Andrew EOCELL24RMT EOCell Transceiver System User Manual 2400 MHz EOCell FO DAS Rev L

Andrew Corporation EOCell Transceiver System 2400 MHz EOCell FO DAS Rev L

user manual

22440000 MMHHzz EEOOCCeellll TTrraannsscceeiivveerr SSyysstteemm Installation and Users Guide Copyright Andrew Corporation February 2008
ii Proprietary Information This document is the property of Andrew Corporation. The information contained herein is proprietary to Andrew, and no part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Andrew. Disclaimer Andrew reserves the right to make changes, without notice, to the specifications and materials contained herein. While we have worked diligently to insure every element presented is correct, we shall not be responsible for errors. For the latest product information and technical specifications, please see the contact information below. © Copyright Andrew Corporation, February 2008, Printed in USA, All rights reserved. FCC Notice This equipment complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. Warnings All persons must be 30 cm or more from the system antennas to comply with FCC rules for RF exposure from spread spectrum transmitters in the 2400 MHz band. This device has been designed to operate with an antenna having a maximum gain of 12 dB. Antenna having a higher gain is strictly prohibited per regulations of Industry Canada. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) is not more than that required for successful communication. Trademarks EOCell™ is a trademark of Andrew Corporation. All other trademarks belong to their respective owner.
iii Contact Information For more information about Andrew’s capabilities to extend RF signals coverage into structures, including office buildings, shopping complexes, warehouses, tunnels, and mines, please contact us using the information below: Andrew Corporation Distributed Communications Systems 2601 Telecom Parkway Richardson, Texas 75082 Attention: Mr. Matthew Thomas E-mail:matthew.thomas@andrew.com Fax: (972) 952-0018 Voice: (972) 952-9700 Andrew Corporation Andrew Corporation is a global designer, manufacturer, and supplier of communications equipment, services, and systems. Andrew products and expertise are found in communications systems throughout the world; including wireless and distributed communications, land mobile radio, cellular and personal communications, broadcast, radar, and navigation. The Andrew "Flash" trademark seen on the cover can also be seen in every corner of the world on broadcast towers and microwave antennas, HELIAX® and RADIAX® cables, communications and computer networking equipment. The mark of Andrew for more than 60 years, it is the benchmark of quality wherever it appears. It is a symbol of commitment to customer satisfaction from the 4,500-plus employees of Andrew Corporation. We are listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange under symbol “ANDW.” To learn more about us, please visit our web site at www.andrew.com. Andrew In-Building Wireless Experience The Andrew Corporation Wireless Innovations Group (WIG) has over 15 years experience designing, installing, and managing large complex RF distribution systems for metropolitan railways, building owners, and public mobile radio and telephone operators throughout the world. For clients who do not need turnkey solutions, we offer product sales or product sales with engineering support services. Andrew offers a range of products to meet requirements of the in-building market. In the early 1980’s Andrew developed leaky cables as an adjunct to our coaxial cable business. This product quickly led us to pursuing and executing wireless RF coverage in confined spaces such as metros, road tunnels, and buildings. Through these projects, our Distributed Communications Systems division acquired critical experience in project management and RF engineering of these systems.
iv Section 1: 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System Description ......................................... 1-1 Section 2: 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System Equipment Description..................... 2-1 Section 3: 2400 MHz EOCell™ System Cabling..................................................................... 3-1 Section 4: Implementations Using the Andrew EOCell™ System........................................ 4-1 Section 5: EOCell™ Network Monitoring Capabilities.........................................................5-1 Section 6: Fiber Optic Cable Installation Guide..................................................................... 6-1
1-1 Section 1: 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System Description 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System Page 1-2 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver Electrical System Specifications Page 1-3 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System Mechanical/Environmental Specifications Page 1-5 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System Theory of Operation Page 1-6 Downlink Signal Flow Page 1-7 Uplink Signal Flow Page 1-7
1-2 • 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System The Andrew 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System is an RF to Fiber system for Bombardier’s second generation ATC Radio System. The 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System interfaces directly with a BTS / radio and distributes the RF signals to a distributed antenna system that provide improved downlink and uplink performance. The 2400 MHz EOCell™ system uses multiple Remote Fiber Fed Amplifier Units (RFFAUs) located within the building or tunnel to optimize communications with portables and mobile radios. Each RFFAU is connected to a EOCell™ Master Rack by two single mode fiber optic cables that provide downlink and uplink signals to and from the RFFAUs. The Andrew 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System is used to provide a wireless RF network infrastructure within buildings, high rises, shopping malls, airports, tunnels and other confined structures where outside wireless signals do not penetrate or propagate well. The 2400 MHz EOCell™ system allows portable and mobile radio users to use their radios in indoor areas that previously could not communicate with the wireless communication system. Key 2400 MHz EOCell™ features: • The 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System operates with Bombardier second generation ATC Radio System. • High downlink output power and low uplink noise figure result in an indoor Distributed Antenna System (DAS) with a large coverage area. • Predictable performance reduces design and implementation time. • Single mode fiber optic cable used for wide bandwidth and low loss. • Supports spread spectrum modulation in the 2400 MHz frequency band. • Easy to install, only 2 small cables required to each remote amplifier unit. • Flexible installation, cabling and configuration for multiple applications. • Direct optical modulation of laser diode, no frequency up and down conversion. • Continuous system built-in-test function provides remote alarm and local indicators in case of faults in the equipment or the fiber optic cables. The 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System uses low-loss fiber optic cables to distribute the wireless signal throughout the building/tunnel to multiple remote antennas. The single mode fiber optic cables used in the 2400 MHz EOCell system ensures that each of the RFFAU has predictable coverage area and RF performance, regardless of how far the remote antenna is from the central RF hub. The basic 2400 MHz EOCell system consists of one Master Fiber Optic Transceiver Chassis (MFOTC) that interfaces with up to eight (8) Remote Fiber Fed Amplifier Units.
1-3 The 2400 MHz EOCell Transceiver System is designed to interface to the external wireless infrastructure by directly interfacing to an indoor base station / base radio through a coax jumper. The 2400 MHz EOCell Transceiver System converts the RF signals from the base station / base radio and the portable and mobile radios into optical signals. The 2400 MHz EOCell Transceiver System, uses low loss fiber optic cables to distribute the optical signals throughout the required coverage area, and then converts the signals back to RF signals for radio transmission. The 2400 MHz EOCell Transceiver System is designed to cover large areas with a minimum amount of hardware and cabling, reducing system cost, installation time and maintenance. The 2400 MHz EOCell Transceiver System can support 24 RFFAUs per base station / base radio. Figure 1-1 shows one 2400 MHz EOCell MFOTC that has 8 transceivers, an alarm board, and a two (2) power supply modules. Only one power supply module is necessary, but a second can be used for redundancy. Figure 1-1. 2400 MHz EOCell™ MFOTC The 385700-5000-001 to -004 systems consist of the Andrew EOCell Remote model number 385700-5000, the Andrew EOCell Master model number 385700-6000 and the Invensys Safetran Spread Spectrum Radio model number ATC-24027 and Andrew RADIAX antenna p/n (s) RCT6-S-1A-AX, RCT6-S-1A-RN, RCT6-S-1A-RNT1 or RCT6-S-1A-RNT. The electrical characteristics are equal on all RADIAX antennas. The main difference between RADIAX types is the fire rating. The system can also be used with a horn antenna up to 12dBi.
