4RF XE757M170 Digital Transceiver User Manual Aprisa XE Product Description 8 8 84 NA

4RF Limited Digital Transceiver Aprisa XE Product Description 8 8 84 NA

User Manual

August 2017 Version 8.8.84a
Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Copyright Copyright © 2017 4RF Limited. All rights reserved. This document is protected by copyright belonging to 4RF Limited and may not be reproduced or republished in whole or part in any form without the prior written permission of 4RF Limited. Trademarks Aprisa and the 4RF logo are trademarks of 4RF Limited. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries. Java and all Java-related trademarks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other marks are the property of their respective owners. GoAhead WebServer. Copyright © 2000 GoAhead Software, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Disclaimer Although every precaution has been taken preparing this information, 4RF Limited assumes no liability for errors and omissions, or any damages resulting from use of this information. This document or the equipment may change, without notice, in the interests of improving the product. RoHS and WEEE compliance The Aprisa XE is fully compliant with the European Commission’s RoHS (Restriction of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment) and WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) environmental directives. Restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS) The RoHS Directive prohibits the sale in the European Union of electronic equipment containing these hazardous substances: lead*, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). 4RF Limited has worked with its component suppliers to ensure compliance with the RoHS Directive which came into effect on the 1st July 2006. *The European Commission Technical Adaptation Committee (TAC) has exempted lead in solder for high-reliability applications for which viable lead-free alternatives have not yet been identified. The exemption covers communications network infrastructure equipment, which includes 4RF Limited’ Aprisa XE microwave radios. End-of-life recycling programme (WEEE) The WEEE Directive concerns the recovery, reuse, and recycling of electronic and electrical equipment. Under the Directive, used equipment must be marked, collected separately, and disposed of properly. 4RF Limited has instigated a programme to manage the reuse, recycling, and recovery of waste in an environmentally safe manner using processes that comply with the WEEE Directive (EU Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment 2002/96/EC). 4RF Limited invites questions from customers and partners on its environmental programmes and compliance with the European Commission’s Directives (sales@4RF.com).
Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Compliance general The Aprisa XE digital radio predominantly operates within frequency bands that require a site license be issued by the radio regulatory authority with jurisdiction over the territory in which the equipment is being operated. It is the responsibility of the user, before operating the equipment, to ensure that where required the appropriate license has been granted and all conditions attendant to that license have been met. Changes or modifications not approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. Equipment authorizations sought by 4RF Limited are based on the Aprisa XE radio equipment being installed at a fixed restricted access location and operated in a continuous point-to-point mode within the environmental profile defined by EN 300 019, Class 3.2. Operation outside these criteria may invalidate the authorizations and / or license conditions. The term ‘Terminal’ with reference to the Aprisa XE User Manual, is a generic term for one end of a fixed point-to-point Aprisa XE link and does not confer any rights to connect to any public network or to operate the equipment within any territory.
Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Compliance FCC The Aprisa XE radio terminal is designed to comply with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) specifications as follows: Radio 47CFR part 90 Private Land Mobile Radio Services 47CFR part 101 Fixed Microwave Services 47CFR part 27 Misc Wireless Communication Services EMC 47CFR part 15 Radio Frequency Devices Environmental EN 300 019, Class 3.4 Safety EN 60950-1:2006 Frequency band limits Channel size Power input Authorization FCC ID 421 to 512 MHz 25 kHz 48 VDC Part 90 Certification UIPN0400025A0200A Lower 700 MHz 698 to 746 MHz 500 kHz, 1.0 MHz 1.75 MHz 24 VDC, 48 VDC, 110 VAC Part 27 Certification UIPN0700AAAA0000A Upper Block A 700 MHz 757 to 758 MHz 787 to 788 MHz 100 kHz, 200 kHz 500 kHz 24 VDC, 48 VDC, 110 VAC Part 27 Certification Pending 932.5 to 960 MHz 100 kHz, 200 kHz 24 VDC, 48 VDC, 110 VAC Part 101 Verification - 2314.5 to 2317.5 MHz 2346.5 to 2349.5 MHz 250 kHz, 500 kHz 24 VDC, 48 VDC, 110 VAC Part 27 Certification UIPN2500AAAA0200A 2180 to 2290 MHz 500 kHz 110 VAC Part 101 Certification UIPXE20001300 NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Compliance Industry Canada The Aprisa XE radio terminal is designed to comply with Industry Canada (IC) specifications as follows: Radio RSS-GEN RSS-119 EMC This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian standard ICES-003. Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada. Environmental EN 300 019, Class 3.4 Safety EN 60950-1:2006 Frequency Band Channel size Power input Authorization IC ID 406.1 to 430 MHz and 450 to 470 MHz 25 kHz, 50 kHz 75 kHz, 150 kHz 24 VDC, 48 VDC, 110 VAC RSS-119 6772A-N04AAAEC 932.5 to 944 MHz 100 kHz, 200 kHz 24 VDC, 48 VDC, 110 VAC RSS-119 6772A-N09AAACC 1427 to 1452 MHz and 1492 to 1518 MHz 3.50 MHz 24 VDC, 48 VDC, 110 VAC SRSP-301.4 2025 to 2110 MHz and 2200 to 2285 MHz 500 kHz, 1.0 MHz, 1.75 MHz, 3.50 MHz, 7 MHz 24 VDC, 48 VDC, 110 VAC SRSP-302.0
DRAFT Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA RF Exposure Warning WARNING: The installer and / or user of Aprisa XE radio terminals shall ensure that a separation distance as given in the following table is maintained between the main axis of the terminal’s antenna and the body of the user or nearby persons. Minimum separation distances given are based on the maximum values of the following methodologies: 1. Maximum Permissible Exposure non-occupational limit (B or general public) of 47 CFR 1.1310 and the methodology of FCC’s OST/OET Bulletin number 65. 2. Reference levels as given in Annex III, European Directive on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) (1999/519/EC). These distances will ensure indirect compliance with the requirements of EN 50385:2002. Frequency (MHz) Maximum power (dBm) Maximum antenna gain (dBi) Maximum power density (mW/cm2) Minimum separation distance (m) 400 + 35 15 0.20 2.0 512 + 35 15 0.26 1.8 806 + 34 28 0.40 5.6 890 + 34 28 0.45 5.3 960 + 34 28 0.48 5.1 1550 + 34 33 0.78 7.2 2300 + 34 37 1.00 10.0 2700 + 34 38 1.00 11.2 715 + 34 10 0.23 1.0
Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................ 1 The 4RF Aprisa XE Terminal .................................................................... 1 Key Features ...................................................................................... 2 Robust Transmission Performance ...................................................... 3 Flexible Multiplexing ...................................................................... 3 Interface Types ............................................................................ 3 In-built Cross-Connect .................................................................... 4 RF Specifications ................................................................................. 5 Radios FCC.................................................................................. 5 Radios IC ................................................................................... 11 Duplexers .................................................................................. 17 Protection System Specifications ............................................................. 18 MHSB Protection .......................................................................... 18 HSD Protection ............................................................................ 18 Power Specifications ............................................................................ 19 AC Power Supply .......................................................................... 19 DC Power Supply.......................................................................... 19 Power Consumption ...................................................................... 20 Environmental ............................................................................ 22 Mechanical ................................................................................ 22 Compliance ................................................................................ 23 2. Applications .............................................................................. 25 Extending Telecommunications and Cellular Networks .................................... 26 Delivering POTS and Broadband to Remote Subscribers ................................... 27 Extending DSL Services in Remote Areas..................................................... 28 Supporting Mobile Radio Networks............................................................ 29 Digital Mobile Radio Networks .......................................................... 29 Analogue Trunked Radio................................................................. 29 Conventional Radio ...................................................................... 30 Supporting Utility Networks ................................................................... 31 Linking Offices in Private Networks .......................................................... 32
Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA 3. Architecture ............................................................................. 33 Modules ........................................................................................... 33 Front Panel Connections and Indicators ..................................................... 35 Transceiver ....................................................................................... 36 Receiver ................................................................................... 36 Transmitter................................................................................ 37 Duplexer .......................................................................................... 37 Modem ............................................................................................ 38 Motherboard ..................................................................................... 39 Power Supplies................................................................................... 40 AC Power Supply .......................................................................... 40 DC Power Supply.......................................................................... 40 Mounting Options ................................................................................ 40 Heat Dissipation ................................................................................. 40 4. Interfaces ................................................................................. 41 Interface Specifications ........................................................................ 41 Ethernet Interface Connections ............................................................... 41 QETH Interface Connections ................................................................... 42 QJET Quad E1 / T1 Interface ........................................................... 44 Q4EM Quad 4 Wire E&M Interface ...................................................... 45 DFXO Dual Foreign Exchange Office Interface ....................................... 49 DFXS Dual Foreign Exchange Subscriber Interface ................................... 51 QV24 Quad V.24 Serial Data Interface ................................................ 53 HSS Single High Speed Synchronous Interface ........................................ 55 5. SuperVisor ................................................................................ 59 Configuring the Aprisa XE Terminal........................................................... 59 Monitoring the Aprisa XE Terminal............................................................ 59 Operator Rights and Access Levels............................................................ 60 Viewing the Status of the Link ................................................................ 60 Configuring the Basic Terminal Settings ..................................................... 61 Configuring the Interface Ports and Cross Connect ........................................ 62 Interface Ports ............................................................................ 62 Loopback Functionality .................................................................. 63 Configuring the Cross Connects ........................................................ 63 Monitoring Performance and Troubleshooting Problems .................................. 64 6. Network Management .................................................................. 67 7. Protected Options ...................................................................... 69 Monitored Hot Stand By (MHSB) ............................................................... 69 Hitless Space Diversity (HSD) .................................................................. 71
Introduction | 1 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA 1. Introduction The 4RF Aprisa XE Terminal The 4RF Aprisa XE point-to-point digital access radio provides robust wireless transmission of Internet, voice and data traffic over distances of up to 250 kilometres. The Aprisa XE Terminal is the flexible, functional answer to the low-medium capacity challenges in today’s wireless networks. Easy to use and customer-configurable, the Aprisa XE terminal provides solutions from simple trunking applications to complete complex network designs. Our design priority is to reduce network operators’ costs. To this end, we engineer into all Aprisa XE terminals high-performance characteristics and operating features that deliver:  Superior spectral efficiency  Customer-configurable interfaces  Straightforward integration into existing networks The SuperVisorTM software is an embedded element manager for the Aprisa XE terminal, meaning that is easily accessed using any standards-compliant web browser. The SuperVisor software is graphical and intuitive, and requires no ongoing training. SNMP connectivity is standard with the SuperVisor software, allowing easy integration of the Aprisa XE terminal into higher-level management systems. The Aprisa XE terminal is small and powerful, with eight interface slots and up to 65 Mbit/s of capacity, ideal for use in busy network sites where vertical rack space is limited.
