the Wireless Tab, click the Apply button to save the set-tings. Otherwise, click the Cancel button to undo changes made on this screen.Figure 5-24Instant Wireless®Series• Fragmentation Threshold. This value indicates how much of the Router’sresources are devoted to recovering packet errors. The value should remainat its default setting of 2,346. If you have decreased this value and experi-ence high packet error rates, you can increase it again, but it will likelydecrease overall network performance. Only minor modifications of thisvalue are recommended.• DTIM Interval. This value indicates the interval of the Delivery TrafficIndication Message (DTIM). A DTIM field is a countdown field informingclients of the next window for listening to broadcast and multicast mes-sages. When the Router has buffered broadcast or multicast messages forassociated clients, it sends the next DTIM with a DTIM Interval value.Clients for the Router hear the beacons and awaken to receive the broadcastand multicast messages. • Basic Rates. The basic transfer rates should be set depending on the speedof your wireless network. You must select 1-2 (Mbps) if you have older802.11 compliant equipment on your network, such as wireless adaptersthat support only 1 or 2 Mbps. Selecting 1-2 (Mbps), however, does notlimit the basic transfer rates of faster adapters.• TX Rates. Select all the supported rates at which the Router will commu-nicate with your wireless network. • Preamble Type. The preamble defines the length of the CRC block forcommunication between the Router and the roaming Network Card. (Highnetwork traffic areas should use the shorter preamble type.) Select theappropriate preamble type and click the Apply button to set it.• Authentication Type. You may choose between Open System, SharedKey, and Both. The Authentication Type default is set to Open System, inwhich the sender and the recipient do NOT share a secret key. Each partygenerates its own key-pair and asks the receiver to accept the randomly-generated key. Once accepted, this key is used for a short time only. Thena new key is generated and agreed upon. Shared Key is when both thesender and the recipient share a secret key.• Antenna Selection. This selection is for choosing which antenna transmitsdata. By default, the Diversity Antenna selection, used to increase recep-tion, is chosen. 50Wireless-B Broadband Router49
For Windows 2000:A. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Network andDial-Up Connections.B. Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with the Ethernetadapter you are using, and select the Properties option.C. In the Components checked are used by this connection box, highlightInternet Protocol (TCP/IP), and click the Properties button. Select Usethe following IP address option.D. Enter a unique IP address that is not used by any other computer on thenetwork connected to the Router. You can only use an IP address in theranges 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.99 and 192.168.1.151 to 192.168.1.254. E. Enter the Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0.F. Enter the Default Gateway, 192.168.1.1 (Router’s default IP address).G. Toward the bottom of the window, select Use the following DNS serveraddresses, and enter the Preferred DNS server and Alternative DNSserver (provided by your ISP). Contact your ISP or go on its website to findthe information.H. Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window,and click the OK button in the Local Area Connection Properties window.I. Restart the computer if asked.For Windows NT 4.0:A. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click the Network icon.B. Click the Protocol tab, and double-click TCP/IP Protocol.C. When the window appears, make sure you have selected the correctAdapter for your Ethernet adapter.D. Select Specify an IP address, and enter a unique IP address that is notused by any other computer on the network connected to the Router. Youcan only use an IP address in the ranges 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.99 and192.168.1.151 to 192.168.1.254.E. Enter the Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0.F. Enter the Default Gateway, 192.168.1.1 (Router’s default IP address).G. Click the DNS tab, and enter the Host and Domain names (e.g., John forHost and home for Domain). Under DNS Service Search Order, click theAdd button. Enter the DNS IP address in the DNS Server field, and clickthe Add button. Repeat this action for all DNS IP addresses given by yourISP.H. Click the OK button in the TCP/IP Protocol Properties window, and clickthe Close button in the Network window.I. Restart the computer if asked.Instant Wireless®SeriesAppendix A: TroubleshootingThis appendix consists of two parts: “Common Problems and Solutions” and“Frequently Asked Questions.” Provided are possible solutions to problemsregarding the installation and operation of the Router. If your situation is describedhere, the problem should be solved by applying the corresponding solution. If youcan’t find an answer here, check the Linksys website at www.linksys.com.1. I need to set a static IP address on a PC.The Router, by default, assigns an IP address range of 192.168.1.100 to192.168.1.150 using the DHCP server on the Router. To set a static IP address, youcan only use the ranges 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.99 and 192.168.1.151 to192.168.1.254. Each PC or network device that uses TCP/IP must have a uniqueaddress to identify itself in a network. If the IP address is not unique to a network,Windows will generate an IP conflict error message. You can assign a static IPaddress to a PC by performing the following steps:For Windows 95, 98, and Me:A. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Network.B. In The following network components are installed box, select the TCP/IP->associated with your Ethernet adapter. If you only have one Ethernet adapterinstalled, you will only see one TCP/IP line with no association to an Ethernetadapter. Highlight it and click the Properties button.C. In the TCP/IP properties window, select the IP address tab, and select Specifyan IP address. Enter a unique IP address that is not used by any other com-puter on the network connected to the Router. You can only use an IP addressin the ranges 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.99 and 192.168.1.151 to192.168.1.254. Make sure that each IP address is unique for each PC or net-work device.D. Click the Gateway tab, and in the New Gateway prompt, enter 192.168.1.1,which is the default IP address of the Router. Click the Add button to acceptthe entry.E. Click the DNS tab, and make sure the DNS Enabled option is selected. Enterthe Host and Domain names (e.g., John for Host and home for Domain).Enter the DNS entry provided by your ISP. If your ISP has not provided theDNS IP address, contact your ISP to get that information or go to its websitefor the information.F. Click the OK button in the TCP/IP properties window, and click Close or theOK button for the Network window.G. Restart the computer when asked.Common Problems and SolutionsWireless-B Broadband Router5251
• Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties win-dow, and click the OK button in the Local Area Connection Propertieswindow.• Restart the computer if asked.For Windows XP:The following instructions assume you are running Windows XP with thedefault interface. If you are using the Classic interface (where the icons andmenus look like previous Windows versions), please follow the instructionsfor Windows 2000.• Click Start and Control Panel. • Click the Network and Internet Connections icon and then theNetwork Connections icon.• Right-click the Local Area Connectionthat is associated with the Ethernet adapter you are using, and select theProperties option.• In the This connection uses the following items box, highlight InternetProtocol (TCP/IP), and click the Properties button. Make sure thatObtain an IP address automatically and Obtain DNS server addressautomatically are selected.• Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties win-dow, and click the OK button in the Local Area Connection Propertieswindow.• Restart the computer if asked.For Windows NT 4.0:• Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click the Networkicon.• Click the Protocol tab, and double-click on TCP/IP Protocol.• When the window appears, make sure you have selected the correctAdapter for your Ethernet adapter and set it for Obtain an IP addressfrom a DHCP server.• Click the OK button in the TCP/IP Protocol Properties window, andclick the Close button in the Network window.• Restart the computer if asked.B. Open a command prompt.• For Windows 95, 98, and Me, please click Start and Run. In the Openfield, type in command. Press the Enter key or click the OK button.• For Windows NT, 2000, and XP, please click Start and Run. In theOpen field, type cmd. Press the Enter key or click the OK button.Instant Wireless®SeriesFor Windows XP:The following instructions assume you are running Windows XP with the defaultinterface. If you are using the Classic interface (where the icons and menus looklike previous Windows versions), please follow the instructions for Windows 2000.A. Click Start and Control Panel. B. Click the Network and Internet Connections icon and then the NetworkConnections icon.C. Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with the Ethernetadapter you are using, and select the Properties option.D. In the This connection uses the following items box, highlight InternetProtocol (TCP/IP). Click the Properties button.E. Enter a unique IP address that is not used by any other computer on the net-work connected to the Router. You can only use an IP address in the ranges192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.99 and 192.168.1.151 to 192.168.1.254. F. Enter the Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0.G. Enter the Default Gateway, 192.168.1.1 (Router’s default IP address).H. Toward the bottom of the window, select Use the following DNS serveraddresses, and enter the Preferred DNS server and Alternative DNS server(provided by your ISP). Contact your ISP or go on its website to find the infor-mation.I. Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.Click the OK button in the Local Area Connection Properties window.2. I want to test my Internet connection.A. Check your TCP/IP settings.For Windows 95, 98, and Me:Refer to your Ethernet adapter’s documentation for details. Make sure ObtainIP address automatically is selected in the settings.For Windows 2000:• Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Network and Dial-Up Connections.• Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with the Ethernetadapter you are using, and select the Properties option. • In the Components checked are used by this connection box, highlightInternet Protocol (TCP/IP), and click the Properties button. Make surethat Obtain an IP address automatically and Obtain DNS server addressautomatically are selected.54Wireless-B Broadband Router53
