Avaya Canada S8000 Base Transceiver Station User Manual EXHIBIT 11

Avaya Canada Corporation Base Transceiver Station EXHIBIT 11

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S8000 User Manual

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This document contains Proprietary Information of Northern Telecom Limited. This information is considered to be CONFIDENTIAL and should be treated appropriately. EXHIBIT 11 Reference Manual Applicant: Northern Telecom Ltd. For Certification on: AB6S8000

Wireless Service Provider SolutionsS8000 BTSReference ManualPE/DCL/DD/0063 12.07/EN Standard September 2000411–9001–063

Publication HistoryNortel Networks Confidential iiiS8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualPUBLICATION HISTORYSystem release: GSM/BSS V12September 2000Issue 12.07/EN StandardUpdate after internal document review (PE/DCL/GES/0064 – 05.02/FR)July 2000Issue 12.06/EN DraftS8006 BTS: Chapters 1, 2 ,4 , 5S8000 family: Removal of the rectifier module evolution, chapter 2Battery cabinet alarm cabling updated, chapter 2TD 1158: Additional external alarms on CBCF, chapter 2Dimensioning rule updated, chapter 5CSR EE00608: EXT. P./ EXT. NP. pin connections on ALCO/RECAL boardsupdated, chapter 2June 2000Issue 12.05/EN PreliminaryModification of the manual structurePR 1179 and PR 1163: Cavity coupling, chapters 1, 2, 3, 4e–DRX module: all chaptersNew PA, chapter 2Tri–phase ac box (type 4), chapter 2SR EE00198 or SR NK00810 CPCMI board: switch position, chapter 2Power system: new type of six–rectifiers, chapter 2Dimensioning rules and configurations updated, chapter 5November 1999Issue 12.04/EN StandardMinor editorial update

Publication History Nortel Networks ConfidentialivPE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12November 1999Issue 12.03/EN StandardTranslation according to the V12.02/FR updatingJune 1999Issue 12.02/EN PreliminaryUpdate according to the review report, PE/DCL/GES/0064 V05.01/FR.May 1999Issue 12.01/EN DraftUpdate for the V12 release according to the “Feature list of System Release V12”,(PE/SYS/DPL/103 V01.04/EN), chapters 3 and 6PR 887: S8000 Indoor 900/1800 (2D+H2D or 2H2D), chapter 6PR 897 : S8000 Outdoor 900/1800/1900 (2D+H2D or 2H2D), chapter 6PR 942 : S8000 Outdoor 900, 1800 (H2D or H4D), chapter 6SR 301 06261: Connector description, chapter 4S8002 BTS

Publication HistoryNortel Networks Confidential vS8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualSYSTEM RELEASE : GSM/BSS V11November 1999Issue 11.04/ENUpdate for the V11 release according to the SR EE90852 : Add the switch S3 onthe CPCMI boardMay 1999Issue 11.03/ENIntroduction of S8002 BTSRefer to review report of PE/DCL/0064/ V05.01/FRSeptember 1998Issue 11.02/ENUpdate after internal document review (PE/DCL/GES/0064 V04.01/FR).September 1998Issue 11.01/ENUpdate for the V11 release according to the “Feature list of System Release V11”(PE/SYS/DPL/0089 V01.02/EN)EC 101–2447: Change in level of power consumption for S8000 Outdoor BTS(GSM 1900 only), chapter 3PR 549, 807: CBCF for S8000I 900/1800PR 776, 834: CBCF for S8000O 900/1800/1900PR 907 S8000 I/O 3S888 H2D 900/1800, chapter 3 and 6PR 967 S8000 I/O 016 H4D 900/1800, chapter 3 and 6Addition of the single phase AC box, type 1, chapter 3Addition of the tri–phase AC box, type 2, chapter 3

Publication History Nortel Networks ConfidentialviPE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12SYSTEM RELEASE : GSM/BSS V10November 1999Issue 10.06/ENUpdate for the V10 release according to the SR EE90852 : Add the switch S3 onthe CPCMI boardJune 1999Issue 10.05/ENSee report review PE/DCL/GES/0064, V05.01/FR except S8002 BTS commentsMay 1999Issue 10.04/ENSame issue as 11.01/ENApril 1998Issue 10.03/ENAfter review report PE/DCL/GES/0064, V03.02/FR, chapters 2, 3, 4 and 6March 1998Issue 10.02/ENSR 30080371: DSC board dimensioning, chapter 6PR 740, 741, 767: Tx–Filter, chapters 2, 3, 4 and 6PR 742, 770, 771: DRX New Design, chapters 3 and 4PR 896, S8000 I/O Dual band configuration 3S444–444 (H2D), chapter 3Removal of J64 connector (GTW board), chapter 4New 75 Ω box, chapter 3February 1998Issue 10.01/ENUpdate for V10 release according to “Feature List of system release”PE/SYS/DPL/0075, V01.03/EN.AR329, PF471: dual band configuration, chapter 6After review report PE/DCL/GES/64 V03.01/FR.

Publication HistoryNortel Networks Confidential viiS8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualSYSTEM RELEASE : GSM/BSS V09February 1998Issue 09.09/ENAfter review report PE/DCL/GES/64, V02.04/FR, chapters 3, 4, 5 and 6.February 1998Issue 09.08/ENUpdate for V9 release:PR 485/623/486: S8000 Outdoor extension introduction, chapters 3 and 6PR742: DRX new design, chapter 4CM743: interferer cancellation on DRX, chapter 2PR740/767/741: new configuration with duplexer coupling, chapter 3 and 6New configuration with H4D coupling, chapter 6DRX LEDs meaning, chapter 3Cabling figures enhanced, chapter 1FCC label location corrected, chapter 3LEDs of climatic system introduced, chapters 3 and 4RF combiner board enhanced, chapter 3Additional equipment introduced (–48V kit, phone plug kit...), chapter 6SR 30080371: DSC board dimensioning, chapter 6November 1997Issue 09.07/ENAfter review report PE/DCL/GES/64, V02.03/FR, chapters 3, 4 and 6October 1997Issue 09.06/ENUpdate for V9 release according to “Feature list of system release”PE/SYS/DPL/0057, V01.07/EN:New Power System (7–rectifier type), chapters 3 and 4PR520/521: S8000 Indoor extension cabinet (GSM 900/1800), chapters 3, 4and 6

Publication History Nortel Networks ConfidentialviiiPE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12PR738: New RF combiner with H4D coupling, chapters 3, 4 and 6Cross Polarization configurations, chapters 3 and 6Internal remarksAddition of BCF TEI configuration, chapter 4Addition of regulatory information, chapter 1August 1997Issue 09.05/ENDACS introduction in S8000 Outdoor BTS, chapter 3July 1997Issue 09.04/ENAfter review report PE/DCL/GES/64, V02.02/FR.June 1997Issue 09.03/ENUpdate for V9 release according to “Feature list of system release”PE/SYS/DPL/0057, V01.06/ENTF 441 Power Control Enhancements, chapter 2BCF configurations, chapter 2RX–Splitter gain value, chapter 4DRX receive sensitivity, chapter 4March 1997Issue 09.02/ENAfter review report PE/DCL/GES/064, V02.01/FR.

Publication HistoryNortel Networks Confidential ixS8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualFebruary 1997Issue 09.01/ENReorganisation of the volume for V9 release.Update for V9 release according to “Feature list of system release”PE/SYS/DPL/0057, V01.05/EN:PR276, PR465, PR484: S8000 Outdoor BTS 900FM 625: RX–Splitter alarm on S8000, chapters 2S8000 Indoor: New ProductCM 330: Cell Soft Blocking improvement, chapter 2TF 225: Forced Hardover, chapter 2Former versions document obsolete BSS system versions. Therefore, the publication historyis not applicable.

Publication History Nortel Networks ConfidentialxPE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Table of contentsNortel Networks Confidential xiS8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualAbout this document xxv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Applicability xxv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Precautionary message xxv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Audience xxv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prerequisites xxv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Related Document xxvi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .How this document is organized xxvi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regulatory information xxvi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Cabinet description 1–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Physical characteristics 1–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 S8000 Outdoor BTS 1–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.2 S8000 Indoor BTS 1–16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.5 Product names 1–27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.6 Configurations 1–27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Cabinet compartment layout 1–29. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 S8000 Outdoor BTS 1–29. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.2 S8000 Indoor BTS 1–35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.5 Additional equipments 1–50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 BTS cabling 1–60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.1 Connector plates 1–60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.2 Internal cabling 1–66. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.3 External cabling 1–100. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.4 Inter–cabinet cabling 1–100. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Power supply 1–136. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.1 S8000 Outdoor 1–136. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.2 S8000 Indoor BTS 1–161. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table of contentsNortel Networks Confidential xiiiS8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual3 Architecture 3–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Physical architecture 3–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 Introduction 3–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 Subsystems 3–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3 Internal buses 3–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 BCF functional architecture 3–9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 BCF control, switching and management (CSWM) 3–9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2 Data Signaling Concentration unit (DSC) 3–16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.3 PCM Interface (PCMI) 3–18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.4 Synchronization (SYNC) 3–20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.5 Alarm collecting function (ALCO) 3–22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.6 BCF/DRX gateway (GTW) 3–22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.7 BCF configurations 3–24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table of contents Nortel Networks ConfidentialxivPE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V123.3 CBCF functional architecture 3–25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.1 Switching, synchronization, and concentration 3–25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.2 Control of the alarm management unit 3–29. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.3 PCM Interface 3–29. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 DRX functional architecture 3–31. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4.1 DRX digital part 3–31. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4.2 DRX radio part 3–47. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4.3 DRX shutting down 3–48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4.4 Power supply board 3–49. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 e–DRX functional architecture 3–50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5.1 Modifications between the DRX and e–DRX 3–50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5.2 Main external connections 3–52. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5.3 e–DRX functional description 3–53. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Software descrIption 4–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 BTS software presentation 4–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.1 Downloadable files 4–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.2 PROM 4–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 BTS software functions 4–6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.1 DRX or e–DRX software functions 4–6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.2 BCF software functions 4–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3 CBCF software functions 4–12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.4 TIL software functions 4–15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Dimensioning rules 5–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Generalities on dimensioning 5–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.1 RADIO interface dimensions 5–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.2 Abis Interface dimensioning 5–4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Dimensioning of the BTS 5–7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.1 Configurations 5–7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.2 Dimensioning of radio and Abis interfaces 5–8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.3 Dimensioning of DSC board (with BCF) 5–9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Configurations 5–9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of figuresNortel Networks Confidential xvS8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualFigure 1–1 S8000 Outdoor BTS with ACU climatic system 1–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–2 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Air circulation in the BTS with ACUs 1–4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–3 S8000 Outdoor BTS: ACU climatic system diagram 1–5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–4 S8000 Outdoor BTS with DACS climatic system 1–7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–5 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Air circulation in the BTS with DACS or “LN” DACS 1–8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–6 S8000 Outdoor BTS with “LN” DACS climatic system 1–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–7 Control board of climatic system with “LN” DACS 1–12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–8 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Plinth diagram 1–15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–9 S8000 Indoor BTS: Base cabinet 1–17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–10 S8000 Indoor BTS: BCF cabinet 1–18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–11 S8002 BTS: Base cabinet layout 1–20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–12 S8006 BTS: Base cabinet layout 1–23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–13 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Base cabinet layout (with BCF) 1–30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–14 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Base cabinet layout (with CBCF) 1–31. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–15 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Extension cabinet layout 1–32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–16 S8000 Indoor BTS: Base cabinet layout 1–36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–17 S8000 Indoor BTS: BCF cabinet layout 1–39. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–18 S8000 Indoor BTS: BCF cabinet top view 1–40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–19 BCF back panel 1–42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–20 Localizing device 1–43. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–21 S8002 BTS layout 1–45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–22 S8006 BTS layout 1–48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–23 External battery cabinet for S8000 Outdoor BTS (type 1) 1–51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–24 External battery cabinet for S8000 Outdoor BTS (type 2) 1–52. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–25 S8000 Indoor BTS: Cabinet top 1–54. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–26 S8000/S8002/S8006 Outdoor: 75 ohms box type 1 1–55. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–27 S8000/S8002/S8006 Outdoor: 75 ohms box type 2 1–56. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–28 S8000/S8002/S8006 Outdoor BTS: PCM connection box 1–57. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–29 S8000/S8002/S8006 Outdoor BTS: –48 V connection box 1–58. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–30 External alarm connection box 1–59. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–31 Antenna connectors for various coupling systems (maximum configurations) 1–61. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–32 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Connector plates 1–62. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–33 S8000 Indoor BTS: External top connection kit 1–63. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–34 S8002 Outdoor BTS bulkhead plates 1–65. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of figures Nortel Networks ConfidentialxviPE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Figure 1–35 S8006 BTS: Connectors 1–65. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–36 S8000 Indoor/ Outdoor BTS interconnection panels 1–67. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–37 S8002 Outdoor interconnection panel 1–68. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–38 S8006 BTS: Interconnection panels 1–69. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–39 Transmission/reception diagram for a 1O2 configuration with duplexer coupling system 1–71. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–40 S8002 BTS: Cabling for a 1O2 configuration with duplexer coupling system 1–72. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–41 Transmission/reception diagram for a 1S211 configuration with duplexer coupling system 1–73. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–42 S8000 Outdoor BTS (base cabinet): Cabling for a 1S211 configuration with duplexer coupling system 1–74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–43 S8000 Indoor BTS: Cabling for a 1S211 configuration with duplexer coupling system 1–75. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–44 Transmission/reception for a S222 configuration with H2D coupling system 1–76. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–45 Transmission/reception for a 2S433 configuration with H2D coupling system 1–77. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–46 S8006 BTS: Cabling for a S222 configuration using H2D coupling system 1–78. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–47 S8000 Outdoor BTS (base cabinet): Cabling for a 2S433 configuration using H2D coupling system 1–79. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–48 S8000 Outdoor BTS (extension cabinet): Cabling for a 2S433 configuration using H2D coupling system 1–80. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–49 S8000 Indoor BTS: Cabling for a 2S433 configuration using H2D coupling system 1–81. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–50 Transmission/reception diagram for a 1O8 configuration using H2D coupling system and four antennas 1–82. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–51 S8000 Outdoor BTS (base cabinet): Cabling for a 1O8 configuration using H2D coupling system and four antennas 1–83. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–52 S8000 Indoor BTS: Cabling for a 1O8 configuration using H2D coupling system and four antennas 1–84. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–53 Transmission/reception diagram for a 1O8 configuration using H4D coupling system 1–85. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–54 S8000 Outdoor BTS (base cabinet): Cabling for a 1O8 configuration using H4D coupling system 1–86. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–55 S8000 Indoor BTS (base cabinet): Cabling for a 1O8 configuration using H4D coupling system 1–87. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–56 Transmission/reception diagram for 1O8 configuration using duplexer and cavity system coupling 1–88. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–57 S8000 Indoor BTS (base cabinet): Cabling for 1O8 configuration using duplexer and cavity coupling system 1–89. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of figuresNortel Networks Confidential xviiS8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualFigure 1–58 S8000 Indoor BTS (base cabinet): Cabling for a 2S444 configuration using duplexer and Tx–Filter coupling system 1–90. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–59 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Cabling for a 1S44 configuration using duplexer and Tx–Filter coupling system 1–91. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–60 S8000 Indoor BTS (base cabinet): Cabling for a 3S444–444 dual band configuration using H2D coupling system 1–92. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–61 S8000 Indoor BTS (extension cabinets): Cabling for a 3S444–444dual band configuration using H2D coupling system 1–93. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–62 S8000 Indoor BTS (base cabinet): Cabling for a 3S444–222 dual band configuration using D and H2D coupling system 1–94. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–63 S8000 Indoor BTS (extension cabinet): Cabling for a 3S444–222 dual band configuration using D and H2D coupling system 1–95. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–64 S8000 Indoor BTS (base cabinets): Cabling for a 3S666 configuration using D and H2D coupling system 1–96. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–65 S8000 Indoor BTS (extension cabinets): Cabling for a 3S666 configuration using D and H2D coupling system 1–97. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–66 Transmission/reception diagram for a 3S888 configuration using duplexer and cavity coupling system 1–98. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–67 S8000 Indoor BTS (base cabinet): Cabling for a 3S888 configuration using duplexer and cavity coupling system 1–99. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–68 S8000 Outdoor BTS: ac and dc cabling 1–101. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–69 S8000 Indoor BTS: ac and dc cabling 1–102. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–70 S8002 BTS: ac and dc cabling 1–103. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–71 S8006 BTS: ac and dc cabling 1–104. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–72 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Ground cabling 1–105. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–73 S8000 Indoor BTS: Ground cabling 1–106. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–74 S8002 BTS: Ground cabling 1–107. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–75 S8006 BTS: Ground cabling 1–108. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–76 S8000 Outdoor BTS: External alarm cabling 1–109. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–77 S8000 Indoor BTS: External alarm cabling (with CBCF) 1–110. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–78 S8000 Indoor BTS: External alarm cabling (with BCF) 1–111. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–79 S8006 BTS: External alarm cabling 1–112. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–80 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Internal alarm cabling 1–113. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–81 S8002 BTS: Alarm cabling 1–114. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–82 S8006 BTS: Alarm cabling 1–115. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–83 S8000 Indoor BTS: Internal alarm cabling 1–116. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–84 S8000 Outdoor BTS: PCM bus cabling 1–117. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–85 S8000 Indoor BTS: PCM bus and O&M bus cabling (with BCF) 1–118. . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–86 S8000 Outdoor BTS: O&M bus cabling (with BCF) 1–119. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of figures Nortel Networks ConfidentialxviiiPE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Figure 1–87 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Abis cabling 1–120. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–88 S8002 BTS: Abis and PCM bus cabling 1–121. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–89 S8006 BTS: Abis and PCM bus cabling 1–122. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–90 S8000 Indoor BTS with a cavity combiner: Specific cabling 1–123. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–91 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Batteries–BRC cabling without battery cabinet 1–124. . . . . . Figure 1–92 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Batteries–BRC cabling with battery cabinet 1–125. . . . . . . . . Figure 1–93 S8002 BTS: BRC cabling 1–126. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–94 S8000 Outdoor BTS: External cabling with external alarm and PCM modules 1–127. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–95 S8000 Outdoor BTS: External cabling with ALPRO–PRIPRO modules 1–128. . . . . Figure 1–96 S8002 BTS: External cabling 1–129. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–97 S8006 BTS: External cabling 1–130. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–98 S8000 Indoor BTS: External cabling 1–131. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–99 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Inter–cabinet cabling (with BCF) 1–132. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–100 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Inter–cabinet cabling (with CBCF) 1–133. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–101 S8000 indoor BTS: Inter–cabinet cabling (with BCF cabinet) 1–134. . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–102 S8000 Indoor BTS: Inter–cabinet cabling (with CBCF) 1–135. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–103 Single–phase AC box (GSM 900/1800) type 1 1–141. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–104 Single–phase AC box (GSM 900/1800) type 2 1–142. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–105 Tri–phase AC box (GSM 900/1800) type 1 1–143. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–106 Tri–phase AC box (GSM 900/1800) type 2 1–144. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–107 Tri–phase AC box (GSM 900/1800) type 3 1–145. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–108 Tri–phase AC box (GSM 900/1800) type 4 1–146. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–109 Split single–phase AC box (GSM 1900) type 1 1–147. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–110 Split single phase AC box (GSM 1900) type 2 1–148. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–111 Side view of inside of single–phase AC box, type 1 (GSM 900/1800) 1–150. . . . . . Figure 1–112 Side view of inside of single–phase AC box, type 2 (GSM 900/1800) 1–151. . . . . . Figure 1–113 Side view of inside of Tri–phase AC box, type 1 (GSM 900/1800) 1–152. . . . . . . . . Figure 1–114 Side view of inside of Tri–phase AC box, type 2 and 3 (GSM 900/1800) 1–153. . . . Figure 1–115 Side view of inside split single–phase AC box, type 1 (GSM 1900) 1–154. . . . . . . . Figure 1–116 Side view of tri–phase AC box, type 4 (GSM 900/1800) 1–155. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–117 Side view of inside of split single–phase AC box, type 2 (GSM 1900) 1–156. . . . . Figure 1–118 S8006 BTS: AC box front panel 1–157. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–119 S8006 BTS: AC box side view (GSM 1800) 1–158. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–120 S8000 Outdoor BTS: dc power supply diagram 1–159. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–121 S8006 BTS: dc power supply diagram 1–160. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of figuresNortel Networks Confidential xixS8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualFigure 1–122 S8000 Indoor BTS: dc power supply diagram 1–162. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–123 S8002 Outdoor BTS: dc power supply diagram 1–164. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–124 View of the S8002 single phase AC box 1–167. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1–125 View of the S8002 dual phase AC box 1–168. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–1 S8000 BTS: Power amplifier (type 1) 2–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–2 S8000 BTS: Power amplifier (type 2) 2–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–3 ALCO board functional diagram 2–7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–4 ALCO board 2–9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–5 RECAL board functional diagram 2–24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–6 RECAL board 2–27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–7 ALPRO board 2–44. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–8 F–type converter 2–49. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–9 Duplexer–only (D) RF combiner diagram 2–51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–10 H2D RF combiner diagram 2–52. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–11 H4D RF combiner diagram 2–53. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–12 Cavity combiner diagram 2–54. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–13 Duplexer–only (D) RF combiner 2–59. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–14 Two–way hybrid duplexer (H2D) RF combiner 2–60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–15 Four–way hybrid duplexer (H4D) RF combiner 2–61. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–16 Remote tunable cavity combiner: Front panel 2–64. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–17 Tx–Filter (TX–F) module 2–66. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–18 Tx–Filter (Tx–F) functional diagram 2–67. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–19 E1 PCMI board 2–70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–20 T1 PCMI board 2–71. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–21 GTW board diagram 2–77. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–22 GTW board 2–78. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–23 CSWM board diagram 2–82. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–24 CSWM board 2–83. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–25 DSC board 2–87. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–26 SYNC board 2–93. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–27 BCF converter 2–96. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–28 PSCMD board 2–98. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–29 S8006 BTS: CBCF module 2–102. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–30 S8000/S8002 BTS: CBCF module 2–103. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–31 CPCMI board functional diagram 2–106. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of figures Nortel Networks ConfidentialxxPE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Figure 2–32 CPCMI board 2–108. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–33 CPCMI board: hardware switches 2–110. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–34 CMCF board functional diagram 2–118. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–35 CMCF board 2–122. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–36 BCFICO board 2–129. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–37 CBP board 2–139. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–38 DRX module 2–148. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–39 e–DRX module 2–150. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–40 RX–splitter diagram 2–152. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–41 RX–splitter 2–153. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–42 Power system (six–rectifier type1) 2–158. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–43 Power system (six–rectifier type2) 2–159. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–44 Power system (seven–rectifier type) 2–162. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–45 DC cable termination load output protections 2–165. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–46 BRC location 2–169. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2–47 Battery remote controller diagram 2–170. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3–1 Subsystem architecture with BCF 3–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3–2 Subsystem architecture with CBCF 3–4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3–3 BCF architecture 3–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3–4 Organization of CSWM functions 3–11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3–5 GSM time bus synchronization 3–21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3–6 BCF/DRX Gateway (GTW) 3–23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3–7 CMCF board synchronization (full configuration) 3–26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3–8 Defense connectivity between the CMCF boards (full confguration) 3–28. . . . . . . Figure 3–9 DRX board: functional block diagram 3–32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3–10 AMNU functions 3–33. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3–11 DCU8 unit diagram 3–38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3–12 SPU reception functions 3–40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3–13 SPU transmission functions 3–40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3–14 Power slaving diagram 3–46. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3–15 e–DRX board: functional block diagram 3–51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3–16 Logic unit (e–LDRX): functionnal architecture 3–54. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3–17 Radio unit (e–RDRX): functional unit 3–60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4–1 Software functions (with BCF) 4–7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4–2 Software functions (with CBCF) 4–8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4–3 COAM architecture on the CBCF 4–13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5–1 Types of BTS connections 5–6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of tablesNortel Networks Confidential xxiS8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualTable 1–1 Setting of nominal internal temperature 1–11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 1–2 Setting of nominal internal temperature 1–25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 1–3 S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS: Boards required in various configurations 1–28. . . . . . Table 1–4 European single phase AC box 1–140. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 1–5 Triphase phase AC box 1–140. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–1 Voltage supply connector 2–4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–2 Data connector 2–5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–3 LEDs on the front panel of the ALCO board 2–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–4 ALCO board connectors 2–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–5 PCM PIN connections 2–11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–6 J64 pin connections 2–12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–7 INT pin connections 2–12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–8 O&M pin connections 2–13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–9 PWR pin connections 2–13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–10 PCM out pin connections 2–14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–11 EXT. P. pin connections (S8000 I/O BTS) 2–15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–12 EXT. NP. pin connections 2–16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–13 Debug. pin connections 2–16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–14 Internal alarms and INT. connector DALIs(S8000 Indoor BTS, base and extension cabinets) 2–18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–15 List of internal alarms and INT. connector DALIs(S8000 Outdoor BTS, base and extension cabinets) 2–20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–16 Unprotected external alarms (S8000 Indoor BTS, base and extension cabinets) 2–21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–17 Unprotected external alarms (S8000 Outdoor BTS, base and extension cabinets) 2–22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–18 User alarms 2–25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–19 LEDs on the front panel of the RECAL board 2–28. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–20 RECAL board connectors 2–29. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–21 PCM pin connections 2–30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–22 PCM out pin connections 2–31. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–23 Int. pin connections 2–32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–24 EXT. P pin connections 2–33. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–25 Ext. NP. pin connections 2–34. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–26 PWR pin connections 2–34. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–27 P0 (Debug) pin connections 2–35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–28 P1 (EPLD JTAG) port pin connections 2–35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of tables Nortel Networks ConfidentialxxiiPE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Table 2–29 List of alarms and INT0 connector DALIs(S8000 Indoor BTS, base and extension cabinets) 2–37. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–30 List of alarms and INT0 connector DALIs(S8000 Outdoor BTS, base and extension cabinets) 2–39. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–31 List of alarms and connector DALIs (S8002 BTS) 2–41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–32 Unprotected external alarms (S8000 Outdoor BTS, base and extension cabinets) 2–42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–33 ALPRO 25–pin connections 2–45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–34 ALPRO 10–pin connections 2–46. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–35 Output voltages and alarm signals connector 2–48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–36 Input voltages connector 2–48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–37 Content of RF combiner modules 2–50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–38 Amplifier pin connections 2–55. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–39 VSWR pin connections 2–62. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–40 PCMI switch settings 2–73. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–41 Connector settings 2–75. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–42 GTW test connector 2–79. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–43 Clock settings 2–84. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–44 RJ45 connector for ethernet 2–84. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–45 DB9 connector for J64 2–85. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–46 DB9 test connector 2–85. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–47 Test panel pin connections 2–88. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–48 BCF Converter 12–pin connector 2–95. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–49 TYAL jumper settings 2–99. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–50 CBCF module boards 2–100. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–51 Table mapping of BCF and CBCF boards and functions 2–101. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–52 Functions of CPCMI–E1 and CPCMI–T1 boards 2–105. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–53 LEDs on the front panel of the CPCMI board 2–107. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–54 CPCMI board: S3 switch 2–110. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–55 CPCMI board: S1 and S2 switches 2–111. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–56 CPCMI board connectors 2–113. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–57 Pin connections of the P11 connector 2–114. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–58 Pin connections of the P13 connector (Power) 2–115. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–59 Pin connections of the P10 connector (Debug) 2–115. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–60 Pin connections of the P9 connector (JTAG) 2–116. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–61 LEDs on the front panel of the CMCF Board 2–121. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–62 CMCF board connectors 2–123. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of tablesNortel Networks Confidential xxiiiS8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualTable 2–63 Pin connections of the TEST connector 2–124. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–64 Pin connections of the ETH connector 2–124. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–65 Pin connections of the J3 (BDM) connector 2–125. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–66 Pin connections of the J4 (JTAG) Connector 2–125. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–67 Pin connections of the P1 connector 2–126. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–68 Pin connections of the P2 connector 2–126. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–69 Pin connections of the P3 connector 2–127. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–70 Pin connections of the p4 (Power) connector 2–127. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–71 BCFICO board connectors 2–128. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–72 PCM0/1 pin connections 2–130. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–73 PCM2/3 pin connections 2–131. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–74 PCM4/5 pin connections 2–131. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–75 ABIS pin connections 2–132. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–76 PWR pin connections 2–132. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–77 RS232 pin connections 2–133. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–78 J2 pin connections 2–133. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–79 J4 pin connections 2–134. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–80 J6 pin connections 2–134. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–81 J7 pin connections 2–135. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–82 TEI Resistor coding on the switch register 2–136. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–83 TEI configuration 2–137. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–84 CMCF_A (Sign1A) pin connections 2–140. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–85 CMCF_A (Sign1B) pin connections 2–141. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–86 CMCF_A (Sign1C) pin connections 2–141. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–87 CMCF_B (Sign2A) pin connections 2–142. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–88 CMCF_B (Sign2B) pin connections 2–142. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–89 CMCF_B (Sign2C) pin connections 2–143. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–90 CPCMI_0 (Sign3) pin connections 2–143. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–91 CPCMI_1 (Sign 4) pin connections 2–144. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–92 CPCMI_2 (Sign 5) pin connections 2–144. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–93 BCFICO (Sign6A) pin connections 2–145. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–94 BCFICO (Sign6B) pin connections 2–145. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–95 BCFICO (Sign6C) pin connections 2–146. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–96 AL1, AL2, AL3, AL4, AL5, AL6 pin connections(Power voltage connectors) 2–146. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–97 Alarm connector 2–155. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of tables Nortel Networks ConfidentialxxivPE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Table 2–98 Monitoring connector 2–156. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–99 Table: J4 connector 2–163. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–100 Table: J5 connector 2–164. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–101 Table system indicators 2–166. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2–102 Table system indicators 2–167. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 3–1 BTS subsystems 3–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 3–2 BCF configurations 3–24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 4–1 BCF software product names 4–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 4–2 CBCF software product names 4–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 4–3 CBCF software product names 4–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 4–4 S8000 BTS: DRX AND e–DRX software product names 4–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 4–5 S8002 BTS: DRX software product names 4–4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 4–6 S8006 BTS: DRX software product names 4–5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 5–1 Dimensioning of radio and Abis interfaces 5–8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 5–2 Board dimensioning 5–9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 5–3 Various configurations with each coupling system 5–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