2 | Introduction Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Key Features  Spectrally efficient 16, 32 and 64 QAM modulation types  QPSK modulation for higher system gain  Capacities from 72 kbit/s (1 x timeslot) to 65 Mbit/s (32 x E1)  Channel sizes from 25 kHz to 14 MHz  A full E1 (2 Mbit/s) bearer in just 500 kHz of spectrum (64 QAM)  In-built 4-port Ethernet switch  In-built digital cross-connect with 8 kbit/s granularity  Frequency bands from 300 MHz to 2.7 GHz  Customer-configurable interface options for data and voice traffic  19-inch rack mounting  Complies with international standards, including ETSI, FCC and Industry Canada  Modular design to reduce the mean time to repair (MTTR)  Embedded Java™-enabled element management software (the SuperVisor software)  Integrated SNMP for network management  Protection options of Monitored Hot Standby (MHSB) and Hitless Space Diversity (HSD)
Introduction | 3 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Robust Transmission Performance The Aprisa XE terminal provides robust, reliable, ‘carrier-class’ transmission performance for long and challenging paths:  Reed-Solomon Forward Error Correction delivers an unfaded BER of 10-12 , a performance more commonly associated with fibre optics.  Multi-tap equalizers optimize multi-path performance.  Advanced digital filters provide optimum protection against adjacent channel interference, and allow maximum frequency reuse.  Spectrum-efficient 16, 32 and 64 QAM modulation maximizes data throughput in narrow radio channels, thereby reducing frequency licensing costs.  QPSK modulation provides increased gain for very long obstructed paths. Flexible Multiplexing The Aprisa XE terminal provides primary multiplexing options without the need for external equipment. It features eight interface card slots and an in-built cross-connect. Interface Types The Aprisa XE terminal’s range of analogue and digital customer interface types makes it suitable for many applications. It comes with an in-built 4-port Ethernet switch, which supports VLAN tagging and QoS for customer and management traffic. Other interface card options include:  QETH Quad port Ethernet interface card supporting 10Base-T or 100Base-TX for transport of user Ethernet traffic  DFXO Dual 2 wire Foreign Exchange Office (PCM / ADPCM)  DFXS Dual 2 wire Foreign Exchange Subscriber (PCM / ADPCM)  Q4EM Quad 4 wire E&M (PCM / ADPCM)  QJET Quad E1 / T1 - G.703 / G.704  QV24 Quad V.24 asynchronous and synchronous Serial Data Interface.  HSS Single Synchronous Serial interface including V.35, X.21, RS-449 and RS-530
4 | Introduction Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA In-built Cross-Connect The Aprisa XE terminal’s in-built micro cross-connect distributes capacity to each of the interfaces. It can distribute traffic to any of the possible 32 interface ports as well as the integrated Ethernet interface. This allows operators to reconfigure traffic as network demand changes, and to groom user traffic onto E1 bearers between equipment. For example, a typical E1 bearer can be distributed as follows:  Four 64 kbit/s PCM 2 wire voice circuits  CAS signalling using 64 kbit/s  Four 9600 bit/s V.24 circuits, each using 24 kbit/s  One X.21 circuit using 128 kbit/s  One Ethernet 100/10Base-T circuit using 384 kbit/s  16 timeslots for fractional E1 traffic using 1024 kbit/s  One management channel using 64 kbit/s
Introduction | 5 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA RF Specifications Radios FCC Frequency Bands FCC Frequency Bands Frequency Band Frequency Tuning Range Synthesizer Step Size 400 MHz 421 - 512 MHz 6.25 kHz Lower 700 MHz 698 - 746 MHz 12.5 kHz Upper Block A 700 MHz 757 – 758 and 787 – 788 MHz 12.5 kHz 900 MHz 928 - 960 MHz 12.5 kHz 1800 MHz 1755 - 1850 MHz 62.5 kHz 2000 MHz 1900 - 2300 MHz 62.5 kHz 2500 MHz 250 / 500 kHz channels 2314 - 2350 MHz 62.5 kHz 2500 MHz All other channels 2305 - 2360 MHz 62.5 kHz Modulation 16 / 32 / 64 QAM and QPSK (software configurable) Frequency stability (short term) < ±1 ppm Frequency stability (long term) < ±2 ppm Antenna connector N-type female 50 Ω Notes Frequency Ranges Country specific frequency ranges within the above tuning ranges can be accommodated Frequency stability Short term frequency stability is defined as changes in frequency due to environmental effects and power supply variations Long term frequency stability is defined as changes in frequency due to aging of crystal oscillators approx over 5 years