1-4 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver Electrical System Specifications PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS Downlink Frequency Band 2440 – 2480 MHz Uplink Frequency Band 2400 – 2440 MHz Maximum number of remote cells per base station / base radio 24 Maximum distance between Master and Remote 20 km Master Chassis Downlink (TX) Signal Level at MFOTC TX input +5 dBm Remote Downlink Signal Level Output (maximum) * +27.5 dBm min (1-port model) +24.0 dBm min (2-port model) +22.5 dBm min (3-port model) +20.5 dBm min (4-port model) System Antenna Interface (remote) N-female connector. One-port model, Dual port (internal 2-way power splitter), Three-port (internal 3-way power splitter) and Four-port (internal 4-way power splitter). Diagnostic Alarms Failure of optical signals, power amplifiers, LNAs, and thermal limits * For equipment operated in the United States, the Remote Downlink Signal Level Output (in dBm), the Output (per port) is specified based on the number of fiber optic transceivers configured in the MFOTC and antenna selection as shown in Table 1-1: Using 12 dBi Fixed Point-to-Point Antenna No. of transceivers in MFOTC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1-port model +27.5 +24.5 +23.0 +21.5 +20.5 +20.0 +19.0 +18.5 2-port model +24.5 +21.5 +20.0 +18.5 +17.5 +17.0 +16.5 +15.5 3-port model +23.0 +20.0 +18.0 +17.0 +16.0 +15.0 +14.5 +14.0 4-port model +21.5 +18.5 +17.0 +15.5 +14.5 +14.0 +13.5 +12.5 Using Radiating (RADIAX®) Cable Antenna No. of transceivers in MFOTC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1-port model +27.5 +26.5 +25.0 +23.5 +22.5 +22.0 +21.0 +20.5 2-port model +26.5 +23.5 +22.0 +20.5 +20.0 +19.0 +18.5 +17.5 3-port model +25.0 +22.0 +20.0 +19.0 +18.0 +17.0 +16.5 +16.0 4-port model +23.5 +20.5 +19.0 +17.5 +16.5 +16.0 +15.5 +14.5 Table 1-1. 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System Specification
1-5 • 2400 MHzEOCell™ Transceiver System Mechanical/Environmental Specifications PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS AC Input Power 110 – 230 VAC (50-60 Hz) Operating Temperature Range -40 to +60C (heater provided by Bombardier for operation below –20 C). Space and power for heater inside enclosure. Remote Fiber Optic Cable Entry Conduit knockout (1.375 in diameter circular opening), bottom entry. Identified with “FO” on external surface of enclosure. Remote Power Cable Entry Conduit knockout (1.375 in diameter circular opening), bottom entry. Identified with “110-230VAC” on the external surface of enclosure. Internal circuit breaker for AC. High voltage terminals (if any) must be covered for safety. Remote RF Connection Bulkhead N-female, bottom entry. Identified with “RF1”, “RF2”, “RF3”, “RF4” on bottom of enclosure. Remote Chassis Ground External ground stud, side of enclosure. Size suitable for AWG #4 cable. Remote Enclosure NEMA 4X. Hinged access cover. Optional fully-removable cover to be made available. Remote Electromagnetic Compatibility Surge suppression on AC power and RF connection. Complies with applicable FCC, CSA and CE standards. Per unit (remote or master) reliability >50,000 hour MTBF Remote Weight 59 lbs (26.7 kg) maximum Remote Mounting 4 external mounting lugs (two top / two bottom). Size of lugs to be determined by weight of unit. Master Rack Chassis Dim. 19 in. x 15.8 in. x 6.41 in. Remote Amplifier Chassis Dim. 20 in. x 16 in. x 8 in. Remote Amplifier Enclosure Type Wall Mount Fiber Optic Connections FC/APC Fiber Optic Cable Single Mode Table 1-2. 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System Specification
1-6 • 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System Theory of Operation Since no two in-building or tunnel coverage requirements are the same, in-building/tunnel RF coverage solutions may involve one or a combination of RF coverage methods. Andrew can provide several solutions to optimize the indoor RF coverage for a wide range of indoor applications. The 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System complements other Andrew in-building RF coverage methods such as passive and active leaky feeder RF distribution networks using Radiax cable, passive distributed antenna systems and active distributed antenna systems. In-building wireless systems are typically connected to a BTS / radio system located within the building. The 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System uses low loss single mode fiber optic cables to distribute the uplink and downlink signals throughout buildings or tunnels. The 2400 MHz EOCell Transceiver System uses direct analog modulation of the RF signal onto the optical signal through a laser diode. The modulated optical signal from the laser travels over the fiber optic cable to a photo diode, which converts the optical signal back to an electrical signal. There is no frequency conversion (i.e. mixing the signal up and down to an IF frequency). Because of the direct RF to optical conversion, the 2400 MHz EOCell system is technology transparent, easily passing any type of modulation. Master Fiber OpticTransceiver ChassisEOEODLULUp to 8 RFFAUs Remote FiberFed Amplifier Unit RadiaxRadiaxDuplexerDLUL1:3To/From BTS orRadioTo/FromMFOTC Figure 1-2. 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System Block Diagram
1-7 • Downlink Signal Flow The downlink signal is the signal that is transmitted from the base station / base radio and received by the portable or mobile radio. In the 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System the MFOTC receives the downlink RF signal from a base station / base radio, converts the signal into multiple identical optical signals and distributes the optical signals to RFFAUs that are located throughout the coverage area. The RFFAU receives the optical downlink signal and converts it back to an RF signal, which is then broadcast to portable and mobile radios located within the coverage area. If the 2400 MHz EOCell Transceiver System is connected directly to indoor base station / base radio equipment, the downlink is supplied to the MFOTC via a coax cable from the base station / base radio. The wireless downlink signal is received through the Type N connector on the rear panel of the MFOTC and is split into multiple identical RF signals, one for each fiber optic transceiver in the MFOTC. A laser diode at each MFOTC transceiver converts the RF signal into an optical signal. The optical signal for each MFOTC transceiver is transmitted through the Tx fiber optic bulkhead connector, through a single mode fiber optic cable to the Rx fiber optic connector on the RFFAU. The RFFAU converts the optical downlink signal back to an RF signal using a photodiode. The RF downlink signal is amplified, filtered and then passed through the RFFAU Type N connector to an antenna or leaky feeder cable where it is transmitted to the portable or mobile radio. • Uplink Signal Flow The uplink signal is the signal that is transmitted from the portable or mobile radio and received by the base station / base radio. In the 2400 MHz EOCell Transceiver System, an antenna or leaky feeder cable receives the uplink RF signal from the portable or mobile radio and passes the uplink signal to the RFFAU through the Type N connector located on the bottom panel of the RFFAU. The RFFAU amplifies and filters the uplink RF signal and then converts the RF signal into an optical signal using a laser diode. The optical signal passes through the Tx fiber optic connector, through a single mode fiber optic cable to the Rx fiber optic bulkhead connector on the MFOTC. The MFOTC converts the received optical uplink signal back to an RF signal with a photodiode. The uplink signals from each of the remote amplifier units are combined together to pass through the Type N RF connector on the back of the MFOTC and then up to the base station / base radio.