About this documentNortel Networks Confidential xxvS8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualABOUT THIS DOCUMENTThis document describes the S8000/S8002/S8006 Base Transceiver Station (BTS),which is a component in the Base Station Subsystem (BSS).ApplicabilityThis document applies to the V12 BSS system release.Precautionary messageThe following message:CAUTIONGSM–R specificIndicates that specific equipment and specific software (such asspecific software in the BSC) dedicated to Railway application isused and that therefore the feature is not available for all preliminaryGSM users.AudienceThis document is for operations and maintenance personnel, and other users whowant more knowledge of the BTS.PrerequisitesIt is recommended that the readers also become familiar with the followingdocuments:< 00 > : BSS Product Documentation Overview< 01 > : BSS OverviewReader should also refer to:< 07 > : BSS Operating Principles< 28 > : Site Preparation Guide< 39 > : BSS Maintenance Principles< 48 > : S8000 BTS Maintenance Manual< 84 > : S8002 BTS Maintenance Manual

About this document Nortel Networks ConfidentialxxviPE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12< 85 > : S8006 BTS Maintenance Manual< 124 > : BSS Parameter Dictionary< 125 > : Observation Counter Dictionary< 128 > : OMC–R User Manual – Volume 1 of 3: Object and Fault menus< 129 > : OMC–R User Manual – Volume 2 of 3: Configuration, Performance,and Maintenance menus< 130 > : OMC–R User Manual – Volume 3 of 3: Security, Administration,SMS–CB, and Help menusThe glossary is in the document < 00 >, BSS Product Documentation Overview.Related Document< 01 > : BSS OverviewHow this document is organizedChapter 1 describes the layout and content of the BTS cabinets as well as its cablingand power distribution.Chapter 2 describes the functions of BTS boards and modules and also describes thefront panel.Chapter 3 examines BTS architecture and describes the physical structure, focusingon the functional architecture of the subsystems.Chapter 4 lists BTS software entities and shows how they are installed on thehardware units.The factors governing BTS dimensioning are given in Chapter 5 with a view toselecting one of the BTS product lines given at the start of the section.Regulatory informationRefer to the NTP < 01 > BSS Overview.

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–1S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual1 CABINET DESCRIPTION1.1 Physical characteristics1.1.1 S8000 Outdoor BTS1.1.1.1 BTS cabinetPhysical characteristicsSee document < 01 >, BSS Overview.Operating temperatureTo operate correctly, the BTS requires a temperature greater than –40°C (–40°F)and less than +50°C (+122°F).Power supplySee document < 01 >, BSS Overview.The maximum power the cabinet can consume is 8500 W in worst case consumptionand in normal mode. This value does not take maintenance connectors and climaticunits currents into account.Autonomy of the internal batteryThe internal battery is an optional equipment located in the top compartment. Thebattery backup time depends on the configuration and the BTS equipment and hasa length of around half an hour to a few hours.1.1.1.2 Climatic systemThe climatic system controls the inside temperature of the cabinet. Low noise ornormal operation is available. It is located in the top compartment of the cabinet.The climatic system can either consist:in two Air Cooling Units: ACUs,or a Direct Ambient Cooling System: DACS or DACS “LN” (Low Noise).

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–2PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12With ACUsFigure 1–1 shows the S8000 Outdoor with an ACU climatic system.The top and main compartments communicate through main compartment air inletsand main compartment outlets (see Figure 1–2). The top compartment hasopenings on the cabinet front panel that allow air to enter the cooling units andopenings on the rear of the cabinet that allow the cooling units to fan air out of thecabinet.Each ACU includes a compressor (ac–powered), an evaporator, condenser coils andrefrigerant lines, external and internal air blowers, 1000W heater (resistance plateheater), digital controller, internal and ambient air temperature sensors, air filters,EMI filters, ac/dc rectifier/alarm board and circuit breakers.The internal temperature sensors are used to regulate the temperature inside thecabinet. They are located on the climatic units, at the opening enabling air to passfrom the main compartment to the top compartment. The ambient air temperaturesensors enable the PCU to cut its dc power supply when the thresholds are exceeded.These sensors are located above the BCF or CBCF compartment or below therectifiers.The external air blower is to circulate the outside air across a condenser to extractheat from the refrigerant and expel heat to the outside air. The internal air blowercirculates air through the BTS and over an evaporator to collect heat from theelectronics.There are six LEDs on the front side of each cooling unit. These LEDs indicate thealarms detected on the following type of failure (see Figure 1–3):CTRL (orange): The controller display is alarmed.FAN (orange): The fans for ambient air and internal equipment air are alarmed.Each airflow path contains sensors to measure the air blower speed for an airmover failure.HP (orange): The pressure inside the compressor is controlled to sense a high orlow pressure for a compressor failure.CS (green) : At cold start the LED comes on if the ACUs are well ac–powered.dc (green) : The dc breaker is alarmed.ac (green) : The ac breaker is alarmed.These LEDs are lit when healthy and off on alarm.

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–3S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualInternal batteries (optional)Top compartmentMaincompartmentClimatic system(2 ACUs)Air inletAir outletsAlarm LEDsController displayFigure 1–1 S8000 Outdoor BTS with ACU climatic system

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–4PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Climatic unit air outletsClimatic unitsTopcompartmentair inletsTopcompartmentair outletsBTS front panelFigure 1–2 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Air circulation in the BTS with ACUs

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–5S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualCoolingsystem Evaporationventilation Condensationventilation HeatingsystemAlarmac mainsAlarm48V dcClimatic unitALCOorRECALdc circuitbreakerPCU ac boxac circuitbreakerdc circuitbreaker withalarmac circuitbreaker withalarmClimatic unitcontrollerAlarmHigh temperaturethermostats Low temperaturethermostats48V dcAlarmac mainsFigure 1–3 S8000 Outdoor BTS: ACU climatic system diagram

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–6PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12On each cooling unit there is also a controller display (red 7–segment display) thatindicates the internal air temperature. This controller display has two LEDs :COOL/DELAY (red): lit when the internal air temperature reaches 40°C(104°F).HEAT (red): lit when the heater is on.Technical characteristicsThe ventilated air flow rate is 400 m3/hour (14.125 cubic feet/hour).The maximum temperature of output air is +70°C (158°F).With DACSFigure 1–4 shows the S8000 Outdoor with an DACS climatic system.The operating principle is the following:The air damper opens to admit external air (incoming air being filtered) andcontrols the inner cabinet environment by mixing appropriate amounts of outsideand recirculated air.The twin blowers drive air down the rear duct and into the equipment enclosurevia slots at the rear. Returned air to the cooling system is routed through two setsof holes in the base, with excess air being rejected from vents either located oneither side of the system (see Figure 1–5).The internal temperature control is achieved by a high quality thermistor having anaccuracy of ±0.2°C (32,36_F) between 0°C (32_F) and 70°C (158_F).This deviceis located in the left hand exit duct above a hole on the duct side ; this hole ensuresthat the thermistor is constantly in a moving air stream, regardless of damperposition. Cooling system operational mode is solely dictated by the informationprovided by the thermistor.There are four operational modes:Low temperature –40°C (–40°F) <Tcab <15°C (59°F)The heater is energised, the damper closed to the outside and air is recirculatedvia the holes in the base of the cooling system.Medium temperature 15°C (59°C) <Tcab <40°C (104°F)The heater is switch off, the damper remains closed and further heating of theequipment enclosure is achieved solely by the internal equipment loading.

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–7S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualInternal batteries (optional)Top compartmentMaincompartmentClimatic system(DACS)Air inletWindow foralarm LEDs Air outletAiroutletsFigure 1–4 S8000 Outdoor BTS with DACS climatic system

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–8PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Climatic unitair outletsClimatic unitBottom compartmentair inletsTop compartmentair outletBTS front panelClimatic unitair inletFigure 1–5 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Air circulation in the BTS with DACS or “LN” DACS

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–9S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualNormal temperature Tcab = 40°C (104°F)The damper position is controlled automatically by the modulating motor,mixing appropriate amounts of recirculated and external air to maintain aconstant temperature. Excess air is rejected from the cooling system from ventseither side of the cooling system.High temperature Tcab > 40°C (104°F)Although the damper is fully open, the cooling system is unable to keep thecabinet temperature to 40°C (104°F) which now rises in sympathy with theexternal temperature. At an outside temperature of 50°C (122°F), the internalcabinet will rise to a nominal 60°C (140°F) under fully loaded conditions.The cooling system is supplied:with two hard alarm outputs:•The first alarm output signals a fault on the cooling system,•The second one indicates a maintenance requirement for the filter.three alarm LEDs for on–site fault diagnostics:•The red LED indicates critical alarm for fan failure.•The yellow LED indicates critical alarm for heater circuit failure.•The green LED indicates maintenance alarm for clogged filter.On the top of the cooling system, there is a window in the lid which allows toview the LEDs (see Figure 1–4). They are normally on when healthy and off onalarm.The cooling system is DC powered that allows internal or external battery back–up.The dc power consumption of the cooling system is 400–450W. The cold start–upperformance of the unit is controlled by an inbuilt ac to dc converter (for operationof the fans) and by a 2.5 kW heating element.With “LN” (Loise Noise) DACSFigure 1–6 shows the S8000 Outdoor with an ”LN” DACS climatic system.The operating principle is the following:The air damper opens to admit external air (incoming air being filtered) andcontrols the inner cabinet environment by mixing appropriate amounts of outsideand recirculated air.The twin blowers drive air down the rear duct and into the equipment enclosurevia slots at the rear. Returned air to the cooling system is routed through two setsof holes in the base, with excess air being rejected from vents either located oneither side of the system (see Figure 1–5).