6 | Introduction Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Product Range FCC The Aprisa XE terminal provides the following FCC frequency bands / channel sizes: Channel Size kHz MHz Frequency Band MHz 25 50 100 200 250 500 1.00 1.75 400 Part 90 700 Part 27 Part 27 Part 27 Part 27 Part 27 900 Part 101 Part 101 Part 101 Part 101 2500 Part 27 Part 27 Released Product Release Pending
Introduction | 7 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Link Capacity FCC part 27 Channel size QPSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 100 kHz Gross 168 kbit/s 344 kbit/s 432 kbit/s 520 kbit/s T1 2 timeslots 5 timeslots 6 timeslots 8 timeslots Wayside 40 kbit/s 24 kbit/s 48 kbit/s 8 kbit/s 200 kHz Gross 336 kbit/s 680 kbit/s 840 kbit/s 1024 kbit/s T1 5 timeslots 10 timeslots 13 timeslots 16 timeslots Wayside 16 kbit/s 40 kbit/s 8 kbit/s 0 kbit/s 250 kHz Gross 408 kbit/s 824 kbit/s 1032 kbit/s 1240 kbit/s T1 6 timeslots 12 timeslots 16 timeslots 19 timeslots Wayside 24 kbit/s 56 kbit/s 8 kbit/s 24 kbit/s 500 kHz Gross 792 kbit/s 1592 kbit/s 1992 kbit/s 2392 kbit/s T1 12 timeslots 1 T1 1 T1 1 T1 Wayside 24 kbit/s 8 kbit/s 408 kbit/s 808 kbit/s 1.0 MHz Gross 1656 kbit/s 3320 kbit/s 4152 kbit/s 4984 kbit/s T1 1 T1 2 T1s 2 T1s 3 T1s Wayside 72 kbit/s 152 kbit/s 984 kbit/s 232 kbit/s 1.75 MHz Gross 2872 kbit/s 5752 kbit/s 7192 kbit/s 8632 kbit/s T1 1 T1 3 T1s 4 T1s 5 T1s Wayside 1288 kbit/s 1000 kbit/s 856 kbit/s 712 kbit/s Link Capacity FCC part 90 Channel size QPSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 25 kHz Gross 56 kbit/s 72 kbit/s 88 kbit/s T1 0 timeslots 1 timeslot 1 timeslot Wayside 56 kbit/s 8 kbit/s 24 kbit/s Link Capacity FCC part 101 Channel size QPSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 25 kHz Gross 72 kbit/s 96 kbit/s 112 kbit/s T1 1 timeslot 1 timeslot 1 timeslot Wayside 8 kbit/s 32 kbit/s 48 kbit/s 50 kHz Gross 80 kbit/s 168 kbit/s 208 kbit/s 256 kbit/s T1 1 timeslot 2 timeslots 3 timeslots 4 timeslots Wayside 16 kbit/s 40 kbit/s 16 kbit/s 0 kbit/s 100 kHz Gross 136 kbit/s 280 kbit/s 352 kbit/s 424 kbit/s T1 2 timeslots 4 timeslots 5 timeslots 6 timeslots Wayside 8 kbit/s 24 kbit/s 32 kbit/s 40 kbit/s 200 kHz Gross 312 kbit/s 632 kbit/s 792 kbit/s 952 kbit/s T1 4 timeslots 9 timeslots 12 timeslots 14 timeslots Wayside 56 kbit/s 56 kbit/s 24 kbit/s 56 kbit/s Notes The capacities specified are for unframed T1 and so require 1584 kbit/s to transport via the radio. The management ethernet capacity must be subtracted from the gross capacity (default 64 kbit/s). See Product Range table for Channel Size / Frequency Band cross reference NA (Not Available)
8 | Introduction Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Receiver Sensitivity FCC Channel size QPSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 25 kHz NA -105 dBm -102 dBm -99 dBm 50 kHz -109 dBm -103 dBm -100 dBm -97 dBm 100 kHz -106 dBm -100 dBm -97 dBm -94 dBm 200 kHz -102 dBm -96 dBm -93 dBm -90 dBm 250 kHz -101 dBm -95 dBm -92 dBm -89 dBm 500 kHz -99 dBm -93 dBm -90 dBm -87 dBm 1.0 MHz -96 dBm -90 dBm -87 dBm -84 dBm 1.75 MHz -94 dBm -88 dBm -85 dBm -82 dBm Notes Typical performance specified at the antenna port for 10-6 BER. The receiver is typically 1 dB more sensitive for a BER of 10-3. NA (Not Available) Transmitter Power FCC 1+0 Radio Frequency Band QPSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 400 MHz NA 17 to 31 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 29 dBm Lower 700 MHz 21 to 35 dBm 17 to 31 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 29 dBm Upper 700 MHz 21 to 31 dBm 17 to 31 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 700 MHz 21 to 35 dBm 17 to 31 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 900 MHz 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 2500 MHz 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 1+1 Radio Frequency Band QPSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 400 MHz NA 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 28 dBm Lower 700 MHz 21 to 35 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 28 dBm Upper 700 MHz 21 to 31 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 28 dBm 900 MHz 15 to 28 dBm 15 to 28 dBm 15 to 28 dBm 15 to 28 dBm 2500 MHz 15 to 28 dBm 15 to 28 dBm 15 to 28 dBm 15 to 28 dBm
