Carlson Wireless Technologies TB49 Trailblazer TB 4.9 User Manual TB UserManual 1 02

Carlson Wireless Technologies Inc Trailblazer TB 4.9 TB UserManual 1 02

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Installation & User’s Manual Trailblazer Digital Radio 2005 TB 2.4-5.8 and TB 4.9 series Part Number 490-2000 Rev 1.02 Copyright 2006

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 iiiSAFETY WARNING Potentially hazardous voltages exist on TELCO lines and associated equipment. Always observe standard safety precautions during installation, operation, and maintenance of these products. To avoid the possibility of electric shock, be sure to disconnect the power from the remote power source before you perform any line connections or repairs. Always disconnect all the cables connected to the system before disconnecting the grounding connection. After disconnecting the power allow a few seconds for the internal capacitances to discharge before accessing the boards. QUALIFIED PERSONNEL WARNING The installation procedures described in this manual must be performed by qualified personnel aware of the hazards involved. The personnel involved in equipment installation must be trained in the installation of telephone equipment and associated power systems; these personnel must strictly observe all the safety precautions related to the installation of communication equipment. Never install, remove, or adjust equipment and associated cables. Do not work on roofs, masts, or towers during a lightning storm. ATTENTION! STATIC SENSITIVE DEVICES PROPER HANDLING AND GROUNDING WARNING Components within the Trailblazer system are sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). To avoid and prevent ESD damage and device failure maintain proper grounding during configuration, repair or maintenance. This is achieved through the use of an antistatic wrist strap securely connected to chassis ground. Do not use conductive tools for adjusting channel select switch. FCC, RF SAFETY HAZARD WARNING Due to the energy radiated from the antenna, this product must never be mounted such that the cabinet containing the antenna can be closer than 2 meters (6.7 feet) to any person. Refer to Section 4.2 for further restrictions. UL INSTALLATION SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS • Never install telephone wiring during a lightning storm. • Never install telephone jacks in a wet location unless the jack is specifically designed for wet locations. • Never touch telephone wires or terminals unless the telephone line has been disconnected at the network interface. • Use caution when installing or modifying telephone lines. Connection to the Telephone Network The equipment complies with Part 68 of the FCC rules. You will find the label located on the device. This label contains the FCC Registration Number and the Ringer Equivalence Number (REN) for this equipment. You must, upon request, provide this information to your telephone company. The REN is used to determine the quantity of devices that may be connected to the telephone line and still have all of those devices ring with an incoming call signal. In most areas the sum of the RENs of all devices connected to one line should not exceed five (5.0). Confirm the number of devices possible on the telephone line (in REN) by contacting the local telephone company who provides the service.

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 iv Incidence of Harm If your telephone equipment causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company may disconnect your service temporarily. When possible, the telephone company will notify you in advance. If advanced notice is not practical, you will be notified as soon as possible. You will also be informed of your right to file a compliant with the FCC. Rights of the Telephone Company Your telephone company may make changes in its facilities, equipment, operations or procedures that could affect the proper functioning of your equipment. In this case, you will be notified in advance to give you an opportunity to maintain uninterrupted telephone service. Coin Service or Party Use Line This equipment may not be used on the coin service provided by the telephone company. Connection to party lines is subject to state tariffs. Compliance and US Regulatory Information Model TB 4.9 FCC Reg No., Part 68 BMD8 USA – 27773-PT-E FCC Reg No., Part 90 subpart Y FCCID: OPA-TB49 Industry Canada CS-03 3448A-10241A Model TB 2.4-5.8 FCC Reg No., Part 68 BMD8 USA – 27773-PT-E FCC Reg No., Part 15 FCCID: OPA-TB24-58 Industry Canada CS-03 3448A-10241A Industry Canada RSS-210 3448A-TB24-58 Compliance Classification This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense. Radio Interference: Carlson Wireless USA Model TB 2.4-5.8 This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Changes of modification not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 vDeclaration of Conformity Manufacturer’s Name: Carlson Wireless Technologies Inc. Manufacturer’s Address: 1180–B Evergreen Rd. Redway, CA 95560 USA Declares that the product: Product Name: Trailblazer TB 2.4-5.8 Conforms to the following standard(s) or other normative document(s): EMC: FCC Part 15.247 And also declares that the product: Product Name: Trailblazer TB 4.9 Conforms to the following standard(s) or other normative document(s): EMC: FCC Part 90 subpart Y Supplementary Information: Published Specifications William Mc Bride Director of Quality Management Redway, CA Jan 2006

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 vi Table of Contents _____________________________________________________________________________ 1 Introduction..................................................................................................1 1.1 Scope of Manual.....................................................................................1 1.2 Functional Overview and Applications....................................................1 1.2.1 Main Features and Advantages.......................................................1 1.2.2 General Specifications.....................................................................3 2 Pretest and System Planning .....................................................................4 2.1 Site Requirements and System Planning ...............................................4 2.1.1 Grounding........................................................................................4 2.1.2 Lightning Protection.........................................................................4 2.1.3 Line of Sight: Is it enough? ..............................................................5 2.1.4 Fresnel Zone: What it is in plain English!.........................................5 2.1.5 Path Loss ........................................................................................6 2.1.6 Interference .....................................................................................7 2.1.7 RF Cable Sizing and Recommendations.........................................7 2.1.8 Data Cable Recommendations........................................................8 2.1.9 General Tools..................................................................................8 2.2 Unpacking...............................................................................................9 2.3 Bench Testing Instructions ...................................................................10 2.3.1 Setting up Your Trailblazer on the Bench ......................................10 2.3.2 Powering the Trailblazer................................................................10 2.3.3 Connecting the POTS Lines ..........................................................12 2.3.4 Connecting the Leased Lines ........................................................13 3 Operation....................................................................................................16 3.1 Configuring and Accessing the Trailblazer Unit ....................................16 3.1.1 Connecting the Serial Cable..........................................................16 3.1.2 Installing the CWT GUI on Your PC ..............................................16 3.1.3 Using the GUI................................................................................16 3.1.4 Software Downloads Using the GUI ..............................................17 3.2 Accessing the Trailblazer using HyperTerminal™ ................................19 3.2.1 Windows™ HyperTerminal™ Software .........................................19 3.3 Setting the Radio Frequency and Scrambling Code.............................19 3.3.1 Selecting the CPE Time Slot .........................................................21 3.4 Allocating Bandwidth to Voice and/or Data...........................................21 4 Field Installation Options..........................................................................24 4.1 Mounting the Enclosure........................................................................24 4.2 External Antennas ................................................................................25 4.2.1 Marketing and Sales Channels......................................................26 4.2.2 Calculating the EIRP of an External Antenna ................................27 4.2.3 RF Safety Hazard Warning............................................................27 4.3 18dBi 2.4 GHz Directional Flat Panel Antenna .....................................28 4.3.1 Product Overview ..........................................................................28

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 vii4.3.2 Unpacking .....................................................................................28 4.3.3 Mounting........................................................................................28 4.4 23dBi 5.8 GHz Directional Flat Panel Antenna .....................................31 4.5 22dBi 4.9 GHz Directional Flat Panel Antenna .....................................31 4.6 Weatherproofing RF Connections ........................................................31 4.7 Antenna Alignment ...............................................................................31 4.8 Interference Solutions...........................................................................32 4.9 Lightning Protection..............................................................................33 4.9.1 Antenna Port Protection ................................................................33 4.9.2 Telephone Line Port/ Subscriber Premises Protection ..................35 5 Test & Maintenance...................................................................................37 5.1 Diagnostics ...........................................................................................37 5.1.1 LED Function.................................................................................37 5.2 Maintenance .........................................................................................38 5.2.1 Installation of Software/Firmware Upgrades..................................38 6 Appendix ....................................................................................................39 6.1 About Carlson Wireless ........................................................................39 6.1.1 Mission ..........................................................................................39 6.1.2 History ...........................................................................................39 6.1.3 Summary .......................................................................................39 6.2 System Specifications...........................................................................40 6.2.1 Block Diagram ...............................................................................41 6.3 Cable Pin outs ......................................................................................42 6.3.1 Configuration Port Pinout ..............................................................42 6.4 Advanced Programming and Diagnostics.............................................44 6.4.1 Configuring the Serial Port Parameters.........................................44 6.4.2 Setting the V35 enable and port location.......................................45 6.4.3 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)....................................45 6.4.4 Air Link Quality ..............................................................................46 6.4.5 Installation of Software/Firmware Upgrades..................................46 6.5 Antenna Patterns and Specifications....................................................48 6.5.1 18dBi Directional Panel Plots and Specs ......................................48 6.6 Warranty...............................................................................................49 6.7 Acronyms/Abbreviations.......................................................................50 6.8 Glossary ...............................................................................................51