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–10PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12CubicleOutlet ventDACS unitHoodPlinth (optional)Figure 1–6 S8000 Outdoor BTS with “LN” DACS climatic system

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–11S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualWith “LN” DACS two operating modes of the twin blowers are available:full speed modecontrol speed mode. In this mode:•if the temperature is > 45°C (113°F), the blowers run at full speed (2500 rpm).•if the temperature is ≤ 45°C (113°F), the blowers run at slow speed(1800 rpm).The full speed mode or control speed mode is selected by switches located on thecontrol board (see Figure 1–7).The temperature control is achieved by two high quality thermistor having anaccuracy of ±0.2°C (32,36_F) between 0°C (32_F) and 70°C (158_F):One is located in the left hand exit duct above a hole on the duct side. This holeensures that the thermistor is constantly in a moving air stream, regardless ofdamper position.The other one is located behind the air inlet, and measures the ambiant airtemperature.Cooling system operational mode is solely dictated by the information provided bythe thermistor.The nominal internal operating temperature (Ts) is set by switches (see Table 1–1)located on the control board (see Figure 1–7).The factory presetting temperature is 35°C (95_F).Choice of nominal internal operatingtemperature (Ts) Blower speedcontrol NominalinternaloperatingSwitch (SW1/1) Switch (SW1/2) Switch (SW1/3)operatingtemperature(Ts)OFF ON ON(for full speed) +35°C(+ 95°F)ON ON ON(for full speed) +25°C(+ 77°F)Table 1–1 Setting of nominal internal temperatureCooling system operational mode is solely dictated by the information provided bythe thermistor.

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–12PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12SW1LED1 LED2 LED3OFF123Alarm LEDsFigure 1–7 Control board of climatic system with “LN” DACS

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–13S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualThere are four operational modes:Low temperature –40°C (–40°F) <Tcab <15°C (59°F)The heater is energised, the damper closed to the outside and air is recirculatedvia the holes in the base of the cooling system.Medium temperature 15°C (59°C) <Tcab < TsThe heater is switched off, the damper remains closed and further heating of theequipment enclosure is achieved solely by the internal equipment loading.Normal temperature Tcab = TsThe damper position is controlled automatically by the modulating motor,mixing appropriate amounts of recirculated and external air to maintain aconstant temperature. Excess air is rejected from the cooling system from ventseither side of the cooling system.High temperature Tcab > TsAlthough the damper is fully open, the cooling system is unable to keep thecabinet temperature to Ts which now rises in sympathy with the externaltemperature. At an outside temperature of 50°C (122°F), the internal cabinet willrise to a nominal 60°C (140°F) under fully loaded conditions.The cooling system is monitored by:two hard alarm outputs:•The first alarm output signals a fault on the cooling system,•the second one indicates a maintenance requirement for the filter.three alarm LEDs for on–site fault diagnostics.•The red LED indicates critical alarm for fan failure.•The yellow LED indicates critical alarm for heater circuit failure.•The green LED indicates maintenance alarm for clogged filter.On the top of the cooling system, there is a window in the lid which allows toview the LEDs (see Figure 1–4). They are normally on when healthy and off onalarm.The cooling system is DC powered that allows internal or external battery back–up.The dc power consumption of the cooling system is 400–450W. The cold start–upperformance of the unit is controlled by an inbuilt ac to dc converter (for operationof the fans) and by a 2.5 kW heating element.

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–14PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V121.1.1.3 PlinthThe S8000 Outdoor BTS cabinet can be installed on a plinth (see Figure 1–8)allowing for cable passage. The plinth characteristics are described indocument < 01 >, BSS Overview.The plinth may contain the external alarm connection box, the PCM connection boxand the –48 V DC connection box.These boxes are screwed into the inside of the plinth.

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–15S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualNote: One of the five–hole plates is replaced with a two–hole plate when there is an extensioncabinet.Figure 1–8 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Plinth diagram

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–16PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V121.1.2 S8000 Indoor BTS1.1.2.1 Base cabinetThe S8000 Indoor BTS with BCF cabinet can be wall–mounted, or put on the floor.The base cabinet is shown in Figure 1–9.Physical characteristicsSee document < 01 >, BSS Overview.Operating temperatureWhen the base cabinet is turned on, the external ambient air temperature must bebetween 0°C (32°F) and 45°C (113°F).Once in operation, the base cabinet requires an external ambient air temperatureabove –5°C (23°F) and below 45°C (113°F).Power supplySee document < 01 >, BSS Overview.ConsumptionThe maximum power consumption of the base cabinet is 2080W.1.1.2.2 BCF cabinetThe BCF cabinet can be wall–mounted or put on a support device and must not beplaced further than 10 m (33’2’’) away from the base cabinet. The BCF cabinet isshown in Figure 1–10.

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–17S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualDC connectionFilterVentilation gridRadio outputALPRO boardsClimatic unitFigure 1–9 S8000 Indoor BTS: Base cabinet

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–18PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Figure 1–10 S8000 Indoor BTS: BCF cabinet

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–19S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualPhysical characteristicsSee document < 01 >, BSS Overview.Operating temperatureWhen it is turned on, the BCF Cabinet requires an external ambient air temperaturebetween 0°C (32°F) and 45°C (113°F).Once in operation, the BCF Cabinet requires an external ambient air temperatureabove –5°C (23°F) and below 45°C (113°F).Power supplySee document < 01 >, BSS Overview.ConsumptionThe BCF cabinet maximum power consumption is 80 W.

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–29S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual1.2 Cabinet compartment layout1.2.1 S8000 Outdoor BTSThe base cabinet and the extension cabinet are divided into three parts(Figure 1–13 to Figure 1–15):top compartmentleft sideright sideThe layout of the equipment in the base and extension cabinets is identical in thetop compartment and on the left side.The cabinet layout on the right side of the base and extension cabinets is different.In the base cabinet, the BCF or CBCF is located in the BCF or CBCF Compartment.In the same compartment of the extension cabinet, a filling plate replaces the BCFor CBCF.1.2.1.1 Top compartmentThe top compartment opens by means of a cover on the top of the cabinet. The frontof the cabinet is perforated to allow air to circulate. The top compartment has twoor three elements: the optional battery box and the climatic system (the DACS, ortwo ACUs).1.2.1.2 Compartment on the left sideUser compartmentThis compartment is available for Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). Formore information, refer to the documentation provided by the equipmentmanufacturer.For GSM 1800 frequency bands, Nortel has developed RW Series M productswhose reference to the document is the following: 840–900201–002. The userinterconnection compartment is optional. It is required only when a user kit or a–48 V connection box is used.PA interconnection compartmentThe PA interconnection compartment centralizes the –48 V dc power supply of thePower Amplifiers (PA).Amplifier and alarm compartmentThe amplifier and alarm compartment receives up to eight Power Amplifiers (PA)and the Alarm Collecting unit (ALCO or RECAL). The ALCO or RECAL boardis connected to one or two external alarm protection boards (ALPRO), locatedoutside the cabinet.

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–30PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12PAPAPAPAPAPAPAPAALCODRXDRXDRXDRXDRXDRXDRXDRXClimatic system BatterycompartmentUsercompartmentPA interconnectionsF–typeconvertersCombiner interconnections(COMICO)ac boxDRX (*) interconnectionsPower SystemcompartmentRF combiner and Tx-Filtercompartment (**)PCMI5V/12A5V/12A5V/12APSCMDPCMIPCMIGTWGTWCSWMCSWMDSCDSCDSCDSCSYNCSYNCBCF, ALCO andUSER fusesUserintercon-nections(*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)Left side Right sideRX-splittersTopcompartmentBCFDoor switchNote: (*) DRX or e–DRX.(**) The Tx-Filter module is optional.Figure 1–13 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Base cabinet layout (with BCF)

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–31S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualPAPAPAPAPAPAPAPARECALClimatic system BatterycompartmentUsercompartmentPA interconnectionsF–typeconvertersCombiner interconnections(COMICO)ac boxDRX (*) interconnectionsPower SystemcompartmentRF combiner and Tx-Filtercompartment (**)CBCFCBCF, RECAL andUSER fusesUserintercon-nectionsLeft side Right sideRX-splittersDRXDRXDRXDRXDRXFilling plateDRXTopcompartmentDoor switchDRXDRX(*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)Note: (*) DRX or e–DRX.(**) The Tx-Filter module is optional.Figure 1–14 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Base cabinet layout (with CBCF)

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–32PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Climatic system BatterycompartmentUsercompartmentPA interconnectionsPAPAPAPAF–typeconvertersCombiner interconnections(COMICO)ac boxPAPAPAPARECAL(***)DRX (*) interconnectionsPower SystemcompartmentRF combiner and Tx-Filtercompartment (**)Filling plateRECAL and USER fusesUserintercon-nectionsLeft side Right sideRX–splittersTopcompartmentDoor switch(***) When the BCF is used:S the ALCO board replaces the RECAL boardS the ALCO fuse replaces the RECAL fuse.DRXDRXDRXDRXDRXDRXDRXDRX(*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)Note: (*) DRX or e–DRX.(**) The Tx-Filter module is optional.Figure 1–15 S8000 Outdoor BTS: Extension cabinet layout

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–33S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualF–type converterA converter, called F–type converter, supplies ± 15 V dc to the LNA–splitter andthe VSWR–meter.A second F–type converter is available as an option.RF Combiner and Tx–Filter compartmentThe RF Combiner and Tx–Filter compartment can hold a maximum of either of thefollowing combination of modules:six RF Combiner modules, duplexer–only (D)six RF Combiner modules, two–way hybrid duplexer (H2D)three RF Combiner modules, four–way hybrid duplexer (H4D)four RF Combiner modules, duplexer–only (D) and four Tx–Filter modules(TxF)The D, H2D, and H4D RF Combiner modules perform the following functions:transmission coupling of two, three, or four channelsfiltering and duplexing of transmission and reception signals on the sameantenna portamplification of reception signalsmonitoring of the antenna VSWR (option)The Tx–Filter performs the following functions:filtering of transmission signalsmonitoring of the antenna VSWR (option)Combiner interconnection compartment (COMICO)The COMICO is the interconnection board for the modules of the RF Combinercompartment that centralizes inputs/outputs on the alarms and the power supplies.1.2.1.3 Compartment on the right sideBCF or CBCF CompartmentThe BCF or CBCF Compartment of the base cabinet contains a fuse panel and a BCFunit or CBCF Module.The following BCF boards are visible and accessible in the front panel of the BCFCompartment:three PCM Interface boards (PCMI)two Gateway boards (GTW)two Control, Switching and Management boards (CSWM)

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–34PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12four Data Signaling Concentration boards (DSC)two synchronization boards (SYNC)three 48 V / ±5 V / 12A converters (one converter is optional)one Power Sypply Command board (PSCMD)Two CBCF boards are visible on the front panel of the CBCF module:Compact Main Common Function (CMCF)Compact PCMI (CPMI)The fuse panel in the base cabinet contains three fuses:4A–fuse to protect the BCF unit or CBCF Module1A–fuse to protect the alarm collecting board (ALCO or RECAL)10A–fuse to protect the user compartmentSince there is no BCF or CBCF in the extension cabinet, a filling plate occupies theplace of these units.The fuse panel in the extension cabinet contains only two fuses: a 1A fuse for thealarm collecting board and a 10A–fuse for the user compartment.DRX (or e–DRX) interconnection compartmentThe interconnection compartment centralizes DRX (or e–DRX) outputs. It connectsthe modules to the Power Amplifiers (PA) on the one hand, and interconnects themby means of the FH bus, on the other.DRX (or e–DRX) compartmentThe compartment receives up to eight modules.RX–splitter compartmentThe RX–splitter compartment receives up to six RX–splitters, which receive RFsignals from the LNA splitter and distribute them to the DRXs (or e–DRXs) RXinputs.Power system compartmentThe power system compartment may be configured according to two types:The first type is a Power Controller Unit (PCU) and up to six 600W rectifiers(one of them redundant) which convert Mains Voltage to –48 V dc to be used inthe cabinet. According to the number of DRXs (or e–DRXs) per cell, the numberof rectifiers may be decreased.The other type is an integrated power system including a Controller Module, aDistribution Module and up to seven 500W rectifiers (one of them redundant).

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–35S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manualac boxThis box is located on the right–hand side of the right–hand part of the cabinet. Itreceives the mains voltage and distributes it to the power system compartment andto the cooling system. The PCU only controls the dc supply. ac supply connects tothe back panel that is common for all rectifiers.In the extension cabinet, a filling plate replaces the BCF. On left of this filling platethere are two fuses.1.2.2 S8000 Indoor BTS1.2.2.1 Base cabinetThe compartment layout of the base cabinet is presented in Figure 1–16.Cabinet topThe cabinet top (see Figure 1–25) can hold a maximum of two ALPRO modules.An ALPRO module consists of an ALPRO board, a protection cover, and aninterconnection plate.The fan grid in the upper panel is an air outlet. Radio outputs, the cabling with theseparate BCF Cabinet (if applicable) and the cabinet power supply are achievedfrom the top of the cabinet.Combiner interconnection (COMICO) compartmentThis compartment consists of an interconnection board for the combinercompartment modules, which centralizes inputs/outputs on the alarms and thepower supplies.RF combiner and Tx–Filter compartmentThe RF Combiner and Tx–Filter compartment can hold a maximum of either of thefollowing combination of modules:six RF Combiner modules of the duplexer only type (D)six RF Combiner modules of the two–way hybrid duplexer type (H2D)three RF Combiner modules of the the four–way hybrid duplexer type (H4D)four RF Combiner modules of the duplexer only type (D) and four Tx–Filtermodules (TxF)one RF Combiner Module of eight–way cavity combiner and two duplexers

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–36PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12PADRX interconnections (*)RF combiner and Tx–Filtercompartment (**)Combiner interconnections(COMICO)F–typeconvertersPA interconnectionsRECAL(***)PAPAPAPAPAPAPADRXDRXDRXdc compartmentDRXDRXDRXDRXDRXCBCF(***)(*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)RX–splittersTo BCF cabinet (if applicable***)Ventilation system(***) When the BCF cabinet is used:•the ALCO board replaces the RECAL board• a filling plate replaces the CBCF module.Note: (*) DRX or e–DRX.(**) The Tx-Filter module is optional.Figure 1–16 S8000 Indoor BTS: Base cabinet layout

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–37S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualThe RF Combiner modules perform the following functions:transmission coupling of the channelsfiltering and duplexing of transmission and reception signals on the sameantenna portamplification of reception signalsmonitoring of the antenna VSWR (option)The Tx–Filter performs the following functions:filtering of transmission signalsmonitoring of the antenna VSWR (option)dc compartmentThis compartment contains four switches to disconnect the power supply to thePower Amplifiers, the fans, the ALCO or RECAL board and the BCF or the CBCF.The compartment also contains an F–type converter, which supplies ± 15 V dc tothe LNA–splitter and the VSWR–meter. A second F–type converter is available asan option.PA interconnection compartmentThis compartment centralizes the –48 V dc power supply of the Power Amplifiers(PA).Power Amplifier and alarm compartmentThis compartment contains:one to eight power amplifiers (PAs)one ALCO or RECAL boardIt is possible to connect the ALCO or RECAL board to one or two external alarmprotection boards (ALPRO) located on top of the base cabinet.DRX (or e–DRX) interconnection compartmentThis compartment centralizes DRX (or e–DRX) outputs. It connects them to thePower Amplifiers (PA) on the one hand , and interconnects them by means of theFH bus, on the other.DRX (or e–DRX) and CBCF CompartmentThis compartment contains a maximum of eight modules.The CBCF module is located in the far right of this compartment. A filling platereplaces the CBCF when the BCF is used.RX–splitter compartmentThis compartment contains up to six RX–splitters, which receive data signals fromthe units in the coupler compartment and distributes them to the DRXs (ore–DRXs).

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–38PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Climatic compartmentThis compartment contains three fans, and the FANICO board (FANICO PCB–Printed Circuit Board). One fan is optional and is used to ensure redundancy. Thisboard enables the control of the rotation of each fan and sends an alarm (one for eachfan) to the ALCO or RECAL board when the fan speed goes below a fixed threshold.1.2.2.2 BCF cabinetThe layout of the BCF cabinet is presented in Figure 1–17 and Figure 1–18.Upper compartmentThis compartment contains three fans and a FANICO board (identical to the one inthe radio cabinet). Rotation management alarms are sent to the ALCO board.There are three 800mA–fuses on the front panel of the BCF to protect the fans.Lower compartmentThis compartment contains the following BCF boards:three PCMI boardstwo gateway boards (GTW)two control and switching units (CSWM)four data signaling concentration units (DSC)two synchronization modules (SYNC)three 48 V / ± 5 V / 12 A converters (one converter is optional)one Power Supply CoMmanD unit (PSCMD).There is a 4A–fuse on the front panel to the left of the BCF board to protect itself.

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–39S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualFANICO PrintedCircuit BoardTo base cabinetFuse(F800mA, H250V) FansPSCMD5V/12A 5V/12A5V/12AF014ABCFPCMIPCMIPCMIGTWGTWCSWMCSWMDSCDSCDSCDSCSYNCSYNCUppercompartmentLowercompartmentFigure 1–17 S8000 Indoor BTS: BCF cabinet layout

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–40PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12GND–48V 0VO&M0/1O&M2/3O&M4/5PCM0/1BCF-ALARMABISPCM4/5PCM2/3GNDGND–48V 0VRearFrontConnectors Ventilation gridFansFigure 1–18 S8000 Indoor BTS: BCF cabinet top view

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–41S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualBack panelThe BCF back panel connects the switching part of the BTS. It provides connectionsfor the BCF boards (see Figure 1–19). It receives the external PCMs from the BSC(A–bis interface) and the six private PCMs from the BTS. It also distributes theO&M bus, its own alarms and the 48 V power supply of the ALCO board.The BCF back panel has the following connectors:A 37–pin female connector receives the six PCMs of the A–bis interface.Three 25–pin female connectors distribute the O&M bus.Three 25–pin female connectors each distribute two private PCMs.A 3–pin connector is used for power supply.A 4–pin connector distributes converter alarms to the ALCO unit.Thirty 96–pin male connectors connect the P1 and P2 connectors of thefollowing units: PCMI, DSC, PSU, CSWM, GTW, and SYNC.Thirteen 8–pin male connectors supply the units connected to the back–panel.The BCF back panel also connects PCM termination resistors in order to reduceradioelectric transmission and prevent end–of–line multiple reflection problems.The P2 connectors are equipped with a localizing device that prevents the insertionof a board into the wrong slot. This is done by means of cells on the back–panel thatare blocked and tabs that are cut out on the board connectors (see Figure 1–20).The BCF back panel has only one ground. No distinction is made between logicalground and physical ground. For units that use this distinction, the mechanicalground is connected to the logical ground.However, the reference 0 V of the –48 V power supply (M0 V) is not connected tothe back–panel ground.The –48 V dc power is protected by fuses.