F. Turn off the computer, Router, and cable/DSL modem. Wait 30 seconds,and then turn on the Router, cable/DSL modem, and computer. Check theStatus tab of the Router’s web-based utility to see if you get an IP address. 4. I am not able to access the Router’s web interface Setup page.A. Refer to “Problem #2, I want to test my Internet connection” to verify thatyour computer is properly connected to the Router.B. Refer to “Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP address for YourEthernet Adapter” to verify that your computer has an IP Address, SubnetMask, Gateway, and DNS.C. Set a static IP address on your system; refer to “Problem #1: I need to set astatic IP address.”D. Refer to “Problem #10: I need to remove the proxy settings or the dial-uppop-up window (for PPPoE users).”5. I can’t get my Virtual Private Network (VPN) working through the Router.Access the Router’s web interface by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IPaddress of the Router, and go to the Advanced => Filter tab. Make sure youhave IPsec pass-through and/or PPTP pass-through enabled.VPNs that use IPSec with the ESP (Encapsulation Security Payload known asprotocol 50) authentication will work fine. At least one IPSec session will workthrough the Router; however, simultaneous IPSec sessions may be possible,depending on the specifics of your VPNs.VPNs that use IPSec and AH (Authentication Header known as protocol 51)are incompatible with the Router. AH has limitations due to occasional incom-patibility with the NAT standard. Change the IP address for the Router to another subnet to avoid a conflictbetween the VPN IP address and your local IP address. For example, if yourVPN server assigns an IP address 192.168.1.X (X is a number from 1 to 254)and your local LAN IP address is 192.168.1.X (X is the same number used inthe VPN IP address), the Router will have difficulties routing information tothe right location. If you change the Router’s IP address to 192.168.2.1, thatshould solve the problem. Change the Router’s IP address through the Setup tabof the web interface. If you assigned a static IP address to any computer or net-work device on the network, you need to change its IP address accordingly to192.168.2.Y (Y being any number from 1 to 254). Note that each IP addressmust be unique within the network.Instant Wireless®SeriesC. In the command prompt, type ping 192.168.1.1 and press the Enter key. • If you get a reply, the computer is communicating with the Router.• If you do NOT get a reply, please check the cable, and make sure Obtainan IP address automatically is selected in the TCP/IP settings for yourEthernet adapter. D. In the command prompt, type ping followed by your WAN or Internet IPaddress and press the Enter key. The WAN or Internet IP Address can befound in the web inter-face of the Router. For example, if your WAN orInternet IP address is 1.2.3.4, you would enter ping 1.2.3.4 and press theEnter key.• If you get a reply, the computer is connected to the Router.• If you do NOT get a reply, try the ping command from a different com-puter to verify that your original computer is not the cause of the prob-lem.E. In the command prompt, type ping www.yahoo.com and press the Enterkey. • If you get a reply, the computer is connected to the Internet. If you can-not open a webpage, try the ping command from a different computer toverify that your original computer is not the cause of the problem.• If you do NOT get a reply, there may be a problem with the connection.Try the ping command from a different computer to verify that your orig-inal computer is not the cause of the problem.3. I am not getting an IP address on my Internet connection.A. Refer to “Problem #2, I want to test my Internet connection” to verify thatyou have connectivity.B. If you need to register the MAC address of your Ethernet adapter with yourISP, please see “Appendix D: Finding the MAC address and IP Address forYour Ethernet Adapter.” If you need to clone the MAC address of yourEthernet adapter onto the Router, see the MAC Address Clone section of“Chapter 5: Using the Router’s Web-based Utility” for details.C. Make sure you are using the right Internet settings. Contact your ISP to seeif your Internet connection type is DHCP, Static IP Address, or PPPoE(commonly used by DSL consumers). Please refer to the Setup section of“Chapter 5: Using the Router’s Web-based Utility” for details on WAN orInternet settings.D. Make sure you have the right cable. Check to see if the Internet LED issolidly lit. E. Make sure the cable connecting from your cable or DSL modem is con-nected to the Router’s Internet port. Verify that the Status page of theRouter’s web interface shows a valid IP address from your ISP.56Wireless-B Broadband Router55
7. I need to set up online game hosting or use other Internet applications.If you want to play online games or use Internet applications, most will workwithout doing any port forwarding or DMZ hosting. There may be cases whenyou want to host an online game or Internet application. This would requireyou to set up the Router to deliver incoming packets or data to a specific com-puter. This also applies to the Internet applications you are using. The best wayto get the information on what port services to use is to go to the website of theonline game or application you want to use. Follow these steps to set up onlinegame hosting or use a certain Internet application:A. Access the Router’s web interface by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IPaddress of the Router. Go to the Advanced => Forwarding tab.B. Enter any name you want to use for the Customized Application.C. Enter the Ext. Port range of the service you are using. For example, if youwant to host Unreal Tournament (UT), you would enter the range 7777 to27900.D. Check the protocol you will be using, TCP and/or UDP. E. Enter the IP address of the PC or network device that you want the portserver to go to. For example, if the web server’s Ethernet adapter IP addressis 192.168.1.100, you would enter 100 in the field provided. Check“Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your EthernetAdapter” for details on getting an IP address.F. Check the Enable option for the port services you want to use. Consider theexample below:Customized Ext. Port TCP UDP IP Address EnableApplicationUT 7777 to 27900 X X 192.168.1.100 X Halflife 27015 to 27015 X X 192.168.1.105 XPC Anywhere 5631 to 5631 X 192.168.1.102 XVPN IPSEC 500 to 500 X 192.168.1.100 XWhen you have completed the configuration, click the Apply button.Instant Wireless®Series58Your VPN may require port 500/UDP packets to be passed to the computer thatis connecting to the IPSec server. Refer to “Problem #7, I need to set up onlinegame hosting or use other Internet applications” for details. Check the Linksys website for more information at www.linksys.com.6. I need to set up a server behind my Router.To use a server like a web, ftp, or mail server, you need to know the respectiveport numbers they are using. For example, port 80 (HTTP) is used for web;port 21 (FTP) is used for FTP, and port 25 (SMTP outgoing) and port 110(POP3 incoming) are used for the mail server. You can get more informationby viewing the documentation provided with the server you installed. Followthese steps to set up port forwarding through the Router’s web-based utility. Wewill be setting up web, ftp, and mail servers.A. Access the Router’s web-based utility by going to http://192.168.1.1 or theIP address of the Router. Go to the Advanced => Forwarding tab. B. Enter any name you want to use for the Customized Application.C. Enter the Ext. Port range of the service you are using. For example, if youhave a web server, you would enter the range 80 to 80. D. Check the protocol you will be using, TCP and/or UDP. E. Enter the IP address of the PC or network device that you want the portserver to go to. For example, if the web server’s Ethernet adapter IP addressis 192.168.1.100, you would enter 100 in the field provided. Check“Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your EthernetAdapter” for details on getting an IP address.F. Check the Enable option for the port services you want to use. Consider theexample below:Customized Ext. Port TCP UDP IP Address EnableApplicationWeb server 80 to 80 X X 192.168.1.100 XFTP server 21 to 21 X 192.168.1.101 XSMTP (outgoing) 25 to 25 X X 192.168.1.102 XPOP3 (incoming) 110 to 110 X X 192.168.1.102 XWhen you have completed the configuration, click the Apply button.Wireless-B Broadband Router57
10. I am a PPPoE user, and I need to remove the proxy settings or the dial-up pop-up window.If you have proxy settings, you need to disable these on your computer.Because the Router is the gateway for the Internet connection, the computerdoes not need any proxy settings to gain access. Please follow these directionsto verify that you do not have any proxy settings and that the browser you useis set to connect directly to the LAN.For Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 or higher:A. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Internet Options. B. Click the Connections tab.C. Click the LAN settings button and remove anything that is checked.D. Click the OK button to go back to the previous screen.E. Click the option Never dial a connection. This will remove any dial-uppop-ups for PPPoE users.For Netscape 4.7 or higher:A. Start Netscape Navigator, and click Edit, Preferences, Advanced, andProxies. B. Make sure you have Direct connection to the Internet selected on thisscreen.C. Close all the windows to finish.11. To start over, I need to set the Router to factory default.Hold the Reset button for up to 30 seconds and then release it. This will returnthe password, forwarding, and other settings on the Router to the factorydefault settings. In other words, the Router will revert to its original factoryconfiguration.12. I need to upgrade the firmware.In order to upgrade the firmware with the latest features, you need to go to theLinksys website and download the latest firmware at www.linksys.com. Followthese steps:A. Go to the Linksys website at http://www.linksys.com and download thelatest firmware.B. To upgrade the firmware, follow the steps in the Help section found in“Chapter 5: Using the Router’s Web-based Utility.”Instant Wireless®Series8. I can’t get the Internet game, server, or application to work.If you are having difficulties getting any Internet game, server, or applicationto function properly, consider exposing one PC to the Internet usingDeMilitarized Zone (DMZ) hosting. This option is available when an applica-tion requires too many ports or when you are not sure which port services touse. Make sure you disable all the forwarding entries if you want to success-fully use DMZ hosting, since forwarding has priority over DMZ hosting. (Inother words, data that enters the Router will be checked first by the forwardingsettings. If the port number that the data enters from does not have port for-warding, then the Router will send the data to whichever PC or network deviceyou set for DMZ hosting.) Follow these steps to set DMZ hosting:A. Access the Router’s web-based utility by going to http://192.168.1.1 or theIP address of the Router. Go to the Advanced => Forwarding tab.B. Disable or remove the entries you have entered for forwarding. Keep thisinformation in case you want to use it at a later time.C. Click the DMZ Host tab.D. Enter the Ethernet adapter’s IP address of the computer you want exposedto the Internet. This will bypass the NAT firewall for that computer. Pleaserefer to “Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for YourEthernet Adapter” for details on getting an IP address. Once completed with the configuration, click the Apply button.9. I forgot my password, or the password prompt always appears when saving set-tings to the Router.Reset the Router to factory default by pressing the Reset button for 30 secondsand then releasing it. If you are still getting prompted for a password when sav-ing settings, then perform the following steps:A. Access the Router’s web interface by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IPaddress of the Router. Enter the default password admin, and click thePassword tab. B. Enter a different password in the Router Password field, and enter thesame password in the second field to confirm the password.C. Click the Apply button.Wireless-B Broadband Router6059