Introduction | 9 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA System Gain FCC Frequency Band Channel size QPSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 400 MHz 25 kHz NA 136 dB 132 dB 128 dB Upper 700 MHz 100 kHz 137 dB 131 dB 127 dB 123 dB Upper 700 MHz 200 kHz 133 dB 127 dB 123 dB 119 dB Lower 700 MHz 500 kHz 134 dB 124 dB 120 dB 116 dB Upper 700 MHz 500 kHz 130 dB 124 dB 120 dB 116 dB Lower 700 MHz 1.0 MHz 131 dB 121 dB 117 dB 113 dB Lower 700 MHz 1.75 MHz 129 dB 119 dB 115 dB 111 dB 900 MHz 25 kHz NA 134 dB 131 dB 128 dB 900 MHz 50 kHz 138 dB 132 dB 129 dB 126 dB 900 MHz 100 kHz 135 dB 129 dB 126 dB 123 dB 900 MHz 200 kHz 131 dB 125 dB 122 dB 119 dB 2500 MHz 250 kHz 130 dB 124 dB 121 dB 118 dB 2500 MHz 500 kHz 128 dB 122 dB 119 dB 116 dB Notes Typical performance specified at the antenna port for 10-6 BER. The system gain is typically 1 dB greater for a BER of 10-3. System Gain = maximum transmit power - receiver sensitivity NA (Not Available) Receiver Performance FCC Maximum input level -20 dBm Dynamic range 58 to 87 dB (at 10-6 BER) depending on modulation type and channel size C/I ratio (carrier to interference ratio) C/I ratio = CdB - IdB Co-channel better than 16 dB at QPSK better than 20 dB at 16 QAM better than 23 dB at 32 QAM better than 27 dB at 64 QAM 1st adjacent channel better than -5 dB 2nd adjacent channel better than -30 dB Notes Typical performance specified at the antenna port for 10-6 BER. The dynamic range is typically 2 dB greater for a BER of 10-3
10 | Introduction Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Link Delays FCC Note: The default Modem Interleaver Mode setting is on for channel sizes of 250 kHz and greater and off for channel sizes of 200 kHz and less. Typical 1+0, MHSB end-to-end link delay - interleaver off Channel size QPSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM FCC Part 25 kHz NA 64.4 ms 52.3 ms 44.2 ms Part 90 25 kHz NA 51.8 ms 40.6 ms 35.7 ms Part 101 50 kHz 46.2 ms 24.3 ms 20.2 ms 16.9 ms Part 101 100 kHz 28.8 ms 15.3 ms 12.7 ms 10.9 ms Part 101 200 kHz 15.9 ms 8.8 ms 7.3 ms 6.4 ms Part 101 250 kHz 10.8 ms 6.5 ms 5.5 ms 4.9 ms Part 27 500 kHz 6.3 ms 3.9 ms 3.4 ms 7.1 ms Part 27 1.0 MHz 3.8 ms 2.6 ms 2.3 ms 2.2 ms Part 27 1.75 MHz 3.1 ms 2.3 ms 2.1 ms 2.0 ms Part 27 Typical 1+0, MHSB end-to-end link delay - interleaver on Channel size QPSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM FCC Part 25 kHz NA 191.6 ms 154.1 ms 129.1 ms Part 90 25 kHz NA 153.6 ms 118.9 ms 103.5 ms Part 101 50 kHz 138.8 ms 70.5 ms 57.9 ms 47.8 ms Part 101 100 kHz 85.3 ms 43.6 ms 35.3 ms 29.7 ms Part 101 200 kHz 45.8 ms 23.7 ms 19.3 ms 16.4 ms Part 101 250 kHz 30.4 ms 17.7 ms 14.5 ms 12.4 ms Part 27 500 kHz 16.5 ms 9.5 ms 8.2 ms 3.2 ms Part 27 1.0 MHz 8.8 ms 5.1 ms 4.3 ms 3.9 ms Part 27 1.75 MHz 5.6 ms 3.5 ms 3.1 ms 2.8 ms Part 27 Notes The end to end link delays are measured from T1 interface to T1 interface The delay figures are typical and can vary when the system re-synchronizes NA (Not Available)
Introduction | 11 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Radios IC Frequency Bands IC Frequency Bands Frequency Band Frequency Tuning Range Synthesizer Step Size 400 MHz 400 - 470 MHz 6.25 kHz 900 MHz 928 - 960 MHz 12.5 kHz 2000 MHz 1900 - 2300 MHz 62.5 kHz Modulation 16 / 32 / 64 QAM and QPSK (software configurable) Frequency stability (short term) < ±1 ppm Frequency stability (long term) < ±2 ppm Antenna connector N-type female 50 Ω Notes Frequency Ranges Country specific frequency ranges within the above tuning ranges can be accommodated Frequency stability Short term frequency stability is defined as changes in frequency due to environmental effects and power supply variations Long term frequency stability is defined as changes in frequency due to aging of crystal oscillators approx over 5 years
12 | Introduction Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Product Range IC The Aprisa XE terminal provides the following IC frequency bands / channel sizes: Channel Size kHz MHz 25 50 75 100 150 200 500 1.00 1.75 3.50 7.00 14.00 Frequency Band MHz 400 RSS 119 RSS 119 RSS 119 RSS 119 900 RSS 119 RSS 119 2000 SRSP-302 SRSP-302 SRSP-302 SRSP-302 SRSP-302 SRSP-302
Introduction | 13 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Link Capacity IC Channel size QPSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 25 kHz Gross NA 56 kbit/s 72 kbit/s 88 kbit/s T1 0 timeslots 1 timeslot 1 timeslot Wayside 56 kbit/s 8 kbit/s 24 kbit/s 50 kHz Gross 72 kbit/s 152 kbit/s 192 kbit/s 232 kbit/s T1 1 timeslot 2 timeslots 3 timeslots 4 timeslots Wayside 8 kbit/s 24 kbit/s 0 kbit/s 40 kbit/s 75 kHz Gross 128 kbit/s 264 kbit/s 312 kbit/s 400 kbit/s T1 2 timeslots 4 timeslots 4 timeslots 6 timeslots Wayside 0 kbit/s 8 kbit/s 56 kbit/s 16 kbit/s 100 kHz Gross 136 kbit/s 280 kbit/s 352 kbit/s 424 kbit/s T1 2 timeslots 4 timeslots 5 timeslots 6 timeslots Wayside 8 kbit/s 24 kbit/s 32 kbit/s 40 kbit/s 150 kHz Gross 264 kbit/s 536 kbit/s 672 kbit/s 808 kbit/s T1 4 