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 viii List of Figures _____________________________________________________________________________ Figure 1: Line of Sight is clear, the first Fresnel Zone is NOT clear......................5 Figure 2: Base Unit Power Connections .............................................................11 Figure 3: Connecting the Serial Cable ................................................................16 Figure 4: Rotary Switch and Reset Button ..........................................................19 Figure 5: CPE Time Slot Selection Switch ..........................................................21 Figure 6: Wall mounting the Trailblazer enclosure..............................................24 Figure 7: Pole mounting the Trailblazer enclosure..............................................25 Figure 8: Surge Protection, RF ...........................................................................34 Figure 9: Antenna Port Lightning Protector, VSWR and Insertion Loss..............34 Figure 10: Primary Telephone Line Transient Protection....................................35 Figure 11: Trailblazer Radio Card LEDs .............................................................37 Figure 12: Block Diagram of Radio Card ............................................................41 Figure 13: Serial Data Cable Pinout (PCB View) ................................................42 Figure 14: Serial Data Cable Schematic .............................................................43 List of Tables _____________________________________________________________________________ Table 1: Fresnel Zone Chart .................................................................................6 Table 2: Fade Margin Chart ..................................................................................6 Table 3: Coax Cable Loss Table...........................................................................8 Table 4: Feed Cable Sizing and Distance for the Traiblazer...............................12 Table 5: 2.4G International Band – Frequency/Code Switch Matrix ..................20 Table 6: 2.4G Domestic Band – Frequency/Code Switch Matrix .......................20 Table 7: 4.9G Public Safety Lic. Band – Frequency/Code Switch Matrix...........20 Table 8: 5.8G Low Band – Frequency/Code Switch Matrix................................20 Table 9: 5.8G High Band – Frequency/Code Switch Matrix...............................20 Table 10: Commands and switches for bandwidth..............................................22 Table 11: Example configuration scripts .............................................................23 Table 12: RF Lightning Protection.......................................................................33 Table 13: Subscriber side protection...................................................................36 Table 14: System Status LED Information Table ................................................37 Table 15: Configuration Port Cable Construction Table......................................42 Table 16: Serial Data Cable Pinout.....................................................................43 Table 17: 18dBi Directional Panel Specifications................................................48

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 11 Introduction 1.1 Scope of Manual The purpose of this manual is to provide planning and installation personnel with the appropriate procedures to plan and install the 2005 Trailblazer Digital Microwave Radio and accessory equipments. In order to avoid harm to persons or damage to the product, please ensure that you have read and understand the safety, unpacking, and installation sections before proceeding. 1.2 Functional Overview and Applications Using state-of-the-art digital electronics, the Trailblazer provides 512kbps of high-quality, reliable, wireless voice and/or high-speed data connection over distances of up to 32mi/ 50 km or more in repeated applications. This radio integrates seamlessly with POTS voice cards and Leased Line cards, V.35 protocol or standard 10baseT Ethernet devices. CWT provides competitive price and performance solutions for many of the world’s telecommunication needs in both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint applications. Applications include: • Security Monitoring Cameras • Public Safety Data Links • Internet Cafés and Telephone Calling Centers • Point-to-Point Commercial Data Links • Cellular Backhaul Data Needs • Permanent or Temporary Telephone Service • Temporary or Emergency Restoration of Service • Public Calling Phones • Retrofit for Exhausted Wire line Systems • Islands and other Isolated Areas • Inaccessible, Environmentally Sensitive and Historic Areas • Harsh Climates and Geologically Adverse Environments 1.2.1 Main Features and Advantages Advantages Over Wire Line The Trailblazer’s wireless link eliminates the expense of right-of-way and wire line costs, provides solutions for areas where adverse geology, climate or inaccessibility exclude the installation of wire lines, and preserves the beauty and integrity of sensitive environments and historic structures. Wire Line Quality Voice and Data You can configure your Trailblazer for data speeds up to 512 kbps or designate part of your bandwidth to POTS lines, as the Trailblazer seamlessly integrates

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 2 our 64kbps full bandwidth PCM POTS or Leased Line cards for high quality, uncompressed audio with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio. Easy Installation The units mount on a 1"- 2.25" pipe or pole or to any vertical surface, use an external antenna, and have their own power supply (optional) or operate on 12-24 VDC, easily powered by solar. Low Power Draw: Ideal for Solar Applications The low power consumption of 2 Watts makes the units very energy efficient. They accept any DC voltage from 12V to 24V and are thus easily powered by solar. CWT solar powering kits are available with up to 7 days of back-up power. Flexible & Programmable All Trailblazer models are bench or field programmable. Using the GUI (Graphical User Interface) application with a Windows PC and serial COM port, you can configure the amount of bandwidth, allocate voice and data channels, select different frequencies and CDMA codes, use antenna alignment aids and other diagnostic tools, as well as upgrade software and firmware. The Trailblazer models support all CLASS features, fax, and V.90 dial-up modems. Rugged & Weatherproof All components, including the digital radio cards, multiplexer, power supplies & CPU, are fully integrated into the 8lb/ 3kg waterproof enclosure. The units are housed in a NEMA 4X waterproof enclosure, built to last in tough climates. The lockable polycarbonate enclosure with a neoprene gasket will protect against wind, rain, and ice ensuring years of service. No License Required for the 2.4 and 5.8 GHz, Simple license for 4.9 MHz Private and Secure The Trailblazer TB 2.4-5.8 uses the, in most countries, the license-exempt 2.4 GHz or 5.8 GHz frequency bands, while fully encrypted spread-spectrum CDMA modulations, proprietary framing structure and packet size assure complete privacy and security. Standard ISO 2593 V.35 DTE port Because the Trailblazer models feature a standard ISO 2593 V.35 DTE port, most other V.35 devices plug right into the Trailblazer Phone Extender. Repeater Mode This product can be used as a digital repeater by simply connecting two units via the V.35 data port and optional repeater cable. Expandable Starting with only one link, you can add CPE units, gaining the features of a point-to-multipoint topology for your current and future growing needs without loosing any of your original investment.

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 3 10BaseT On-Board Ethernet Port On-board Ethernet satisfies simultaneous LAN / IP data and PCM voice needs with an Industry Standard RJ45 10BaseT connection. Some of its advanced features include 802.3 Ethernet supported by Transparent LAN bridging and Automatic LAN MAC address filtering at the MAC level, making it transparent to higher level protocols such as TCP/IP, DECnet, NETBIOS, and IPX network protocols. Broadcast, multicast, or frames set up for peered LAN are forwarded while reserving maximum RF bandwidth. 1.2.2 General Specifications Note: More technical details are found in the Appendix of this manual Product Description Digital Microwave Radio with POTS, Leased Lines and 10BaseT / V.35 port Data Interfaces Primary Serial Data Port (1) RJ45 port providing 10BaseT Data Rate and Type 256/512 kbps, synchronous Serial Command Port RS 232, 57.6 kbps, N, 8, 1, No flow, Echo on Latency < 4.4ms depending on speed selected Power Requirements Input Voltage 12 to 24 VDC or 100-260 VAC with AC power supply (optional) Power Consumption 2 Watts (not including add-on cards) Battery Backup (optional) Up to 8 hours with a 2.2mAh SLA battery. RF Specifications RF Frequency Range 2.400 to 2.4835 GHz Modulation Type BPSK (256) or QPSK (512kbs) DSSS Transmitter Output Power +20dBm max, auto set for CDMA operation Receiver Sensitivity (10-6 BER) -93dBm @ 256 kbps, -90dBm @ 512 kbps Operating Temp -30 to +60 Degrees C with solar shielding, 0-90% Non-Condensing Physical Characteristics Enclosure Dimensions 13 x 11 x 6 in / 33 x 28 x 15 cm Unit Weight 8 lbs / 3.7kg Enclosure Specifications NEMA 4X, rain, wind and ice protected GE Valox99® polycarbonate w/ neoprene gasket Mounting 1”-2.25” or 2.5cm-5.7cm pipe/pole

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 4 2 Pretest and System Planning 2.1 Site Requirements and System Planning 2.1.1 Grounding A ground is a low impedance electrical connection to earth that is used to dissipate energy. Grounding your Trailblazer is very important for safety reasons as well as to protect your system from damage due to lightning and static charge build up. Since lightning strikes and surges follow the path of least resistance, all ground wires must be as short and straight as possible and not be coiled or looped. Choose the largest diameter ground wire your ground connectors will accept for good electrical conductivity. Recommended grounds are: the utility company ground, a ground rod, well casings, and cold water pipes that are of continuous metal. A note of caution: sometimes the metal-cold water pipes are repaired and/or extended with PVC piping hidden behind drywall. The introduction of PVC material disrupts the material’s conductivity and thus renders it unacceptable as a ground. Unacceptable grounds are: sprinkler pipes, PVC pipes, conduit, buried wire, and any ground that cannot be verified. 2.1.2 Lightning Protection Lightning protection with a poor ground is the same as having no protection at all! Lightning is one of the most dangerous and unfortunately most frequently encountered natural hazards to your Trailblazer. Ensure that your system is adequately protected. A good connection to ground is indispensable for your lightning protection to work correctly and thus preventing lighting and surge damage to your Trailblazer. The Trailblazer system is equipped with on-board secondary active lightning protection only. The lightning protection is only effective when the system is powered up. If you power down your Trailblazer, disconnect the antennas and phone lines to prevent damage from lightning strikes. Install primary lightning protection with a good ground on all RF, data/voice line connections that have even a moderate outdoor line build out. A good rule of thumb is that all lines entering or exiting a building need protection. Both ends of the cables between buildings must be protected! See section 5.2 for detailed specifications and usage information on primary lightning protection available from Carlson Wireless.