15. I can't access my email, web, or VPN, or I am getting corrupted data from theInternet.The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) setting may need to be adjusted. Bydefault, the MTU is set at 1500. For most DSL users, it is strongly recom-mended to use MTU 1492. If you are having some difficulties, perform the fol-lowing steps:A. To connect to the Router, go to the web browser, and enterhttp://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the Router.B. Enter the password, if asked. (The default password is admin.)C. Click the Advanced => Filter tab.D. Look for the MTU option, and select Enable. In the Size field, enter 1492. E. Click the Apply button to continue.If your difficulties continue, change the Size to different values. Try this list ofvalues, one value at a time, in this order, until your problem is solved:146214001362130016. I need to use port triggering.Port triggering looks at the outgoing port services used and will trigger theRouter to open a specific port, depending on which port an Internet applicationuses. Follow these steps:A. To connect to the Router, go to the web browser, and enterhttp://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the Router.B. Enter the password, if asked. (The default password is admin.)C. Click the Advanced => Forwarding tab, and click the Port Trigger button.D. Enter any name you want to use for the Application Name.E. Enter the Triggered Port Range. Check with your Internet applicationprovider for more information on which outgoing port services it is using.F. Enter the Incoming Port Range. Check with your Internet Applicationprovider for more information on which incoming port services arerequired by the Internet application.Instant Wireless®Series13. The firmware upgrade failed, and/or the Diag LED is flashing.The upgrade could have failed for a number of reasons. Follow these steps toupgrade the firmware and/or make the Diag LED stop flashing:A. If the firmware upgrade failed, use the TFTP program (it was downloadedalong with the firmware). Open the pdf that was downloaded along with thefirmware and TFTP program, and follow the pdf’s instructions.B. Set a static IP address on the PC; refer to “Problem #1, I need to set a stat-ic IP address.” Use the following IP address settings for the computer youare using:IP Address: 192.168.1.50Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0Gateway: 192.168.1.1C. Perform the upgrade using the TFTP program or the Router’s web-basedutility through its Help tab.14. My DSL service’s PPPoE is always disconnecting.PPPoE is not actually a dedicated or always-on connection. The DSL ISP candisconnect the service after a period of inactivity, just like a normal phone dial-up connection to the Internet. There is a setup option to “keep alive” the con-nection. This may not always work, so you may need to re-establish connec-tion periodically.A. To connect to the Router, go to the web browser, and enterhttp://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the Router.B. Enter the password, if asked. (The default password is admin.)C. In the Setup tab, select the option Keep Alive, and set the Redial Periodoption at 20 (seconds).D. Click the Apply button.E. Click the Status tab, and click the Connect button.F. You may see the login status display as Connecting. Press the F5 key torefresh the screen, until you see the login status display as Connected.G. Click the Apply button to continue.If the connection is lost again, follow steps E to G to re-establish connection.Wireless-B Broadband Router6261
I’m an AOL member and I need more information. Additional information can befound at AOL Keyword: Linksys Setup.What is the maximum number of IP addresses that the Router will support? TheRouter will support up to 253 IP addresses.Is IPSec Pass-Through supported by the Router? Yes, it is a built-in feature thatthe Router automatically enables.Where is the Router installed on the network? In a typical environment, theRouter is installed between the cable/DSL modem and the LAN. Plug theRouter into the cable/DSL modem’s Ethernet port.Does the Router support IPX or AppleTalk? No. TCP/IP is the only protocol stan-dard for the Internet and has become the global standard for communications.IPX, a NetWare communications protocol used only to route messages fromone node to another, and AppleTalk, a communications protocol used onApple and Macintosh networks, can be used for LAN to LAN connections,but those protocols cannot connect from Internet to LAN.Does the Router Internet port support 100 Mbps? Because of the speed limita-tions of broadband Internet connections, the Router’s current hardware designsupports 10 Mbps Ethernet on its Internet port. It does, of course, support 100Mbps over the auto-sensing Fast Ethernet 10/100 switch on the LAN side ofthe Router. What is Network Address Translation and what is it used for? Network AddressTranslation (NAT) translates multiple IP addresses on the private LAN to onepublic address that is sent out to the Internet. This adds a level of securitysince the address of a PC connected to the private LAN is never transmittedon the Internet. Furthermore, NAT allows the Router to be used with low costInternet accounts, such as DSL or cable modems, when only one TCP/IPaddress is provided by the ISP. The user may have many private addressesbehind this single address provided by the ISP.Does the Router support any operating system other than Windows 95, Windows98, Windows 2000, Windows NT, or Windows XP? Yes, but Linksys does not, atthis time, provide technical support for setup, configuration or troubleshoot-ing of any non-Windows operating systems.Frequently Asked QuestionsInstant Wireless®Series17. The Diag LED stays lit continuously.• The Diag LED lights up when the device is first powered up. Meantime,the system will boot up itself and check for proper operation. After fin-ishing the checking procedure, the LED turns off to show that the systemis working fine. If the LED remains lit after this time, the device is notworking properly. Try to flash the firmware by assigning a static IPaddress to the computer, and then upgrade the firmware. Try using thefollowing settings, IP Address: 192.168.1.50 and Subnet Mask:255.255.255.0.18. When I enter a URL or IP address, I get a time-out error or am prompted to retry.• Check if other PCs work. If they do, ensure that your workstation’s IP set-tings are correct (IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, and DNS).Restart the computer that is having a problem.• If the PCs are configured correctly, but still not working, check theRouter. Ensure that it is connected and ON. Connect to it and check itssettings. (If you cannot connect to it, check the LAN and power connec-tions.)• If the Router is configured correctly, check your Internet connection(DSL/cable modem, etc.) to see if it is working correctly. You can removethe Router to verify a direct connection.• Manually configure the TCP/IP with a DNS address provided by yourISP.• Make sure that your browser is set to connect directly and that any dial-up is disabled. For Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options, andthen the Connection tab. Make sure that Internet Explorer is set to Neverdial a connection. For Netscape Navigator, click Edit, Preferences,Advanced, and Proxy. Make sure that Netscape Navigator is set toDirect connection to the Internet.19. The Full/Col LED keeps flickering continuously.• Check the Category 5 Ethernet cable and its RJ-45 connectors.• There may be interference with other network devices. Try removingother PCs or network devices to see if the problem persists. Eliminateeach network device one at a time to determine the cause.Wireless-B Broadband Router6463
If all else fails in the installation, what can I do? Reset the Router by holdingdown the reset button until the Diag LED fully turns on and off. Reset yourcable or DSL modem by powering the unit off and then on. Obtain and flashthe latest firmware release that is readily available on the Linksys website,www.linksys.com.How will I be notified of new Router firmware upgrades? All Linksys firmwareupgrades are posted on the Linksys website at www.linksys.com, where theycan be downloaded for free. The Router’s firmware can be upgraded withTFTP programs. If the Router’s Internet connection is working well, there isno need to download a newer firmware version, unless that version containsnew features that you would like to use. Downloading a more current versionof Router firmware will not enhance the quality or speed of your Internet con-nection, and may disrupt your current connection stability.Will the Router function in a Macintosh environment? Yes, but the Router’s setuppages are accessible only through Internet Explorer 4.0 or NetscapeNavigator 4.0 or higher for Macintosh.I am not able to get the web configuration screen for the Router. What can I do?You may have to remove the proxy settings on your Internet browser, e.g.,Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer. Or remove the dial-up settings onyour browser. Check with your browser documentation, and make sure thatyour browser is set to connect directly and that any dial-up is disabled. Makesure that your browser is set to connect directly and that any dial-up is dis-abled. For Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options, and then theConnection tab. Make sure that Internet Explorer is set to Never dial a con-nection. For Netscape Navigator, click Edit, Preferences, Advanced, andProxy. Make sure that Netscape Navigator is set to Direct connection to theInternet.What is DMZ Hosting? Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) allows one IP address (com-puter) to be exposed to the Internet. Some applications require multipleTCP/IP ports to be open. It is recommended that you set your computer witha static IP if you want to use DMZ Hosting. To get the LAN IP address, see“Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your EthernetAdapter.”If DMZ Hosting is used, does the exposed user share the public IP with the Router?No.Does the Router pass PPTP packets or actively route PPTP sessions? The Routerallows PPTP packets to pass through.Instant Wireless®SeriesDoes the Router support ICQ send file? Yes, with the following fix: click ICQ menu -> preference -> connections tab->, and check I am behind a fire-wall or proxy. Then set the firewall time-out to 80 seconds in the firewall set-ting. The Internet user can then send a file to a user behind the Router.I set up an Unreal Tournament Server, but others on the LAN cannot join. What doI need to do? If you have a dedicated Unreal Tournament server running, youneed to create a static IP for each of the LAN computers and forward ports7777, 7778, 7779, 7780, 7781, and 27900 to the IP address of the server. Youcan also use a port forwarding range of 7777 ~ 27900. If you want to use theUT Server Admin, forward another port (8080 usually works well but is usedfor remote admin. You may have to disable this.), and then in the[UWeb.WebServer] section of the server.ini file, set the ListenPort to 8080 (tomatch the mapped port above) and ServerName to the IP assigned to theRouter from your ISP.Can multiple gamers on the LAN get on one game server and play simultaneouslywith just one public IP address? It depends on which network game or whatkind of game server you are using. For example, Unreal Tournament supportsmulti-login with one public IP.How do I get Half-Life: Team Fortressto work with the Router? The default clientport for Half-Life is 27005. The computers on your LAN need to have“+clientport 2700x” added to the HL shortcut command line; the x would be6, 7, 8, and on up. This lets multiple computers connect to the same server.One problem: Version 1.0.1.6 won’t let multiple computers with the same CDkey connect at the same time, even if on the same LAN (not a problem with1.0.1.3). As far as hosting games, the HL server does not need to be in theDMZ. Just forward port 27015 to the local IP address of the server comput-er. How can I block corrupted FTP downloads? If you are experiencing corruptedfiles when you download a file with your FTP client, try using another FTPprogram.The web page hangs; downloads are corrupt, or nothing but junk characters arebeing displayed on the screen. What do I need to do? Force your Ethernetadapter to 10Mbps or half duplex mode, and turn off the “Auto-negotiate”feature of your Ethernet adapter as a temporary measure. (Please look at theNetwork Control Panel in your Ethernet adapter’s Advanced Properties tab.)Make sure that your proxy setting is disabled in the browser. Check our web-site at www.linksys.com for more information.Wireless-B Broadband Router6665
What IEEE 802.11 features are supported? The product supports the followingIEEE 802.11 functions: • CSMA/CA plus Acknowledge protocol • Multi-Channel Roaming• Automatic Rate Selection • RTS/CTS feature • Fragmentation • Power Management What is BSS ID? A specific Ad-hoc LAN is called a Basic Service Set (BSS).Computers in a BSS must be configured with the same BSS ID.What is ISM band? The FCC and their counterparts outside of the U.S. have setaside bandwidth for unlicensed use in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific andMedical) band. This presents a truly revolutionary opportunity to place con-venient high speed wireless capabilities in the hands of users around theglobe. What is Spread Spectrum? Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radiofrequency technique developed by the military for use in reliable, secure, mis-sion-critical communications systems. It is designed to trade off bandwidthefficiency for reliability, integrity, and security. In other words, more band-width is consumed than in the case of narrowband transmission, but the trade-off produces a signal that is, in effect, louder and thus easier to detect, pro-vided that the receiver knows the parameters of the spread-spectrum signalbeing broadcast. If a receiver is not tuned to the right frequency, a spread-spectrum signal looks like background noise. There are two main alternatives,Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping SpreadSpectrum (FHSS).What is DSSS? What is FHSS? And what are their differences? FrequencyHopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) uses a narrowband carrier that changesfrequency in a pattern that is known to both transmitter and receiver. Properlysynchronized, the net effect is to maintain a single logical channel. To anunintended receiver, FHSS appears to be short-duration impulse noise. DirectSequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) generates a redundant bit pattern for eachbit to be transmitted. This bit pattern is called a chip (or chipping code). Thelonger the chip, the greater the probability that the original data can be recov-ered. Even if one or more bits in the chip are damaged during transmission,statistical techniques embedded in the radio can recover the original dataInstant Wireless®SeriesIs the Router cross-platform compatible? Any platform that supports Ethernetand TCP/IP is compatible with the Router.How many ports can be simultaneously forwarded? Theoretically, the Router canestablish 520 sessions at the same time, but you can only forward 10 rangesof ports.Does the Router replace a modem? Is there a cable or DSL modem in the Router?No, this version of the Router must work in conjunction with a cable or DSLmodem.Which modems are compatible with the Router? The Router is compatible withvirtually any cable or DSL modem that supports Ethernet.What are the advanced features of the Router? The Router’s advanced featuresinclude IP Filtering, Port Range Forwarding, Dynamic Routing, StaticRouting, DMZ hosting, and MAC Address Cloning.What is the maximum number of VPN sessions allowed by the Router?The maximum number depends on many factors. At least one IPSec sessionwill work through the Router; however, simultaneous IPSec sessions may bepossible, depending on the specifics of your VPNs. How big is the memory buffer on the Router? 1MB buffer and 512KB flash.How can I check whether I have static or DHCP IP Addresses? Consult your ISPto obtain this information. How do I get mIRC to work with the Router? Under the Port Range Forwardingtab, set port forwarding to 113 for the PC on which you are using mIRC.Can the Router act as my DHCP Server? Yes. The Router has DHCP Server soft-ware built-in.Can I run an application from a remote computer over the wireless network? Thiswill depend on whether or not the application is designed to be used over anetwork. Consult the application’s documentation to determine if it supportsoperation over a network.What is the IEEE 802.11b standard? The IEEE 802.11b Wireless LAN standardssubcommittee formulates the standard for the industry. The objective is toenable wireless LAN hardware from different manufacturers to communicate. Wireless-B Broadband Router6867
Appendix B: How to Ping Your ISP’sE-mail and Web AddressesVirtually all Internet addresses are configured with words or characters (i.e.,www.linksys.com, www.yahoo.com, etc.) In actuality, however, these Internetaddresses are assigned to IP addresses, which are the true addresses on theInternet. For example, www.linksys.com is actually 216.23.162.142. Enteringthat into your web browser will bring up at the Linksys home page every time.IP and web addresses, however, can sometimes be long and hard to remember.Because of this, certain ISPs will shorten their server addresses to single wordsor codes on their users’ web browser or e-mail configurations. If your ISP’s e-mail and web server addresses are configured with single words (“www,” “e-mail,” “home,” “pop3,” etc.) rather than whole Internet Addresses or IPAddresses, the Router may have problems sending or receiving mail andaccessing the Internet. This happens because the Router has not been config-ured by your ISP to accept their abbreviated server addresses.The solution is to determine the true web addresses behind your ISP’s codewords. You can determine the IP and web addresses of your ISP’s servers by“pinging” them.Step One: Pinging an IP AddressThe first step to determining your ISP’s web and e-mail server address is toping its IP address.1. Power on the computer and the cable or DSL modem, and restore thenetwork configuration set by your ISP if you have since changed it.2. Click Start, then Run, and type “command.” This will bring up the DOSwindow.NNoottee::If you don’t have your ISP’s web and e-mail IP addresses, you musteither get them from your ISP or follow these steps prior to connecting theRouter to your network.Instant Wireless®Serieswithout the need for retransmission. To an unintended receiver, DSSS appearsas low power wideband noise and is rejected (ignored) by most narrowbandreceivers. Would the information be intercepted while transmitting on air? WLAN featurestwo-fold protection in security. On the hardware side, as with DirectSequence Spread Spectrum technology, it has the inherent security feature ofscrambling. On the software side, the WLAN series offers the encryptionfunction (WEP) to enhance security and access control. Users can set it updepending upon their needs.What is WEP? WEP is Wired Equivalent Privacy, a data privacy mechanismbased on a 40/64 bit shared key algorithm, as described in the IEEE 802.11standard. What is a MAC Address? The Media Access Control (MAC) address is a uniquenumber assigned by the manufacturer to any Ethernet networking device,such as a network adapter, that allows the network to identify it at the hard-ware level. For all practical purposes, this number is usually permanent.Unlike IP addresses, which can change every time a computer logs on to thenetwork, the MAC address of a device stays the same, making it a valuableidentifier for the network.If your questions are not addressed here, refer to the Linksys website,www.linksys.com.Wireless-B Broadband Router7069