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 2-1 Section 2: 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System Equipment Description MFOTC Description Page 2-2 MFOTC AC Power Interface Page 2-3 MFOTC RF Interface Page 2-3 MFOTC Optical Interface Page 2-3 MFOTC Front Panel Page 2-3 MFOTC Rear Panel Page 2-5 2400 MHz EOCell ™ Remote Fiber Fed Amplifier Unit (RFFAU) Page 2-5 RFFAU RF Interface Page 2-5 RFFAU Optical Interface Page 2-7 RFFAU Bottom Panel Page 2-8
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 2-2 • MFOTC Description The Master Fiber Optic Transceiver Chassis (MFOTC) is the central hub of the 2400 MHz EOCell™ Transceiver System. The MFOTC is housed in a standard 4U tall, 19” rack mount chassis for mounting in equipment racks or telecom racks. The MFOTC interfaces to the external wireless infrastructure through an in-building base station / base radio that sends and receives signals to an outdoor base station / base radio that is located nearby the building. The MFOTC simultaneously passes the RF downlink signal from the base station / base radio to the indoor portable and mobile radios while passing RF uplink signals from the indoor portable and mobile radios to the base station / base radio. The MFOTC splits the downlink RF signals for distribution to up to eight (8) Remote Fiber Fed Amplifier Units (RFFAUs) via fiber optic interfaces. The MFOTC also receives and combines the uplink signals from up to eight (8) RFFAUs for distribution to the base station / base radio. For system fault detection, the MFOTC transceivers communicate alarms on an FSK sub-carrier that is used to continuously monitor uplink and downlink signal paths. Faults with any of the RFFAUs or any of the optical downlink or uplink cables cause software alarms available from the alarm board in the MFOTC. The LEDs on the RRFAU and MFOTC transceivers will also show errors as described in table 5-1. The MFOTC chassis is equipped for rack mounting in standard equipment racks as mentioned above. Figure 2-1. 2400 MHz EOCell™ Master Fiber Optic Transceiver Chassis (MFOTC)
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 2-3 MFOTC features are listed below: • MFOTC functions as the heart of the Distributed Antenna System (DAS). • Multiple MFOTCs may be used together to create large DAS systems. • MFOTC with an alarm board can provide continuous system fault detection via an RS-232 connection. • Easily installed in a standard 19” equipment rack or telecom rack. • MFOTC AC Power Interface To allow operation in a wide number of applications and locations, the MFOTC operates from international AC power. The MFOTC uses 110 to 230 VAC, 50-60 Hz. The MFOTC uses approximately 100 watts of power when a full system of eight (8) RFFAUs, one (1) Alarm Module and one (2) AC/DC Power Supplies are mounted in the chassis. • MFOTC RF Interface The MFOTC RF interface is through the Type N connectors located on the rear panel. The Type-N RF connectors are uni-directional. The downlink connector passes RF downlink signals from the base station / base radio to portable and mobile radios and the uplink connector passes RF uplink signals from portable and mobile radios to the base station / base radio. • MFOTC Optical Interface The MFOTC optical interface is through the fiber optic connectors located on the front of the MFOTC. Each optical transceiver has a pair of fiber optic links. The downlink path carries the optical signal from the base station / base radio to the RFFAU for transmission to portable and mobile radios. The uplink path carries the optical signal from the RFFAU to the MFOTC to transmit the signal from portable and mobile radios to the base station / base radio. The MFOTC and RFFAU fiber optic connections are all type FC/APC. The system uses single mode fiber optic cables to provide low loss, and wide bandwidth signal capabilities. • MFOTC Front Panel The figure below provides a detailed view of the MFOTC front panel, showing eight (8) transceivers. Each of the eight (8) transceivers are identical and provide an optical downlink interface and an optical uplink interface with an RFFAU. Each RFFAU has Data, Tx and Rx LEDs. These indicators provide the status of the Remote Fiber Fed Amplifier Unit and the fiber optic uplink and downlink signal paths. The status indicators are described in table 5-1.
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 2-4 ALM1PSU2TransceiverFiberRxTxRxRxTxDataTxTransceiverFiberRxTxRxRxTxDataTxRxDFaultsTxD21pph6-.375TransceiverFiberRxTxRxRxTxDataTxTransceiverFiberRxTxRxRxTxDataTxTransceiverFiberRxTxRxRxTxDataTxPower SupplyDC/DCAC/DCAlarmCPULocalTransceiverFiberRxTxRxRxTxDataTxTransceiverFiberRxTxRxRxTxDataTxTransceiverFiberRxTxRxRxTxDataTx Figure 2-2. MFOTC Front Panel TransceiverFiberRxTxRxRxTxDataTx Figure 2-3. Details of a MFOTC Fiber Optic Transceiver
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 2-5 • MFOTC Rear Panel The rear view of the MFOTC, figure 2-4 below, shows the Type N RF input & output connectors as well as the AC power connection. The DB-9 connectors are for the optional remote monitoring via a serial interface. The details of the remote alarms are discussed in section 5 of this manual. pph6-.375TRANSMIT3A 250VFUSE115/230 VACALARM MODULEPORT 1RS-232RECEIVEPORT 2RS-232ALARM MODULE115/230 VAC Figure 2-4. MFOTC Rear Panel • 2400 MHz EOCell ™ Remote Fiber Fed Amplifier Unit (RFFAU) The RFFAU is the EOCell™ component that is distributed within a building or tunnel to provide the RF signal interface to the portable and mobile radios. The RFFAU interfaces to antennas and/or leaky cable to transmit the downlink signal to the portable and mobile radios and to receive the uplink signal from the portable and mobile radios. Typical distributed antenna systems consist of multiple RFFAUs connected to the MFOTC. The RFFAUs are a NEMA 4X enclosure generally mounted on a wall. Reference figure 2-5 for the RFFAU diagram.
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 2-6 Figure 2-5. RFFAU Enclosure Diagram The RFFAU weighs ≤ 59 lbs and is 20 in. x 16 in. x 8 in. in size. RFFAU features are listed below: • The RFFAU provides high output power and sensitivity to cover large areas. • The RFFAU is easy to install on a wall or a pole. • Uses Type N female connectors for input/output interface to antennas or leaky cable. • Uses Fiber Optic FC/APC Connectors for interfacing the fiber system • RFFAU operates from a wide range of AC input: uses 110 to 230 VAC @ 50-60 Hz Reference the RFFAU schematic in Figure 2-6 below for component layout. RF 4 RF 3385700-5000-104385700-5000-004OUTLINE, REMOTE UNIT84147ART2601 TELECOM PARKWAYRichardson, Texas 75082-3521COMPUTER GENERATED - DO NOT REVISE MANUALLY110-230 VACRF 2FORF 1RF 1
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 2-7 Figure 2-6. RFFAU Schematic Diagram • RFFAU RF Interface The RFFAU RF interface is through the Type N Connectors located on the bottom of the unit. All RF connectors pass RF downlink and uplink signals from the base station / base radio to the portable and mobile radios. The RFFAU is typically connected to an antenna, directional antenna or leaky cable. The RFFAU RF outputs may be configured for one (1), two (2), three (3) or four (4) RF outputs. Reference Figure 2-5 above for the RF port locations. • RFFAU Optical Interface The RFFAU optical interface is through a set of fiber optic connectors located inside the unit. These connectors are located on a fiber optic transceiver housed within the RFFAU’s chassis. Fiber cable access into the RFFAU’s chassis is through a knockout located on the bottom panel. The optical interface provides the uplink and downlink signal paths between the RFFAU and the MFOTC. The downlink path carries the optical signal from the MFOTC to the RFFAU for transmission to portable and mobile radios. The uplink path carries the optical signal from the RFFAU to the MFOTC to transmit the signal from portable and mobile radios to the base station / base radio. The RFFAU fiber optic transceivers use FC/APC type connectors. The EOCell System uses single mode fiber optic cables to provide low loss and wide bandwidth signal capabilities. W14W4W3W1W2PS1W11W4W3TB1W2W1W10BAW10W9W8FTTB1W6W9W8W9XVR1LNA1W8DXR1CB1W12W7 W10W10W10W10SVP1FLT1W9PA1-WHTBLKBLUBLUBLKWHTW16 W15W16W19W19W17W17REDW7W5W712+-+5656W5W8W10BLKW6W15W13W19W18
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 2-8 Reference Figure 2-7 below to view a transceiver module which is housed in the MFOTC. The module in the RFFAU is very similar, but has a slightly different housing. Figure 2-7. Fiber Optic Transceiver Module • RFFAU Bottom Panel Reference Figure 2-5 for a drawing of RFFAU bottom panel. Figure 2-5 shows the fiber optic and AC input cable knockouts. The bottom view of the RFFAU also shows the Type N RF connectors that are typically used to connect to an antenna or leaky cable. Although most antennas and leaky cables have a run of coax feeder cables and jumpers, an adapter may be needed if the antenna jumper or feeder cable does not have a Type-N male connector on the end. The RFFAU bottom panel may be equipped with one, two, three or four bulkhead RF connectors for multiple RF antenna ports. Reference Figure 2-5 above for the port locations. TransceiverFiberRxTxRxRxTxDataTx
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 3-1 Section 3: 2400 MHz EOCell™ System Cabling MFOTC – RFFAU Cabling Page 3-2 EOCell System Cabling Flexibility Page 3-2 Single Mode Fiber Optic Cable Page 3-3 Fiber Optic Connectors Page 3-3
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 3-2 • MFOTC – RFFAU Cabling To connect an RFFAU to any transceiver of the MFOTC, the downlink and the uplink signals must be connected using single mode fiber optic cables with Type FC/APC connectors. Each MFOTC can interface with up to eight (8) RFFAUs. For each of the optical transceivers in the MFOTC, make the following connections: • Connect the Tx connector on the MFOTC to the Rx connector on the RFFAU. • Connect the Rx connector on the MFOTC to the Tx connector on the RFFAU. Figure 3-1 shows the basic uplink and downlink fiber connections between the MFOTC and the RFFAU. Cable Installation Aid Andrew fiber optic cables have fiber cable markers or use different color fiber jackets to aid in installation Cable Route Mapping It is good practice to have a system diagram or building map and label the fiber optic cable ends at the MFOTC. This helps during troubleshooting cabling and equipment problems. • EOCell System Cabling Flexibility It has been Andrew’s experience that system installation labor costs are typically higher than the cost of the equipment being installed. For maximum flexibility, ease of installation and lowest cost, EOCell™ Remote Fiber Fed Amplifier Units may be connected to the MFOTC hub in several ways. Designers and installers may determine the lowest cost approach for each specific application.