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 52.1.3 Line of Sight: Is it enough? Visual line of sight (LOS) is the straight, unobstructed line between the Base unit’s antenna and the CPE’s antenna. In other words, when you stand next to one antenna, you can see the other one. Because RF waves spread out three dimensionally rather than in a straight line, LOS is important in microwave transmission but not adequate. As the waves travel out from the transmitting antenna, the signal density decreases and more three dimensional space around the visual LOS is necessary to be able to receive a reasonable signal at the receiving antenna. This three dimensional space is called the RF LOS or Fresnel zone for the French physicist who first discovered its importance. 2.1.4 Fresnel Zone: What it is in plain English! The Fresnel zone is the tree dimensional cone around the line-of-sight that radio waves spread out into after they leave the antenna. The cross section of the first Fresnel zone is circular; subsequent zones’ cross sections are annular. The signal strength is strongest in zone 1 and decreases in each successive zone. Not only trees, buildings and mountains can occupy a Fresnel Zone, the curvature of the earth, even for some short paths, also has to be taken into consideration. Because 2.4 GHz is one of the resonant frequencies at which water absorbs energy, path obstructions such as trees, rivers, lakes or any other water containing objects are especially detrimental to the microwave signal. A rule of thumb is that 60% of the first Fresnel zone must be free of any obstructions for tolerable attenuation of the signal. In addition to absorbing the RF signal, objects in the RF path can also reflect it, making the signal out of phase with the original signal, and effectively causing signal cancellation. In zone 1 the signal will be 0 to 90o out of phase in zone 2, 90 to 270o in zone 3, 270 to 450o and so on. Even numbered zones have the maximum phase canceling effect and in odd numbered zones the reflected waves will add to the signal. Figure 1: Line of Sight is clear, the first Fresnel Zone is NOT clear.

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 7What’s an acceptable fade margin? A rule of thumb theory is that 10 dB of fade margin will deliver about 90% reliability, and 20 dB will deliver about 99% reliability. Because there is only a small ground wave component involved in the radio propagation at 2.4 GHz, the above numbers presume both clear LOS (line of sight) and clearing at least 60% of the first Fresnel zone. A fade margin of 16 to 20dB is suggested to overcome multi-path degradation and polarization. 2.1.6 Interference The ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band at 2.400-2.483 GHz is an unlicensed, shared band. All users in the band must accept all other signals within the band, interfering or not. There are only a few devices operating in this band, but they could become a source of interference for the Trailblazer products. If the interfering signal is stationary and has a bandwidth less than 3 MHz, it will not create any significant problem even if it is 100 times (20dB) stronger than the receive threshold. If the interfering signal has a bandwidth wider than 4 MHz and is 10 times (10dB) stronger than the receive threshold, it can render channel(s) unusable. If the interfering signal is frequency hopping throughout the band, such as the LAN bridge device, and is only 1/10 (–10dB) as strong as the receive threshold, it can cause significant dropouts. Some examples are: Video Transmitters These devices use analog radios which are usually fixed in frequency, utilize 6 to 10 MHz of bandwidth and are low power with an ERP of less then +10dBm. Cordless phones These devices are narrow band and fixed in frequency (during each use), utilize 1 to 2 MHz of bandwidth, are low power with an ERP of less then +10dBm. It is strongly recommended to avoid the use of 2.4GHz cordless phones in the vicinity of Trailblazer products. Local Area Network (LAN) Bridges These devices are true spread spectrum devices. They either frequency hop a 1 MHz bandwidth over the complete band or utilize CDMA of 16 MHz bandwidth and are stationary. ERPs can range up to +30dBm. Microwave Ovens Microwave oven outputs have been measured at levels up to +20dBm ERP. The circulators built into the ovens cause transmission of narrow pulses that sweep the 2.4GHz band. The higher power spikes are mostly concentrated in the upper half of the band between 2.450 and 2.485 GHz. 2.1.7 RF Cable Sizing and Recommendations Before making any decisions as to which cable to use, first consider several factors; the final length of the cable, the amount of power you want the cable to tolerate, the loss factor of the cable at your chosen frequency and the outdoor climate conditions the cable will be exposed to. For most general installations,

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 8 LMR400 will work fine. Heliax™ is recommended for any cable runs over 100 feet. The chart below provides the loss factor for several popular cable sizes. Coax Cable Attenuation (dB per 100 feet) Cable Type at 2.5 GHz at 5.8 GHz LMR 400 6.8 dB 10.8 dB LMR 500 5.5 dB 8.9 dB LMR 600 4.4 dB 7.3 dB 1/2 inch LDF Heliax™ 3.9 dB 7.0 dB LMR 900 3.0 dB 4.9 dB 7/8 inch LDF Heliax™ 2.3 dB 3.7 dB Table 3: Coax Cable Loss Table 2.1.8 Data Cable Recommendations The new design of the Trailblazer replaces proprietary cables with standard CAT5 Ethernet cables terminated with RJ45 connectors for the sync and repeater functions. NOTE: Feed the cable through the weatherproof cord grip before terminating it. The cord grip is too small to accept an RJ45 connector especially while occupied by other cables! 2.1.9 General Tools • ESD Gear • Desktop PC or Laptop Computer with Windows™ • Wrench Set • Socket Set • Screwdriver Set • Multi Meter • Butt-set or Test Telephone with bare wire connection • Wire Cutters • Wire Strippers • Vapor Wrap • Electrical Tape • Small Non-Conductive adjustment tool • Safety Gear

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 92.2 Unpacking NOTE: Always observe ESD precautions when handling circuit boards! Before opening inspect the shipping box(es) and report any damage to the shipping carrier. Unpack and compare the contents against the packing slip and inspect for damage. Report any damage to the units or missing components to your CWT sales representative. Included in your purchase is: • The Quick Start Guide to help you become familiar with your system • The CWT Product CD (contains the user manuals, back up configuration software, and other needed items!) • (2) Test Antennas for bench testing • One Serial Interface Cable to connect to the GUI • Mounting Hardware (optional) • Power Supplies (optional) will be pre-installed in the enclosures

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 10 2.3 Bench Testing Instructions Before going into the field set up the units on your bench to become familiar with their set up, operation, configuration, and verify their functionality. Each system is shipped with a handy, full-color “Quick Start Guide” for simplified step-by-step instructions for bench testing. The following section will provide you with the same information in greater detail. 2.3.1 Setting up Your Trailblazer on the Bench Set your units next to each other and attach the included test antennas to the N female connectors on the enclosures as shown. The units may not achieve an RF connection without these little antennas. 2.3.2 Powering the Trailblazer The Trailblazer units accept 12 -24VDC negative ground. There are special provisions for using a positive ground, please contact your CWT sales representative for more information. If your system is equipped with a battery backup, verify that the battery output is 12VDC or more. If the battery output is less than 12VDC, disconnect the power supply’s black and red power cables, connected to the terminal block, from your unit, and simply connect the power supply’s terminated red (+) and black (-) power cables to their respective terminals on the battery. Plug the AC power supply cable into an AC source to charge the battery, and verify that the battery is charging. Ensure that the battery is fully charged before proceeding into the field. When the battery is fully charged, verify that the unit powers up by noting that the LEDs are lit. Test Antennas

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 11 Figure 2: Base Unit Power Connections If you are not using the CWT power supply, size your power supply adequately using Ohm’s law. For example, if you provide 12VDC you consume 2/12 A or about 167mA. If you provide 24VDC you use about half of that or 85mA. CWT recommends providing at least 4 times the power consumption. The Trailblazer consumes 2 Watts. CWT’s power supply with battery backup supplies 13.8VDC @ 1 A or 14 Watts. You can also power your Trailblazer by using several of the unused voice/data pairs in a standard 6 pair telephone cable. Don’t forget to allow for additional current if add-on card options are selected. The standard 6 pair telephone cable is made of 22 AWG size copper. This means that both legs will have 3.2 ohms of resistance per 100 feet. The table below shows the distance at which you have a 5% maximum recommended voltage drop using 2 pairs of wires paralleled together. Positive 12 to 24 VDC Negative (Normally earth ground) Terminal Block

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 12 Cable Size (A.W.G.) (mm) Ohms/100ft (both legs ) feet per Ohm (both legs) if feeding 13.8, distance with 5% (voltage loss 2pr.) if feeding 24, distance with 5% (voltage loss 2pr.) 14 1.63 0.516 194 1783 6202 16 1.29 0.818 122 1125 3912 18 1.09 1.302 77 707 2458 19 0.91 1.642 61 560 1949 22 0.64 3.3 30 279 970 24 0.51 5.24 19 176 611 26 0.41 8.32 12 111 385 Table 4: Feed Cable Sizing and Distance for the Traiblazer 2.3.3 Connecting the POTS Lines Connect POTS lines as shown in the figure below using the black screw terminals on the units’ interface cards. Remember to connect the telephone line(s) from the phone company to the Base unit and the handset(s) to the CPE unit. The location of your active lines will depend on the time slots selection made by the CPE and the bandwidth used. Note the “Active Line” label on your Base and CPE units. CPE #0 Line 2 Line 1 CPE #1 Line 2 Line 1 CPE #2 Line 2 Line 1 CPE #3 Line 2 Line 1 Repeater Ports Repeater “A” Repeater “B” Sync Port RJ45 Screw Terminals 10BaseT Port Ethernet