timeslots 8 timeslots 10 timeslots 12 timeslots Wayside 8 kbit/s 24 kbit/s 32 kbit/s 40 kbit/s 200 kHz Gross 312 kbit/s 632 kbit/s 792 kbit/s 952 kbit/s T1 4 timeslots 9 timeslots 12 timeslots 14 timeslots Wayside 56 kbit/s 56 kbit/s 24 kbit/s 56 kbit/s 500 kHz Gross 792 kbit/s 1592 kbit/s 1992 kbit/s 2392 kbit/s T1 12 timeslots 1 T1 1 T1 1 T1 Wayside 24 kbit/s 8 kbit/s 408 kbit/s 808 kbit/s 1.0 MHz Gross 1624 kbit/s 3256 kbit/s 4072 kbit/s 4888 kbit/s T1 1 T1 2 T1s 2 T1s 3 T1s Wayside 40 kbit/s 88 kbit/s 904 kbit/s 136 kbit/s 1.75 MHz Gross 2872 kbit/s 5752 kbit/s 7192 kbit/s 8632 kbit/s T1 1 T1 3 T1s 4 T1s 5 T1s Wayside 1288 kbit/s 1000 kbit/s 856 kbit/s 712 kbit/s 3.5 MHz Gross 5720 kbit/s 11448 kbit/s 14312 kbit/s 17176 kbit/s T1 3 T1s 7 T1s 9 T1s 10 T1s Wayside 968 kbit/s 360 kbit/s 56 kbit/s 1336 kbit/s 7.0 MHz Gross 11832 kbit/s 23672 kbit/s 29592 kbit/s 35512 kbit/s T1 7 T1s 14 T1s 18 T1s 22 T1s Wayside 744 kbit/s 1496 kbit/s 1080 kbit/s 664 kbit/s 14 MHz Gross NA 47992 kbit/s 59992 kbit/s 65464 kbit/s T1 30 T1s 32 T1s 32 T1s Wayside 472 kbit/s 9304 kbit/s 14776 kbit/s Notes The capacities specified are for unframed T1 and so require 1584 kbit/s to transport via the radio. The management ethernet capacity must be subtracted from the gross capacity (default 64 kbit/s). See Product Range table for Channel Size / Frequency Band cross reference NA (Not Available)
14 | Introduction Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Receiver Sensitivity IC Channel size QPSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 25 kHz NA -105 dBm -102 dBm -99 dBm 50 kHz -109 dBm -103 dBm -100 dBm -97 dBm 75 kHz -107 dBm -101 dBm -98 dBm -95 dBm 100 kHz -106 dBm -100 dBm -97 dBm -94 dBm 150 kHz -104 dBm -98 dBm -95 dBm -92 dBm 200 kHz -102 dBm -96 dBm -93 dBm -90 dBm 500 kHz -99 dBm -93 dBm -90 dBm -87 dBm 1.0 MHz -96 dBm -90 dBm -87 dBm -84 dBm 1.75 MHz -94 dBm -88 dBm -85 dBm -82 dBm 3.5 MHz -90 dBm -84 dBm -81 dBm -78 dBm 7.0 MHz -87 dBm -81 dBm -78 dBm -75 dBm 14 MHz NA -78 dBm -75 dBm -72 dBm Notes Typical performance specified at the antenna port for 10-6 BER. The receiver is typically 1 dB more sensitive for a BER of 10-3. NA (Not Available) Transmitter Power IC Frequency Band QPSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 400 MHz 21 to 35 dBm 17 to 31 dBm 16 to 30 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 900 MHz 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 15 to 29 dBm 2000 MHz 20 to 34 dBm 17 to 31 dBm 16 to 30 dBm 15 to 29 dBm
Introduction | 15 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA System Gain IC Channel size QPSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 25 kHz NA 136 dB 132 dB 128 dB 50 kHz 144 dB 134 dB 130 dB 126 dB 75 kHz 142 dB 132 dB 128 dB 124 dB 100 kHz 135 dB 129 dB 126 dB 123 dB 150 kHz 139 dB 129 dB 125 dB 121 dB 200 kHz 131 dB 125 dB 122 dB 119 dB 500 kHz 133 dB 124 dB 120 dB 116 dB 1.0 MHz 130 dB 121 dB 117 dB 113 dB 1.75 MHz 128 dB 119 dB 115 dB 111 dB 3.5 MHz 124 dB 115 dB 111 dB 107 dB 7.0 MHz 121 dB 112 dB 108 dB 104 dB 14 MHz NA 109 dB 105 dB 101 dB Notes Typical performance specified at the antenna port for 10-6 BER. The system gain is typically 1 dB greater for a BER of 10-3. System Gain = maximum transmit power - receiver sensitivity NA (Not Available) Receiver Performance Maximum input level -20 dBm Dynamic range 58 to 87 dB (at 10-6 BER) depending on modulation type and channel size C/I ratio (carrier to interference ratio) C/I ratio = CdB - IdB Co-channel better than 16 dB at QPSK better than 20 dB at 16 QAM better than 23 dB at 32 QAM better than 27 dB at 64 QAM 1st adjacent channel better than -5 dB 2nd adjacent channel better than -30 dB Notes Typical performance specified at the antenna port for 10-6 BER. The dynamic range is typically 2 dB greater for a BER of 10-3
16 | Introduction Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Link Delays IC Note: The default Modem Interleaver Mode setting is on for channel sizes of 250 kHz and greater and off for channel sizes of 200 kHz and less. Typical 1+0, MHSB end-to-end link delay - interleaver off Channel size QPSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 25 kHz NA 49.6 ms 39.4 ms 34.9 ms 50 kHz 46.2 ms 24.3 ms 20.2 ms 16.9 ms 75 kHz 35.5 ms 19.0 ms 16.8 ms 13.6 ms 100 kHz 28.8 ms 15.3 ms 12.7 ms 10.9 ms 150 kHz 17.5 ms 10.1 ms 8.5 ms 7.1 ms 200 kHz 15.9 ms 8.8 ms 7.3 ms 6.4 ms 500 kHz 6.3 ms 3.5 ms 3.4 ms 3.2 ms 1.0 MHz 3.8 ms 2.6 ms 2.3 ms 2.2 ms 1.75 MHz 3.1 ms 2.3 ms 2.1 ms 2.0 ms 3.5 MHz 2.6 ms 2.0 ms 1.8 ms 1.8 ms 7.0 MHz 2.0 ms 1.7 ms 1.6 ms 1.6 ms 14 MHz NA 1.6 ms 1.5 ms 