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 3-3 Figure 3-1. EOCell Uplink and Downlink Flow Diagram EOCell system cabling features: • Flexible system design allows several cabling methods to be used • Only one small diameter cable is needed between the MFOTC and each RFFAU • Can use industry standard duplex single mode fiber optic cables • Each RFFAU will need to be locally powered • Andrew can provide duplex cable with plenum or riser rated jackets • Single Mode Fiber Optic Cable Single mode fiber optic cable is used in the EOCell™ products because of its wide bandwidth and low attenuation characteristics. Single mode fiber optic cable has the lowest attenuation of all fiber optic cable types and is typically lower in cost than multimode fiber cable. Single mode fiber is used in communications systems where high data rates and wide bandwidths are required. Wideband fiber optic cable provides for unlimited future growth. Typical single mode cable loss is 0.4 dB per km. Each SC/APC connector has typically 0.5 dB loss. • Fiber Optic Connectors The FC/APC type connector is one of the most popular connector types for analog use fiber-optic cables. It provides a very reliable, low loss connection at a reasonable cost. The FC/APC type connector is easy to install and provides positive feedback when correctly seated. FC/APC connectors are keyed with good pull and wiggle characteristics, ensuring that they will stay in place when installed and that they are immune to tension or lateral pressure on the fiber cable. PhotoDiode LaserPhotoDiodeRF DownlinkRF UplinkTx RxMFOTC RFFAULaserRx Tx
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 3-4 As with any fiber optic connector, the optical end should be kept clean and be dusted with air-spray prior to insertion into a MFOTC or RFFAU. If good optical contact is not maintained, there can be link failure or high noise figure, as considerable back reflections could result in a higher-than-normal noise floor in the antenna link. To keep the cables clean during shipping and installation, a protective dust cap is used on each fiber connector provided by Andrew. The RFFAU and MFOTC optical bulkhead connectors are also provided with dust caps to ensure optimal connections. Fiber Optic Installation Note For installation in plenum areas, plenum-rated cable jackets are required to meet local and US safety codes. Fiber optic cables are available for many uses and with many types of outer coatings. Take care to ensure that only plenum rated cables are used where required
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 4-1 Section 4: Implementations Using the Andrew EOCell™ System EOCell™ Installation Parameters Page 4-2 EOCell MFOTC Installation Page 4-2 Scalable System Architecture Page 4-4 EOCell RFFAU Installation Page 4-4 Field Installation of Point-to-Point Antennas Page 4-5 Typical MFOTC to RFFAU Interface Implementation Page 4-10 Operation Page 4-11 Preventative Maintenance Page 4-11 Fault Repair Page 4-11 Technical Support Page 4-11
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 4-2 • EOCell™ Installation Parameters Installation times will depend on the size of each installation; however, Andrew can provide rough guidelines for installing the MFOTC and RFFAU that may be used to determine the total system installation time once the number of equipment parts are determined. Disruption to business is minimal as the MFOTC is typically installed in an electronic equipment room and the remote units, wiring, antennas and leaky cable is installed after work hours. Site survey testing before and after installation may be done during business hours using small, portable RF measurement tools. • EOCell MFOTC Installation The MFOTC may be mounted in indoor areas in a standard 19” equipment rack, a 19” telecom rack or on a wall. Mount the MFOTC in the rack so that there is open air or moving air around the MFOTC. Take care to ensure that the ventilation fins of the MFOTC are not blocked. The MFOTC uses universal AC power for maximum flexibility and has a standard IEC connector for the AC cable connection. If possible, use of an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to supply power the MFOTC is suggested. A ground lug is provided for connecting the MFOTC chassis to the ground circuits of other equipment. Allow 30 minutes for unpacking the MFOTC, installing the unit into the rack or wall and connecting the RF, fiber and power cables. Upon application of system power, front panel indicators will give the installer a visual indication of power and link status. To ensure trouble free connections, all fiber optic connectors on the MFOTC and their mating cable connectors should be thoroughly cleaned using high purity (95%) alcohol and dry compressed air. Care should also be taken to ensure that the fiber optic cables are routed cleanly to the MFOTC and that they are not kinked or bent with less than a 2” bend radius. Also, cables should be routed away from sharp edges that could cause abrasion or cause dents in the cable over a period of time.