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 13Connecting POTS lines, Repeater, and Sync For durability as well as ease of installation and acquisition, repeater and synchronization cables require standard RJ45 connectors and CAT5 cable using standard Ethernet cable wiring. Remember to feed the CAT5 cable through the weatherproof cord grips before terminating the ends. In addition to the RJ45 connector, there are (4) screw terminals for synchronization. Wire SYNC OUT to SYNC IN and vice versa. 2.3.4 Connecting the Leased Lines The Leased Line interface is provided on two standard 50 pin female Centronics connectors. The connector 1 contains the audio and E&M signaling for lines 1 through 4, and connector 2 contains the audio and E&M signaling for lines 5 through 8. See figure below for pin out information: Connector pin-out: Connector 1 Connector 2 Pin Signal Pin Signal 1 Transmit Audio 1+ 1 Transmit Audio 5+ 26 Transmit Audio 1- 26 Transmit Audio 5- 2 Ground 2 Ground 27 Transmit Audio 2+ 27 Transmit Audio 6+ 3 Transmit Audio 2- 3 Transmit Audio 6- 28 Ground 28 Ground 4 Transmit Audio 3+ 4 Transmit Audio 7+ 29 Transmit Audio 3- 29 Transmit Audio 7- 5 Ground 5 Ground 30 Transmit Audio 4+ 30 Transmit Audio 8+ 6 Transmit Audio 4- 6 Transmit Audio 8- 31 Ground 31 Ground 7 Receive Audio 1+ 7 Receive Audio 5+ 32 Receive Audio 1- 32 Receive Audio 5- 8 Ground 8 Ground 33 Receive Audio 2+ 33 Receive Audio 6+ 9 Receive Audio 2- 9 Receive Audio 6- 34 Ground 34 Ground 10 Receive Audio 3+ 10 Receive Audio 7+ 35 Receive Audio 3- 35 Receive Audio 7- 11 Ground 11 Ground 36 Receive Audio 4+ 36 Receive Audio 8+ 12 Receive Audio 4- 12 Receive Audio 8- 50 Pin Centronics Connector

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 14 37 Ground 37 Ground 13 E1 13 E5 38 M1 38 M5 14 E2 14 E6 39 M2 39 M6 15 E3 15 E7 40 M3 40 M7 16 E4 16 E8 41 M4 41 M8 17 Ground 17 Ground 42 Ground 42 Ground If a standard telephone cable is used, the connections may be brought to pre-wired punch blocks using two 25 pair telephone cables. The location of the signals is shown in the following table as they appear on a standard punch block. The punch block terminals are numbered from top to bottom. The 50 pin Centronics connector pins (abbreviated Ctrnx) are included for reference. 50 pin Ctrnx Punch Term Signal name 50 pinCtrnx PunchTerm Signal name 26 1 Transmit Audio 1- 26 1 Transmit Audio 5- 1 2 Transmit Audio 1+ 1 2 Transmit Audio 5+ 27 3 Transmit Audio 2+ 27 3 Transmit Audio 6+ 2 4 Ground 2 4 Ground 28 5 Ground 28 5 Ground 3 6 Transmit Audio 2- 3 6 Transmit Audio 6- 29 7 Transmit Audio 3- 29 7 Transmit Audio 7- 4 8 Transmit Audio 3+ 4 8 Transmit Audio 7+ 30 9 Transmit Audio 4+ 30 9 Transmit Audio 8+ 5 10 Ground 5 10 Ground 31 11 Ground 31 11 Ground 6 12 Transmit Audio 4- 6 12 Transmit Audio 8- 32 13 Receive Audio 1- 32 13 Receive Audio 5- 7 14 Receive Audio 1+ 7 14 Receive Audio 5+ 33 15 Receive Audio 2+ 33 15 Receive Audio 6+ 8 16 Ground 8 16 Ground 34 17 Ground 34 17 Ground 9 18 Receive Audio 2- 9 18 Receive Audio 6- 35 19 Receive Audio 3- 35 19 Receive Audio 7- 10 20 Receive Audio 3+ 10 20 Receive Audio 7+ 36 21 Receive Audio 4+ 36 21 Receive Audio 8+ 11 22 Ground 11 22 Ground 37 23 Ground 37 23 Ground 12 24 Receive Audio 4- 12 24 Receive Audio 8- 38 25 M1 38 25 M5 13 26 E1 13 26 E5 39 27 M2 39 27 M6 14 28 E2 14 28 E6 40 29 M3 40 29 M7 15 30 E3 15 30 E7

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 1541 31 M4 41 31 M8 16 32 E4 16 32 E8 42 33 Ground 42 33 Ground 17 34 Ground 17 34 Ground

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 16 3 Operation 3.1 Configuring and Accessing the Trailblazer Unit 3.1.1 Connecting the Serial Cable You can access your Trailblazer with the GUI program, included on the CWT product CD, and the included serial cable. Simply plug the DB 9 connector of the serial cable into the serial port on your computer and the three pin connector to the three pin connector (COM1) on the radio board (bottom board) as shown. DO NOT USE COM2! It is currently reserved for future applications. NOTE: Unpredictable results may occur if you are using a USB to serial COM Port adapter! Should you need to replace the serial cable, contact CWT or see Section 6.3.1 in the appendix for a pin-out and a description on how to make one. Figure 3: Connecting the Serial Cable 3.1.2 Installing the CWT GUI on Your PC The CD included with your system contains a folder called “GUI” with the self executing file CWT Trailblazer GUI 1.0x.xxxx [ALL-OS].exe. Browse to the CD and open the file to install the GUI program on your PC. After you have successfully installed the GUI, start the program by either double clicking the CWT Trailblazer GUI ver. x.xx file on your desktop or browse start-> programs-> Carlson Wireless Technologies Inc-> CWT Trailblazer GUI ver. x.xx 3.1.3 Using the GUI Double click the CWT icon and choose the appropriate COM port connected to your serial cable. RESET CONNECT SERIAL CABLE TO COM1 HERE (Don’t use COM2!)

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 17 After you have selected the correct COM port, the software will display the connected unit’s current configuration data. The screen will look slightly different depending on whether you are connected to the CPE or Base unit. The box highlighted in green will display the type of unit that is currently communicating with the software. All systems are shipped pre-configured. Do not change any parameters unless advised to do so by a CWT technician. The integrated V.35 data port can be enabled and disabled here as well. 3.1.4 Software Downloads Using the GUI To download new software, click on the “Program Download” button on the Configuration tab and browse to the location of the file as shown to the right. For the CPE units, use the firmware “station_xxx” file and the software CPE APPxxx.hex file. For the Base unit, use the firmware “station_xxx” file and the software LINE CARD APPxxx.hex file. Select the file, and click “Open” to start downloading. GUI Showing File BrowserGUI showing starting screen

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 18 The new CPE and Base unit software will take about a minute to download. The firmware takes about 3 or 4 minutes to download. To the right you will see a sample view of what you should see during the download. Do not interrupt the download! When the download is complete, the unit will automatically reboot and update the version numbers. Once the “Program Download” button reappears, you can select another file to download. Select the Status tab to view the current status of RF link, signal strength, line “hook” state, SFD loss count and an on-board temperature reading. Select DISCONNECT in the COM Port selection box before moving the serial cable to another radio card. Resume connection and status readings by selecting the active COM port. The battery voltage status only applies to CPEs equipped with solar power. Loading Software with the GUI GUI Showing Status of a CPE

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 19Click on the Terminal tab to monitor status, view and log real-time link quality reports and manually interface with the Trailblazer radio cards via the Terminal screen. In the middle of the terminal screen you will notice a command line box. One command at a time may be entered and sent to the radio card via this terminal interface or by using terminal software. 3.2 Accessing the Trailblazer using HyperTerminal™ 3.2.1 Windows™ HyperTerminal™ Software As a secondary precaution, as well as to allow user access to advanced configurations, such as allocation of bandwidth to data and voice lines not supported by the GUI software, the Trailblazer system is alternately equipped with a terminal interface. If you do not have access to a PC with the Windows™ operating system or have trouble with the GUI software, many diagnostic and setup tasks can be performed with a basic terminal program such as Windows HyperTerminal™. See Section 6.4 in the Appendix for connection instructions, settings and usage. 3.3 Setting the Radio Frequency and Scrambling Code Figure 4: Rotary Switch and Reset Button Radio Frequency Selector Reset SwitchGUI showing status of a CPE terminal

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 20 The radio frequency and scrambling code of the Carlson Wireless radios operate on numerous band selections based on purchased configuration. Within the selected operational band, multiple frequencies are provided in combination with code variations. Selections within the offered band are provided using the 16 position rotary switch located between the 10BaseT port and the white three pin connectors. The tables below show the switch settings for the 16 frequency/code combinations for each band currently offered. Channel Ê 2.412 GHz 2.432 GHz 2.452 GHz 2.472 GHz code 0 0 1 2 3 code 1 4 5 6 7 code 2 8 9 A B code 3 C D E F Table 5: 2.4G International Band – Frequency/Code Switch Matrix Channel Ê 2.414 GHz 2.430 GHz 2.446 GHz 2.462 GHz code 0 0 1 2 3 code 1 4 5 6 7 code 2 8 9 A B code 3 C D E F Table 6: 2.4G Domestic Band – Frequency/Code Switch Matrix Channel Ê 4.950 GHz 4.960 GHz 4.970 GHz 4.980 GHz code 0 0 1 2 3 code 1 4 5 6 7 code 2 8 9 A B code 3 C D E F Table 7: 4.9G Public Safety Lic. Band – Frequency/Code Switch Matrix Channel Ê 5.735 GHz 5.750 GHz 5.765 GHz 5.780 GHz code 0 0 1 2 3 code 1 4 5 6 7 code 2 8 9 A B code 3 C D E F Table 8: 5.8G Low Band – Frequency/Code Switch Matrix Channel Ê 5.795 GHz 5.810 GHz 5.825 GHz 5.840 GHz code 0 0 1 2 3 code 1 4 5 6 7 code 2 8 9 A B code 3 C D E F Table 9: 5.8G High Band – Frequency/Code Switch Matrix