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–42PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12PCMI0PCMI1PCMI2GTWAGTWBCSWMACSWMBDSC1DSC2DSC3DSC0SYNCASYNCBPSU0PSU1PSU2PSCMDOMBout2OMBout1OMBout0PCMP2PCMP1PCMP0ABIS48 V(–)GNDM48 V(+)ALARMKey : OMBoutX: O&M output connector No. XPCMPX: Private PCM connector No. XFigure 1–19 BCF back panel

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–43S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualP2 P2 P2 P2 P2137PCMI DSC CSWM GTW SYNC56Figure 1–20 Localizing device

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–136PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V121.4 Power supply1.4.1 S8000 OutdoorThe power system supplies 48 V dc power to the units in the cabinet from the mainspower supply.1.4.1.1 DescriptionThe power system can have the following configurations:for the S8000 Outdoor BTS:•an ac box, a Power Controller Unit (PCU), a set of 600W rectifier units (SRU)and a set of batteries•an ac box, a Controller Module, a set of 500W Rectifiers, a DistributionModule and a set of batteriesThe controller module and distribution module make up the PCU.The PCU connects the rectifiers to the cabinet units and to the batteries (only forS8000 Outdoor BTS).In this section, the SRU refers to both types of rectifier sets.The PCU can be connected to a set of several rectifiers whose outputs are connectedin parallel:for S8000 Outdoor BTS:•either a set of two to six 600W rectifiers (one for redundancy)•or a set of two to seven 500W rectifiers (one for redundancy)Only for the S8000 Outdoor BTS, the PCU is connected to the batteries locatedeither inside or outside the cabinet. It has four separate outputs (outputs 1 to 4) thatsupply the cabinet utilizations.There are two types of battery units:internal batteries mounted on the top of the cabinet, which consist of four12 V dc batteries in series (one string)external batteries located in the external battery cabinet, and configured in amaximum of four strings. Each string consists of four 12V dc batteries in series;the four strings being connected in parallel.

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–137S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualPCU functionsTwo types of PCUs are available, depending on the converter type. These two PCUtypes have the same functions but are tied to their own rectifiers.The PCU has the following functions:It connects the SRU to the batteries (only for the S8000 Outdoor BTS). When therectifiers are no longer running, the batteries can supply the PCU outputsaccording to the option chosen, the choice being by front panel wiring:•option 1: two of the four PCU outputs are supplied•option 2: the four PCU outputs are powered (this is mandatory in the case ofexternal batteriesIt generates four 54 V dc outputs (outputs 1 to 4) for supply of the cabinet boards.It receives the alarms from the rectifiers.It receives an analog signal from the temperature probe located on the batteries(internal or external) and sends a signal to the SRU to adjust rectifier outputvoltage inversely to battery temperature (floating voltage).It generates a disconnection of its four load outputs depending on the signalreceived from two ambient temperature probes (one is located at the top of thecabinet, the other at the bottom).PCU connections with the SRUThe SRUs, connected in parallel, are connected to the PCU by means of thefollowing inputs/outputs:54 V (+) and 54 V(–)dc fault (alarm)ac fault (alarm)overtemperature (alarm)missing module (alarm)floating voltage controlremote controlload sharePCU connections with the batteries (only for the S8000 Outdoor BTS)The batteries are connected to the PCU by means of the following inputs/outputs:54 V (–) internal batteries54 V (–) external batteries54 V (+) internal and external batteries(+) and (–) of the temperature probe of the internal batteries(+) and (–) of the temperature probe of the external batteries

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–138PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Interface between the PCU and the ALCO or RECAL boardThe following signals are the interface between the PCU and the ALCO or RECALboard:Load1 threshold (PCU internal alarm, also sent to ALCO or RECAL)PCU protective devices (PCU internal alarm, also sent to ALCO or RECAL)battery on discharge (alarm) available only for the S8000 Outdoor BTSdc fault (alarm)ac fault (alarm)overtemperature (alarm).The following signal carries out the control:CEATS 1 (Cabinet Extreme Ambient Temperature Signal).The following cables are not connected:Load2 threshold (PCU internal alarm, also sent to ALCO or RECAL)missing module (alarm)remote control (used to cut the 48 V dc and switch to batteries)common alarms.Battery operation of boards in the cabinet (only for the S8000 Outdoor BTS)The PCU enables the cabinet to run on either internal or external batteries(connection of the internal or external batteries is carried out manually, and it is notpossible to connect both types simultaneously). Two operating options are possible.option 1:•When the internal or external batteries are connected to the system, the SRUpowers all the outputs and, if necessary, supplies power to the batteries(charging phase).•If the SRU is not supplying any power, the internal or external batteriesenergize output 4 (BCF, user equipment and ALCO or RECAL board).option 2:•When the external batteries are connected (in which case the internal batteriesare disconnected manually), the SRU energizes all the outputs and, ifnecessary, supplies power to the batteries (charging phase).•If the SRU is not supplying any power, the external or internal batteriesenergize all the outputs.When the SRU, for any reason, stops supplying dc voltage, the batteries are the onlypossible dc power supply.

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–139S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualHowever, battery output voltages decrease over time.So, when the battery output voltage reaches the first Load1 threshold, the PCU cutsoff power supply to the boards in the cabinet which are connected to outputs 1 and3. An alarm signal is generated on the Load1 threshold output.If the battery output voltage continues to decrease and reaches the second Load2threshold, the PCU cuts off power supply to the boards in the cabinet which areconnected to outputs 2 and 4.The Load2 threshold is the minimum permissible voltage at battery output:typical value of Load1 threshold: 45 V (±2%)typical value of Load2 threshold: 42 V (±2%)If the SRU recovers power supply, the batteries are charging. When voltage is equalto 50.7 V, the PCU reconnects the cabinet boards with its four outputs.AlarmsAlarm signals from the rectifiers in the energy subrack are concentrated in 3 singlesignals determined by logic OR:ac fault alarmdc fault alarmovertemperature alarmExtreme temperature signals from the CEATS 1A short circuit between the two CEATS 1 pins of the HOST interface connectorcauses the disconnection of all outputs connected to the rectifiers and to the batteries(only for the S8000 Outdoor BTS), and the generation of the Load1 alarm signal.From –40°C (–40°F) to 0°C (32°F), the rectifiers accept the mains voltage withoutdeterioration, but do not function.

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1–161S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual1.4.2 S8000 Indoor BTSFigure 1–122 shows the dc power supply distribution. Two filters protect the dcdistribution input against conducted emission. The dc power supply feeds the dccompartment where four outputs come out to the following equipment groups:the eight power amplifiers and the two F–type converters, through the poweramplifier interconnection modulethe three fans, through the fan interconnection modulethe eight DRXs (or e–DRXs), through the DRX interconnection modulethe BCF or CBCFthe ALCO or RECAL boardThe dc compartment houses four breakers that allow to disconnect the powering ofthese equipment groups.The dc distribution for each group uses three cables:+0 V dc–48 V dcground

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1–162PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12PA_ICO FANICO DRX_ICO8 poweramplifiers 2 F–typeconverters 3 fans 8 DRXs (*)dc input50AbreakerEMI filters2.5Abreaker 5Abreaker10Abreakerdc compartmentFuse 10AFuse 10AFuse 10AFuse 10AFuse 800mAFuse 800mAFuse 800mAFuse 2AFuse 2AFuse 4ALegend:PA–ICO : Power Amplifier interconnectionFAN–ICO : Fan interconnectionDRX–ICO : DRX (*) interconnectionBCForCBCFALCOorRECALBCF orCBCFNote:(*) DRX or e–DRXFigure 1–122 S8000 Indoor BTS: dc power supply diagram

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–1S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual3 ARCHITECTURE3.1 Physical architecture3.1.1 IntroductionThis chapter provides an overview of the BTS physical architecture. BTScomponents are described in detail in Chapters 1 to 5.3.1.2 SubsystemsThe BTS contains three main subsystems (see Figure 3–1 and Figure 3–2):one BCF (Cabinet or Unit) or one CBCF Moduleone TRX subsystemone coupling systemThe content of each subsystem is listed in Table 3–1.3.1.3 Internal busesThe following buses, which connect BTS components, are described in this section:Frequency hopping (FH) busPrivate PCMGSM Time busInternal PCM busO&M busNote: The GSM Time bus, Internal PCM bus, and O&M bus are only used withthe BCF Unit.Figure 3–1 shows the internal buses used with the BCF Unit and Figure 3–2shows the buses used with the CBCF Module.

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–2PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Subsystem Contents*Base Common Function (BCF) Cabinet or Unit ** •Control and Switching Module (CSWM)•Data Signalling Concentration board (DSC)•PCM Interface board (PCMI)•Synchronization board (SYNC)•Alarm Collecting board (ALCO)•Gateway (GTW)Compact BCF (CBCF) Module ** •Compact PCM Interface board (CPCMI)•Compact Main Common Function board(CMCF)•Remote Control Alarm (RECAL) board•BCF Interconnection board (BCFICO)•CBCF Back Panel (CBP)TRX •Driver and Receiver unit (DRX or e–DRX)•Power Amplifier (PA)Coupling system •RF Combiner Module(s) of the followingtypes:– Duplexer (D)– Hybrid Two–way (H2D)– Hybrid Four–way (H4D)– Tx Filter(s) (TxF)– eight–way cavity combiner (CC8)•Rx Splitter(s)•LNA Splitter* The number of boards or modules are not indicated and depend on theconfiguration of a site.** The BTS contains a BCF or a CBCF.Table 3–1 BTS subsystems3.1.3.1 FH busThe FH bus links together all logical DRXs (or e–DRXs)The FH bus and the transmitters connected to it ensure the function of frequencyhopping and the filling of the BCCH frequency.The FH bus is a V11 (series) bus. It is one-way and carries the signals according tothe RS485 standard.

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–3S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualGTWCSWMPCMIDSCSYNCALCOFH busGATEWAYInternalPCM busO&M busGSMTIMEbusBCFPADRX LogicpartTRXDRX RadiopartDRX (*)Transmitter couplersubsystemReception couplersubsystemPrivate PCMsPrivate PCMsNote: (*) DRX or e–DRX.Figure 3–1 Subsystem architecture with BCF

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–4PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12PATRXDRX (**)DRX LogicpartCPCMI CMCFCBCF (*)Private PCMRECALDRX RadiopartPrivatePCMsNote: (*) The two interconnection boards of the CBCF module (BCFICO and CBP) are not shown.(**) DRX or e–DRX.FH busPrivate PCMsExternal PCMsTransmitter couplersubsystemReception couplersubsystemFigure 3–2 Subsystem architecture with CBCF

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–5S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualEach message is transmitted in synchronization with the 4Fbit clock and includesthe following:the system time in six bytes (flag included)the address of the DRX (or e–DRX) that transmits the information in one bytethe code of the send frequency on 10 bitsthe send power commands in one bytethe NRZ message of the send data in 19 bytesUp to 16 transmitters can be connected to this bus.For multi–cell sites, all the cells can be connected onto a single FH bus or there maybe one FH bus per cell, depending on the capacity of the site.3.1.3.2 Private PCMUp to six private PCMs transport data between the DRXs (or e–DRXs) and the BCFunit or CBCF Module. Each Private PCM supports up to four DRXs (or e–DRXs).Each Private PCM has a 64 kbit/s time slot (TS) distributed to all DRXs (ore–DRXs) and carries the GSM TIME signal (TS31).Each private PCM allocates the following time slots (TS) for each DRX (ore–DRX):three TSs (64 kbit/s logical channels) of transparent data (traffic/signaling)one TS (64 kbit/s logical channel) processed by the gateway for the O&Mchannel, an adaptation of the O&M bus of the CSWM cardA group of six TSs, three of which are used, is allocated to each DRX (or e–DRX),as follows:Traffic Traffic O&M TXOML/RSL1 2 3 45 6TS 0 of the Private PCM is reserved for tests and supports no transmission channel.A 4.096 MHz clock, slaved to the 4Fbit clock of the synchronization board, is usedfor bit synchronization of the Private PCM.The O&M channelThe O&M channel, not availabale with the COAM version of the BTS, is carriedby a TS of the private PCM and supports O&M data of the TXs. It is a duplextwo–way channel. Each TX has its own O&M channel, present on the only privatePCM that links the TX to the gateway.

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–6PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12The private PCM TS number of the O&M channel of a DRX (or e–DRX) isunvarying in a given gateway configuration. This TS number acts as the DRX (ore–DRX) address for the gateway/DRX (or e–DRX) link.O&M data are sent only on the O&M channel of the DRX (or e–DRX) selected onthe bus. Only the data received on this O&M channel are redirected to the O&M bus.The GSM TIME channelThis one–way logical channel transports the GSM time signal to each DRX (ore–DRX). It is carried by bit 7 of TS 31 of the Private PCM. The transmission speedof the resulting transmission channel is 8 kbit/s.A correction value is sent to each DRX (or e–DRX) over the OML link of the PrivatePCM. This value corresponds to the delays caused by propagation. Each DRX (ore–DRX) can therefore locally regenerate a synchronous GSM TIME bus with theBCF subsystem bus.The refresh period must be a multiple of an occurrence between the GSM time base(577 µs) and the PCM time base (125 µs). The selected refresh period is 60 ms.Such a 60–ms frame contains three parts:Synchronization flag Useful data Filler bits3.1.3.3 GSM TIME busPrincipleThe GSM Time bus is a V11 serial bus used in the BCF Unit to link the SYNC andGTW boards. The data it conveys define the “local BTS time”. The serial format includes a flagto detect any break in the link. Moreover it provides a “strobe” every 577 µs thataccurately matches the start of each time slot.Interface signalsThe GSM TIME bus supports three types of signals. These three signals, which aregenerated by the synchronization unit, are transmitted in differential mode.

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–7S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual3.1.3.4 Internal PCM busPrincipleThe V11 bus is located between the switching matrix and the following units:PCM Interface units (PCMI)Data Signaling Concentration units (DSC)GaTeWays (GTW)The 16 internal PCMs are synchronous links at 2 Mbit/s on which the data areorganized in 125–µs frames divided into 32 time slots of eight bits each. A PCMis a time division multiplexed link that supports 32 channels with a throughput of64 kbit/s.Interface signalsThe signals used are the following:•MICR : Receive PCM in master–to–slave direction•MICE : Transmit PCM in slave–to–master direction•SY : 8 kHz negative frame synchronization pulse•H4M : 4.096 MHz timing clock3.1.3.5 O&M busPrincipleThe O&M bus is a V11 asynchronous master–slave type bus that is subject tophysical addressing. It interconnects all units of the BCF subsystem and the TXsthrough the private PCM between the GTW and the DRXs. The CSWM acts asmaster.The bus enables users to do the following:set up the initial configuration and reset itmeasure and control system statusretrieve alarmsforce each bus subscriber to “RESET” statusInterface signalsThe O&M bus is used in the BCF and originates from the CSWM card. Due to itslow rate (9600 bit/s), this bus is not matched.The O&M bus contains ten logical signals:

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–8PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12from master to slave:–TX : asynchronous data transmitted by the master–ADR[5..0]: six address lines giving the selected slave address from 00to 63–VAL : validation pulse, during which the address must be valid(negative pulse)–RAZ : initialization if this reset is pulsed during VAL pulse,inhibition if the VAL is pulsed during the RAZ (active atlow level)from slave to master:–RX : asynchronous data received by the masterEach slave receives from the back–panel six signals, NUC[5..0], that allows it todetermine its address and to compare to the ADR[5..0]address.

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–9S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual3.2 BCF functional architectureDepending on the BCF physical architecture, the following functions are enabled(see Figure 3–3):control and switchingdata channel concentratordual trunk interfacesynchronizationalarm regrouping3.2.1 BCF control, switching and management (CSWM)3.2.1.1 FunctionsThe CSWM unit is duplicated for safety reasons, giving CSWMA and CSWMB.The CSWM unit is the master BCF unit. It enables communication with the BSC,organizes, stores and broadcasts all the data it receives from the BSC, supervises anduses defense action on the equipment it controls. It must do the following (seeFigure 3–4):set up communication with the BSCmanage BTS synchronizationmanage the switching matrixmanage the FH busmanage slave units (DSC, PCMI, ALCO, SYNC, GTW, and the TX part of theTRX). Only the defense actions on slave processors is discussed below.enable duplex operations3.2.1.2 Setting up communication with the BSCWhen the CSWM is activated, it must connect to the BSC to work. A link is set upon an external PCM. Since a number of PCM links unite the BTS and BSC,individual PCM links are frequently polled. If connection attempts fail on all theavailable PCM, the CSWM resets.3.2.1.3 DownloadingWhen the call has been set up with the BSC, the CSWM reports its status. The BSCdownloads the BTS if CSW code has not already been downloaded. The set of theBCF downloadable files is formed by two catalogue files (BOOT & LOAD andDLU), containing the list of the files, a configuration file and a file containing CSWcode.

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–10PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12GTWPCMIDSCALCOCSWMBCSWMABCFSYNCExternal PCMlinks to BSCPower suppliesCabinetsSiteInter CSWM linkInternal PCM linkO&M bus2 MHz clock4 MHz clockPrivate PCMto DRXNote: (*) DRX or e–DRXFigure 3–3 BCF architecture

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–11S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualBSCCSWMFH BUSMANAGE-MENTTRANSMIT-TERMANAG.CONCENTRATORMANAGEMENTALARMUNITMANAG.PCMINTERFACEUNITMANAGEMENTPCMSYNCHRONIZATION SWITCHINGMATRIXTRANSMITTERSCONCENTRATORALARM BOARDPCMMANAGEMENTBOARDSYNCHRONIZATIONBOARDSYNCHRONIZATIONMANAGEMENTSWITCHINGMATRIXMANAGEMENTCSWMSUPERVISIONDOWNLOADINGMANAGEMENT DUPLEXMANAGEMENTOther CSWMGATEWAYGATEWAYMANAGE-MENTFigure 3–4 Organization of CSWM functions

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–12PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V123.2.1.4 Synchronization managementAt start–up, the CSWM chooses the first correct clock from among six. DuringLAPD connection, the BTS forces the clock on the PCM carrying the LAPD.3.2.1.5 Switching matrix managementThe switching matrix management includes the following:initializationconfigurationmonitoring/defenseThe switching matrix has 16 PCM links. Each PCM link has the following:transmission test interfacereception test interfaceidle interfaceAll 2n PCM time slots are connected to 2n+ 1 PCM time slots to allow PCM linksto be routed when the BTS are chained together (drop and insert technique).InitializationThe 0 time slot on each PCM link is looped back on itself by the transmission testinterface, which is a hardware device that connects the PCM 0 time slot transmissionand reception on the reception interface.The frames received and transmitted in each TS 0 over each PCM link are frequentlycompared to allow the switching matrix to be tested at start–up time and itsperformance to be monitored.ConfigurationThe switching matrix is configured when the BSC requests the BCF to set up orrelease a signaling or traffic channel.Signaling channels are set up (or broken off) between an DRX signaling time slotand a non–concentrated link on a signaling concentrator unit. This may entail(dis)connection between a concentrated link on a signaling concentrator unit anda PCM link time slot on a PCM interface.Traffic channels are set up (or broken off) between a DRX traffic time slot and aPCM link time slot on a PCM interface.Monitoring/defenseThe switching matrix is monitored by endless loops that are activated during theinitialization phase.

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–13S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualIf a fault occurs, the switching matrix is designated as faulty and switch over istriggered.The cause can be pinpointed from among the following:switching matrixinternal PCM busidle interfacetransmission test interfacereception test interface3.2.1.6 FH bus managementThe FH bus is connected to various DRX (or e–DRX) units.ConfigurationFH bus management becomes involved when the BSC sends cell configuration orradio transmission configuration messages.The CSWM uses the cell configuration message to construct the internal tablesneeded for FH bus management.The radio transmission configuration message is used to send monitoring masks totransmitters used to check for frequency collisions and the flags on FH inputMonitoring/defenseFH bus management receives the frequency collision and no FH bus flag messagessent by transmitters on the O&M bus.Frequency collision messages cause an event report to be sent to the BSC (messagesare correlated to avoid repetition).No FH bus flag messages result in the following:a DRX (or e–DRX) fault when all the DRXs (or e–DRXs) detect the same eventa DRX (or e–DRX) fault when one event is detected3.2.1.7 Transmitter–oriented CSWM defense actionsThe CSWM undertakes defense action when it receives alarm messages or when thescanner no longer detects transmitter activity.If the faulty transmitter was configured (BCCH), the BTS sends an event report withimpact to the BSC; otherwise, the event report is without impact.