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 4-3 Unused MFOTC Transceivers Any transceivers in the MFOTC that are not connected to an RFFAU will cause the built-in-test system to indicate a link error condition. This error condition will be seen on the MFOTC front panel LED indicators and will also appear as a link error in the alarm board software connection. Mandatory Installation Notes 1. Do not operate unit above 60 degrees Celsius. 2. Installation of the equipment in a rack should be such that the amount of airflow required for safe operation of the equipment is not compromised. 3. Mounting of the equipment in the rack should be such that a hazardous condition is not achieved due to uneven mechanical load. 4. The system is designed to comply with FCC, DGT and EN 300 328-2 as long as the following setup parameters are followed (see diagrams below): a. Fiber loss must be < 9dBo to ensure link noise is not exceeded b. The maximum output channel power must be < 23dBm c. Horn antennas are NOT to be used in countries where EN 300 328-2 compliance is needed. d. Horn antennas in countries complying with FCC and DGT must be ≤ 12dBi. e. Horn Antenna must be for fixed, outdoor use only. Master Fiber OpticTransceiver ChassisEOEODL (9dBo Atten)ULRemote FiberFed Amplifier UnitDLULSet RadioPowerSet Attenuator50 OhmHORN 12dBiDLSetPout= 23 dBmMax(Ch. Pwr)FCC & DGT ONLYWireless Test Setup12dBi HMaster Fiber OpticTransceiver ChassisEOEODL (9dBo Atten)ULRemote FiberFed Amplifier UnitRadiaxDLULSet RadioPowerSet Attenuator50 Ohm50 OhmDLSetPout= 23 dBmMax (Ch. Pwr)FCC, DGT &EN 300 328-2Wireless Test SetupRadiaxConfiguration
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 4-4 • Scalable System Architecture The EOCell™ distributed antenna system is a scalable system that can be configured to support small or large numbers of remote fiber fed amplifier units, depending on the building or tunnel size. Very large systems may be configured by using standard power divider/combiners to combine multiple MFOTCs together. A 3-way power divider can combine signals to/from 3 MFOTCs to support up to twenty-four (24) RFFAUs. Care should be taken to consider the RF loss through the power dividers to ensure that sufficient signals levels are present for uplink and downlink operation. Figure 4-1. System expandability to 24 RFFAUs • EOCell RFFAU Installation RFFAUs are typically mounted on the wall throughout the building or tunnel according to a design drawing. Upon application of system power, indicators on the RFFAU give the installer a visual indication of RFFAU power and link status. Allow 45 minutes for installing the RFFAU and connecting the antenna/leaky cable, fiber and power cables. Upon application of system power, indicators inside the RFFAU will give the installer a visual indication of power and the downlink link status. Connect the system feeder cable to the RFFAU Type N connector and ensure that the connector is tight, but do not over-tighten and damage the RFFAU connector. If necessary, power output adjustment of the RFFAU may be accomplished by a trained, professional service technician by adjusting the PA potentiometer in the RFFAU. DuplexerDuplexerDuplexerRF Power Divider/ Combiner To/From BTS / Radio To/From 8 RFFAUsTo/From 8 RFFAUsTo/From 8 RFFAUsMFOTCMFOTCMFOTC
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 4-5 • Field Installation of Point-to-Point Antennas NOTICE The point-to-point antennas for the system must be professionally installed on permanent structures for outdoor operations. The installer is responsible for ensuring that the limits imposed by the FCC with regard to maximum Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) are not violated. These limits are described in the following sections. • Antenna Installation The Antenna Products Model ISM40-2400-12-T0 horn antenna is used for point-point operation. It is a directional horn antenna with a 12 dBi gain, a 40-degree horizontal beamwidth (3dB) and a 40-degree vertical beamwidth (3dB). For optimum performance, the EOCell remote unit must be mounted in close proximity to the horn antenna. It is recommended to use low loss coaxial cable, such as Andrew Corporation FSJ4-50B Heliax, with a maximum length of 6 meters (20 feet) between the EOCell remote ports and the horn antenna. Antennas at each link must have the same polarization, and it is recommended to have the horn antennas both in the vertical polarization orientation. Proper grounding of the antenna is important for lightning protection as well as to prevent electrical noise from interference from other sources. The antenna should be mounted to a mast or tower that is well grounded to Earth. Earth ground must be connected to the ground lug of the case of the remote EOCell for proper operation of the lightning arrestors on the remote EOCell unit. • Antenna Alignment When mounting a directional antenna, the proper alignment is extremely important since the beamwidth of the antennas are 40-degrees. To ensure the proper alignment of the antennas, each end of the link uses a Safetran model A55325 radio’s “poll-loop” utility. Connect a Safetran radio to the EOCell end of the coaxial cable for each end of the link. Each radio comes with a power-inserter module, AC power cord, power cable (black), and diagnostic cable (beige).
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 4-6 RadioABJ1 J2ToLANToRadioPower InserterUnitDummyLoadTo antennasystemiMacPC runningterminal programJ1 - 8-pinJ2 - 3-pinBlack cableBeige cable Figure 4-2. Radio Setup • Run “Hyperterm” or other terminal emulation program for a standard RS-232 communications port: 9600 Baud, 8-bits, No parity, 1-stop bit. • Connect the beige diagnostic cable between the PC and J2 of the radio. • Connect the black power/data cable between “To radio” on the power inserter and J1 on the radio. • No cable is needed for the “to LAN” port on the power inserter. • Plug in the power inserter to the AC power. • Connect the antenna coaxial cable to the radio’s “A” antenna port. Connect a 50-Ohm dummy load to the radio’s “B” antenna port.
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 4-7 • Radio Configuration • When radios are powered up, the “AFAR Communications Bootloader....” screen appears on the Hyperterm window. Figure 4-3. Boot up screen
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 4-8 Figure 4-4. Displaying Configuration (discon) on the base • To display how the radios are configured, type “discon” at the prompt. • For one radio (referred to as end “A” of the link) configure the radio as a mobile radio, setting the RF parameters per the following commands. o node type=mobile va=1 ta=1 o rp tc=3 rc =24 o rp tp=20 o rp ra=a ta=a • Return to the other end of the radio link (end “B”) and configure the radio as follows: o node type=base o rp tc=24 rc =3 o rp tp=20 o rp ra=a ta=a
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 4-9 • Alignment using the Polling Test At the base radio, start the poll-loop test.... Figure 4-5. Poll-Loop Test • At the prompt, type: o Poll-loop 1 1 10 100 • Use the poll-loop command is shown in Figure 4 o “poll-loop 1 1 10 100” will poll train address=1, vehicle address = 1, every 10 mS with a 100-Byte test packet. The mobile will loop the message back to the base. The results are displayed at the bottom of Figure 5. • Transmission from both the base and mobile are cyclic (<100 % duty cycle). Adjust the direction of the antenna on each end to achieve the maximum RSSI reading for both inbound and outbound directions.
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 4-10 • Typical MFOTC to RFFAU Interface Implementation Figure 4-6 shows an EOCell™ DAS connected to the RFFAU. The EOCell™ MFOTC interfaces directly to the RFFAU via fiber optic cable. Typically, the MFOTC is located near the BTS / radio in the same equipment closet with the base station / base radio. If signals from more than 1 base station / base radio are to be distributed by the EOCell™ DAS, the base stations / base radios will need to be combined using external power divider/combiners. Figure 4-6. Typical MFOTC to RFFAU System Interface TxRxTxRxTxRxTxRxTxRxTxRxTxRxTxRxAC/DCALRRFFAURFFAU# 1# 8.....22RADIAXRADIAX
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 4-11 • Operation EOCell™ system operation is continuous. Andrew recommends using an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to provide power to the MFOTC. This is especially useful for essential communications links for security, facilities personnel, fire and police. • Preventative Maintenance Minimal maintenance is required to support installed EOCell™ systems. System maintainers should ensure that all RF, power and fiber connectors are tight and that the MFOTC is mounted with adequate room to allow air to flow around the chassis. Indicator LEDs show system status while relay and optional remote alarm interfaces allow small or large system status to be monitored. Typically, after system installation, no removal or cleaning of the fiber connectors will be required. Andrew does recommend using a commercially available fiber optic cleaning kit to maintain clean fiber optic connectors that are removed. • Fault Repair If a fault is detected in the system, maintainers can determine the problem cause by reviewing reports from the remote monitoring system or by observing the front panel LED indicators on the MFOTC transceivers. Because the different MFOTC transceivers correspond to different RFFAU locations, maintainers can determine where the problem exists in the building or tunnel. Maintainers can replace RFFAUs in the building or tunnel without having to power down the system. If a MFOTC fails, spare MFOTC modules can be installed. • Technical Support Andrew engineers and technicians familiar with the operation of the EOCell™ system are available Monday through Friday, 8am to 5pm CST. These personnel are familiar with distributed in-building antenna systems, with fiber optic cable installation and with troubleshooting and in-building coverage solutions. They may be reached at (972) 952-9700.