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 213.3.1 Selecting the CPE Time Slot Up to (4) CPE units can communicate with each Base unit when used in a STAR topology. To distinguish between the four CPEs, a different time slot is allocated to each CPE using the rotary DIP switch located immediately behind the LEDs as shown in the figure below. Use a non-conductive trim tool to select time slots 0, 1, 2, and 3 to avoid shorting any components. Reset the unit to put your selection in effect by pressing the reset button located behind the second white three pin connector as shown. Figure 5: CPE Time Slot Selection Switch 3.4 Allocating Bandwidth to Voice and/or Data Preceding future integration of these functions into the GUI software, some system configurations must be performed on a manual text entry level. To do this, you can interface with the Trailblazer radio card using either the GUI software on the Terminal screen (See Section 3.1.3) or by using the HyperTerminal™ software. You will also need to add a 50ms delay to the linefeed in your terminal ASCII settings in order to send text commands to the Trailblazer radio through terminal software. See the screenshot (right) for an example. Begin by starting the GUI or making sure your terminal software is loaded and properly configured to communicate with the Trailblazer radios. See Section 6.4 for configuration instructions. CPE Time Slot SelectorReset Button

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 22 Each setting is controlled by a short “command name” followed by an EEprom register or “switch” designated by a letter or letters on your screen. Type the command name for the function you wish to implement followed by the appropriate “switch” and press enter. The Trailblazer radio card should respond by echoing the new setting back to you. It usually takes (7) sets of these commands to configure a radio card for any of its many functional states. The settings may be changed one at a time or combined in a text file, known as a “script”, and loaded into the Trailblazer radio card. See the following table for details and examples. Write to EEprom register EEprom register 0=Star 8=P2P# of Total Ch. wee e Write to EEprom register EEprom register # of Data Channels wee f 0 Write to EEprom register EEprom register # of Data Ch. # of Voice Ch. CPE 0 wee 10 CPE 1 wee 11 CPE 2 wee 12 CPE 3 wee 13 reset Table 10: Commands and switches for bandwidth To set for Star topology or Point-to-Point and Bandwidth of the Base unit: This is set using the EEprom register “E”. If the first digit of the switch setting or “most significant digit” is an “8” then it is planned to be in point-to-point mode. If the first is “0” or none then it will be in Star mode. The second digit or “least significant digit” is for the bandwidth (as transmitted from the base unit) with the number corresponding to how many 64 kb channels are made available. For example, type in though Hyper terminal or the GUI window [wee e 84] The system should respond back with [000E: 84] This will set up a Point to Point with 256 kb available bandwidth. Entering [wee e 08] would set the radio to be a Star with 512 kb bandwidth.

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 23To allocate total data Bandwidth of the base unit: To allocate data channels in 64kbps increments, EEprom register “F” is the total number of data channels allocated to the Base unit. To allocate total data Bandwidth of the CPE terminal: To allocate channels to the CPE stations, the EEprom registers 10,11,12,13 are used. This will handle up to (4) CPEs in a star configuration. In the CPE, EEprom registers 10,11,12,13 the MSB is used to state the amount of 64kb channels bonded for data. The LSB is used to state the number of 64kb channels available for voice services. See the following table for some example scripts. Point to Point Point to Point Star 256kb bandwidth, 2 data channels and 2 voice channels: 256kb bandwidth, 3 data channels and 1 voice channel: 512kb bandwidth, 2 voice channels for each CPE: wee e 84 000E: 84 wee e 84 000E: 84 wee e 08 000E: 08 wee f 02 000F: 02 wee f 03 000F: 03 wee f 00 000F: 00 wee 10 22 0010: 22 wee 10 31 0010: 31 wee 10 02 0010: 02 wee 11 00 0011: 00 wee 11 00 0011: 00 wee 11 02 0011: 02 wee 12 00 0012: 00 wee 12 00 0012: 00 wee 12 02 0012: 02 wee 13 00 0013: 00 wee 13 00 0013: 00 wee 13 02 0013: 02 reset reset reset Table 11: Example configuration scripts Additional Configuration Notes: • Total transmit channel count may only be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 • Total CPE channels may not exceed 8 • The sum of CPE voice and data channels may not exceed 8 either individually or collectively • Currently, all timeslots must be the same return bandwidth • There are distance issues regarding use timeslot zero (TS0)

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 24 4 Field Installation Options 4.1 Mounting the Enclosure The versatile mounting bracket assembly (PN: 900-7200) allows the Trailblazer enclosure to be properly mounted on a pole up to 2.25” in diameter. The mounting bracket assembly also converts to a wall mount for mounting the Trailblazer enclosure on a flat surface. See below for details for the two different mounting applications. Figure 6: Wall mounting the Trailblazer enclosure Wall Mounting Instructions: • Attach the mounting flanges to the enclosure using the ¼ -20 x 1” bolts, ¼” flat washers, ¼” lock washers, and ¼” hex nuts. • Tighten the ¼” nuts to maximum of 25 in-lbs (2.1 ft-lbs). Do not over tighten! • Position the enclosure on the wall. • It is recommended that you attach the enclosure to the wall using a lock washer and fasteners of your choice as shown in figure 2. • Tighten the fasteners of your choice. Do not over tighten!

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 25 Figure 7: Pole mounting the Trailblazer enclosure Pole Mounting Instructions: • Attach the mounting flanges to the enclosure using the ¼ -20 x 1” bolts, ¼” flat washers, ¼” lock washers, and ¼” hex nuts. • Tighten the ¼” nuts to maximum of 25 in-lbs (2.1 ft-lbs). Do not over tighten! • Position the enclosure on the pole. • Place the U-bolts around the pole, and slide the pipe flanges over them with the serrated sides facing the pole. See figure 1. • Apply an anti-seizing compound to the threads of the U-bolts. • Slide the mounting flanges (now attached to the enclosure) over the U-bolts and secure them using the 5/16” lock washers and 5/16” hex nuts. • Tighten the 5/16”nuts. Do not over tighten! 4.2 External Antennas The use of an external antenna with Model Trailblazer RC Pro system mandates professionally trained personnel to ensure compliance with FCC rules and regulations. Specifically the installer must ensure that the EIRP of the

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 26 transmitting antenna does not exceed the requirements of the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, paragraph 15.247. This device has been designed to operate with the antennas listed below, and having a maximum gain of 26 dB. Antennas not included in this list or having a gain greater than 26 dB are strictly prohibited for use with this device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms. WARNING! YOU CAN BE KILLED! The Trailblazer system is designed to be installed by professionally trained installers only! Failure to follow basic installation procedures and safety precautions can result in one or all of: damage to tools and/or equipment, interference with and/or damage to other equipment or accessories, violation of safety code, local laws and/or building codes, personal injury or even death. Detached antennas, whether installed indoors or out, should be installed ONLY by experienced antenna installation professionals who are familiar with local building and safety codes and, wherever applicable, are licensed by the appropriate government regulatory authorities. Failure to do so may void the CWT product warranty and may expose the end user to legal and financial liabilities." "Regulations regarding maximum antenna gains vary from country to country. It is the responsibility of the end user to operate within the limits of these regulations and to ensure that the professional installer is aware of these regulations, as well. " Installations of the Trailblazer System require topographic analysis, site survey, and link budget calculation; therefore CWT trained professionals are required to perform the installation. 4.2.1 Marketing and Sales Channels CWT DOES NOT sell the Trailblazer PRO direct to end users. i WLL Trailblazer PRO System will be sold only to CWT's Authorized Resellers. Those authorized resellers are technically trained by CWT's Engineers periodically and must follow the rules set by CWT. The Trailblazer PRO system is designed for Long Range (15-35 miles) applications and it involves a complicated mandatory site survey, roof top mast installation, high gain antennas, accurate antenna alignment, etc. Those activities can be done ONLY by professional installers that are familiar with the FCC regulations. CWT does not sell the Trailblazer PRO in the consumer business at all. We have no resellers in this market and we do not advertise in consumers based publications or attend consumer oriented trade shows. The system will be advertised in technical trade shows and magazines.

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 274.2.2 Calculating the EIRP of an External Antenna The for all bands of frequency the output of the Trailblazer TB series radio is calibrated at the factory to limit the peak power output to +17dBm. Using this example one can calculate the following: Note that the radio is calibrated for a maximum output power of +17dBm. Subtract the interconnecting cable and lightning protection losses of 2dB = total power arriving to antenna of 15dBm. Now add the 2.4 GHz panel antenna gain of 18dBi and this will give the total Effective Isotropic Rated Power of 33dBm. For 2.4 GHz, the FCC uses a “3 for 1” rule. The “3 for 1” FCC rule states that for every 3dB above 6dB of antenna gain you must lower the maximum RF power available to the antenna from +30dBm ( 1 watt) by 1dB. In this example the antenna gain is (18 – 6) 12dBi above 6 or (12 / 3) or 4 times 3dB above 6dB. Checking to see if the transmit power meets the rule is done by subtracting 4 from +30dB equaling +26dBm. This transmitter output RF power is set to +17dBm so it is below the limit. For 5.8 GHz, the FCC allows a maximum EIRP of 50dBm. This would mean that an antenna with a gain of 33dBi would be acceptable with no cable losses. For 4.9 GHz, the FCC allows a maximum EIRP of 42dBm. If you had no losses in between the radio and were using the supplied 22 dBi gain panel antenna you would have an ERP of 39dBm which is under the maximum of 42. Following this guideline ensures compliance with the maximum transmitter ERP allowed with the antenna provided as a system. 4.2.3 RF Safety Hazard Warning Due to the substantial energy radiated from these antennas, it is imperative that they never be mounted such that the antenna or the cabinet containing the antenna will be closer than 2 Meters (6.7 Feet) to any persons.