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–14PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V123.2.1.8 DSC–oriented defense actionsThe CSWM undertakes defense action when the DSC sends an event report on theO&M bus or when the scanner no longer detects DSC activity.The following faults can occur:hardware faultThe DSC is faulty if any of its connections fail. Then the DSC is reset, andexternal tests are run.unexpected frames or queue overflowThe CSWM sends an event report to the BSC which takes the appropriate action.loss on the O&M busThe CSWM triggers defense action, the DSC is reset, and external tests are run.A DSC is initialized by a reset command on the O&M bus. Start–up tests are run.If the external test results are fault–free the DSC can be returned to the list of useableunits. If not, the unit must be replaced.CSWM defense actions are determined in terms of equipment redundancy:If there is no redundant DSC:•if the DSC that is down supported O&M communication with the BSC. TheCSWM must isolate the faulty DSC by breaking off connections on theswitching matrix. The switching matrix restores communication with theBSC on the same PCM as before. When communication is restored, theCSWM informs the BSC that all communication previously established viathat DSC is lost and cannot be recovered. The BSC then takes the appropriateaction ;•if the lost DSC did not support O&M communication with the BSC, theCSWM must inform the BSC that all communications passing through thisDSC were lost and cannot be recovered. The next actions are determined bythe BSC.If a redundant DSC is available, the CSWM breaks off faulty DSC connectionson the switching matrix and reconnects the redundant DSC to match the faultyone. All the communication previously established via that DSC is restored andan event report is sent to the BSC.3.2.1.9 PCMI–oriented defense actionsIn the event of a PCMI hardware fault, the CSWM activates self–tests by sendingthe appropriate commands via the O&M bus. If the results of the self tests arefault–free, the PCMI returns to operational status and the BSC is informed.If the quality of transmission is the cause, the PCMI feeds back the information tothe BSC, whether it has been able to restore communication or not.

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–15S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual3.2.1.10 ALCO board–oriented defense actionsIf there is an ALCO card hardware failure, the CSWM restarts self–tests by meansof the commands available on the O&M bus. If the self–tests are successful, theALCO card is considered operational again and the BSC is informed.3.2.1.11 Gateway switchover managementIf there is a gateway failure, the gateways themselves determine state change(passive ⇔ active). Then the fault signal is transferred to the CSWM via the O&Mbus.Each gateway can send its status to the CSWM, either after a query from the CSWMor spontaneously after switchover.3.2.1.12 Duplex operation between CSWMsThe duplex function manages CSWM equipment redundancy in the BCF. The BSConly perceives one CSWM at a time.Redundancy is operated in passive/dynamic mode with hot restart:The standby processor does not execute the same algorithms as the activeprocessor and does not receive the same message flow.The active CSWM sends stable status information to the standby side. If aproblem arises on the active side, the standby CSWM takes over BCF control.Switchover time includes the time needed to locate the fault, return to a stablestatus, and restart processing.Causes of switchoverSwitchover may be triggered by hardware or software resetting. The watchdogtriggers hardware resetting, and software is reset by a software init message.Hardware resetting may be triggered by the following:a major hardware fault (CPU, memory units, etc.)a serious software fault (address error)Software resetting may be triggered by the following:a minor hardware fault (switching matrix, internal PCM bus, O&M bus drivers)a system software fault (dynamic memory overfilling)Switchover procedureThe switchover procedure can only be performed in a stable system status. In theevent of switchover, the CSWM tries to return to the last stable condition. It checksthat its database (last stable state) and slave processor states (alarm units,synchronization units, concentrator units, PCM interface units and transmitterunits) are consistent and may reconfigure them.

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–16PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Standby CSWM updatingThe standby side is brought up to date in the following steps:asynchronous software downloadingasynchronous data updatingsynchronous data updatingThe active CSWM side downloads standby CSWM software asynchronouslywithout disturbing operations on the active side.Asynchronous data updating is performed in the following phases:The active CSWM instructs the standby CSWM to reinitialize its database.The active CSWM copies the database and sends it to standby side.The active CSWM stores status transitions that occur during updating and sendsat the end of the sequence. It then starts synchronous updating.Synchronous updating is performed each time the BSC sends configuration data orwhen the CSWM performs defense actions.The active CSWM sends one or more update messages to the standby side beforesending an acknowledgement or event report to the BSC.3.2.2 Data Signaling Concentration unit (DSC)The DSC is controlled by the CSWM. It communicates with the CSWM via theO&M bus. It serves channel multiplexing, demultiplexing, and Operations andMaintenance (O&M) functions.3.2.2.1 Multiplexing and demultiplexingThe CSWM uses the DSC to set up communication between the BSC and the otherentities that make up the BTS. The LAPD protocol ignores the DSC that servesconcentrator and routing functions.The DSC reads level 2 addresses (TEI) contained in LAPD frames and, using arouting table, sends the information onto another time slot. The time slot may beconcentrated (a number of TEI arrive) or not (single TEI).3.2.2.2 Operations and Maintenance (O&M) functionsConfigurationThe CSWM sends the following to the DSC:overall configurationconnect and disconnect configurations

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–17S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualOverall configuration data includes the following:the size of message queuestwo queue overflow thresholdsthe period defining the moment observation messages are sentA connection configuration connects a TEI in a single time slot to a secondconcentrated time slot.Disconnecting may affect a TEI in a single time slot or in a concentrated time slot.Disconnecting a concentrated time slot automatically triggers disconnection ofthe concentrated TEI it contained.ObservationsThe DSC returns its status to the CSWM as requested. The status report containsoverload alarms and hardware failures.The DSC sends regular observation messages to the CSWM that contain thefollowing for the last traffic period and per time slot and TEI:queue sizethe maximum size reached by the queuenumber of messages handled since the last status requestTestsThe DSC constantly tests unused time slots. It performs external loop tests onCSWM request.The results of unused time slot tests are returned to the CSWM in regular statusmessages.The CSWM may request the DSC to perform external tests. The DSC checks thatlinks are free and accepts (or refuses) start–up. The DSC returns the results of thesetests as requested.MonitoringThe DSC supervises its own equipment parts and issues one the following faultmessages:queue overloadreceipt of unexpected framesPCM link hardware malfunction

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–18PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Fault detectionThe DSC receives two threshold values from the CSWM that give the overloadsituation in message transmission queues. When queue thresholds are reached, theDSC issues start and end–of–alarm messages to the CSWM on the O&M bus.3.2.3 PCM Interface (PCMI)The PCMI interfaces and synchronizes incoming and outgoing PCM links. Itconverts the external PCM coming from the BSC into internal PCM used by theBSC, and vice versa.Each PCMI handles one external PCM link. A PCMI unit does the following:converts external PCM links into internal PCM for BTS useverifies link quality using error detection codesmatches impedance on the type of PCM link used by the operator3.2.3.1 ConfigurationThe PCMI can operate without CSWM involvement. However, the CSWM sendsa configuration message on the O&M bus that contains the following:the number of erroneous seconds, which defines a window used to evaluate PCMalarmsthreshold M1 for frame alignment error countersthreshold M2 for the CRC error counterthreshold M3 for coding type error counters3.2.3.2 MonitoringThe PCMI monitors its own equipment and PCM links, and issues fault messagesconcerning hardware alarms or PCM alarms.3.2.3.3 PCM alarm managementManaging PCM alarm involves frame, multiframe, submultiframe, zero time slot,and frame alignment; CRC is not managed yet.A frame interval is 125 µs.The duration of a multiframe is 2 ms, representing the time of 16 frames.The length of a submultiframe is 1 ms.The TS0 is set aside for the frame alignment signal, multiframe alignment bits, CRCbits, and alarm sending.

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–19S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualFrame alignmentFrame alignment is operated by the frame alignment byte occupying the TS0 inevery other frame.Upon loss of frame alignment the alarm bit is set to 1 and the frame alignmentcounter is increased.The PCM alarmsEach PCM alarm corresponds to the detection of one anomaly type on the PCMreception.A seriously erroneous second is a second in which an NOS, SIA, RRA, or LOSalarm condition occurred or an FE or CRC counter was overrun.These alarms are indicated by LEDs on the front of the DTI board.LOS: frame lock loss signal (LFA LED)Frame lock is considered lost when three consecutive lock signals are receivedwith errors. This is also the case when bit 2 of TS 0 in frames that contain nolocking signal is received three times in a row with errors.AIS: Alarm indication signal (AIS LED). Not used in the GSM 1900 frequencyband.RRA or RAI: Remote Receive Alarm signal or Remote Alarm Indicator (RRALED).NOS: no frame signal (NOS LED)Upon detecting the beginning of an NOS fault signal, a 64–kbit/s SIA isgenerated on each TS of the associated internal PCM link, an RRA is sent on theexternal PCM link, and the application associates an NOS error to the erroredsecond, bringing on the NOS LED.FE: Frame error (FE LED).Used in case of 2 Mbit/s external PCM link. Error detection is effected only inoperation without CRC. The application counts the incorrect frame lock wordsreceived, and compares them with the upper and lower thresholds(programmable).SKP: hop indication reception. Not used.CRC: CRC error signal (CRC LED). Not used in the GSM 1900 frequency band.The quest for CRC multiframe lock is associated with that for frame lock, toensure that the frame lock word found does indeed correspond to a single lockword to which one can lock permanently.The alarm LEDs on the front of the board are the LFA, AIS, RRA, NOS, FE, SKP,and CRC. Each alarm event turns on the associated LED for a minimum timeof 200 ms.

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–20PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12One cause is associated with each seriously erroneous second. The alarm cause isdefined in the following descending order of severity: NOS, AIS, LOS, RRA, FE,CRC, and SKP.When the number of seriously erroneous consecutive seconds reaches the numberof erroneous seconds (NBSEC) defined in the configuration message, the PCM isdesignated in fault condition and a message is sent to the CSW.The end–of–fault condition is the number NBSEC of consecutive seconds withouterrors and the end–of–fault message is sent to the CSW.3.2.4 Synchronization (SYNC)The synchronization unit must synchronize the DRXs on a single reference time,GSM time. It supervises the different defense stages. There are two identicalsynchronization units, that have the same software (see Figure 3–5).3.2.4.1 GSM timeThe network supplies the reference time via three PCMI units. The CSWM selectsone of the six clocks and sends it to the synchronization unit. The clock selectedmust have good long–term accuracy because it is used by the synchronizationmodule to generate reference time for the radio interface with an accuracy of5 x l0–8.If the external reference signal is absent, the CSWM selects a local clock derivedfrom the SYNC module active in “free running” mode.3.2.4.2 MonitoringThe synchronization unit is monitored by its own control and monitoringmechanisms, which check that the unit is operating correctly and GSM time isavailable on the GSM TIME bus.Alarms are as follows:SYNO unit outageCSWM clock failurereference clock failure

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–21S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual(CSWM) (SYNC)(SYNC)GTWSynchronizationunitClockselectionInternalPCMsSwitchoverlogicSynchronizationunitGSM TIMEchannelPrivate PCMLocal clockFigure 3–5 GSM time bus synchronization

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–22PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12The last two events are fed back to the CSWM. Defense actions are covered insection dedicated to the CSWM.In case of a synchronization unit fault, the synchronization units make theswitchover decision (active <=> standby). The fault is then fed back to the CSWMover the O&M bus.3.2.5 Alarm collecting function (ALCO)3.2.5.1 FunctionsThe alarm collecting board (ALCO), located outside the BCF, collects internal andexternal BTS alarms.Internal alarms concern equipment parts on which the BCF does not use anyparticular detection action, while external alarms are site–dependent.These alarms are sent via the O&M bus to the BCF control unit, which redirectsthem to the BSC.The board also allows equipment located outside the BTS to be activated (futureuse).3.2.6 BCF/DRX gateway (GTW)The gateway (GTW) carries out the following functions (see Figure 3–6):adaptation of the frequency between the radio interface and the Abis interfaceadaptation of the GSM TIME bus to the GSM TIME channeladaptation of the O&M bus to the O&M channel for the TXsmanagement of the O&M protocol for the gateway as an O&M slavemanagement of part of the defense systemmanagement of part of the switchover logicinitialization of the gateway board3.2.6.1 Adaptation of the GSM TIME bus to the GSM TIME channelThis function consists in entering the GSM time on the GSM TIME bus, thenmaking calculations and carrying out formating to send the GSM time to the DRXsby means of the GSM TIME channel.3.2.6.2 Adaptation of the O&M bus to the O&M channelThis function consists in decoding the validation on the O&M bus of a dialoguebetween the CSWM and the TX, and formating the characters sent and received onthe bus and the O&M channel.

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–23S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualT1T2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 27 28 29 30 31OML/RSLT1T2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3120 21 22 23 24GSMtimeO&M/TX TT TO&M/TXCSWMO&M bus GSM TIME busInternal PCMs(up to 8)Private PCMs(up to 6)OML/RSLT1st DRX (*) 3rd DRX (*)1st DRX (*) 4th DRX (*)2nd DRX (*)O&Mconversion GSM timeconversionSYNCBCFDRX(*)TKey:GTW19= traffic time slot= unused time slot00SYNSYNNote: (*) DRX or e–DRX.Figure 3–6 BCF/DRX Gateway (GTW)

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–24PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V123.2.6.3 Management of the O&M protocolThis function provides the level 2 and 3 layers of the O&M protocol concerningCSWM/gateway dialogue. The gateway is fully an O&M slave. It manages alevel–3 message dictionary.3.2.6.4 Management of the defenseThe software part of the gateway defense system essentially concerns detection ofminor and major faults which lead, respectively, to a ”light” software reset of certainfunctions or passage to HALT state. A software watchdog system is also active.3.2.6.5 Switchover managementThe software’s role in switchover management is to send command codes to ahardware logic circuit which controls gateway activation and de–activation.3.2.6.6 InitializationInitialization consists of configuring all peripherals present on the gateway board,the communication controllers, the position of the GSM TIME channel, thecross–connect matrix, and the transfer of certain initialization data from the PROMto the RAM.3.2.6.7 Multitasking organizationMost of the functions are not related to one another and therefore operatecompletely asynchronously. In order for these functions to take placesimultaneously for the external environment, an internal function, transparent to theoutside, is needed to manage multitasking, hierarchized organization.3.2.7 BCF configurationsThe BCF exists in simplex or duplex configuration.The following table gives the number of boards in every configuration.Boards Simplex BCF Duplex BCFCSWM 1 2 (1 active/1 passive)PCMI 1 1 to 3DSC 1 1 to 4SYNC 1 2 (1 active/1 passive)GTW 1 2 (1 active/1 passive)Table 3–2 BCF configurations

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–25S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual3.3 CBCF functional architectureThe CBCF performs the following functions:switching, synchronization, and concentrationcontrol of the alarm management unitPCM InterfaceThe CMCF board performs the concentration, synchronization, and switchingfunctions. The CMCF also controls the alarm management unit (the RECALboard), which is located outside the CBCF Module.The CMCF board allows operation in duplex mode and in simplex mode.The CPCMI board is the interface between the external PCM links (A–bis) and thePrivate PCMs in the CBCF.CBCF modesThe CBCF can be used in simplex mode with only one CMCF board in slot 0 or 1running in active mode. Simplex/Duplex mode is managed by a micro switch on theCMCF board. From duplex to simplex, the transaction in never automatic, it alwaysfollows a configuration. From simplex to duplex mode, there is no automatictransition when the active board detects the connection with the passive one.3.3.1 Switching, synchronization, and concentrationThe CMCF board is duplicated in the CBCF Module to provide redundancy (seeFigure 3–7).One CMCF central processor manages the switching matrix and thesynchronization. The main processor and slave processor share the concentrationand routing tasks as described below.3.3.1.1 SwitchingThe two switching matrices in the CMCF receive and distribute the traffic ofexternal PCMs as follows: up to six PCMs communicate with the CPCMI boardsup to six PCMs communicate with the DRXstwo PCMs communicate with the processing unitsone PCM to communicate GSM timeone PCM for tests

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–26PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V121/2561/193H8M SY H4MSYNFLLE1/T1+ 5 V1/2561/193H8M SY H4ME1+ 5 VMASTER CMCFSLAVE CMCFPLL : Phase–locked loopFLL : Frequency locked loopSYNPLLSIXCLOCKSSIXCLOCKSFigure 3–7 CMCF board synchronization (full configuration)

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–27S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual3.3.1.2 SynchronizationThe CMCF provides synchronization to the radio part of the BTS. Synchronization is obtained through a temperature–controlled oscillator that allowsthe selection of timing signal from seven signals (six from the external PCMs, onefrom an external source, and one from the CMCF master). The selected clock signal is routed to a digital phase comparator that authorizessynchronization operations in a frequency locked loop (CMCF master) or in a phaselocked loop (CMCF slave). The CMCF slave operates in a phase locked loop so that its H4M clock issynchronized with that of the CMCF master. This ensures that phase hopping doesnot occur during a CMCF switchover. GSM TimeThe processing unit transmits the GSM Time every 60 ms. The GSM Time istransmitted to the switching matrices of the CMCF master. The CMCF slave readsthe GSM Time in the CMCF master, which allows the synchronization of GSMTime on both CMCFs. Figure 3–7 shows the synchronization process on the CMCF board. SwitchoverA switchover occurs in synchronization with the H4M clock. Since the masterCMCF and the slave CMCF are synchronized (H4M and GSM Time), theswitchover does not cause a timing disruption. The switchover sequence is as follows:active CMCF becomes inactiveinactive CMCF detects the inactivityinactive CMCF becomes activeA CMCF processor becomes inactive in the following circumstances:H16M clock state is NOK and there is dual chain operationthe master request is disabledmaster board is not properly connected to the back panelthe active processor is reset while in dual chain operationDefence and redundancy managementA switchover from one CMCF board to the other in the event of an error on the activeCMCF board ensures redundancy. The hardware supports duplex and simplexmodes.A redundancy channel between both CMCF boards ensures the exchange of databetween the boards in the event of a switchover.The defense connectivity is shown in Figure 3–8.

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–28PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12MASTER CMCFSLAVE CMCFCPCMISix PrivatePCMsSix PCMsSix ClocksM/S logic witchDuplex syncRedundancy linkFigure 3–8 Defense connectivity between the CMCF boards (full confguration)

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–29S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual3.3.1.3 Concentration and routingThe concentration and routing functionality is performed by the master and slaveprocessing units. The master processing unit manages the board ressources. Theslave processing unit, which operates synchronously with the master unit, managesone PCM, one HDLC link (for master–slave communication), and one RS232 link.The master processing unit receives a external clock signal at 4.096 MHz andgenerates a 33 MHz reference frequency. This frequency is supplied to the slave unitso that it can be synchronous with the master unit.3.3.2 Control of the alarm management unitThe CMCF manages the alarm management unit, the RECAL board, locatedoutside the CBCF Module.The RECAL board collects internal and external alarms and routes them to theCMCF, which routes to the BSC.The communication between the CMCF and the RECAL is done using a LAPDprotocol link that uses a channel supported by time slot 25 of PCM0.3.3.3 PCM InterfaceUp to three CPCMI boards provide the interface between six external PCM links(A–bis) and six Private PCMs used inside the CBCF Module.The interface tasks corresponds to an electrical level translation and a frame formatconversion depending on the type of external PCM link (PCM E1, PCM T1, orHDSL).The external PCM interface has functional blocs that perform the followingfunctions:conversion of analog signals on the A–bis interface and the logical signals of theFramer part of the PCMImanagement of the synchronization clocktransposition between the A–bis and the Private PCMs signals3.3.3.1 Signalling interfacesThe CPCMI board uses the PCM and HDSL interfaces described below.PCM A–bis interfaceThe E1 interface is compatible with the G703 Recommendation. Its impedance is120 (two pairs of bidirectional symmetrical links) or 75 Ohms (coaxial cables).The T1 interface is compatible with ANSI T1.403 and T1.102. Its impedance is100 Ohms (two pairs of bidirectional symmetrical links).