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 5-1 Section 5: EOCell™ Network Monitoring Capabilities FSK Generation Page 5-2 RFFAU Transceiver LED Indicators Page 5-3 MFOTC Transceiver LED Indicators Page 5-4 MFOTC Alarm Functions Page 5-4 Remote Monitoring Functions Page 5-5 SCADA Page 5-5 SCADA Protocol Page 5-6 Alarm Board Message Flow Page 5-7 Transceiver Message Flow Page 5-8 System Level Message Flow Page 5-9 16-Bit Check Sum algorithm Page 5-10 List of Messages Page 5-12
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 5-2 The EOCell™ family is designed to minimize maintenance and monitoring costs. Provisions are made for both local and remote monitoring of small and large systems. The EOCell™ system continuously monitors and reports status of the system hardware, by a combination of indicators available at the central hub (MFOTC) and at each remote amplifier unit. The wideband, single mode fiber cable allows a low frequency RF test signal to be continuously passed over the downlink and uplink signal paths with the RF wireless signals. • FSK Generation Each MFOTC transceiver generates a FSK communication link with its RFFAU for fault detection and isolation. This low frequency FSK signal is combined with the downlink RF signal and transmitted over the fiber optic cable to the RFFAU where it is received and filtered from the downlink RF signal. In the RFFAU, the FSK is also generated, amplified and combined with the RF uplink signal to be sent over the optical uplink path back to the MFOTC. Within the RFFAU transceiver, the FSK is detected by a threshold detector to indicate the presence of the FSK at a minimum signal level. The FSK threshold detector drives the “DATA” LED in the RFFAU (see Table 1-5 below). This is an indication that the downlink optical signal path to the RFFAU is connected. An identical process is repeated for FSK communication from the RFFAU to the MFOTC.
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 5-3 Table 5-1. MFOTC and RFFAU Transceiver LED Status Xmt Amp LD Current Receiver Amp 1 Receiver Amp 2 PD Current FSK Amp Rx RSSI Tx FSK Level Over/UnderTempLED LED States Green Good Good Good Good Data Link Red Alarm Alarm Alarm Good or Alarm "Data" Red (Slow Blink) Good Good Alarm Good or Alarm Red (Fast Blink) Alarm Alarm Good Good or Alarm Green (Slow Blink) Alarm Green Good Good Good Transmit RF Red Alarm Alarm Good or Alarm "TX" Red (Slow Blink) Good Alarm Good or Alarm Red (Fast Blink) Alarm Good Good or Alarm Green (Slow Blink) Alarm Green Good Good Good Good Receive RF Red Alarm Alarm Alarm Good or Alarm "RX" Red (Slow Blink) Good Good Alarm Good or Alarm Red (Fast Blink) Alarm Alarm Good Good or Alarm Green (Slow Blink) Alarm • RFFAU Transceiver LED Indicators With the LED indicators illuminated, the RFFAU AC power is present at the RFFAU. If the LED indicators are OFF power is required. Refer to table 5-1 above. The receive LED on the RFFAU shows that light from the MFOTC laser is present over the downlink. When the receive link indicator is GREEN on the RFFAU, the downlink optical path between the MFOTC and the RFFAU is installed correctly and AC power is present in the RFFAU. If the receive link indicator is RED or blinking, there may be a problem with the internal RX amplifiers or the downlink optical path between the MFOTC and RFFAU. The RFFAU indicators allow system installers and maintainers to easily determine the RFFAU functional status, power status and the downlink optical path status.
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 5-4 • MFOTC Transceiver LED Indicators With the LED indicators illuminated, the MFOTC AC power is present. If all MFOTC LED indicators are GREEN, AC power and optical power is good. Refer to table 5-1 above. If an LED indicator is RED or blinking, there is problem with that corresponding MFOTC transceiver interface. If the LED indicators for all MFOTC transceivers are OFF, the AC power supply may be bad, AC power may be switched off or there may be another problem with the AC power. The receive link indicator at each MFOTC transceiver shows that the laser light from each RFFAU was sent over the uplink fiber from the RFFAU to the MFOTC. When the receive link indicators are GREEN on the RFFAU, the uplink optical paths are installed correctly and AC power is present in the RFFAU. If the receive link indicators are RED, there may be a problem with the internal RX amplifiers or the fiber optic signal between the MFOTC and RFFAU; a problem with the RFFAU power; or a problem with the RFFAU itself. The MFOTC indicators allow system installers and maintainers to easily determine each RFFAU functional status, power distribution to each RFFAU, and the correct connection of the fiber optic cables. • MFOTC Alarm Functions The MFOTC alarms may be accessed from an RS232 DB-9 Sub connector on the front panel of the MFOTC alarm module or either of the back panel DB-9 connectors. This interface provides the capability to monitor the RFFAUs from the MFOTC. The alarms are retrieved via software (optional) available for the MFOTC systems. The following alarms are monitored by the MFOTC: the RFFAU Rx and Tx amplifiers, the fiber optic transceiver Rx photo and Tx laser diodes, the data RSSI, FSK amplifier, and over temperature alarm. The DB-9 RS-232 pin outputs are referenced in the table below. Table 5-2. Alarm Connector Pin Out Alarm Connector Pin Alarm Pin Description 1, 4, 6-9 Not Used 2 Transmit Commands 3 Receive Commands 5 Ground
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 5-5 Unused MFOTC Transceivers Any transceivers in the MFOTC that are not connected to an RFFAU will cause the built-in-test system to indicate a link error condition. This error condition will be seen on the MFOTC front panel LED indicators and will also appear as a link error in the alarm board software connection. • Remote Monitoring Functions NOTE: REMOTE MONITORING MAY BE PERFORMEND USING ANDREW SOFTWARE OR SOFTWARE PROVIDED BY THE CUSTOMER. EOCell™ Systems support optional remote system health monitoring using standard protocols that allow customers to monitor full system status. This feature uses an embedded processor to monitor and report system health for the MFOTC and all RFFAUs, including uplink and downlink fiber paths and cables. With this option, the EOCell™ System hardware can be monitored in a few ways: • Locally at the MFOTC using an RS-232 connection to a terminal or PC. • Remotely using an SNMP Agent chassis connected to a telephone, LAN/WAN or other communications medium • Remotely using an RS-232 to LAN converter • SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system is used in industrial and comminication applications to control distributed systems from a master location. The EOCell architecture of a SCADA solution involves physical equipment such as Transceivers, power supply, amplifiers and other devices able to be controlled and monitored by an Alarm Board. The dual role of the master computer or network management system (NMS) is to provide information such as operational readings and equipment status to the human operator in a digestible form and to allow the operator to control the EOCell equipment in predefined ways. The EOCell SCADA deployment choose to restrict access to the master computer, and interface with the system using operator consoles which communicate with the EOCell equipment over a network using RS-232. While the SCADA human-machine interface usually allows operators to view the state of any part of the EOCell network, most operators interaction with the system is driven by alarms.