2. Write down the web address returned by the ping command (in theexample above: mail.msnv3.occa.home.com.). This web address is the webaddress assigned to the IP address you just pinged. While the IP address of“mail” could conceivably change, it is likely that this web address will not.3. Replace your ISP’s abbreviated server address with this extended webaddress in the corresponding Internet application (web browser, e-mailapplication, etc.).Once you have replaced the brief server address with the true server address,the Router should have no problem accessing the Internet through that Internetapplication.C:\>ping -a 24.53.32.4Pinging mail.msnv3.occa.home.com [24.53.32.4] with32 bytes of data:Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127Ping statistics for 24.53.32.4:Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0%loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0msInstant Wireless®Series3. At the DOS command prompt, type “ping mail” (assuming that the loca-tion for which you’re trying to find an IP address is configured as “mail”).Press Enter. Information such as the following data, taken from a ping ofMicrosoft Network’s e-mail server, will be displayed.4. Write down the IP address returned by the ping command. (In theexample above: 24.53.32.4.) This IP address is the actual IP address of theserver “mail,” or any other word or value you have pinged.Step Two: Pinging for a Web AddressWhile the IP address returned above would work as your e-mail server address,it may not be permanent. IP addresses change all the time. Web addresses, how-ever, usually don’t. Because of this, you’re likely to have fewer problems byconfiguring your system with web addresses rather than IP addresses. Followthe instructions below to find the web address assigned to the IP address youjust pinged.1. At the DOS command prompt, type “ping -a 24.53.32.4,” where24.53.32.4 is the IP address you just pinged. Information such as the fol-lowing data will be displayed.C:\>ping mailPinging mail [24.53.32.4] with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128Ping statistics for 24.53.32.4:Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0%loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms72Wireless-B Broadband Router71
The following steps will show you how to utilize WEP encryption1. From the Web-based Utility’s Setup tab, select Mandatory under the WEPsection.2. Press the WEP Key Setting button to set the WEP Encryption type andlevel.3. The screen dis-played in FigureC-1 may appear,verifying that youare enabling WEPEncryption. Pressthe OK button tocontinue.4. This will display the screen shown in Figure C-2. From this screen, you willchoose your WEP Encryption settings.Figure C-2Figure C-1Instant Wireless®SeriesAppendix C: Configuring WirelessSecurityAn acronym for Wired Equivalent Privacy, WEP is an encryption method usedto protect your wireless data communications. WEP uses a combination of 64-bit or 128-bit keys to provide access control to your network and encryptionsecurity for every data transmission. To decode a data transmission, each pointin a network must use an identical 64-bit or 128-bit key. Higher encryption lev-els mean higher levels of security, but due to the complexity of the encryption,they may mean decreased network performance.You may also have heard the term “40-bit” used in conjunction with WEPencryption. This is simply another term for 64-bit WEP encryption. This levelof WEP encryption has been called 40-bit because it uses a 40-bit secret keyalong with a 24-bit Initialization Vector (40 + 24 = 64). Wireless vendors mayuse either name. Linksys uses the term “64-bit” when referring to this level ofencryption.Make sure your wireless network is functioning before attempting to configureWEP encryption.A 128-bit WEP encrypted wireless network will NOT communicate with a 64-bit WEP encrypted wireless network. Therefore, make sure that all of yourwireless devices are using the same encryption level. All wireless devices com-plying with the 802.11b standard will support 64-bit WEP.In addition to enabling WEP, Linksys also recommends the following securityimplementations:•Changing the SSID from the default “linksys”•Changing the WEP key regularly•Disabling SSID BroadcastNote: WEP encryption is an additional data securi-ty measure and not essential for router operation. Note: In order for WEP Encryption to be enabled, wireless functions mustfirst be enabled. Select Enable under the Wireless section before proceeding.Wireless-B Broadband Router7473
As Windows XP does not allow for the use of the Linksys Passphrase featurewith the wireless PC adapters, you will need to manually enter the key gener-ated in the previous section. The following steps will help you enable WEP and enter the encryption keymanually for your wireless PC cards, in order to enable your Windows XP sys-tem to communicate with the Router wirelessly.These steps assume that your CD-ROM drive is letter D and that you are run-ning Windows XP in the default mode.Be sure you have the WEP Key generated by the Router.1. As shown in Figure C-3, click the Start button and go to the Control Panel.Figure C-3Configuring Wireless Security in Windows XPInstant Wireless®Series• WEP (64Bit or 128B) Select the level of encryption from the drop-downbox. 128-bit WEP encryption is unique to Linksys and may conflict withother vendors’ WEP encryption.The WEP Encryption key is generated in one of two ways:1. You may create an encryption key by using a Passphrase.a. Enter a Passphrase, a user-defined password, into the Passphrase field.The Passphrase can be a maximum of 31 letters, symbols, and numbers.No spaces can be used.b. Click the Generate button to create a key. The key will be 10 digits ifyou chose 64-bit encryption, or 26 digits if you chose 128-bit encryption.This key will be used to encrypt and decrypt the data being sent betweenthe Router and your network’s wireless PCs.The Key field may not display all digits. Using the mouse, click any-where within the Key field. Move the cursor to the right to view the restof the Key. Make sure your write down the entire Key EXACTLY theway it is displayed. 2. You may enter the encryption key manually.Make a note of the Passphrase or Manual Key. You will need it for the otherwireless devices on the network, as the same WEP encryption key must beentered in all wireless devices on the network.Once you have chosen your key encryption method and entered either thePassphrase or manual key, click the Apply button, and the encryption portionof the setup is complete.Note: In order to utilize WEP encryption, all points in your wirelessnetwork must have WEP enabled and be set to the same Key Setting.Note: In Windows XP, a 128-bit Key generated by the Routerwill be called a "104 bits (26 digits)" key, and a 64-bit Key gen-erated by the Router will be called a “40 bits (10 digits)” key.Wireless-B Broadband Router7675
If a “Connect to Wireless Network” window appears, in the AvailableNetworks section, click the desired wireless network, specified by theRouter’s SSID. Then, double-click the Wireless Network Connection icon.5. When the “Wireless Network Connection Status” window appears, as inFigure C-7, click the Properties button.Figure C-6Figure C-7Instant Wireless®Series2. In the “Control Panel” window, click the Network and InternetConnections icon, shown in Figure C-4.3. Click the Network Connections icon, shown in Figure C-5.4. The “Network Connections” window will appear, as shown in Figure C-6.Under LAN or High-Speed Internet you will see all Network cards that areinstalled and operating in your computer. Double-click the WirelessNetwork Connection icon associated with your wireless adapter.If the “Wireless Network Connection Status” window appears, continue tothe next stepFigure C-4Figure C-5Wireless-B Broadband Router7877
8. The “Wireless Network Properties” window (shown in Figure C-10) willappear.Click the check box for the Data encryption (WEP enabled) option.Remove the check from the Network Authentication (Shared mode) andThe key is provided for me automatically fields. In the "Network key" field, enter the exact Key (all 10 or 26 digits, depend-ing on the level of encryption) generated by the Router.Verify that the “Key format” field displays “Hexadecimal digits” and thatthe “Key length” field displays either “40 bits (10 digits)” or “104 bits (26digits)”. If this is not displayed, you have entered the key incorrectly.Click the OK button to save the settings. Click on OK buttons until youget back to the “Wireless Network Connection Status” window. Close anyopen windows to get back to the Windows XP desktop.Close any applications and reboot your PC. After reboot, WEP configurationis complete and you should be able to connect wirelessly to the Router.Figure C-10Instant Wireless®Series6. When the “WirelessNetwork ConnectionProperties” windowappears, as in Figure C-8, click the WirelessNetworks Tab.7. If the appropriate wire-less network, specifiedby the Router’s SSID, isdisplayed in the“Preferred networks”section, as shown inFigure C-9, double-click it and continue tothe next step.Otherwise, click on theappropriate wirelessnetwork, specified bythe Router’s SSID, inthe “Available net-works” section. Then,click the ConfigurebuttonFigure C-8Figure C-9Wireless-B Broadband Router8079
3. Write down the Adapter Address as shown on your computer screen (seeFigure D-3). This is the MAC address for your Ethernet adapter and willbe shown as a series of numbers and letters. The MAC address/Adapter Address is what you will use for MAC AddressCloning or MAC Filtering. The example in Figure F-3 shows the IP address of your Ethernet adapteras 192.168.1.100. Your computer may show something different. For Windows NT, 2000, and XP:The following steps show an alternative way of obtaining the MAC address andIP address for your Ethernet adapter.1. Click on Start and Run. In the Open field, enter cmd, as shown in FigureD-4. Press the Enter key or click the OK button.Figure D-3Figure D-4Note: The MAC address is also called the AdapterAddress.Instant Wireless®SeriesAppendix D: Finding the MACAddress and IP Address for YourEthernet AdapterThis section describes how to find the MAC address for your Ethernet adapterto do either MAC Filtering or MAC Address Cloning for the Router and ISP.You can also find the IP address of your computer’s Ethernet adapter. The IPaddress is used for filtering, forwarding, and DMZ. Follow these steps to findthe MAC address or IP address for your adapter in Windows 95, 98, ME, NT,2000, and XP. For Windows 95, 98, and ME:1. Click on Start and Run. In the Open field, enter winipcfg, as shown inFigure D-1. Then press the Enter key or the OK button.2. When the IP Configuration window appears, as shown in Figure D-2, selectthe Ethernet adapter you are using to connect to the Router via a CAT 5Ethernet cable.Figure D-1Figure D-2Wireless-B Broadband Router8281
When entering the information using the Router’s web-based utility, you willtype the 12-digit MAC address in this format, XXXXXXXXXXXX withoutthe hyphens for MAC Filtering. See Figure D-6.When entering information for MAC Address Cloning, type the 12-digit MACaddress (see Figure D-7). Figure D-6Figure D-7Instant Wireless®Series2. In the command prompt, enter ipconfig /all. Then press the Enter key.3. Write down the Physical Address as shown on your computer screen; it isthe MAC address for your Ethernet adapter. This will appear as a series ofletters and numbers. The MAC address/Physical Address is what you will use for MAC AddressCloning or MAC Filtering. The example in Figure D-5 shows the IP address of your Ethernet adapteras 192.168.1.100. Your computer may show something different. Figure D-5Note: The MAC address is also called the PhysicalAddress.Wireless-B Broadband Router8483