1.5 ms Typical 1+0, MHSB end-to-end link delay - interleaver on Channel size QPSK 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 25 kHz NA 164.7 ms 127.7 ms 111.8 ms 50 kHz 138.8 ms 70.5 ms 59.9 ms 47.8 ms 75 kHz 103.7 ms 53.2 ms 45.8 ms 36.4 ms 100 kHz 85.3 ms 43.6 ms 35.3 ms 29.7 ms 150 kHz 51.4 ms 26.8 ms 21.9 ms 18.6 ms 200 kHz 45.8 ms 23.7 ms 19.3 ms 16.4 ms 500 kHz 16.5 ms 9.3 ms 8.0 ms 6.9 ms 1.0 MHz 8.8 ms 5.1 ms 4.3 ms 3.9 ms 1.75 MHz 6.8 ms 4.1 ms 3.6 ms 3.2 ms 3.5 MHz 5.1 ms 3.2 ms 2.8 ms 2.6 ms 7.0 MHz 3.5 ms 2.4 ms 2.2 ms 2.1 ms 14 MHz NA 2.1 ms 1.9 ms 1.8 ms Notes The end to end link delays are measured from T1 interface to T1 interface The delay figures are typical and can vary when the system re-synchronizes NA (Not Available)
Introduction | 17 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Duplexers Code Frequency Band Option TX / RX Split Passband Lo Band Hi Band Mounting A0 300 MHz Standard 9.45 MHz min split 2 MHz 330 - 400 MHz 330 - 400 MHz External A1 300 MHz Option 1 5 MHz min split 0.5 MHz 330 - 400 MHz 330 - 400 MHz External A2 300 MHz Option 2 20 MHz min split 3.5 MHz 330 - 400 MHz 330 - 400 MHz External B0 400 MHz Standard 9.45 MHz min split 2 MHz 400 - 470 MHz 400 - 470 MHz External B1 400 MHz Option 1 5 MHz min split 0.5 MHz 400 - 470 MHz 400 - 470 MHz External B2 400 MHz Option 2 20 MHz min split 3.5 MHz 400 - 470 MHz 400 - 470 MHz External C0 400 MHz Standard 3 MHz min split 0.5 MHz 470 - 492 MHz 473 - 495 MHz External D0 600 MHz Standard 45 MHz min split 7 MHz 620 - 715 MHz 620 - 715 MHz Internal E0 700 MHz Standard 30 MHz min split 7 MHz 698 - 806 MHz 698 - 806 MHz Internal F0 800 MHz Standard 40 MHz min split 7 MHz 805 - 890 MHz 805 - 890 MHz Internal G0 900 MHz Standard 40 MHz min split 7 MHz 850 - 960 MHz 850 - 960 MHz Internal G2 900 MHz Option 2 9 MHz split 1 MHz 928 - 960 MHz 928 - 960 MHz Internal G3 900 MHz Option 3 5.5 MHz min split 0.5 MHz 900 - 960 MHz 900 - 960 MHz External G4 900 MHz Option 4 3.6 MHz split 0.5 MHz 900 - 960 MHz 900 - 960 MHz External H0 1400 MHz Standard 48 MHz min split 7 MHz 1350 - 1550 MHz 1350 - 1550 MHz Internal H1 1400 MHz Option 1 23 MHz min split 7 MHz 1350 - 1550 MHz 1350 - 1550 MHz Internal K0 1800 MHz Standard 47.5 MHz min split 14 MHz 1700 - 2100 MHz 1700 - 2100 MHz Internal I0 2000 MHz Standard 91 MHz min split 14 MHz 1900 - 2300 MHz 1900 - 2300 MHz Internal J0 2500 MHz Standard 74 MHz min split 14 MHz 2300 - 2700 MHz 2300 - 2700 MHz Internal J1 2500 MHz Option 1 32 MHz min split 4 MHz 2314 - 2318 MHz 2346 - 2350 MHz Internal Notes All duplexers are bandpass Contact 4RF for other duplexer options
18 | Introduction Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Protection System Specifications MHSB Protection MHSB switches Switching time < 25 ms from detection of alarm condition Switch hysteresis 30 seconds (to prevent switching on short alarm transients) RF path restore time < 10 seconds RF switch TX relay / cable loss  1.0 dB RX splitter / cable loss  4.0 dB Total system loss System gain reduced by a maximum of 5 dB Tributary switch Ports 8 HSD Protection TX path TX relay / cable loss  1.0 dB Switching times Transmit path < 25 ms from detection of alarm condition Receive path Hitless
Introduction | 19 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Power Specifications AC Power Supply Nominal voltage Input voltage range Maximum Power input Max VA Frequency 115 VAC 103 - 127 Vrms 180 W 400 VA 47 - 63 Hz 230 VAC 207 - 254 Vrms 180 W 400 VA 47 - 63 Hz DC Power Supply Nominal voltage Input voltage range Maximum Power input Maximum input current Recommended DC breaker rating +12 VDC LP 10.5 to 18 VDC 53 W 5 A 8 A ±12 VDC 10.5 to 18 VDC 180 W 18 A 25 A ±24 VDC 20.5 to 30 VDC 180 W 8 A 10 A ±48 VDC 40 to 60 VDC 180 W 4 A 5 A
20 | Introduction Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Power Consumption Terminal Type Power Consumption (min – max) Standard Aprisa XE 1+0 terminal 34 to 170 W Input power (dependent on the transmitter output power, the interface cards fitted and the power supply option) Standard Aprisa XE 1+1 terminal 74 to 375 W Input power (dependent on the transmitter output power, the interface cards fitted, the number of trib switches and the power supply option) Standard Aprisa XE HSD terminal 68 to 286 W Input power (dependent on the transmitter output power, the interface cards fitted and the power supply option) Power Consumption Model An Aprisa XE Power Consumption model program called XEpower is on the Aprisa XE CD. This program shows the typical power consumption for any product configuration. Java 1.6 is