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 5-6 Alarms are automatically detected by abnormal conditions in the EOCell network that require operator attention, and may require operator intervention to keep things running smoothly. SCADA protocol is designed to be very compact and is designed to send information to the master station only when the master station polls the EOCell alarm board. • SCADA Protocol The SCADA Protocol uses two tries of messages: commands and responses. Each command or request will cause the EOCell equipment to generate a response. All messages will conform to the following format. Destination Address Originating Address SYNC1 Hex (C4) SYNC2 Hex (D7) Rack Trans Rack Trans Command/ Response Data Count Data 1..N Bytes Check Sum 1 Byte 1Byte 1 Byte 1 Byte 1 Byte 1Byte 1 Bytes 1 Byte Data Bytes 2 Bytes SYNC1 xC4 SYNC2 xD7 Destination Address: Rack 1 to 255 Destination Address: Transceiver 1 to 255 Originating Address: Rack 1 to 255 Originating Address: Transceiver 1 to 255 Commands CMD/RESP Data Count Number of data bytes Data Bytes Data Check Sum 16 bit CRC The command/response byte (CMD/RESP) is identical for a particular type of transaction, with the exception that the high-order bit is set for the command and cleared for the response. A response message will have the Destination Address and the Originating Address switched, so, the routing of the response back to the originator can be accomplished. An Alarm Board will always respond to commands with the default destination address of (0,0) and a transceiver will respond to a default destination address of (255,255). The Addressing scheme used for Local Transceiver is the slot number, Remote Transceiver is the Local Transceiver plus a zero (i.e. Local Transceiver in slot 2 of Rack 1 would have a Transceiver Address of 2, and the Remote Transceiver would be 20, all will have a rack address of 1). Note: A Message with a bad CRC will be ignored and removed from the processing and not forwarded.
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 5-7 • Alarm Board Message Flow The following rules are for routing messages between the ports on an Alarm Board: o Commands arrived by Serial 1 o If requested Address matches then generate a response and swap both originating and requested address then send the response back to Serial 1, else o If Serial 2 = Active or Serial 2 = RS-485 Master then route command out Serial 2. o If Alarm Controller = true then route command out SPI Bus. o Response arrived by Serial 1 o If Serial 2 = Active or Serial 2 = RS-485 Master then route response out Serial 2. o If Alarm Controller = true then route response out SPI Bus. o Commands arrived by Serial 2 o If Address matches then generate a response and send to Serial 2, else o If Alarm Controller = true then route command out SPI Bus. o Route command out serial 1
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 5-8 o Response arrived by Serial 2 o If Alarm Controller = true then route command out SPI Bus. o Route response out serial 1 o Command arrived by the SPI Bus o If Address matches then generate a response and send to SPI Bus, else o If Serial 2 = Active or Serial 2 = RS-485 Master then route command out Serial 2. o Route command out serial 1 o Response arrived by the SPI Bus. o If Serial 2 = Active or Serial 2 = RS-485 Master then route response out Serial 2. o Route response out serial 1 • Transceiver Message Flow ProcessorFSKModulator/DemodulatorRS-232SPIFiberOptics The following rules are for routing messages between the ports on a Transceiver: o Commands arrived by the RS-232 (fiber optics) o If Address matches then generate a response and send to RS-232, else o Buffer the command data for the Alarm Control Board to receive over the SPI Bus o Response arrived by the RS-232 (fiber optics) o Buffer the response data for the Alarm Control Board to receive over the SPI Bus o Commands arrived by the SPI Bus o If Address matches then generate a response and buffer response data, else o Route command out the RS-232 o Response arrived by the SPI Bus o Route response out the RS-232
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 5-9 • System Level Message Flow NMS ComputerAlarm BoardTransceivers FiberOpticsRS-232Port 1SPIBusLocal11,11,2RemoteTransceivers1,20FiberOptics Alarm Board (1) is configured as an Alarm Controllers Normal Operations Rules: o Alarm board (1) polls the local transceivers [(1,1) (1,2)] on the SPI Bus and maintains their status. o Alarm board (1) also polls the remote transceivers [(1,10)(1,20)] and maintains their status.
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 5-10 • 16-Bit Check Sum algorithm //Table to match NMS calculation #define TABLE_SIZE 16 static const unsigned short uiCRCTable[TABLE_SIZE]= { 0x0000,0x1081,0x2102,0x3183,0x4204,0x5285,0x6306,0x7387, 0x8408,0x9489,0xA50A,0xB58B,0xC60C,0xD68D,0xE70E,0xF78F }; #define SHIFT_COUNT 4 unsigned int CRC_16(unsigned char *stringpointer, unsigned char stringlength) { int nIndex; unsigned char ucData; unsigned int uiCRCValue; uint8 *pData; int i;
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 5-11 // initialize to seed value uiCRCValue = 0xffff; pData = stringpointer; //length is data bytes + address(2) + messageid(1) + data count(1) for(i = 0; i < stringlength; ++i) { /* get the data byte */ ucData = *pData; pData++; /* get index into uiCRCTable using least significant nibble of data byte */ nIndex = (uiCRCValue ^ ucData) & 0x0F; /* calculate new uiCRCValue using table value */ uiCRCValue = ((uiCRCValue >> SHIFT_COUNT) ^ uiCRCTable[nIndex]); /* get index into uiCRCTable using most significant nibble of data byte */ nIndex = (uiCRCValue ^ (ucData >> SHIFT_COUNT)) & 0x0F; /* calculate new uiCRCValue using table value */ uiCRCValue = ((uiCRCValue >> SHIFT_COUNT) ^ uiCRCTable[nIndex]); } return uiCRCValue; }
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 5-12 • List of Messages Set System Address this command is used to change the system address of a component. An address has two parts the Rack (first byte) and the Transceiver (second byte). • Set System Command (0x83) Command: 0x83 Byte count: 2 bytes Data: (follows) Items # bytes Description Address: Rack 1 byte 1 to 254 Address: Transceiver 1 byte 1 to 254 • Set System Response (0x03) Response: 0x03 Byte count: 1 Data: 0x00 ACK or 0x01 NACK
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 5-13 Set Transceiver Table this command is used to build a Transceiver Table which contains both the local and remote transceiver’s addresses for each transceiver pair. The alarm board uses the transceiver table to route messages over the SPI Bus and Fiber optics. Unused Transceivers must be filled with zeros (0). • Set Transceiver Table Command (0x8A) Command: 0x8A Byte count: 32 bytes Data: (follows) Items # bytes Description For each slot 1 to 8 Local Transceiver Addresses 2 Rack (1 - 254) + Transceiver (1 -254) Remote Transceiver Addresses 2 Rack (1 - 254) + Transceiver (1 -254) • Set Transceiver Table Response (0x0A) Response: 0x0A Byte count: 1 Data: 0x00 ACK or 0x01 NACK
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 5-14 Get Alarm Board Detail Status this command retrieves the detail status of the Alarm Board, located in the Master Rack. Alarms monitored on the Alarm Board are:  Power Supply (#1, #2) Present  DC FARM Module [of either Power Supply 1 or Power Supply 2 or both, if both are installed]  AC/DC Converter Module [of either Power Supply 1 or Power Supply 2 or both, if both are installed] • Get Detail Status Command (0x92) Command: 0x92 Data: None • Get Detail Status Response (0x12) Response: 0x12 Byte count: 35 Data: (see table below) Items Byte No. Bit Definition Description Temperature Status 1 1 –7 Not used. 8 0 = within –25 to +65°C, 1 = outside temperature range Not Applicable 2 –6 1 0 = Power Supply #1 Present 1 = Module not present 2 0 = Power Supply #2 Present 1 = Module not present 7 3 – 8 Not used. 1 0 = PS#1: AC/DC Converter okay 1 = Module fail 2 0 = PS#1: DC/DC Regulator okay 1 = Module fail 3 0 = PS#2: AC/DC Converter okay 1 = Module fail 4 0 = PS#2: DC/DC Regulator okay 1 = Module fail Power Supply Status 8 5 – 8 Not used. Not Applicable 9 – 35
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 5-15 Get Transceiver Status this command retrieves the current status of the Fiber Optic Transceiver. Address determines which transceiver in the Master Rack, or which Remote fiber transceiver is queried. Alarms monitored by the Fiber Transceivers include 8 internal alarms and 7 external alarms. External alarms are only used for reporting status of Remote Unit electronics. • Get Transceiver Status Command (0xB1) Command: 0xB1 Data: None • Get Transceiver Status Response (0x31) Response: 0x31 Bytes: 7 Data: (See table below) Items Byte No. Bit Definition Description Transceiver Slot Number 1 1 – 8 The slot the transceiver occupies in the Master Rack. Not applicable when used with Remote Units. Not Used 2 Transceiver External Alarms #1 3 1 0 = AC Input Voltage okay 1 = AC input voltage low (fail) (Applicable only to Remote Units) 2 0 = 24 V Power Supply Module okay 1 = Module fail 3 0 = 12 V Power Supply Module okay 1 = Module fail 4 0 = Power Amplifier okay 1 = Amplifier fail 5 – 8 Not applicable Not Used 4 Transceiver External 5 1 – 5 Not applicable Alarms #2 (Applicable only to 6 0 = Low Noise Amplifier okay 1 = Amplifier fail Remote Units) 7 Spare input 8 Spare input Transceiver Internal Alarms 6 1 0 = Transmit Amplifier okay 1 = Amplifier fail.