Bit - A binary digit. The value - 0 or 1-used in the binary numbering system.Also, the smallest form of data.Boot - To cause the computer to start executing instructions. Personal comput-ers contain built-in instructions in a ROM chip that are automatically executedon startup. These instructions search for the operating system, load it and passcontrol to it. Broadband - A data-transmission scheme in which multiple signals share thebandwidth of a medium. This allows the transmission of voice, data and videosignals over a single medium. Cable television uses broadband techniques todeliver dozens of channels over one cable.Browser - A browser is an application program that provides a way to look atand interact with all the information on the World Wide Web or PC. The word"browser" seems to have originated prior to the Web as a generic term for userinterfaces that let you browse text files online. BSS (Basic Service Set) - An infrastructure network connecting wirelessdevices to a wired network using a single access point.Buffer - A buffer is a shared or assigned memory area used by hardwaredevices or program processes that operate at different speeds or with differentsets of priorities. The buffer allows each device or process to operate withoutbeing held up by the other. In order for a buffer to be effective, the size of thebuffer and the algorithms for moving data into and out of the buffer need to beconsidered by the buffer designer. Like a cache, a buffer is a "midpoint holdingplace" but exists not so much to accelerate the speed of an activity as to sup-port the coordination of separate activities. Cable Modem - A device that connects a computer to the cable television net-work, which in turn connects to the Internet. Once connected, cable modemusers have a continuous connection to the Internet. Cable modems featureasymmetric transfer rates: around 36 Mbps downstream (from the Internet tothe computer), and from 200 Kbps to 2 Mbps upstream (from the computer tothe Internet).CAT 5 - ANSI/EIA (American National Standards Institute/ElectronicIndustries Association) Standard 568 is one of several standards that specify"categories" (the singular is commonly referred to as "CAT") of twisted pairWireless-B Broadband Router86Appendix F: Glossary10BaseT - An Ethernet standard that uses twisted wire pairs.100BaseTX - IEEE physical layer specification for 100 Mbps over two pairs ofCategory 5 wire.Adapter - Printed circuit board that plugs into a PC to add to capabilities orconnectivity to a PC. In a networked environment, a network interface card isthe typical adapter that allows the PC or server to connect to the intranet and/orInternet.Ad-hoc Network - An ad-hoc network is a group of computers, each with awireless adapter, connected as an independent 802.11 wireless LAN. Ad-hocwireless computers operate on a peer-to-peer basis, communicating directlywith each other without the use of an access point. Ad-hoc mode is alsoreferred to as an Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) or as peer-to-peermode.AppleTalk - An Apple Computer networking system that support Apple's pro-prietary local talk.Auto-negotiate - To automatically determine the correct settings. The term isoften used with communications and networking. For example, Ethernet10/100 cards, hubs and switches can determine the highest speed of the nodethey are connected to and adjust their transmission rate accordingly.Backbone - The part of a network that connects most of the systems and net-works together and handles the most data.Bandwidth - The transmission capacity of a given facility, in terms of howmuch data the facility can transmit in a fixed amount of time; expressed in bitsper second (bps).Beacon Interval - A beacon is a packet broadcast by an access point or routerto keep the network synchronized. A beacon includes the wireless LAN serv-ice area, the AP address, the Broadcast destination addresses, a time stamp,Delivery Traffic Indicator Maps, and the Traffic Indicator Message (TIM).Instant Wireless®Series85
cially useful in education and other environments where users change fre-quently. Using very short leases, DHCP can dynamically reconfigure networksin which there are more computers than there are available IP addresses. DHCP supports static addresses for computers containing Web servers thatneed a permanent IP address. DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) - Allows one IP address (or computer) to beexposed to the Internet. Some applications require multiple TCP/IP ports to beopen. It is recommended that you set your computer with a static IP address ifyou want to use DMZ Hosting.DNS - The domain name system (DNS) is the way that Internet domain nameare located and translated into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. A domain nameis a meaningful and easy-to-remember "handle" for an Internet address. Domain - A subnetwork comprised of a group of clients and servers under thecontrol of one security database. Dividing LANs into domains improves per-formance and security.Download - To receive a file transmitted over a network. In a communicationssession, download means receive, upload means transmit. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) - A technology that dramatically increases thedigital capacity of ordinary telephone lines into the home or office and, byemploying unused bandwidth, still allows for normal phone usage. DSL pro-vides "always-on" operation, eliminating the need to dial in to the service.DSSS (Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum) - DSSS generates a redundant bitpattern for all data transmitted. This bit pattern is called a chip (or chippingcode). Even if one or more bits in the chip are damaged during transmission,statistical techniques embedded in the receiver can recover the original datawithout the need for retransmission. To an unintended receiver, DSSS appearsas low power wideband noise and is rejected (ignored) by most narrowbandreceivers. However, to an intended receiver (i.e. another wireless LAN end-point), the DSSS signal is recognized as the only valid signal, and interferenceis inherently rejected (ignored).DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message) - A DTIM field is a countdownfield informing clients of the next window for listening to broadcast and mul-ticast messages. When the AP has buffered broadcast or multicast messages forWireless-B Broadband Router8887cabling systems (wires, junctions, and connectors) in terms of the data ratesthat they can sustain. CAT 5 cable has a maximum throughput of 100 Mbps andis usually utilized for 100BaseTX networks.CAT 5e - The additional cabling performance parameters of return loss and far-end crosstalk (FEXT) specified for 1000BASE-T and not specified for10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX are related to differences in the signaling imple-mentation. 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX signaling is unidirectional-signalsare transmitted in one direction on a single wire pair. In contrast, GigabitEthernet is bi-directional-signals are transmitted simultaneously in both direc-tions on the same wire pair; that is, both the transmit and receive pair occupythe same wire pair.CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) - In localarea networking, this is the CSMA technique that combines slotted time-divi-sion multiplexing with carrier sense multiple access/collision detection(CSMA/CD) to avoid having collisions occur a second time. This works best ifthe time allocated is short compared to packet length and if the number of sit-uations is small.Data Packet - One frame in a packet-switched message. Most data communi-cations is based on dividing the transmitted message into packets. For example,an Ethernet packet can be from 64 to 1518 bytes in length.Default Gateway - The routing device used to forward all traffic that is notaddressed to a station within the local subnet.DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - A protocol that lets networkadministrators manage centrally and automate the assignment of InternetProtocol (IP) addresses in an organization's network. Using the Internet's set ofprotocol (TCP/IP), each machine that can connect to the Internet needs aunique IP address. When an organization sets up its computer users with a con-nection to the Internet, an IP address must be assigned to each machine.Without DHCP, the IP address must be entered manually at each computer and,if computers move to another location in another part of the network, a new IPaddress must be entered. DHCP lets a network administrator supervise and dis-tribute IP addresses from a central point and automatically sends a new IPaddress when a computer is plugged into a different place in the network. DHCP uses the concept of a "lease" or amount of time that a given IP addresswill be valid for a computer. The lease time can vary depending on how long auser is likely to require the Internet connection at a particular location. It's espe-Instant Wireless®Series
Firewall - A firewall is a set of related programs, located at a network gatewayserver, that protects the resources of a network from users from other networks.(The term also implies the security policy that is used with the programs.) Anenterprise with an intranet that allows its workers access to the wider Internetinstalls a firewall to prevent outsiders from accessing its own private dataresources and for controlling what outside resources to which its own usershave access. Basically, a firewall, working closely with a router, examines each networkpacket to determine whether to forward it toward its destination.Firmware - Code that is written onto read-only memory (ROM) or program-mable read-only memory (PROM). Once firmware has been written onto theROM or PROM, it is retained even when the device is turned off.Fragmentation - Breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting overa network medium that cannot support the original size of the packet. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IPnetwork (Internet, UNIX, etc.). For example, after developing the HTML pagesfor a Web site on a local machine, they are typically uploaded to the Web serv-er using FTP.FTP includes functions to log onto the network, list directories and copy files.It can also convert between the ASCII and EBCDIC character codes. FTP oper-ations can be performed by typing commands at a command prompt or via anFTP utility running under a graphical interface such as Windows. FTP transferscan also be initiated from within a Web browser by entering the URL precededwith ftp://.Unlike e-mail programs in which graphics and program files have to be"attached," FTP is designed to handle binary files directly and does not add theoverhead of encoding and decoding the data.Full Duplex - The ability of a device or line to transmit data simultaneously inboth directions.Gateway - A device that interconnects networks with different, incompatiblecommunications protocols. Half Duplex - Data transmission that can occur in two directions over a singleline, but only one direction at a time.Wireless-B Broadband Router9089associated clients, it sends the next DTIM with a DTIM Interval value. APClients hear the beacons and awaken to receive the broadcast and multicastmessages.Dynamic IP Address - An IP address that is automatically assigned to a clientstation in a TCP/IP network, typically by a DHCP server. Network devices thatserve multiple users, such as servers and printers, are usually assigned static IPaddresses. Dynamic Routing - The ability for a router to forward data via a different routebased on the current conditions of the communications circuits. For example,it can adjust for overloaded traffic or failing lines and is much more flexiblethan static routing, which uses a fixed forwarding path.Encryption - A security method that applies a specific algorithm to data inorder to alter the data's appearance and prevent other devices from reading theinformation. ESS (Extended Service Set) - A set of more than two or more BSSs (multipleaccess points) forming a single network.Ethernet - IEEE standard network protocol that specifies how data is placedon and retrieved from a common transmission medium. Has a transfer rate of10 Mbps. Forms the underlying transport vehicle used by several upper-levelprotocols, including TCP/IP and XNS.Fast Ethernet - A 100 Mbps technology based on the 10Base-T EthernetCSMA/CD network access method.FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) - FHSS continuously changes(hops) the carrier frequency of a conventional carrier several times per secondaccording to a pseudo-random set of channels. Because a fixed frequency is notused, and only the transmitter and receiver know the hop patterns, interceptionof FHSS is extremely difficult.Finger - A UNIX command widely used on the Internet to find out informa-tion about a particular user, such as telephone number, whether currentlylogged on or the last time logged on. The person being "fingered" must haveplaced his or her profile on the system. Fingering requires entering the fulluser@domain address.Instant Wireless®Series
IP Address - In the most widely installed level of the Internet Protocol(Internet Protocol) today, an IP address is a 32-binary digit number that identi-fies each sender or receiver of information that is sent in packet across theInternet. When you request an HTML page or send e-mail, the InternetProtocol part of TCP/IP includes your IP address in the message (actually, ineach of the packets if more than one is required) and sends it to the IP addressthat is obtained by looking up the domain name in the Uniform ResourceLocator you requested or in the e-mail address you're sending a note to. At theother end, the recipient can see the IP address of the Web page requestor or thee-mail sender and can respond by sending another message using the IP addressit received. IPCONFIG - A Windows NT or 2000 utility that provides for querying, defin-ing and managing IP addresses within a network. A commonly used utility forconfiguring networks with static IP addresses.IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) - A suite of protocols used to implementsecure exchange of packets at the IP layer. IPSec supports two basic modes:Transport and Tunnel. Transport encrypts the payload of each packet, leavingthe header untouched, while Tunnel mode encrypts both the header and the pay-load and is therefore more secure. IPSec must be supported on both transmit-ter and receiver and must share a public key. Tunnel mode is widely deployedin VPNs (Virtual Private Networks).IPX (Internetwork Packet EXchange) - A NetWare communications protocolused to route messages from one node to another. IPX packets include networkaddresses and can be routed from one network to another.ISM band - The FCC and their counterparts outside of the U.S. have set asidebandwidth for unlicensed use in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical)band. Spectrum in the vicinity of 2.4 GHz, in particular, is being made avail-able worldwide. This presents a truly revolutionary opportunity to place con-venient high-speed wireless capabilities in the hands of users around the globe.ISP - An ISP (Internet service provider) is a company that provides individualsand companies access to the Internet and other related services such as Web sitebuilding and virtual hosting. LAN - A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associateddevices that share a common communications line and typically share theresources of a single processor or server within a small geographic area (forexample, within an office building). Wireless-B Broadband Router9291Hardware - Hardware is the physical aspect of computers, telecommunica-tions, and other information technology devices. The term arose as a way to dis-tinguish the "box" and the electronic circuitry and components of a computerfrom the program you put in it to make it do things. The program came to beknown as the software.Hop - The link between two network nodes.HTTP (HyperText Transport Protocol) - The communications protocol usedto connect to servers on the World Wide Web. Its primary function is to estab-lish a connection with a Web server and transmit HTML pages to the clientbrowser.Hub - The device that serves as the central location for attaching wires fromworkstations. Can be passive, where there is no amplification of the signals; oractive, where the hubs are used like repeaters to provide an extension of thecable that connects to a workstation.ICQ - A conferencing program for the Internet that provides interactive chat,e-mail and file transfer and can alert you when someone on your predefined listhas also come online. IEEE (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) - The IEEEdescribes itself as "the world's largest technical professional society, promotingthe development and application of electrotechnology and allied sciences forthe benefit of humanity, the advancement of the profession, and the well-beingof our members." The IEEE fosters the development of standards that often become national andinternational standards. The organization publishes a number of journals, hasmany local chapters, and several large societies in special areas, such as theIEEE Computer Society.Infrastructure Network - An infrastructure network is a group of computersor other devices, each with a wireless adapter, connected as an 802.11 wirelessLAN. In infrastructure mode, the wireless devices communicate with eachother and to a wired network by first going through an access point. An infra-structure wireless network connected to a wired network is referred to as aBasic Service Set (BSS). A set of two or more BSS in a single network isreferred to as an Extended Service Set (ESS). Infrastructure mode is useful ata corporation scale, or when it is necessary to connect the wired and wirelessnetworks.Instant Wireless®Series
Plug-and-Play - The ability of a computer system to configure expansionboards and other devices automatically without requiring the user to turn offthe system during installation.Port - A pathway into and out of the computer or a network device such as aswitch or router. For example, the serial and parallel ports on a personal com-puter are external sockets for plugging in communications lines, modems andprinters. PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet) - PPPoE is a method for theencapsulation of PPP packets over Ethernet frames from the user to the ISPover the Internet. One reason PPPoE is preferred by ISPs is because it providesauthentication (username and password) in addition to data transport. A PPPoEsession can be initiated by either a client application residing on a PC, or byclient firmware residing on a modem or router.PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) - A protocol (set of communicationrules) that allows corporations to extend their own corporate network throughprivate "tunnels" over the public Internet. Effectively, a corporation uses awide-area network as a single large local area network. A company no longerneeds to lease its own lines for wide-area communication but can securely usethe public networks. This kind of interconnection is known as a virtual privatenetwork.RIP (Routing Information Protocol) - A simple routing protocol that is part ofthe TCP/IP protocol suite. It determines a route based on the smallest hop countbetween source and destination. RIP is a distance vector protocol that routine-ly broadcasts routing information to its neighboring routers.RJ-45 (Registered Jack-45) - A connector similar to a telephone connector thatholds up to eight wires, used for connecting Ethernet devices.Roaming - In an infrastructure mode wireless network, this refers to the abili-ty to move out of one access point's range and into another and transparentlyreassociate and reauthenticate to the new access point. This reassociation andreauthentication should occur without user intervention and ideally withoutinterruption to network connectivity. A typical scenario would be a locationwith multiple access points, where users can physically relocate from one areato another and easily maintain connectivity.Wireless-B Broadband Router9493MAC (Media Access Control) Address - A unique number assigned by themanufacturer to any Ethernet networking device, such as a network adapter,that allows the network to identify it at the hardware level.Mbps (MegaBits Per Second) - One million bits per second; unit of measure-ment for data transmission.MIB (Management Information Base) - A set of database objects. This set con-tains information about a specific device for utilizing SNMP.mIRC - mIRC runs under Windows and provides a graphical interface for log-ging onto IRC servers and listing, joining and leaving channels.Multicasting - Sending data to a group of nodes instead of a single destination.NAT (Network Address Translation) - The translation of an Internet Protocoladdress (IP address) used within one network to a different IP address knownwithin another network. One network is designated the inside network and theother is the outside. Network - A system that transmits any combination of voice, video and/or databetween users. NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) - The protocol used to connect toUsenet groups on the Internet. Usenet newsreaders support the NNTP protocol.Node - A network junction or connection point, typically a computer or workstation.Packet - A unit of data routed between an origin and a destination in a network.Passphrase - Used much like a password, a passphrase simplifies the WEPencryption process by automatically generating the WEP encryption keys forLinksys products.PC Card - A credit-card sized removable module that contains memory, I/O,or a hard disk. Ping (Packet INternet Groper) - An Internet utility used to determine whethera particular IP address is online. It is used to test and debug a network by send-ing out a packet and waiting for a response.Instant Wireless®Series