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–30PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12HDSL A–bis interfaceThe HDSL–E1 format (2B1Q) is on one single twisted copper pair where thetransmission rate is 2320 kbps for a full E1 frame. This rate is compatible with theETSI ETR 152 RTR/TM–06002 standard.The HDSL–T1 format (2B1Q) is on one single twisted copper pair where thetransmission rate is 1552 kbps for a full T1 frame. This rate is not standardized andis considered a proprietary link.Private PCMs One CPCMI board is connected to two Private PCM links (PCM0 and PCM1). TheO&M communication is done through an HDLC link using TS0 of PCM0.E1/T1Three bits supplied to the CMCF indicate whether the board is an E1 or T1.

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–31S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual3.4 DRX functional architectureThe DRX board has a digital part, a radio part and a power supply board(Figure 3–9)3.4.1 DRX digital partThe DRX digital part consists of four units:the Advanced MaNagement Unit (AMNU) which manages the DRXthe Digital Control Unit for eight chanels (DCU8) which is the signal processingunitthe Time Base Unit (BDT) which manages the GSM_TIME for the DRXTX logic which is the interface with the transmission part in the DRX Radioboard3.4.1.1 AMNU unitThe AMNU unit manages the DRX. It manages the eight time slots of an TDMAframe, and the radio signaling functions.These functions can be broken down into communication functions (RSL), on theone hand, and operating and maintenance functions (O&M), on the other (seeFigure 3–10).Communication functionsCommunication functions include:routing functionsconcentration functionsRouting functionsThe TDMA frame management unit routes messages from the BSC. The messagesarrive on the RSL and can be broken down into two categories:messages concerning processing of a single time slotmessages concerning all the time slots in the TDMA frameConcentration functionsThere are two types of messages:transparent messagesnon–transparent messages

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–32PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12AMNUDCU8RXTest EthernetBDTDRX digitalFHbusPrivte PCMRadio DRXLogical TXTXPowersupplyboard+ 5.4V+ 12V– 12V+ 48VdcFrequencyreference unitFigure 3–9 DRX board: functional block diagram

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–33S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualSPUAMNUBSCO&MCommunicationfunction (RSL):– routing– concentrationLevel 1 radio accessLevel 1 radioLevel 2 radio managementRadioresourcesmanagementRadiomeasurementsmanagementOperations &Maintenancefunctions (O&M)Level 3 radioLevel 1 wiresLevel 2 wiresFigure 3–10 AMNU functions

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–34PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Transparent messages are simply concentrated on a time slot of the internal PCM.Non–transparent messages are:radio measurement messages of the mobileinterference measurement messages on the inactive channelsload messages on the RACH channelload messages on the PCH channelNon–transparent messages are transcoded, averaged and grouped in a singlemessage to the BSC. This message is sent to the same time slot as the transparentmessages.Operation & Maintenance functionsThe following Operation & Maintenance functions are processed by the Framemanagement unit (AMNU):start–up, downloading, initializationconfigurationmonitoring/defenseStart–up/Downloading/InitializationThe AMNU is started by a hardware reset or a reinitialization message sent by theBSC. It causes configuration of the LAPD and establishment of the OML link withthe BSC.The DRX subsystem can be downloaded only after that the BCF is downloaded andthat the units of site management of cell management and of Abis signaling of theDRXs have been configured.The BSC systematically initiates a downloading phase of the catalogue files and ofthe following software units:AMNUSPUDLUBOOTTXBDTBIST of the SPUsFollows a re–flashing of the units for which the software versions are different.

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–35S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualConfigurationThe DRX is configured by the BSC by means of an OML link on the Abis interface.Configuration can be broken down into:a general configuration:•configuration of the TDMA frametime slot configurations:•configuration of radio time slots•configuration of the frequency hopConfiguration of the TDMA frame provides the DRX with parameters shared bythe whole cell, such as:cell identity (BSIC)BCCH frequencyindication of frequency hopping implementationcell type (normal or extended)and with parameters specific to the DRX:the frequency of the TDMA frame if there is no frequency hoppingindication of implentation of diversity in receptionThe TDMA frame cannot be dynamically configured. A change of configurationrequires re–start of the downloaded software.The configuration of the radio time slot specifies the type of logical channel to usefor a time slot.The configuration of the frequency hopping specifies, for a time slot, the list offrequencies to use, as well as sequencing. This configuration is optional and onlyappears if the frequency hopping was requested in the TDMA frame configuration.MonitoringThe BSC regularly sends status requests to the DRX to detect any problems on theOML link.LAPD breakThe LAPD, OML and RSL links are monitored by a timer. If level 2 loss is detected,the BSC and the AMNU try to reconnect. If connection has not been made by theend of the time–out, the AMNU is reinitialized.

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–36PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Event reportsThe AMNU collects all events detected by the DRX equipment. It performsfiltration, and error reports to the BSC. Transmission error reports, and faultmanagement on RX–splitters alarms are sent through the BCF or CBCF.The AMNU filters to prevent repetition of non–transient events, which means it cansend the BSC a single indication.The AMNU sends errors to the BSC by sending ”event report” messages. There aretwo types of these messages:transient messages which are not acknowledged by the BSCnon–transient messages which must be acknowledged by the BSC and which arerepeated by AMNU until they are acknowledged.Radio signaling functionThe radio signaling function supports two Signal Processing Units (SPU). EachSPU manages one time slot.Two versions of the SPU software are available. One corresponds to propagationconditions in rural area and the other to propagation conditions in urban area. Forthe rural areas, the algorithm parameter equals zero where as it is set at the value0.5 for urban areas. In this later case, the interferer cancellation algorithm is active.The radio signaling functions can be broken down into four groups of functions:level 1 radio accesslevel 2 radio management of LAPDm signalinglevel 3 radio management, which is made up of two functions:•radio resources management•radio measurements managementoperation & maintenanceLevel 1 radio accessLevel 1 radio access makes it possible to manage dialogue between the AMNUsignaling function and the SPU processors which are connected to the AMNU. Itoffers:configuration of operating modes for each SPUSPU controltransmission and reception of data on the radio channel, respecting methods forslaving to the radio frequency.Level 2 radio managementLevel 2 radio management manages the LAPDm level 2 signaling on the radiochannels.

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–37S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualRadio resources management (radio level 3)Radio level 3 provides the following functions:level 2 management on the common channelscontrol of level 2 functions on dedicated channelsactivation of the common channelsorganization of the Common Control CHannel (CCCH), including chaining andrepetition of paging messages and transmission of dedicated channel allocationmessagesactivation or deactivation of dedicated channels, implementation of encryptionand channel mode changesproviding SPU processors with system information on the SAACH and BCCHchannelsdetection of ”random access” and ”handover access”detection of radio link attenuation (monitoring of the upstream SACCHchannel), verifiable by the OMCsending of the mobile transmission power changeRadio measurements management (level 3 radio)This provides the following functions:return of interference measurements carried out by the SPU processors on theinactive dedicated channels and transmission of these measurements to theAMNUconcatenation of measurements made by the SPUs on the active dedicatedchannels and those transferred by the mobile over the same periodOperation & maintenance functions (O&M)These functions provide configuration and deconfiguration of the time slots andfrequency hopping functions.3.4.1.2 DCU8 unitThe DCU8 unit consists of two signaling processing chains, A and B, as shown inFigure 3–11. Each chain handles four calls in full–rate voice mode and eight callsin half–rate voice mode. Chain A and chain B are connected to a subassembly, theBB_FILT ASIC, which is the interface with the radio part and filters receptionsamples before sending them to the two chains. A second subassembly, the CHIF,which is associated with the BB_FILT ASIC, calculates encryption and decryptionmasks.Chain A processes even radio reception time slots and odd radio transmission timeslots. Conversely, chain B processes odd radio reception time slots and even radiotransmission time slots.

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–38PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12BB_FILTCHIFRAMAMNUDSP DECOD DSP DECOD RAMDSP TRANS DSP TRANSRAM RAMReceiversFH busGSM TIME busSPU (A Chain) SPU (B Chain)DSP EGALDPRAM DPRAMFigure 3–11 DCU8 unit diagram

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–39S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualThe DCU8 unit has five DSPs:one EGAL DSP, which equalizes the reception signaltwo DECOD DSPs, which handle reception signal decoding, and level 1sequencingtwo TRANS DSPs, which handle transmission signal processing, encoding, andthe interface with the remote transcoderThere is one DECOD DSP and one TRANS DSP in each chain.SPUThe SPU carries out processing associated with the transmission layer, and to thisend, it executes a certain number of functions, such as: (see Figure 3–12 andFigure 3–13):demodulation of GMSK signal at receptionciphering/deciphering of sent and received dataencoding/decoding and interleaving/de–interleaving of data from the variouschannelsencoding/decoding of voice and data (from 13 kbit/s to 16 kbit/s and vice–versa)transfer of discontinuous transmission (DTX) signalcontrol of transmitters and receiversprocessing of radio measurementsDemodulation functionDemodulation consists of extracting, from the GMSK signal received, the binarydata transmitted, that is 144 bits for a normal burst and 36 bits for an access burst.This is done for the eight time slots of the radio channel.The demodulation principle selected takes into account the inter–symbolinterference resulting from smoothing of the transmission phase transitions(limitation of the transmitted spectrum), multiple path phenomena, and distorsionintroduced by the channel filter upon reception.Implementation of this type of demodulator requires modification of thetransmission channel as concerns pulse response, frequency deviation, andreception times. Determining these parameters is part of the job of the demodulationfunction.

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–40PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12AMNUSPUDemodulationDeciphering (optional)De–interleavingDecodingSpeech/dataor signalingSpeech/data08.60 format codingSignalingReceivermanagementDRX radioFigure 3–12 SPU reception functionsSPUAMNU08.60 formatdecodingTransmittermanagementCodingInterleavingCiphering (optional)Signaling Speech/dataDRX radioFigure 3–13 SPU transmission functions

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–41S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualThe receiver has the space diversity function. Both received channels are combinedin an equalizer which carries out joint equalization.For each of these channels, the pulse response as well as the C/I+N ratio areestimated. These ratios are used to weight the predictions and samples of eachchannel.The symbols from the equalizer are then decrypted, de–interleaved and decoded torestore the control messages and traffic sent by the mobile.Ciphering/deciphering functionThe fluxes of binary symbols sent and received on each time slot on the TCH orSDCCH are encrypted one bit at a time, in compliance with theciphering/deciphering algorithm.The ciphering or deciphering operation protects confidentiality of voice andsignaling. It consists of adding binary bits, one by one, between sent and receiveddata and a binary train (the ciphering sequence), generated from a ciphering key andthe TDMA frame number of the time slot.Encoding/decoding and interleaving/de–interleaving functionsAll traffic and control logic channels are encoded to protect useful informationagainst transmission errors. Each channel has its own encoding scheme, usuallyincluding the following steps for each block:protection of data bits with parity bits or a block codeencoding of the ”data bits + check bits” unit with a convolutional code; thisoperation gives encoded bitsrearrangement and interleaving of the encoded bitsburst formatingFor data, the encoding procedure depends on the rate: the interleaving level ishigher for data than for voice.Some channels do not use the encoding schemes described above, in particular theRACH, FCCH and SCH channels, for which the notion of interleaving on severaltimes slots does not exist.Mobile transmission timing advance functionThe BTS must measure the delay on the received signal when the mobile stationmakes itself known.This measurement, known as timing advance, is forwarded in the dedicated channelassignment message (immediate assignment) to the MS, which uses this parameterto anticipate its transmission timing.

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–42PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12During the call establishment, the BTS computes the timing advance value andsends it within CHANNEL REQUIRED message to the BSC. If this value is abovethe threshold, then the BSC rejects the call establishment.In ongoing call conditions, the timing advance is calculated at regular intervals andsent to the MS over the downlink SACCH channel.The calculation is based on the following:other measurements taken during demodulationthe timing advance used by the mobile station that is returned in the layer 1header of the uplink SACCHDiscontinuous transmission (DTX)Discontinuous transmission allows signals to be sent over the radio channel alonewhen a speech signal is present. This limits interference and MS powerconsumption. For each call, the MSC indicates whether the BSS “does not use” or“may use” the DTX.The principle behind discontinuous transmission is as follows:The base or mobile vocoder has a Voice Activity Detector (VAD) that detects if theframe constructed every 20 milliseconds contains speech. If the frame does notcontain speech, the vocoder constructs a special frame called the SIlence Descriptor(SID) that contains all the background noise description elements. This frame is sentto produce a comfort noise at the far end, and radio transmission stops.The vocoder periodically reassesses the ambient noise and reconstructs the SIDframe. The frame produced in this way is sent in step with the SACCH (once everyfour 26-frame multiframes (480 milliseconds)).When the vocoder detects new speech activity, a special SID frame indicating theEnd Of Silence (EOS) is sent, and normal speech frame sending resumes.On the receive end, additional processing sequences interpret the incoming trafficframe types (speech, SID, FACCH, nothing) using the related flags (BFI, SID, TAF)and perform the appropriate operations.The DTX is allowed for data in non-transparent mode.BCCH fillingThe BCCH frequency must be transmitted continuously so mobile stations canperform field strength measurements in neighbouring cells.Continuous transmission is accomplished in the following ways:When frequency hopping is not used, the TRX uses the BCCH frequency as thecarrier frequency for all the channels it supports. The TRX sends fillers on theBCCH frequency although it may have nothing to send in a given time slot.

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–43S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualWhen frequency hopping is being used, one of the following occurs:•The hopping laws authorize permanent BCCH transmission, and all the TRXshelp fill operations.•The hopping laws do not authorize permanent transmission and a transmitteris required to enable BCCH “filling” independently and take over when thehopping laws step down.Note: That the laws that enables permanent transmission on BCCH are onlyaccepted by cavity coupling.Transmitter and receiver controlThe SPU controls a transmitter and a receiver. It calculates the frequency hoppinglaw and determines the frequencies to synthesize.The transmitter is controlled by the FH bus. The SPU sends the following to thetransmitter:the power and frequency to usethe bits to sendthe time synchronization signalThe SPU sends the following to the receiver:the frequency to use for the following time slotthe synchronization clock signalthe GSM TIME synchronization signalThe SPU receives the following from the receiver:digitized samples from the reception channelthe scale factor (gain)the receiver alarmsRadio measurement processingThe Radio Measurement Processing performed by the BTS ensures that the networkand the mobiles can communicate with each other with minimum interference at thelowest possible transmission power and with the best transmission quality.Measurements processed by the BTS include signal strength and signal quality. Themobile takes measurements in the downlink direction (BTS –> MS), while the BTStakes them in the uplink direction (MS → BTS). Other measurements include signalstrength on the BCCH frequency of the surrounding cells and the MS_BS distance.The BTS averages these measurements for each connection. The averagedmeasurements are then used as the basis for a decision–making process for thefollowing:

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–44PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12power controlcall clearinginter–cell handoverintra–cell handoverThe BTS cyclically sends to the BSC the interferences measures done on theinactive channels.BB–FILT ASICThe BB_FILT ASIC constitutes the interface between the signal processing unit(SPU) of the DRX and the radio RX module on the one hand, and the encipheringASIC on the other hand. It carries out the band–pass filtering of the digital samplesoutput by the radio RX module, and generates the FH bus.A single BB_FILT ASIC processes all eight TSs of the radio frame.The functions provided by this ASIC include:GSM time reception interface providing the synchronization of the DSPs on theradio frameon transmission:•recording of the TX parameters and of the ciphering key, supplied by the DSPEGAL•transfer of the ciphering key to the CHIF ASIC•reading of the ciphering template from CHIF ASIC•ciphering of the parameters and transmission on the FH buson reception:•recording of the RX parameters and of the ciphering key, supplied by the DSPEGAL•programming of RX hopping synthesizers•generation of channel and sampling frequency selection signals for the analogto digital converter•base–band filtering of the digital samples delivered by the a dc converter•selection of the best gain for each channel (normal and diversity)•transfer of these selected filtered samples to the DSP EGAL•transfer of the deciphering key to the CHIF ASIC•reading of the deciphering template from CHIF ASIC, and transfer of thetemplate to the DSP EGAL3.4.1.3 BDT unitThe BDT (time base) unit regenerates GSM TIME signals. The GSM time isdistributed to the BDT unit of each DRX by means of the GSM TIME channel ofthe private PCM, every 60 ms.

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–45S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualThe value of the propagation delay is sent to the DRX by means of the OML linkof the private PCM. From these two data, each DRX makes the necessarycorrections and regenerates the GSM TIME bus.If, for any reason, the GSM time is not distributed on the BDT unit, the BDT unitlocally maintains the GSM TIME bus signals and continues to provide the GSMtime to the DRX units.The BDT unit is made up of a logic block and a calculation block.Digital blockThe BDT unit receives a 26 MHz clock signal derived from the radio unit clock. Thisclock signal has the same stability properties as the 4Fbit clock signal provided bythe BCF synchronization board and is more stable in the short term. The digitalblock generates the following signals:H4M (4.096 MHz)STRTM (recurrent pulse at 577 microseconds)TIME_DATA (containing T1, T2, T3 and TN)Calculation blockThe calculation block synchronizes the H4M and STRTM signals with thesynchronization unit signals of the BCF. In addition, it updates the values T1, T2,T3 and TN.The synchronization principle consists of forcing a divider–by–24 counter to divideby 23 (if the BDT is slow) or by 25 (if it is fast). This way, every 23 or 25 periodsof 26 MHz (depending on whether the slow BDT is accelerated or the fast BDT isslowed down), the BDT corrects a period of 26 MHz.3.4.1.4 TX logic unitThe main role of the TX logic unit is to control the radio subassembly in real time.It receives the BCF configuration commands from the AMNU. It carries out theprocessing and sends back reports.Once configured, the TX logic unit reads, on each time slot, the data present on theFH bus. Then it calculates the frequency code and the power code to be used withthe radio interface.Transmission powerIn general, radio power is determined by two inputs. One controls the maximumstatic power and the other gives the dynamic attenuation at each time slot.The static power is given by the BCF or CBCF in the CONFIG message. The TXcalculates attenuation to compensate for cable loss between the TX–driver and thepower amplifier.

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–46PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12The dynamic power is provided by the ASIC of the TX logical unit. Its softwarereads the value and commands the TX–driver accordingly.In the case of a BCCH filler, the additional attenuation introduced is always zero.The power values that the TX and the mobile have to use are fixed by the BTSaccording to a control algorithm using the measurements results that it makes andthe thresholds stockpiled in the OMC. The mobile and the BTS power control canbe inhibited by the OMC.The power control aim is to minimize the interferences, ensure good transmissionquality and save mobile’s batteries.Power slavingThe setpoint value is slaved to compensate for gain variations of the transmissionchain.Two slaving loops are used to compensate for attenuation in the gain chain (seeFigure 3–14).DRXTX LOGICExternal loopGMSK ModulationInternal loopRadio FrequencyAntennaTX DRIVERControl bus PA or LPAFigure 3–14 Power slaving diagramThese loops may be in the following states:Open: This state is used for calibration of the internal loop with the external loop.Initialization: This state is used for loop start–up.Error: A loop is in error when it is not longer in correspondence with the setpoint.Closed: A loop is closed when it is in slow slaved mode.

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–47S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual3.4.2 DRX radio partThe DRX radio part is composed of a power supply board and of the DRX radioboard.The power supply is converting common -48 V to specific +5 V/± 12 V powersupply signals for the DRX radio board.The DRX radio board is composed of three units:the Frequency reference (Fref) unitthe receiver unit (RX)the transmitter unit (TX)3.4.2.1 Frequency reference unitThe reference frequency for all local oscillators is derived from the Fref frequencysupplied by the VCXO, itself derived from the 4.096 MHz signal provided by theDRX digital part (BCF or CBCF).It provides a very steady and spurious–free reference clock for the RX/TX hoppingand fixed synthetizers (13 MHz signal).3.4.2.2 Receiver unit (RX)The receiver unit (RX) has four main functions. Slot–to–slot frequency hopping isachieved with a dual synthetizer arrangement (one is active while the other one issetting to the following frequency):signal down conversion from radio frequency band to Intermediate Frequency(IF) then to base band frequencychannel filtering (in IF)RX–level dynamic managementdigitization of the base band signalThe base band signal is then sent in binary form with its scale factor to the DRXdigital part.Receiver configurationThe receiver configuration is done by the DRX digital part, which sends:the reception frequency to be used for the following time slotthe synchronization clock signalthe GSM time synchronization signalReceiver monitoringThe receiver monitors internal equipment: microprocessor and Phase Lock Loops(PLL).