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 5-16 2 0 = Laser Current okay 1 = Laser fail. 3 0 = Transmit FSK Level okay 1 = Transmit FSK fail 4 0 = FSK Receive Level okay 1 = Receive FSK fail 5 0 = Receive Amplifier 1 okay 1 = Amplifier fail 6 0 = Photo Diode Current okay 1 = Photo Diode fail 7 0 = Receive Amplifier 2 okay 1 = Amplifier fail 8 0 = FSK Amplifier okay 1 = Amplifier fail Temperature Status 7 1 –7 Not used. 8 0 = within –25 to +65°C, 1 = outside temperature range
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 6-1 Section 6: Fiber Optic Cable Installation Guide Note to Customers and Installers Page 6-2EOCell Fiber Optic Cables Page 6-2Installation Warnings Page 6-3Testing Cables Page 6-3Cleaning Connectors Page 6-3Cable Installations Page 6-3Installing Fiber Optic Connectors Page 6-4Connecting Cables to Equipment Page 6-4
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 6-2 • Note to Customers and Installers This installation guide is to inform customers and installers of the special requirements for installing the fiber optic cables used on the EOCell™ Distributed Antenna System (DAS). This guide discusses several key items that customers and installers should be aware of before starting the installation. The fiber optic connector type used by the EOCell system and other high performance RF over fiber systems are FC/APC. These are industry standard connector type typically used for fiber optic networks. Customers doing the installation themselves or those hiring local fiber optic cable installers to do the installation should take care in specifying these connectors and installation requirements. Correct fiber optic cable installation is very critical to the performance of an RF over fiber system. In order to prevent system performance degradation, great care should be taken in pulling and installing the fiber optic cables and connectors. • EOCell Fiber Optic Cables • The EOCell DAS can use standard duplex fiber optic cables to provide signals to and from the RFFAU. • The EOCell DAS uses single mode fiber optic cable for low loss, highest performance. • EOCell uses FC/APC connectors for low back reflection. This connector type is commonly used when sending high frequency RF signals over fiber and has higher performance than standard FC type connectors. • Plenum rated cables must be used in US buildings to meet fire safety codes. • Andrew can provide cable assemblies’ cut to a customer specified length, assembled and tested. Tested cable assemblies provide a low risk plug and play system connection. The cable assemblies are typically used when the cable length is very well defined or when the customer does not have fiber optic installation and measurement equipment. Andrew recommends buying tested cable assemblies to avoid the many potential problems encountered when doing field terminations of fiber optic cables. • Duplex cable or cable assemblies can be bought from a wide range of vendors. Things to specify are: single mode fiber, duplex cable, core size of 9/125, high quality FC/APC connectors with a 125um hole size, plenum rated cable. • Most cable vendors use a fiber optic cable color code where yellow outer jackets denote single mode fiber cable and orange outer jackets are used for multimode fiber optic cables. Ensure that only single mode fiber is used for the EOCell DAS.
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 6-3 • Installation Warnings • Damage! – Observe the minimum bend radius of the fiber optic cable. Ensure that the cable is never bent beyond the specified bend radius. The cable may be permanently degraded or may be weakened in a way that may cause failure later on. • Damage! – Angled Physical Contact (APC) and Physical Contact (PC) connectors should never be mated. This will result in permanent damage to both connectors and will also result in significant signal degradation due to an air gap between connectors. • Warning! – The lasers can cause severe eye damage. Do not look directly into any active optical connector or fiber. • Damage! – Do not use cable tie wraps to secure fiber optic cables as tight wraps can cause microbends that weaken or break the optical cable and degrade performance. Also avoid laying fiber optic cable on sharp corners or allowing the weight of the fiber optic cable to pull the cable down onto a sharp corner. • Testing Cables • Testing cables requires a light source and an optical power meter. All test equipment must have FC/APC connectors. If the test equipment does not have an FC/APC connector, a high quality, low loss jumper cable with an FC/APC connector must be used to interface the test equipment to the cable under test. • An LED based light source used to test multimode fiber optic cables will not work. A light source with a laser at 1310 nm wavelength must be used to test the single mode fiber cables. • Ensure that all connectors are cleaned properly as described in the cleaning section. Calibrate out all losses between the laser light source and the power meter including all adapter jumper cables. • Cable assemblies provided by Andrew have been tested and are shipped with the cable test data. If installing cable assemblies, making loss measurements of the cables before installation is a good practice. • Cleaning Connectors Clean fiber optic connectors are very important for high performance system operation. Always keep fiber dust covers on the ends of fiber cables and on the MFOTC and RFFAU. Before installing cable into the equipment, always clean the connectors using the following process: • Use only 95% pure alcohol or ethanol to clean fiber optic connectors. The 95% pure alcohol can be purchased behind the counter at most pharmacies. • Use only lint free tissues dipped in the alcohol to clean the end of the fiber connector. Dip the tissue in the alcohol and clean the connector end. Use dry air spray to dry the connector end.
Users Guide - Andrew 2400 EOCell™ Fiber Optic Distributed Antenna System 6-4 • Cable Installation • When pulling cables through buildings, always ensure that the cable is pulled through the building with the stress on the rugged outer jacket of the cable, not on the ends. • Warning - Damage can occur to connectorized cable assemblies if they are not protected when being pulled. Damage will result in significant loss of performance. • Pulling connectorized cables through buildings: Andrew has a fiber optic cable pulling kit, AE04J-A0745, that is designed to pull fragile fiber optic cable assemblies through a building without damaging the fiber or connectors. When the cable pulling kit instructions are followed, the cable assemblies may be pulled through a building with the stress on the rugged outer jacket of the cable. • Installing Fiber Optic Connectors • The EOCell uses FC/APC connectors to provide the low back reflection required for sending RF signal over fiber optic cables. This document is not intended to detail the connector installation process. • Connecting Cables to Equipment • Ensure that the fiber optic cable has proper cable strain relief so that the cable is not stressed. While this may not cause a failure during installation, it may lead to potential reliability problems later. • Also verify that the cable is not bent over the minimum bend radius. • Remove the dust caps from the cable connector and the equipment and clean the connectors using pure (i.e. 95%) alcohol and a lint free towel as described in the cleaning section above. Dry with dry compressed air. • The RFFAU and the MFOTC have LED indicators to show if the optical link is correctly operating. See the Table 5-1 for the LED indicators for the MFOTC and RFFAU. • To avoid confusion and help in system debugging, it is often necessary to provide cable markers on the cable ends to ensure that the correct cable is plugged into the correct equipment plug. Cable marker kits for field marking are available from Panduit, part number PLD-1, and Anixter, part number A000078386.

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