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 29 This is a properly mounted panel antenna. Note the ability of the mount the aim the antenna uptilt, downtilt and to either side.

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 30 Hint: You may want to complete the first two steps on the ground! 1. Assemble the mount to the antenna using the hardware provided as described in the diagram to the left. 2. Adjust the nuts nearest the antenna to positions that will provide the tilt angle required. Use the mounting diagram (left) with the table below to roughly align the antenna to your position requirements. 3. Assemble the antenna to the mast as shown at left. Fine adjustment to the tilt angle can be made after the antenna has been mounted to the mast. Spacing references for downtilt (L1, L2) will be as shown (left). Spacing references for uptilt (L1, L2) will be opposite as shown (left). Once the antenna has been mounted, aligned and tested be sure to properly complete the installation by weatherproofing the cable connections. See Section 4.5 “23dBi 5.8 GHz Directional Flat Panel Antenna This antenna is similar to the 18dBi 2.4 GHz antenna except that it is properly polarized when the arrow on the back indicates a vertical line. This results in a diamond shape presented. 4.4 22dBi 4.9 GHz Directional Flat Panel Antenna This antenna is similar to the 18dBi 2.4 GHz antenna except that it is properly polarized when the arrow on the back indicates a vertical line. This results in a diamond shape presented. Weatherproofing RF Connections

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 31 4.5 23dBi 5.8 GHz Directional Flat Panel Antenna This antenna is similar to the 18dBi 2.4 GHz antenna except that it is properly polarized when the arrow on the back indicates a vertical line. This results in a diamond shape presented. 4.6 22dBi 4.9 GHz Directional Flat Panel Antenna This antenna is similar to the 18dBi 2.4 GHz antenna except that it is properly polarized when the arrow on the back indicates a vertical line. This results in a diamond shape presented. 4.7 Weatherproofing RF Connections Once you have the antenna mounted and secured. Complete the installation by properly weatherproofing the RF connector. The connector will be waterproof and durable as well as easy to service if it needs to be removed. You need electrical tape and a thick, sticky sealing tape commonly known as “vapor wrap”. Start by connecting the RF cable to the antenna. Cover the entire connector, any visible threads on the antenna’s RF connector and about ½ inch of the coax cable with electrical tape. Next, cover the tape with vapor wrap, overlapping the tape on each end by ¼ inch. Finish by covering the entire vapor wrap with another layer of black electrical tape. You can easily remove the weatherproofing by cutting down one side of the wrap and peeling it away. 4.8 Antenna Alignment Rough alignment: This is fairly straight forward. Since it is a prerequisite that you have line of sight between the two points, here are several ideas that have worked for installers: • If you can see the other unit, simply aim the units towards each other. • During midday, use a mirror or compact disk to create a reflection approximately towards the other site while someone watches for the flash. • Plot out the path on a topographical map and set the antennas using a compass.

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 32 How close in alignment do they need to be? +/- 10 degrees will be adequate for most paths using the 14 dB gain antenna. Certain paths that have a low fade margin may require a more accurate setting. Alignment indicators: Due to the nature of digital modulation and the associated circuitry, there is no analog test point at which the signal strength may be monitored. Rather, the bit error rate is indicated on the digital board. If there are obstructions or interference in the link the middle, red LED will begin to blink. The rate of flash is an indication of the degree of signal degradation, with a higher flash rate indicating more errors. Final alignment is performed by connecting a standard telephone directly to the CPE terminal (FXS) and listening to the dial tone. As the antenna is moved to the left the signal will degrade, the bit error LED will flash, and eventually the link will be lost. Note where the antenna is aimed when the link is lost and rotate the antenna to the other side until the signal is lost again. The midpoint between the positions where the signal was lost indicates the best antenna position. Use the GUI software and a laptop to determine the exact signal peak and then tighten the antenna mounts. 4.9 Interference Solutions Sometimes after installation, final alignment is found to interfere with external devices, and/or external devices are later installed that affect the Carlson Wireless Radio device. To determine if the Carlson Wireless radio is an interferer, power down the radio unit and check if the interference is removed. To determine if an external device is interfering with the Carlson Wireless radio, shut down suspected devices while listening to an audible tone (such as dial tone) on a phone connected through the Carlson Wireless system. Common Interferers are: microwave, wireless household controls, emergency radio equipment, cordless telephones, wireless video products, etc. (refer to Interference Section 2.1.6 for more information) Before calling the manufacturer the installer is encouraged to try correcting the problem by trying one or more of the following suggestions: • Slightly reorient or move the Carlson Wireless antenna to a new position • Change the frequency of Carlson Wireless radio or offending device • Relocate the offending/offended device • Separate power sources, or filter sources between the offenders • If not installer, consult dealer or experienced technician

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 33 4.10 Lightning Protection CWT stocks in-line, gas-discharge style lightning surge suppressors as primary lightning protection for their reliability, ease of installation and low cost to the customer. In-line protectors mount in series with the coaxial cable or telephone line which provides an excellent solution for a retrofit application. The protector is grounded through an external ground screw that is attached to the body of the surge protector. Be sure to take the other end of this ground circuit into consideration as well. 4.10.1 Antenna Port Protection Mount the CWT in-line, gas discharge lightning surge suppressor in parallel with the coaxial cable between the radio and the antenna. Place the protector as near the radio as possible in order to limit the amount of cable that will be exposed to either direct or indirect strikes of lightning or atmospheric static charges. Connect the largest wire (usually #8 or #10AWG solid) to the ground screw on the body of the surge protector and terminate it to a proper ground (see above). If you have any question about the quality of your ground system, stop and remedy the issue before continuing. RF Gas Discharge Lightning Surge Protector Specifications CWT Part number 640-6600 Description High Frequency co-axial surge protector (Gas tube) Maximum power (50 Ohms) 70 W Breakdown Voltage (100 V/s) 90-130 V Residual Voltage (1 kV/µs) < 600 V Power Handling (8/20 µs waveform) 10 shocks 1 shock 10 kA 20 kA Return Loss and Attenuation @ 0.5 GHz @ 1 GHz @ 4 GHz < -25 dB < - 25 dB < -20 dB Insertion Loss @ 0.5 GHz @ 1 GHz @ 2.5 GHz @ 4 GHz < 0.05 dB < 0.03 dB < 0.067 dB < 0.29 dB Connector Type “N” Housing Material Copper alloy with CuZnSn finish Contact Sockets Material Gold Plated Copper alloy Insulation Material Teflon per ASTM-D-170 Table 12: RF Lightning Protection

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 34 Figure 8: Surge Protection, RF Figure 9: Antenna Port Lightning Protector, VSWR and Insertion Loss

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 35 4.10.2 Telephone Line Port/ Subscriber Premises Protection Figure 10: Primary Telephone Line Transient Protection The telephone line surge protector is designed to be used as a primary station protector at the subscriber end of the loop. It provides protection against lightning surges, power cross conditions, and ground potential rises. The protector element for each line consists of a heavy duty rated, (2) element gas tube, an external backup gap assembly and a unique switch grade shorting mechanism. The enclosure accommodates two protectors. Two gas tubes are sealed in a fire resistant plastic body with plated #10 brass studs, washers and hex nuts for connection to (2) subscriber pairs. A plated brass ground connector is slotted to fit the ground connection points of station protector housings and network interface devices. It has sectionalized grommet in base for wire entry. Line 1 TipEarth GroundLine 1 RingLine 2 TipLine 2 Ring

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 36 Telephone Line Gas Discharge Lightning Surge Protector Specifications CWT Part number 640-6500 Description Sealed gas tube station protector DC Breakdown@100V/s 300-500V Impulse Breakdown 100V/µs 10kV/µs 100V/µs, vented 600V 850V 1200V Insulation Resistance@100V/leakage current 10e10 Ω Capacitance@1kHz <15pF DC Extinguishing (Network applied) @52V, 135V, 150V <150ms Impulse Life Characteristics >400x500A 10/1000µs 10kA 8/20µs AC Life characteristics >65A, 11 cycles Enclosure Material Weather and UV resistant , high impact, flame retardant plastic. Dimensions 5.7”H x 3.4”W x 2.2”D Table 13: Subscriber side protection

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 37 5 Test & Maintenance 5.1 Diagnostics 5.1.1 LED Function The Trailblazer units’ are equipped with multifunction status indication LEDs on the top and radio card. There are no LEDs on the interface card. You can read the link and alignment status as well as packet loss information quickly, without using a PC. Use the table below for translating the LED patterns. CPE Unit BASE Unit D4 D5 D6 D4 D5 D6 Description NO POWER Off Off Off Off Off Off Power system failure or no power applied POWER ON Off Off Solid Off Off Solid Initial Power up, FPGA not loaded by CPU CPE ACQUIRING Solid Solid Flashing Off Solid Flashing CPE – receiver on, looking for valid signal. Base - FPGA loaded, radio transmitting CPE RANGING Solid Off Flashing Off Solid Flashing CPE acquired and locked, CPE begins transmitting locator beacon BASE RANGING Solid Off Flashing Solid Off Flashing Base accepts CPE locator beacon and begins ranging operation ALIGNMENT Off Blinks Solid Off Blinks Solid Final alignment, minimizing bit errors LOCKED Off Off Flashing Off Off Flashing Units locked and aligned, ready for service PACKET ERRORS Off Blinks Flashing Off Blinks Flashing D5 blinking indicates packet errors, weak signal or interference Table 14: System Status LED Information Table Figure 11: Trailblazer Radio Card LEDs D4 (Red)Reset Button D5 (Red) D6 (Green)

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 38 Setting your units next to each other on your bench with the test antennas attached to the N female connectors on the enclosureThe LED will indicate from top to bottom in the preceding table, from the No Power to the Final Alignment and Errors state. The Trailblazer system should reach the CPU Operational state within 20 seconds after power is applied. The Acquired state completes when the CPE terminal has detected and locked to the radio signal from the base unit. The Ranged state is complete when the CPE terminal has turned on the radio transmitter and is aligned with the base unit. After ranging both units will do an Alignment to minimize bit errors. During the Operation and Diagnostics stage, any bit errors are occurring will be indicated by D5 blinking or flashing depending on the severity of the errors. This condition may also be caused by interference or misalignment of the antennas (or weak signal). If D4 and D5 are OFF and D6 is FLASHING, the unit is ready for service! 5.2 Maintenance 5.2.1 Installation of Software/Firmware Upgrades Most maintenance and upgrading of the system can and should be performed with the included GUI software. See Section 3 for operating instructions for the GUI. If for some reason you are unable to use the GUI software, you may alternately use the Terminal Interface. See the Appendix for advanced programming and diagnostics details.