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–48PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12If there is a failure or other problem, it generates an alarm:microprocessor faultfrequency range not respected (if the frequency to synthesize as requested by theDRX digital part is incorrect)PLL loss of alignment (if one of the receiver PLLs is not aligned)3.4.2.3 Transmitter unit (TX)The Transmitter unit has two main parts:IF and RF chainsgain control loop (or Automatic Level Control)IF and RF ChainAn I/Q modulator with a Local Oscillator (LO) phase–locked on a referencefrequency transposes the two baseband I/Q signals into the IF chain.This 125 MHz local oscillator (LO_IF) phase–locked on a 13 MHz signal translatesthe baseband signals into an intermediate frequency. (The IF is 125 MHz inGSM 900, 286 MHz in GSM 1800 and 299 MHz in GSM 1900).The second LO is used for up conversion from IF to RF.The up–conversion is followed by bandwidth filter, amplifier stages, variablevoltage attenuators, and digital attenuators.Gain Control Loop (or Automatic Level Control)The driver transmit chain upholds the accuracy of the transmission powercompatible with the GSM recommendations against time.The control dynamics use two components: one voltage variation attenuator (VVA)and a step–by–step digital attenuator taking target attenuation into account andcompensating for it.The Automatic Level Control also includes the PA.3.4.3 DRX shutting down3.4.3.1 DRX soft blockingThe DRX soft blocking consists in setting a DRX “out of service” without stoppingthe calls established on this DRX. If possible, an intra–cell handover is performedfor those calls to release the DRX more quickly. Otherwise, the DRX will bereleased after the normal completion of the calls.

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–49S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual3.4.3.2 DRX soft blocking coupled with a forced handoverTo speed up the DRX shutting down, the DRX soft blocking can be coupled witha forced handover. The calls will be handed over a neighbour cell if the signalstrength is over the handover threshold for that cell.3.4.3.3 HintThe two actions mentionned above can be performed into a unique command to abetter efficiency of the DRX shutting down.3.4.4 Power supply boardThe power supply card provides a dc voltage between 40.5 V and 57 V, to beconverted into +5 V, +12 V and –12 V. The 48 V voltage is sent first to the logicalDRX unit converter, then, after filtering, to the logical DRX unit and the radio DRXunit converter.The power supply of the board varies according to the DRX types and on thefrequencies.The mechanical and electrical grounds are linked to the common reference zerovolts.

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–50PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V123.5 e–DRX functional architectureThe e–DRX board consist of (see Figure 3–15):an e–LDRX digital board including a dc/dc converter, a frame processor TXlogic (GMSK and 8–PSK modulation), and a local time base, working for allfrequency bandsan e–RDRX radio board including a dc/dc converter, a low power driver and adual receiver3.5.1 Modifications between the DRX and e–DRXThis chapter describes the modifications between the current DRX and the e–DRX.The main features of the e–DRX are the following:signal processing capacity improvement8–PSK modulation compatibilityreceive dynamic extensionTX output power dynamic reductionpacket backhaul readiness3.5.1.1 E–LDRX board modificationsThe main modifications concerning the e–LDRX board are the following:the migration of BDT, AMNU, and TX into a single FPGAthe use of one PowerQuiccthe introduction of the 52 MHz frequency reference functionthe use of two DSPthe extension of the memory capacity (8 Mb for SDRAM, 4 Mb for flash and2 Mb for SRAM)the size reduction and integration of the dc/dc converter on the e–LDRX boardthe lower power consumption (<15W)

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–51S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualRXEthernete–LDRX digital boardFHbusPrivate PCMe–RDRX radio boardTXDC/DCconverterDC/DCconverterDebugRadioreception RadiotransmissionPowersupplyFigure 3–15 e–DRX board: functional block diagram

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–52PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V123.5.1.2 E–RDRX board modificationsThe main modifications concerning the e–RDRX board are the following:the removal of the 104 MHz frequency referencethe use of RXIC2 module (IF => BF transposition)the RX dynamic extension provided by an AGC (–13 to –110 dBm)the TX output power dynamic reductionthe integration of the dc/dc converter on the e–RDRX boardthe lower power consumption (<15W)3.5.2 Main external connections3.5.2.1 Private PCMA private internal PCM is used to link the e–DRX to the BCF. The proprietaryinterface has the same definition as the previous internal PCM, except that the clockis fully synchronous with the radio interface.This bus carries the following informations:Radio Signaling Link (RSL) and local Operation and Maintenance (O&M) onone time slotTraffic links on two, three, four, six or eight time slotsGSM_TIME channel on a separate time slotThe feature allows the e–DRX to be remotely controlled.3.5.2.2 FH busThe FH bus is connected to the various e–DRX units.3.5.2.3 Power SupplyThe e–DRX is powered by a –48V dc supply and the typical consumption is 25W.3.5.2.4 Test linksThe e–DRX has an Ethernet port and an asynchronous serial port. It also has seriallines for emulator connections, and real time trace facilities.3.5.2.5 RF interfacesThe e–DRX unit provides RF reception with diversity and RF transmission at lowlevel.

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–53S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual3.5.3 e–DRX functional descriptionThis chapter describes the functional architecture of the e–DRX, but does not detaileach part. The aim is to give enough information to approach easily the mainfeatures.3.5.3.1 Logic unit (e–LDRX)The logic unit (e–LDRX) contains (see Figure 3–16):a FPGA unit which provides:•a control and switching management function•a time base function•a synchronization functiona management unit (AMNU) which processes the following functions:•start–up, downloading, initialization•configuration•monitoring•LAPD break•event reportsa transmission unit which provides:•a radio signaling function•a signal processing function•a power regulation function•a RX logic function•a TX logic functionFPGA unitControl and switching management functionSetting up communication with the BSCWhen the BTS is activated, it must be connected to the BSC to work. A link is setup on an external PCM link.DownloadingWhen communications have been set up with the BSC, the BTS reports its status.The BSC downloads, if necessary, the software to the BTS.

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–54PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12RX logic function TX logic functionTransmissionunitFPGA unitLogic unit (e–LDRX)Processing signalfunction(SPU)Radio signalingfunction Power regulationfunctionManagement unit (AMNU)Synchronizationfunction Control and switchingmanagement function Time baseRadio unit (e–RDRX)Figure 3–16 Logic unit (e–LDRX): functionnal architecture

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–55S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualSynchronization managementAt the start–up, the BTS selects the clock. During LAPD connection, the BTS forcesthe clock onto the PCM carrying the LAPD.Switching matrix managementEach PCM link managed by the switching matrix has a transmission test interface,reception test interface, and an idle interfaceThe switching matrix is configured when the BSC requests to set up or to releasea signaling or traffic channel from the BTS.Signaling channels are set up (or broken) between a transmission signaling TS anda non–concentrated link. This operation may entail (dis)connection between a aconcentrated link TS coming from the BTS and a PCM link TS on the PCMinterface.Traffic channels are set up (or broken) between a transmission traffic TS and a PCMlink TS on the PCM interface.Data signaling concentration functionThe BTS uses this function to set up the communication between the BSC and theother entities that make up the BTS. This function is implemented with the LAPDprotocol that serves concentrator and routing functions.Time baseThe time base regenerates the GSM_TIME bus with information issued from theGSM_TIME channel.If, for any reason, the GSM time is not distributed to the time base, this onemaintains the GSM_TIME bus signals locally and continues to provide the GSMtime to the logic unit.Synchronization functionThe synchronization function must synchronize the transmissions on a singlereference time: GSM _TIME.The network provides a radio reference clock via two PCM links. This clockselected has good long–term accuracy. It’s the reason that the synchronizationmodule to generate an exact reference time for the radio interface uses this clock..If the external reference signal is missing, the BTS selects the local clock.The synchronization function is monitored by internal control and monitoringmechanisms. They check that the synchronization is operating correctly and that theGSM time is available on the GSM_TIME bus.

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–56PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12AMNU UnitStart–up, downloading, initializationThe AMNU unit is started by a hardware reset or a re–initialization message sentby the BTS. It configures the LAPD and establishes an OML link with the BSC.Depending the BTS request, the BTS systematically initiates a downloading phaseof the catalogue files and software units.Follow by a re–flashing of the units for which the software versions are different.ConfigurationThe transmission is configured by the BSC via the BTS.The configuration provides:a general configuration. It contains the configuration of the TDMA frame andprovides the logic unit parameters shared by the whole cell, such as:•cell to identity (BSIC)•BCCH frequency•indication of frequency hop implementation•the frequency of the TDMA frame if there is no frequency hoppinga configuration of the radio TS. It specifies the logic channel type to use for TS.a configuration of the frequency hop. It specifies, for TS, the list of frequenciesto use, as well as sequencing. This configuration is optional and only appears ifthe frequency hop was requested in the TDMA frame configuration.SupervisionThe BTS regularly sends status requests to detect any problems.LAPD breakA timer monitors the LAPD with the OML and RSL links. If level two loss isdetected, the BSC and the AMNU try to reconnect. If connection is notre–established before the end of the time–out, the AMNU is reinitialized.Event reportsThe AMNU:collects all events detected (internal or external alarms)provides the filtration and reports errors (transmission/reception) to the BSCprovides the filtration to prevent repetition of non–transient events, which meansit can send to the BSC a single indication

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–57S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualThe AMNU sends errors to the BSC by sending ”event report” messages throughthe BTS. There are two types of these messages:transient messages which are not acknowledged by the BSCnon–transient messages which must be acknowledged by the BSC and which arerepeated by AMNU until they are acknowledgedTransmission unitRadio Signaling functionThe main characteristics of this function are described below:the radio access management (level 1)It manages a dialog between the AMNU signaling functions and the signalprocessing functions (SPU1 and SPU2) which are connected to the AMNU.the radio management (level 2)It manages the LAPDm level 2 signaling on the radio channels.the radio resources management (level 3)It provides mainly the level 2 management on the common channels and controlof level 2 functions on dedicated and common channels.radio measurements management (level 3)It provides the return of interference measurements carried out by the twosignal–processing units on the inactive dedicated channels and transmission ofthese measurements to the AMNU.Operation & Maintenance functions (O&M)They provide configuration and unconfiguration of the TS and frequencyhopping functions.Signal Processing functionThe signal processing (SPU) function performs processing associated with thetransmission layer executes a number of functions, such as:modulation/demodulation (8–PSK)ciphering/deciphering of sent and received datacoding/decoding and interleaving/de–interleaving of data from the variouschannelsmobile transmission timing advance functiondiscontinuous transmission (DTX)BCCH fillingtransmitter and receiver control

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–58PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Power regulation functionIts main function is to check instantly the associated radio subset. It receivesconfiguration instruction via the AMNU unit. In this case, it launches processingand returns reports.Once that the function is configured, each TS in attendance on the FH bus is reading.Next the function calculates the frequency and the power code to be applied to theradio interface. Each function act a control of the set point (emission power), toimprove the non–linearity of the gain of the transmission chain.It launches these main operations:frequency hopping managementpower slavingtransmission poweralarms managementRX logic functionThe logic functions:maintain:•the interface between the SPU functions with respectively the RX radiofunctions on the radio unit (e–LDRX)•and the cipheringfilter the digital samples, provided by the RX radio functions, to base bandsignalsgenerate the FH busEach RX radio functions processes the eight TS of the radio frame.The main characteristics of the RX1 and RX2 radio functions are:an interface for the reception of the GSM time to maintain the DSPsynchronization on the radio framefor the transmission:•the recording transmission parameters and the cyphering key•the parameters cyphering and the transmission on the FH busfor the reception:•the recording of the reception parameters and the ciphering key•the base band filtering of the digital samples provided by the converter•the ciphering key movingTX logic functionThey maintain the interface between the SPU functions and respectively the TXradio functions of the radio unit (e–LDRX).

ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 3–59S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual3.5.3.2 Radio unit (e–RDRX)The radio unit (see Figure 3–17) processes the radio channels fortransmission/reception function.TX radio functionThe transmitter module contains the transmission channels of lower power whichmanage the Radio Frequency (RF) signals and Intermediate Frequency (IF) signalsas follows:I/Q modulationIF filtering and amplificationIF and RF transpositionRF band filteringamplification and variable attenuationoutput power controlRX radio functionThe reception module includes the reception radio channels which manage the RFand the IF signals as follows:RF signals from LNA–splitterRF to IF transpositionIF channel filtering and amplificationRF to BF transpositionAnalog–to–digital conversion

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential3–60PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Amplification RX module(LNA–Splitter) Amplification TX module(LPA)Radio unit(e–RDRX)RX1 (RF)RX2 analog–to–digitalconverterLogic unit (e–LDRX)TX1 (RF)Frequency translation(IF/RF)RX1 (IF) TX1 (IF)RX radiofunction TX radiofunctionFrequency translation(LF/IF) Frequency translation(LF/IF)Frequency translation(IF/RF)Figure 3–17 Radio unit (e–RDRX): functional unit

Software descrIptionNortel Networks Confidential 4–1S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual4 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION4.1 BTS software presentationBTS software is divided into downloadable files and an onboard PROM.4.1.1 Downloadable filesThe BSC downloads these files via the A–bis interface.There are two sets of files, BCF and DRX (or e–DRX). Each set is arranged in a filecatalogue that contain the list of files and the files themselves.4.1.2 PROMPROM chips are read-only memory units used to store software.They are all installed on all BTS equipment boards.4.1.2.1 S8000 BCF softwareBoards serving the BCF are described in Table 4–1:Board Software productname Software producttypeCSWM PE_CSWM_BPE_CSWM_L BOOTLOADPCMI PE_BS_DTI_E1orPE_BS_DTI_T1 PROMSYNC PE_SYN PROMDSC PE_DCC PROMGTW PE_GTW PROMALCO PE_BS_ALO PROMTable 4–1 BCF software product names

Software descrIption Nortel Networks Confidential4–2PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V124.1.2.2 S8000 BTS CBCF SoftwareThe software product associated with the boards and slaves of the CBCF Modulesare listed in Table 4–2.Board Sofware product name Software product typeCBCF Module PE_CBCF_BPE_CBCF_DLU0 BootDLU CodeCPCMI PE_CPCMI_E1PE_CPCMI_T1 LoadLoadRECAL PE_RECAL LoadCC8 PE_CC8_1800 LoadTable 4–2 CBCF software product names4.1.2.3 S8002 BTS CBCF softwareThe CBCF software package includes the PROMs installed in the slave units andthe CMCF software which divides itself into two parts called BOOT and LOAD.All the CBCF files are downloadable as listed in Table 4–3.Board Sofware product name Software product typeCBCF Module PE_CBCF_LPE_CBCF_B LoadBootCPCMI PE_CPCMI LoadRECAL PE_RECAL LoadTable 4–3 CBCF software product names

Software descrIptionNortel Networks Confidential 4–3S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual4.1.2.4 S8000 DRX/eDRX SoftwareAs listed in Table 4–4, the software products vary depending on whether the BCFor CBCF is used in the BTS. DRX O&M software is used with the BCF. DRXCOAM is used with the CBCF or BCF from V12 onward.Board Sofware product name Software product typeDRX O&M/COAM PE_AMNU_COAM_LPE_AMNU_RSL_LPE_AMNU_BPE_SPU2G_EGAL1_LPE_SPU2G_EGAL2_LPE_SPU2G_1620_LPE_SPU2G_BISTPE_SPU2G_BIST_1620PE_TX_L_COAMPE_BDT_LPE_TOOLSO&M AMNU LOADRSL AMNU LOADAMNU BOOTSPU EGAL1SPU EGAL2SPU 1620BIST SPUBIST SPU 1620TXBDTPL TOOLSe–DRX Informations not available Informations not availableTable 4–4 S8000 BTS: DRX AND e–DRX software product names

Software descrIption Nortel Networks Confidential4–4PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V124.1.2.5 S8002/S8006 BTS DRX/e–DRX softwareThe software products AMNU, SPU, DLU, BOOT, TX, BDT and BISTs are listedbelow:AMNU: It is the DRX/e–DRX management unit.SPU: it enables level 1 radio communication with the mobile.BDT: It extracts the GSM TIME carried on the private PCM.TX: It manages and monitors radio transmission. it is installed on each DRXboard. It defines the FH bus input from which the TRX reads data, and defines thetransmission power to be used. it also forwards TX alarms to the CMCF andcontrols the Power Amplifier (PA).BISTs: Basis hardware self test programs of a BTS subsystem. An exemple is theAMNU BIST which tests the components of the AMNU such as memory.AMNU, BISTS, TX BOOT, BDT BOOT, and optionnally Cyphering ASICsoftwares are installed in factory.Board Sofware product name Software product typeAMNU PE_AMNU_LPE_AMNU_B LoadBootSPU PE_SPU2G_EGAL_2PE_SPU2G_DLU_DCS LoadLoadTX PE_TX_L_GSM LoadBDT PE_BDT_L LoadTable 4–5 S8002 BTS: DRX software product names

Software descrIptionNortel Networks Confidential 4–5S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualBoard Sofware product name Software product typeAMNU PE_AMNU_COAM_LPE_AMNU_COAM_BPE_AMNU_BOOT_BOOTPE_BOOT_INTERPE_AMNU_RSL_LPE_AMNU_OML_LLoadBootBoot BootBootRSL AMNU LoadO&M AMNU loadSPU PE_SPU2G_1620_LPE_SPU2G_BIST_1620 LoadBistTX PE_TX_L_COAMPE_TX_OM_L LoadTX O&M LoadBDT PE_BDT_L LoadPE_TOOLS PL ToolsTable 4–6 S8006 BTS: DRX software product namesNote: The e–DRX informations are not available

Software descrIption Nortel Networks Confidential4–6PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V124.2 BTS software functionsBTS software is distributed among three major units (see Figure 4–1 andFigure 4–2):The DRX (or e–DRX) unit is designed to transmit and receive (modulate anddemodulate) and manage TDMA frames on the radio channel.The CBCF and BCF manage their slave units:•CBCF: CPCMI, RECAL, DRX (or e–DRX), CC8•BCF: ALCO, DSC, DRX Interface, PCMI, Tx, and SYNCThe TIL unit is used for in–factory testing of the BTS, and to configure, control,and supervise the BTS on site.The following terms are used in this chapter:BIST: Basic hardware self–test programs of a BTS subsystem subassembly.These tests validate a subassembly intrinsically, without disturbing the othersubassemblies. An example is the AMNU BIST, which tests the components(such as memory) of the AMNU unit on the DRX logical board.Self–tests: Global, functional test programs, which use several subassemblies inorder to validate an assembly (such as the DRX or e–DRX). These tests can bebroken down into tests of more or less elementary functions. This may requireexternal equipment (so the term may be misleading).Downloading: A process which consists of installing, in the DRX or e–DRX(logical part), software from an external entity (terminal, Ethernet network,BSC, etc.).Loading: A process used to load, into the subassemblies of the DRX or e–DRX(logical part), the software it requires for its nominal operation.4.2.1 DRX or e–DRX software functionsIt is downloaded by the BSC, configured and supervised by the BSC and the CSWM(BCF) or CMCF (CBCF) through a LAPD link and a serial link. It serves as agateway between the radio channel and the BSC. It handles both signaling and voicefor all the logical channels carried by a given TDMA frame.The module has four functions:The AMNU (LAPDm, L3 RSL, L3 O&M) is the DRX’s management unit.The SPU is a gateway between the radio network and the BSC.TX and RX manage radio transmission and transmission.The BDT manages the GSM TIME.