If a receiver is not tuned to the right frequency, a spread-spectrum signal lookslike background noise. There are two main alternatives, Direct SequenceSpread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS).SPI (Stateful Packet Inspection) - A firewall technology that monitors the stateof the transaction so that it can verify that the destination of an inbound pack-et matches the source of a previous outbound request. It examines not just theheaders of the packet, but also the contents, to determine more about the pack-et than just its source and destination information. It is called "stateful" becauseverifies that the stated destination computer has previously requested the cur-rent communication. In this way, it verifies that all communications are initiat-ed by the recipient computer and are taking place only with sources that areknown and trusted from previous interactions. In addition to being a more rig-orous inspection, stateful packet inspection closes off ports until connection tothe specific port is requested. This allows an added layer of protection from thethreat of port scanning.SSID (Service Set IDentifier) - A unique name shared among all points in awireless network. The SSID must be identical for each point in the wireless net-work and is case-sensitive.Static IP Address - A permanent IP address that is assigned to a node in an IPor a TCP/IP network. Static Routing - Forwarding data in a network via a fixed path. Static routingcannot adjust to changing line conditions as can dynamic routing. Subnet Mask - The method used for splitting IP networks into a series of sub-groups, or subnets. The mask is a binary pattern that is matched up with the IPaddress to turn part of the host ID address field into a field for subnets. Switch - 1. A data switch connects computing devices to host computers,allowing a large number of devices to share a limited number of ports. 2. Adevice for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electrical cir-cuit.TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - A method (protocol) used along withthe IP (Internet Protocol) to send data in the form of message units (datagram)between network devices over a network. While IP takes care of handling theactual delivery of the data (routing), TCP takes care of keeping track of theindividual units of data (called packets) that a message is divided into for effi-Wireless-B Broadband Router9695Router - Protocol-dependent device that connects subnetworks together.Routers are useful in breaking down a very large network into smaller subnet-works; they introduce longer delays and typically have much lower throughputrates than bridges. RTS (Request To Send) - An RS-232 signal sent from the transmitting stationto the receiving station requesting permission to transmit. Server - Any computer whose function in a network is to provide user accessto files, printing, communications, and other services. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - The standard e-mail protocol on theInternet. It is a TCP/IP protocol that defines the message format and the mes-sage transfer agent (MTA), which stores and forwards the mail.SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) - A widely used networkmonitoring and control protocol. Data is passed from SNMP agents, which arehardware and/or software processes reporting activity in each network device(hub, router, bridge, etc.) to the workstation console used to oversee the net-work. The agents return information contained in a MIB (ManagementInformation Base), which is a data structure that defines what is obtainablefrom the device and what can be controlled (turned off, on, etc.).Software - Instructions for the computer. A series of instructions that performsa particular task is called a "program." The two major categories of software are"system software" and "application software." System software is made up ofcontrol programs such as the operating system and database management sys-tem (DBMS). Application software is any program that processes data for theuser.A common misconception is that software is data. It is not. Software tells thehardware how to process the data.Spread Spectrum - Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radio frequen-cy technique developed by the military for use in reliable, secure, mission-crit-ical communications systems. It is designed to trade off bandwidth efficiencyfor reliability, integrity, and security. In other words, more bandwidth is con-sumed than in the case of narrowband transmission, but the trade off producesa signal that is, in effect, louder and thus easier to detect, provided that thereceiver knows the parameters of the spread-spectrum signal being broadcast.Instant Wireless®Series
UTP - Unshielded twisted pair is the most common kind of copper telephonewiring. Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home and manybusiness computers to the telephone company. To reduce crosstalk or electro-magnetic induction between pairs of wires, two insulated copper wires aretwisted around each other. Each signal on twisted pair requires both wires.Since some telephone sets or desktop locations require multiple connections,twisted pair is sometimes installed in two or more pairs, all within a singlecable. VPN (Virtual Private Network) - A technique that allows two or more LANs tobe extended over public communication channels by creating private commu-nication subchannels (tunnels). Effectively, these LANs can use the Internet asa single large "virtually private" LAN. This removes the need to use leasedlines for Internet communications. Examples of VPN technology are: PPTP(Point to Point Tunneling Protocol), L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol), andIPSec (Internet Protocol Security).WA N (Wide Area Network)- A communications network that covers a rela-tively large geographic area, consisting of two or more LANs. Broadbandcommunication over the WAN is often through public networks such as thetelephone (DSL) or cable systems, or through leased lines or satellites. In itsmost basic definition, the Internet could be considered a WAN.WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) - A data privacy mechanism based on a 64-bit or 128-bit shared key algorithm, as described in the IEEE 802.11 standard. WINIPCFG - Configuration utility based on the Win32 API for querying,defining and managing IP addresses within a network. A commonly used util-ity for configuring networks with static IP addresses.Wireless-B Broadband Router9897cient delivery over the network. TCP is known as a "connection oriented" pro-tocol due to requiring the receiver of a packet to return an acknowledgment ofreceipt to the sender of the packet resulting in transmission control.TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) - The basic com-munication language or set of protocols for communications over a network(developed specifically for the Internet). TCP/IP defines a suite or group ofprotocols and not only TCP and IP.Telnet - A terminal emulation protocol commonly used on the Internet andTCP/IP-based networks. It allows a user at a terminal or computer to log ontoa remote device and run a program.TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) - A version of the TCP/IP FTP protocolthat has no directory or password capability.Throughput - The amount of data moved successfully from one place toanother in a given time period.TX Rate - Transmission Rate.UDP (User Datagram Protocol) - A method (protocol) used along with the IP(Internet Protocol) to send data in the form of message units (datagram)between network devices over a network. While IP takes care of handling theactual delivery of the data (routing), UDP takes care of keeping track of theindividual units of data (called packets) that a message is divided into for effi-cient delivery over the network. UDP is known as a "connection-less" protocoldue to NOT requiring the receiver of a packet to return an acknowledgment ofreceipt to the sender of the packet (as opposed to TCP).Upgrade - To replace existing software or firmware with a newer version. Upload - To transmit a file over a network. In a communications session,upload means transmit, download means receive. URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - The address that defines the route to a fileon the Web or any other Internet facility. URLs are typed into the browser toaccess Web pages, and URLs are embedded within the pages themselves to pro-vide the hypertext links to other pages.Instant Wireless®Series
Appendix H: Warranty InformationBE SURE TO HAVE YOUR PROOF OF PURCHASE AND A BARCODEFROM THE PRODUCT’S PACKAGING ON HAND WHEN CALLING.RETURN REQUESTS CANNOT BE PROCESSED WITHOUT PROOF OFPURCHASE. IN NO EVENT SHALL LINKSYS’S LIABILITY EXCEED THE PRICEPAID FOR THE PRODUCT FROM DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCI-DENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THEUSE OF THE PRODUCT, ITS ACCOMPANYING SOFTWARE, OR ITSDOCUMENTATION. LINKSYS DOES NOT OFFER REFUNDS FOR ANYPRODUCT. LINKSYS OFFERS CROSS SHIPMENTS, A FASTER PROCESS FOR PRO-CESSING AND RECEIVING YOUR REPLACEMENT. LINKSYS PAYSFOR UPS GROUND ONLY. ALL CUSTOMERS LOCATED OUTSIDE OFTHE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND CANADA SHALL BE HELDRESPONSIBLE FOR SHIPPING AND HANDLING CHARGES. PLEASECALL LINKSYS FOR MORE DETAILS.Wireless-B Broadband Router10099Appendix G: SpecificationsStandards: IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.3u, IEEE 802.11bProtocol: CSMA/CDChannels: 11 Channels (US, Canada), 13 Channels (Europe)14 Channels (Japan)Ports:Internet One 10/1000 RJ-45 port for Cable/DSL ModemConnectionLAN Four 10/100 RJ-45 Switched portsSpeed: 10/100Mbps (Half Duplex) 20/200 (Full Duplex)Cabling Type: UTP Category 5 or better LEDs: PowerInternet InternetLAN Ethernet, Wireless-BWarranty: 1-Year LimitedDimensions: 7.31" x 6.16" x 1.88" (186 mm x 154 mm x 48 mm)Unit Weight: 16 oz. (0.45 kg)Power: External, 5V DC, 2ACertifications: FCC, CE, WiFi, UPnPOperating Temp: 0ºC to 40ºC (32ºF to 104ºF) Storage Temp: -20ºC to 70ºC (-4ºF to 158ºF)Operating Humidity: 10% to 85%, Non-CondensingStorage Humidity: 5% to 90%, Non-CondensingInstant Wireless®SeriesEnvironmental
Appendix I: Contact InformationFor help with the installation or operation of the Wireless-B Broadband Router,contact Linksys Technical Support at one of the phone numbers or Internetaddresses below.Sales Information 800-546-5797 (1-800-LINKSYS)Technical Support 800-326-7114RMA (Return MerchandiseAuthorization) Issues www.linksys.com (or call 949-271-5461)Fax 949-265-6655E-mail support@linksys.comWeb site http://www.linksys.comFTP site ftp://ftp.linksys.comInstant Wireless®Series101
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