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 39 6 Appendix 6.1 About Carlson Wireless 6.1.1 Mission Carlson Wireless Technologies Inc. (CWT) is dedicated to designing, manufacturing and marketing innovative, low power digital WLL (wireless local loop) telephone systems that provide high-quality voice and data links for rural and remote telephone users worldwide. 6.1.2 History CWT (Carlson Wireless Technologies) Inc. was founded in 1999 by James Carlson and is a privately held California “C” corporation headquartered in Redway, California. CWT purchased the assets of Adicom Wireless Inc. formerly of Pleasanton, CA. Adicom Wireless had spent 4 years and over $40 million in development of a CDMA multipoint system. The designs and patents are being used this newer Trailblazer RC Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint product line. 6.1.3 Summary CWT is marketing the Trailblazer product through established telecom and wireless equipment distributors. Please contact our Sales Department +1.707. 923.3000, or email sales@carlsonwireless.com for more information.

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 40 6.2 System Specifications Air Interface Data Throughput Rate End-to-End System Latency Fax Compatibility Modem Performance RF Performance Frequency Range RF Channels RF Output Power Receive Sensitivity External Antenna Port Environmental Specifications Operating Temp Humidity Voltage Requirements Operating Current CPE Terminal (FXS) Specifications Regulatory Open Loop Voltage Loop Current Maximum Loop Length Ringing Voltage Ringing Load Ringing Waveform Nominal Transmit Level Nominal Receive Level 2 Wire Port Return Loss Voltage Requirements Operating Current: No Load, Full Load Base Unit Specifications Regulatory Maximum Loop Length Ring Equivalent Number Ring Detect Threshold 2 Wire Port Return Loss Operating Voltage Operating Current: No Load, Full Load Certifications Warranty *Proprietary DSSS CDMA using a negotiated QOS with Time Division Duplexing 512, 256, 128, 64 kbps, Configurable with GUI Less than 4.4 ms Depending on Speed Selected G3 (9.6kbps) and G4 (14.4kbps) V.34 (33kbps) via POTS, up to V.90 (56kbps) via RuralConnect™ 2.4GHz Standard. 4.9 and 5.8 GHz Options Available 4 sub channels in 2.4 GHz band, 8 sub channels in 5.8 GHz 17dBm typical in 2.4 GHz, 17dBm in 5.8 GHz -93 dBm/256 kbps @10-6 BER -90 dBm/512 kbps @10-6 BER “N” Type Female -30 to +60 Degrees C (Ambient with Solar Shielding) 0 to 90% - Non-Condensing Filtered DC nominal 12 to 24 V Negative Earth Ground 2 Watts Minimum, 8 Watts Maximum Configuration LSSGR, TR57, ITU Q.552, and G.712 36 to 48V 20 mA to 24 mA 1200 Ohms Including Instrument 60 VAC RMS 3 REN Balanced Sinusoidal, 20 Hz Standard, Factory Programmable 16 to 33Hz 0.0 dBm0, Factory Programmable -2.0 dBm0, Factory Programmable 24 dB min. Filtered DC Nominal 12 to 24V 1.4 Watts (i.e. 24v @ 60ma) Idle, 4 Watts (i.e. 24v @ 200ma) max Including Radio TIA/EIA/IS-968 (FCC), UL 1950, UL 60950, EN 60950, IEC60950, EN55022B 1500 ohms or 18 ma. 0.3B per line 24-110Vrms, 17-34 Hz 24dB min. Filtered DC Nominal 12 to 24V Less then 2 Watts (i.e. 24v @ 200ma) with 8 Lines Active Including Radio US, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Philippians’ Islands, Morocco 1 Year Parts and Labor

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 41 6.2.1 Block Diagram Figure 12: Block Diagram of Radio Card

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 42 6.3 Cable Pin outs Should you misplace or lose your serial programming cable, you can call your CWT sales rep. and order a replacement or construct a new cable from a few simple parts using the diagram below. 6.3.1 Configuration Port Pinout Configuration Port Cable Construction Table A DB9 pin Female to be fit in the PC is wired with: A 3 pin, .100” spacing connector, female, connecting to the Trailblazer as shown: DCD on pin 1, (not used) TX Data on pin 2, TX Data on pin 1, RX Data on pin 3, RX Data on pin 3, DTR on pin 4, (not used) SG on pin 5, (signal ground) SG on pin 2, (signal ground) DSR on pin 6, (not used) RTS on pin 7, (not used) CTS on pin 8, (not used) RI on pin 9, (not used) Table 15: Configuration Port Cable Construction Table Figure 13: Serial Data Cable Pinout (PCB View) TRANSMIT GROUNDRECEIVE

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 43 Standard “AT” Pinout for a DB9 Connector Figure 14: Serial Data Cable Schematic Table 16: Serial Data Cable Pinout Serial Data Cable Pinout Pin Signal Description Direction 1 DCD Data Carrier Detect To PC 2 RD Receive Data To PC 3 TD Transmit Data From PC 4 DTR Data Terminal Ready From PC 5 GND Signal Ground Common 6 DSR Data Set Ready To PC 7 RTS Request to Send From PC 8 CTS Clear to Send To PC 9 RI Ring Indicator To PC

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 44 6.4 Advanced Programming and Diagnostics 6.4.1 Configuring the Serial Port Parameters In order to communicate with the Trailblazer units using the Command Line Interface, the serial port parameters need to be configured. The serial port parameters are illustrated in the following figure. These settings were configured within the program by Hilgraeve (see left and below). This program is readily available and runs on any Windows platform, but any terminal emulation program can be used that can communicate across the asynchronous serial COM ports of a PC. The ASCII setup screen in HyperTerminal™ needs to be configured as well in order to properly communicate with the Trailblazer units. In addition to the basic ASCII setup (shown right) which you will use most to configure the system, you must insert a 50ms line delay in order to be able to send scripts to the Trailblazer units. Scripts are what you will need to use in order to configure the amount of and allocation of bandwidth within the Trailblazer system. See Section 3.4 Allocating Bandwidth to Voice and/or Data for complete details.

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 45 6.4.2 Setting the V35 enable and port location To enable the V35 data port, open up the Hyperterminal™ interface and if you are communicating with a CPE unit after booting type: [stop]. If you are connected to a base unit it will stop on it’s own after a minute. Then type in: [wee 5 1] or [wee 5 2] depending on which line no you wish to be used as a data path for the Ethernet connection. The system should respond back with: 0005: 02 as shown above. To disable theV35 data port, open up the HyperTerminal™ interface and type in: [wee 5 FF] . The system should respond back with: 0005: FF . 6.4.3 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) The RSSI value can be accessed through the Command Line Interface using the following command: rdm ff28 4 <enter>. The figure at right shows the output for the RSSI from the CPE unit. The RSSI value is repeated 4 times, but just look at a single number. The figure to the right shows an RSSI of 0C. The RSSI should be 8 or higher. If the value displayed contains an alphabetic character (A, B, C, D, E or F), the value is greater than 9. The undesirable RSSI values are from 00 to 07.

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 46 The RSSI command can be used on the base unit. The above figure displays the results of the command. 3 of the 4 values will always read 00, just ignore these values. 1 of the 4 numbers should be greater than 7. If the value displayed contains an alphabetic character (A, B, C, D, E or F), the value is greater than 9. In the above example the RSSI value is sufficient. 6.4.4 Air Link Quality The quality of the Air Link can be interrogated through the Command Line Interface using the following command: debug 1 <enter>. This command causes the Air Link statistics to be printed every 4 seconds. The statistics can be stopped by typing, debug 0 <enter>. The processing of the debug command is illustrated in the following figure. With a completely clean link, the SFD Loss Count and Signal Byte Error Count should be both zero. A SFD Loss Count greater than (6) could indicate a low signal strength or external interference. 6.4.5 Installation of Software/Firmware Upgrades In addition to maintenance using the GUI software, as a failsafe the software/firmware for the Trailblazer systems can be upgraded in the field through the serial port using a terminal emulation program and the Command Line Interface. 1. Reset the board using the RESET button near the rotary channel switch. 2. Stop the program through the Command Line Interface. The figure above illustrates this step. When the Boot program starts, the software version information is displayed. When the prompt “Boot Loader Ready” appears, type: [stop] and press: <enter>. The Boot program confirms the stop command by displaying the text “Boot Loader Stopped”. If the text “Boot Loader Stopped” is not displayed immediately, RESET the unit and try again. Although timing is not extremely critical, try to type the command in the first couple of seconds.