Software descrIptionNortel Networks Confidential 4–7S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualEthernetL3–RSLL3–O&M–AMNULAPDmSPURXLAPDBDTL3–PCMIL3–DSCLAPDROTL3–SYNL3–ALCOGTWTILDRX (*)BCFBSCL1–O&ML1–ALCOL2–O&ML3–O&M–CSWML1–O&MN3–TX L3–O&M L1–O&ML1–BDTNota : (*) DRX ou e–DRX.L3–TILRadiosignalinputRadiosignaloutputPAcontrolAlarmsFHbusInternal PCMsExternalPCMsFigure 4–1 Software functions (with BCF)

Software descrIption Nortel Networks Confidential4–8PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12TILOSKERNELABISO&MKERNELO&MspecificGroup of slavemanagersOS specific(BSP)CBCFDRX (*)Group of slaveequipment CPCMI RECALNote: (*) DRX or e–DRX.Figure 4–2 Software functions (with CBCF)

Software descrIptionNortel Networks Confidential 4–9S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualL3 O&M AMNUThis software unit centralizes the operating and maintenance functions:initialitization and monitoring of BISTsconnection with Abisdownloading and software markingconfigurationdefense and alarmstool functionstransmission of GSM TIME to BDT, and of O&M to TXL3 RSLThis software unit represents the Radio Resource (RR) and the radio measurementsfunction (L1M) in the BTS:radio link layer managementdedicated channel managementcommon channel managementTRX managementerror handlingmeasurement collectingmeasurement pre–processing (for power control by the BTS, and for callclearing and handover decision for the BSC)LAPDmThis software unit provides the LAPDm radio level 2 protocol with the mobile.SPUThis software unit enables the level 1 radio communication with the mobile totransmit and receive:gateway between radio and terrestrial network (Abis) for the traffic channelmultiplexing and demultiplexing of the logical channels on physical channelsRXThis software unit provides the radioelectrical reception function.

Software descrIption Nortel Networks Confidential4–10PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12L3 TXThis software unit manages and monitors radio transmission. It is installed in eachDRX board. It sets the transmitter operation mode, defines the FH bus input fromwhich the TX should read data, and defines the transmission power to be used. Italso forwards TX alarms to the CSWM and controls the Power Amplifier (PA).L1 BDTThis software unit extracts the GSM TIME carried on the PCMp (GSM TIME TS)for the BDT unit.LAPDThis software unit manages the LAPD link level 2 protocol on PCM between DRXand BSC.L1 O&M, L2 O&MThese software units manage the link level 1 & 2 protocol on private PCMs betweenDRX and CSWM.4.2.1.1 DefenseThe DRX (or e–DRX) board carries out no defense actions by itself.4.2.2 BCF software functionsThe Base Common Functions unit (BCF) is located in the cabinet. It is downloadedby the BSC, it provides the interface between the BTS and its Base StationController (BSC). It also handles the following functions:It sets the signaling channel and physical path concentration.It generates and distributes the GSM time to all BTS units.It monitors and detects all BTS alarms.It correlates some BTS alarms in order to provide to the BSC a logical state of theBTS, by using the event reporting procedure. The DRX is still monitored partlyby the BCF (TX) and partly by the DRX (AMNU/SPU).It provides local protection of some BTS modules, by implementing redundantequipment units.Synchronization unit level 3 layer (L3–SYN)This software unit is installed in each synchronization unit. It monitorssynchronization board switching, and sends a message to the CSWM wheneverswitching occurs.

Software descrIptionNortel Networks Confidential 4–11S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualAlarm unit level 3 layer (L3–ALCO)This software unit is installed in the ALCO board. It makes it possible to set theboard alarm loops, under CSWM control. It sends all alarm and control loop statesto the CSWM.Dual PCM link unit level 3 layer (L3–PCMI)This software is installed in each PCMI board. It makes it possible to configure theboard, and monitors the board and the two associated PCM link operations. It alsocarries out signaling to the CSWM when a failure occurs.Concentrator unit level 3 layer (L3–DSC)This software unit is installed in each DSC board and enables board configuration;It concentrates the signaling of several DRX (or e–DRX) units onto the BSCsignaling channel, and conversely separates BSC signaling and routes it towards theDRX units.L1 BDTThis level interfaces the GSM TIME bus with a dedicated TS of all private PCMlinks.ROTThis level formats into frames the character flow coming from ROT, and routesthese frames towards the OMC.LAPD management (LAPD)This software unit manages a LAPD link between the CSWM and the BSC throughthe DSCs.L3 O&M CSWMThe main functions of this layer are the following:conversion between GSM entities and hardware entitiesconfiguration of the internal PCM linksconfiguration of the FH bussupervision of the different slave equipments (PCMI, DSC, TX, ALCO, SYNC,GTW, switching matrix, O&M bus)management of the duplex

Software descrIption Nortel Networks Confidential4–12PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V124.2.2.1 DefenseThe BCF contains several defense mechanisms:paired units operating in active/standby mode:•two synchronization boards (SYNC)•two gateway boards (GTW)•two control and switching boards (CSWM). In order to provide switching inwarm duplex mode, the standby chain is updated in real time.redundant units:•one DSC board can be reserved for redundant use•one PCM interface bord can be reserved for redundant use.4.2.3 CBCF software functionsCBCF Software is based on a COAM software architecture, which is composed ofthree main parts:common software for various BTS products•OS Kernel•O&M KernelBTS–specific software dedicated to a BTS product•OS–specific•O&M–specificslave managersThe COAM architecture is shown in Figure 4–3.The CBCF software manages the following O&M functions:PCM managementconfiguration and supervision managementsoftware managementsynchronization managementtest managementduplex management

Software descrIptionNortel Networks Confidential 4–13S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualLayers 2Layer 3 accessLayers 2Layer 3 accessSoftwaremanagement Abis managementEquipmentmanager ConnectionmanagerRadioresourcemanagerSynchromanagerInterlayer CBCFSlave managersDRXmanager CPCMImanager RECALmanagerSchedulerDuplexManagerO&MkernelCBCFTILBSCDRX (*)equipment CPCMIequipment RECALequipmentNote: (*) DRX or e–DRX.Figure 4–3 COAM architecture on the CBCF

Software descrIption Nortel Networks Confidential4–14PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V124.2.3.1 PCM ManagementThis function selects one of the incoming PCMs for communication with the BSC.It then routes PCM TSs to the appropriate equipment in the BTS as the BSCrequests. Other PCM TSs are routed toward another PCM to allow drop & insertfunctionality.This function also ensures LAPD concentration.4.2.3.2 Configuration and supervision managementThis function translates the OML A–bis model into a physical model to offer astandardized configuration and supervision to the BSC. The CBCF acts as an A–bisfront end toward the BSC for configuration and supervision purposes. It is the onlylink for configuration messages coming from the BSC. The CBCF uses theCBCF/DRX protocol to drive any actions concerning the DRX4.2.3.3 Software managementThe CBCF performs software management for the BTS and provides the only linkfor downloading messages from the BSC. When a RECAL or CPCMI board isdownloaded, the CBCF/Slave protocol is used.4.2.3.4 Synchronization managementThe CBCF builds the GSM time and provides it to the DRX via a TS or a privatePCM. External PCMs ensure long term stability.4.2.3.5 Test ManagementThe CBCF coordinates all BTS tests. When an installation or maintenance actionaffects a DRX, the DRX is driven by the CBCF using the CBCF/DRX Protocol.4.2.3.6 Duplex ManagementThe COAM software manages a cold and hot duplex modes.

Software descrIptionNortel Networks Confidential 4–15S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual4.2.4 TIL software functionsTIL is an application running on a PC in the WINDOWS 95 environment. The TILapplication is connected to the BCF or CBCF through an ethernet connection.The TIL is designed to do the following:validate the BTS in the factoryinstall the BTS siteperform diagnostics of hardware problemscheck equipment substitutioncheck the equipment extension within a cabinetEthernetThis unit is installed in the PC. It provides the level 1 and 2 communication layer.Level 1 is a hardware driver. The level 2 protocol is an LAPD UI frame. TCP–IPProtocol is used.L3 TILThis software unit manages all the boards of the BTS by establishment of a networkwith all the GSM entities of the BTS. It integrates the factory and installation testenvironment.The TIL takes the following testing into consideration:the conformity of the cabinet configurationthe validity of the data linksthe external BTS PCMthe connectors in the cabinet for cabinet extensions

Software descrIption Nortel Networks Confidential4–16PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Dimensioning rulesNortel Networks Confidential 5–1S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual5 DIMENSIONING RULES5.1 Generalities on dimensioningBase Transceiver Stations (BTS) have to be dimensioned on both the radio and Abisinterfaces.The dimensions of the interface with the Base Station Controller (BSC) is calculatedon the basis of traffic handled on the Abis interface PCM links.5.1.1 RADIO interface dimensionsThe dimensions of the radio interface with Mobile Stations (MS) are calculated onthe basis of the number of Traffic Channels (TCH) needed to handle the traffic, thenumber of SDCCH/8, BCCH channels and the control channel (RACH, PCH,AGCH) dimensions.5.1.1.1 Traffic (TCH), signaling (SDCCH/8) and broadcasting (BCCH) channelsEach transceiver (TRX) manages eight channels that can each support traffic(TCH), signaling (SDCCH), broadcasting (BCCH) and control (RACH, PCH,AGCH) channels.The average occupation of a traffic channel is 100 seconds per call forapproximately 15 seconds of occupation of a signaling channel. In all cases abroadcasting channel is reserved for use by BCCH frequency filling and controlchannel support.Depending on the position of cells in relation to the location area, the number ofSDCCH channels is liable to change:The SDCCH channel payload in cells in outer location areas is increased bylocation updating procedures.The same dimensioning rules govern multi–cell sites since each cell operatesindependently at radio level.The number of TCH in a TDMA depends on the type of the TDMA:M054E123

Dimensioning rules Nortel Networks Confidential5–2PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Standard cellTS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 à TS7C:combined TDMA for low traffic BCCH+SDCCH/4 TCH TCH TCHc:combined TDMA for low traffic BCCH+SDCCH/4+CBCHTCH TCH TCHB:TDMA for standard traffic BCCH SDCCH/8 TCH TCHb1:TDMA for standard traffic BCCH SDCCH/8+ CBCH TCH TCHb2:TDMA for standard traffic BCCH TCH TCH TCHS:Extension TDMA TCH SDCCH/8 TCH TCHS1:Extension TDMA (if DRX) TCH SDCCH/8 SDCCH/8 TCHs:Extension TDMA TCH SDCCH/8+CBCH TCH TCHs1:Extension TDMA (if DRX) TCH SDCCH/8+CBCH SDCCH/8 TCHT:Traffic TDMA TCH TCH TCH TCH

Dimensioning rulesNortel Networks Confidential 5–3S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualExtended cellTS0 TS1, 3, 5, 7 TS2 TS4, 6C_ext:combined TDMA for lowtrafficBCCH+SDCCH/4 TCH TCHc_ext:combined TDMA for lowtrafficBCCH+SDCCH/4+CBCHTCH TCHB_ext:TDMA for standard traffic BCCH SDCCH/8 TCHb1_ext:TDMA for standard traffic BCCH SDCCH/8+CBCH TCHb2_ext:TDMA for standard traffic BCCH TCH TCHS_ext:Extension TDMA TCH SDCCH/8 TCHs_ext:Extension TDMA TCH SDCCH/8+ CBCH TCHT_ext:Traffic TDMA TCH TCH TCHExtended ccchTS0 TS1, 3, 5, 7 TS2 TS4 TS6b3:TDMA forstandard trafficBCCH TCH CCCH TCH TCHb4:TDMA forstandard traffic BCCH TCH CCCH CCCH TCHb5:TDMA forstandard trafficBCCH TCH CCCH CCCH CCCH

Dimensioning rules Nortel Networks Confidential5–4PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V125.1.1.2 AGCH + PCH common channelThe channel payload is largely induced by “paging” messages used for locating theMS with a view to setting up a call. The remaining load is taken up by resourceallocation messages issued by the AGCH for location updating purposes, pagingresponses and calls emitted by MS onto the fixed network.The rule is to systematically reserve at least one access grant channel (AGCH).By dimensioning paging channels a single common channel is occupied even whenthe needs of high capacity base station, wide location area and paging repeatmessage have to be covered .5.1.2 Abis Interface dimensioningTime slots at 64 kbit/s are needed to convey user traffic along the TCH between theBSC and BTS. Each cell must continuously transmit the BCCH frequency.The traffic channel supports user traffic and signaling channels used for trafficmanagement functions and operation/maintenance purposes. TCH channels areconcentrated on radio sites and conveyed onto the Abis interface. Differentconfigurations are possible on Abis interface. Each of them, is shown onFigure 5–1.5.1.2.1 Drop and insert techniquesTwo types of connections allow drop and insert technique: chain connection andloop connection.Chain connectionThe same external PCM link enables the connections between BSC and several BaseTransceiver Station (BTS) equipments.Each BTS uses a set of 64 kbit/s time slots.Loop connectionFor a chain connection, if one link between two BTSs fails, all the BTSs will be lost.However, to correct this disadvantage, the last BTS in the chain is looped back tothe BSC using a PCM link. It is then possible to reconfigure the BTS units.This drop and insert capability does not require any additional or specificequipment, or any specific software. When a BTS is being configured, the 64 kbit/stime slots are reserved for its usage. All other time slots stay in the “dropped”position.The drop and insert techniques obey to the following rules:

Dimensioning rulesNortel Networks Confidential 5–5S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference ManualWiring rule: a PCM link enters via an even DTI board (2. n) and leaves via an oddDTI board (2.n + 1).TEI rule: from the first BTS to the last BTS chained, the TEI number assigned toeach BTS must be increased by 1.Number of TCHs and secondary LAPD:2 x number of TRXsnumber of PCMs connected to the BTS + secondary LAPDwithout taking into account redundant PCM links. In the case of a loop linksconfiguration, the number of PCM links connected to the BTS is equal to 1.In order to avoid LAPD crossing, the wiring and TEI rules must be applied.

Dimensioning rules Nortel Networks Confidential5–6PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12StarconnectionChainconnection AbisInterfaceBTS BTSBTSBTSBTS BTSBTSBTSBTSBTSBSCBTSLoop connectionRadioInterfaceHub and Spoke connectionFigure 5–1 Types of BTS connections

Dimensioning rulesNortel Networks Confidential 5–7S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual5.2 Dimensioning of the BTS5.2.1 ConfigurationsThe maximum configurations are as follows:omnidirectional with one cabinet: 1O1 to 1O8omnidirectional with two cabinets: 2O16sectorial: up to a 3S888hexasectorial: up to 666_222 (dualband configuration)

Dimensioning rules Nortel Networks Confidential5–8PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V125.2.2 Dimensioning of radio and Abis interfacesTable 5–1 determines the number of traffic channels (TCH) required per cell, withan assumption of 25 mE/subscriber at peak time. The jam rate is 2% for the TCHsand 10–3 for SDCCH.Config. Standard cell Extended cell LAPDchannels Voicetime slot PCM No.Erlangs TCH Erlangs TCHO1 2.27 6 0.6 3 1 2 1O2 8.20 14 2.23 6 1 4 1O4 21.0 29 8.20 14 1 8 1O8 48.7 59 21 29 1 16 1S11 4.54 12 1.2 6 1 4 1S44 42 58 16.4 28 1 16 1S111 6.81 18 1.8 9 1 6 1S222 24.6 42 6.69 18 1 12 1S233 36.2 56 17.6 26 1 16 1S224 37.4 57 12.7 26 1 16 1S333 42 63 23.1 30 3 18 1S444 63 87 24.6 42 3 24 1 (E1) or 2 (T1)S555 81.9 108 34.5 54 3 30 2S666 104 132 42 63 3 36 2S777 126 153 52.5 75 3 42 2S888 146 177 63 87 3 48 2 (E1) or 3 (T1)111_111 13.62 36 – – 1 12 1222_222 49.2 84 – – 2 24 1 (E1) or 2 (T1)444_222 87.6 129 – – 3 36 2444–444 126 174 – – 3 48 2 (E1) or 3 (T1)555_333 123.9 171 – – 3 48 2666_222 128.7 174 – – 3 48 2Blockage rate: 2%, with full–speed TCUWith measurement pre–processing: 8 DRXs (or e–DRXs) / LAPDTable 5–1 Dimensioning of radio and Abis interfaces

Dimensioning rulesNortel Networks Confidential 5–9S8000/S8002/S8006 BTS Reference Manual5.2.3 Dimensioning of DSC board (with BCF)5.2.3.1 Design of DSC boardsThe following table gives the number of DSC boards required according to thenumber of cells and the number of concentrated signaling links (withoutredundancy).Cell 1 LAPD 2 LAPD 3 LAPD11 DSC – –21 DSC 2 DSC –31 DSC 2 DSC 3 DSC41 DSC 2 DSC 3 DSC51 DSC 2 DSC 3 DSC61 DSC 2 DSC 3 DSCTable 5–2 Board dimensioningIf at a given time, the number of DSCs available is less than the number given inthis table, the entire site is lost until the number of DSCs is again correct. It istherefore strongly recommended to have a redundant DSC board.The number of TEI that can be handled by one LAPD link is limited to 8.Two cells cannot share the same LAPD unless the whole site is carried by theprimary LAPD, except in case of an hexadecimal site.TEI of the same cell must have the same LAPD number (if a cell has less than eightTEIs), two TEIs of different cells can also have the same concentrated channel.There must be one DSC board per LAPD time slot: 1 DSC board can handle onlyone LAPD and vice versa one LAPD must be associated with a single board.5.3 ConfigurationsTable 5–3 presents the possible configurations for the S8000 Indoor andS8000 Outdoor for each coupling system. The configurations indicated in thetable below are highest configurations. They are not always available within thethree frequency bands. This table is given for refrence only.Note that the number of converters in a cabinet can be depopulated according thenumber of DRXs (or e–DRXs) in the cabinet.

Dimensioning rules Nortel Networks Confidential5–10PE/DCL/DD/0063411–9001–063 Standard 12.07/EN September 2000 GSM/BSS V12Coupling Frequency bandCouplingsystem Configuration S8000I BTS S8000O BTS S8002 BTS S8006 BTSD1O1 to 1S222 GSM 900,GSM 1800R–GSM,GSM 900, GSM 1800GSM 1900,R–GSM2S111_111 to2S222_222 Dual band900/1800 Dual band900/1800O2 R–GSMD + CC8 2O16 to 3S888 GSM 1800with CBCFmoduleH2D 1O1_O1 to 1O4_O4 Dual band900/1800 Dual band900/18001O1 to 3S888 * GSM 900, GSM 1800 GSM 900, GSM 1800,GSM 19003S111_111 to3S444_444 Dual band900/1800 Dual band900/1800S222, S42, S24, S33 GSM 1800H4D 1O1 to 3S888 GSM 900,GSM 1800 GSM 900, GSM 1800GSM 19006S16–16–16 GSM 900, 6S16–16–16 GSM 900, GSM 1800D + H2D ** 3S111_111 to3S444_222 Dual band 900 /1800 Dual band 900 /18002D+2TxF 1O1 to 2S44 GSM 900, GSM 1800, GSM 1900GSM 900,GSM 1800, GSM 1900H2D+H4D2H2D+H4D2D+2H2D1O2 to 3S8881O2 to 3S8881O2 to 3S666GSM 900, GSM 1800 GSM 900, GSM 1800, GSM 1900* Four antennas or two cross–polar antennas are required. ** With BSS restrictions.Note: The following values apply for all table entries:PA = 30 WRx Splitter = Splitter 1*4 + LNA Receive sensitivity = –110 dBm guaranteed (If diversity and frequency hopping are considered,the receive sensitivity is –115 dBm guaranteed.)Table 5–3 Various configurations with each coupling system

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