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 47 3. Download the new software/firmware program. The following two figures illustrate this step. The menu option “Send Text File …” is selected. Next, the dialog box will appear which allows the selection of the file to download to the Trailblazer unit. After the file is selected, click the “Open” button. The download will proceed automatically from this point. 4. Download has completed. The end of the download is illustrated below. The version information at the end of the download will indicate the successful completion of the download. Re-display the version information again by typing <versions>. 5. Reset the board either manually using the reset button or by typing <reset>. The Trailblazer unit will need to be reset before the new software/firmware upgrade will take effect.

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 48 6.5 Antenna Patterns and Specifications 6.5.1 18dBi Directional Panel Plots and Specs 18dBi Directional Panel Specifications Pole Size 1” (25) to 2.88” (73) In (mm) Weight 3.9(1.76) Lbs. (kg) Dimension (W x L) 15.1 x 13.9 x 1.9 (384x353x48) In (mm) Wind Load 85 @100MPH Frequency Range 2300-2500 MHz 3 deg beam width 19 vertical, 18 horizontal deg Front to Back 25 dB VSWR 1.6:1 Impedance 50 ohms Input Power 20 watts Operating Temperature -40 to +70 Deg C. Gain 18 dBi Bracket Tilt 45 Deg Table 17: 18dBi Directional Panel Specifications

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 49 6.6 Warranty Limited Warranty, USA Carlson Wireless Technologies Inc. (CWT) or Carlson Wireless USA, collectively referred to as "Carlson“), will repair this product with new or rebuilt parts, free of charge, in the USA or Puerto Rico for one (1) year from the date of original purchase in the event of a defect in material or workmanship. Mail-in service in the USA can be obtained during the warranty period from a Carlson Factory Service center by calling +1.707.923.3000 or online by visiting http://carlsonwireless.com/service/rma_request.php for an RMA (Return Materials Authorization) number. After receiving your RMA confirmation via telephone or email, ship your product adequately packed, postage paid and insured to the address provided. This warranty extends to the original purchaser only. A purchase receipt or other proof of the date of original purchase will be required before warranty services are rendered. This warranty only covers failures due to defects in materials or workmanship which occur during normal use. It does not cover damages incurred in shipment or failures caused by products not supplied by Carlson. It also does not cover failures which result from accident, misuse, abuse, neglect, mishandling, misapplication, alteration, modification, lightning, power line surge, introduction of sand, dust, humidity and/or liquids, or service by anyone other than a Carlson Factory Service Center or authorized Carlson Service Center, or damage that is attributable to acts of God. Limits and Exclusions There are no express warranties except as listed above. CARLSON SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS PRODUCT OR ARISING OUT OF ANY BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY. ALL EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE LIMITED TO THE APPLICABLE WARRANTY PERIOD SET FORTH ABOVE. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages or limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts, so the above exclusions or limitations may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state. If a problem with this product develops during or after the warranty period you may contact your dealer or Service center.

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 50 6.7 Acronyms/Abbreviations ANSI ................. American National Standards Institute async ............... asynchronous CCITT................ Comité Consultatif International Téléphonique et Télégraphique CD ..................... carrier detect CPE.................... customer premise equipment CS ...................... clear to send CSU ................... channel service unit CTS ................... clear to send CO ……………... central office dB....................... decibel DCE ................... data communications equipment DDS................... digital data service DSR................... data set ready DSU................... data service unit DTE ................... data terminal equipment DTR................... data terminal ready EA ...................... extended address FR....................... frame relay FSU.................... frame relay service unit GUI.................... graphical user interface HDLC................ high-speed data link control IP........................ internet protocol ISDN................. integrated services digital network ITU..................... International Telecommunications Union kbps................... kilobits per second LAN................... local area network LED.................... light emitting diode MIB ................... management information base ms ...................... millisecond PPP .................... point-to-point protocol RD ..................... receive data RDL................... remote digital loop-back RFC.................... request for comments RIP..................... routing information protocol RMA.................. return material authorization RR...................... receiver ready RTS.................... request to send Rx....................... receive SDLC................. synchronous data link control SNA................... systems network architecture SNMP ............... simple network management protocol SW56 ................. switched 56 sync.................... synchronous TD...................... transmit data TR ...................... data terminal ready Tx ....................... transmit UNI.................... user-to-network interface WAN.................. wide area network

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 51 6.8 Glossary ANSI Acronym for American National Standards Institute. Devises and proposes recommendations for international communications standards. asynchronous A method of data transmission which allows characters, that are preceded by a start bit and are followed by a stop bit, to be sent at irregular intervals. bandwidth A range within a band of frequencies or an amount of data that can be transmitted in a preset amount of time. The bandwidth determines the rate at which information can be sent. bridge A connectivity advice that operates at the OSI Data Link Layer and filters and forwards packets by physical addresses. See also router. CD Acronym for Carrier Detect. It is a signal generated by a modem or DSU/CSU and indicates the presence of a carrier signal on a communications link. CSU Acronym for Channel Service Unit. A device used to connect a digital phone line from the phone company to a multiplexer, channel bank, or directly to another device producing a digital signal. A CSU performs line-conditioning and equalization functions, responds to loop-back commands sent from the central office, regenerates digital signals and monitors them for problems, and provides a way of testing a digital circuit. CLASS features Acronym for Custom Local Area Signaling Services. Consists of number-translation services, such as call-forwarding and caller identification. clock Is an oscillator-generated signal that provides a timing reference and generates periodic signals for the timing of certain functions in a transmission link. CPE Acronym for Customer Premise Equipment. It includes all telecommunications terminal equipment located on the customer premises, including telephone sets, PBXs, data terminals, and customer-owned coin-operated telephones. CTS Acronym for Clear To Send. A signal on the DTE interface indicating that the DCE is clear to send data. dB Is an abbreviation for decibel, a logarithmic unit used to measure sound level or signal strength. DCE Acronym for Data Communications Equipment. A device that provides all the functions required for connection to telephone company lines and for converting signals between telephone lines and DTE. Also see DTE. DSR Acronym for Data Set Ready. It is a signal on the EIA-232 interface that indicates a connection and readiness to start handshaking control signals for communication to begin. DSU Acronym for Data Service Unit. A hardware component needed to transmit digital data over a hardware channel. It converts signals from bridges, routers, and multiplexers into the bipolar digital signals used on the telephone company digital lines and ensures that voltage levels are correct. DSU loop back Is a Telco initiated test which loops the DSU back to the Telco and is used to test the DDS circuit as well as the DSU/CSU. DTE

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 52 Acronym for Data Terminal Equipment. It is the end-user terminal or computer that plugs into the termination point (DCE) of a communications circuit. gateway Is a device which enables information to be exchanged between two dissimilar systems or networks. HDLC Acronym for High Level Data Link Control. It is a generic link-level communications protocol developed by ISO, that manages synchronous code-transparent serial information transfer over a link connection. See also SDLC. host computer The primary or controlling computer in a multiple computer operation. in-band signaling is signaling over the same channel used for data. IP Acronym for Internet Protocol. It provides for transmitting blocks of data between hosts identified by fixed-length addresses. ISDN Acronym for Integrated Services Digital Network. It is a network architecture that enables end-to-end digital connections. It supports diverse services through integrated access arrangements and defines a limited set of standard, multipurpose interfaces for equipment vendors, network providers, and customers. LAN Acronym for Local Area Network. A privately owned network that offers high-speed communications channels connecting information processing equipment in a limited geographic area. MIB Acronym for Management Information Base. It is a database of network management information used by SNMP. multi-point Is a configuration or topology designed to transmit data between a central site and a number of remote terminals on the same circuit. Individual terminals are not able to send data to each other. out-of-band signaling Is signaling that is separated from the channel carrying information (voice, data, video, etc.) by a filter. packet Is a bundle of data that contains both control information and the data itself. The control information is used for routing the packet through a network to its final destination. packet-switching network Is a telecommunications network based on packet-switching technology, wherein a transmission channel is occupied only for the duration of the transmission of the packet. parameter Is a numerical code that controls an aspect of terminal and/or network operation. Parameters control page size, data transmission speed, and timing options. ping Is an internet protocol standard that provides loop-back on demand for any device in an IP network. One device "pings" another by sending a loop-back request to the device's IP address. point-to-point Is a type of communications link that connects a single device to another single device, such as a Base unit to a CPE unit. remote configuration A feature that allows the CPE unit to be configured from the Base unit or VT-100 compatible terminal. router Is a device that supports LAN-to-LAN communications. IT reads logical addressing information and directs data across a network to its destination. See also bridge. SNMP

Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.02 53 Acronym for Simple Network Management Protocol. It is a control and reporting scheme widely used to manage devices from different vendors and operates on top of the Internet protocol. switched network Is a network of dial-up telephone lines that uses circuit switching to provide communications services to network users. synchronous A method of data transmission in which timing information is sent along with the transmitted data. Synchronous communication is achieved when timing shares a single clock. SDLC Acronym for synchronous data link control. A link-level communications protocol that manages synchronous, code-transparent, serial information transfer over a link connection. TELNET The standard TCP/IP remote login protocol VT-100 A non-intelligent terminal or terminal emulation mode used for asynchronous communications.

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