required to be installed on your PC to run this program. Standard Aprisa XE 1+0 terminal – 48 VDC These power consumption figures represent the typical power drawn by a single standard 1400 MHz 1+0 terminal measured at the input to a ± 48 VDC power supply. Power Consumption (min – max) 40 to 150 W Input power (dependent on interface cards fitted and transmitter output power level) Terminal only: TX power of + 20 dBm 44 W TX power of + 25 dBm 54 W TX power of + 30 dBm 61 W TX power of + 35 dBm 64 W Interface cards: QJET four port E1 card 2.3 W (four ports operating) Q4EM four port 4W E&M card 0.6 W (all states) QV24 four port V.24 card 0.2 W (all states) DFXO two port 2W FXO card 0.7 W (all states) DFXS two port 2W FXS card One DFXS card installed with both ports idle (on hook): 2.5 W Plus: 1.9 W / line off-hook (200 ohm copper loop plus 450 ohm telephone) 1.0 W / line ringing (60 Vrms 25Hz source via 100 ohm copper loop into a 1 REN load) 1.5 W / line ringing (45 Vrms 25Hz source via 100 ohm copper loop into a 3 REN load) HSS single port high speed data 1.0 W (all states) MHSB: Tributary and RF switch 13 W not switched 25 W switched
Introduction | 21 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Low Power Aprisa XE 1+0 terminal – 12 VDC These power consumption figures represent the typical power drawn by a single low power 1400 MHz 1+0 terminal measured at the input to a low power +12 VDC power supply. Power Consumption (min – max) 34 to 53 W Input power (dependent on interface cards fitted and transmitter output power level) Terminal only: TX power of + 20 dBm 34 W TX power of + 24 dBm 40 W Interface cards: QJET four port E1 card 1.9 W (four ports operating) Q4EM four port 4W E&M card 0.53 W (all states) QV24 four port V.24 card 0.15 W (all states) DFXO two port 2W FXO card 0.56 W (all states) DFXS two port 2W FXS card One DFXS card installed with both ports idle (on hook): 2.1 W Plus: 1.6 W / line off-hook (200 ohm copper loop plus 450 ohm telephone) 0.8 W / line ringing (60 Vrms 25Hz source via 100 ohm copper loop into a 1 REN load) 1.2 W / line ringing (45 Vrms 25Hz source via 100 ohm copper loop into a 3 REN load) HSS single port high speed data 0.85 W (all states)
22 | Introduction Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA General Specifications Environmental Operating temperature range -10 to +50˚ C Storage temperature range -20 to +70˚ C Operating humidity Maximum 95% non-condensing Acoustic noise emission 59 dBA (A-weighted Sound Power Level) Mechanical Height Standard terminal 2 U high (internal duplexer) 3 – 4 U high (depending on external duplexer type) MHSB terminal 6 U high (internal duplexer) 7 – 8 U high (depending on external duplexer type) HSD terminal 4 U high (internal duplexer) 6 – 8 U high (depending on external duplexer type) Width 19-inch rack mount 434 mm (without mounting brackets attached) 483 mm (with mounting brackets attached) Depth 372 mm Colour Pure black Weight Standard terminal 8 kg (internal duplexer) 9 - 12 kg (depending on external duplexer type) MHSB terminal 25 kg (internal duplexer) 26 – 29 kg (depending on external duplexer type) HSD terminal 17 kg (internal duplexer) 19 – 24 kg (depending on external duplexer type)
Introduction | 23 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Compliance FCC Radio 47CFR part 90 47CFR part 101 47CFR part 27 EMI / EMC EN 301 489 Parts 1 & 5 Safety EN 60950 CSA 253147 applicable for AC, 48 VDC and 24 VDC product variants Environmental ETS 300 019 Class 3.2 IC Radio RSS-GEN RSS-119 EMI / EMC This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian standard ICES-003. Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada Safety EN 60950 CSA 253147 applicable for AC, 48 VDC and 24 VDC product variants Environmental ETS 300 019 Class 3.2
Applications | 25 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA 2. Applications This section describes some sample applications in which the Aprisa XE terminal is the ideal solution. The Aprisa XE terminal's integrated multiplexer and digital cross connect, along with the wide range of interface cards, allow the Aprisa XE to be used to deliver solutions to address many more networking problems. The following applications are described:  Extending telecommunications and cellular networks  Delivering POTS and broadband access to remote subscribers  Extending DSL services in remote areas  Supporting mobile radio networks  Supporting utility networks  Linking offices in private networks
26 | Applications Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Extending Telecommunications and Cellular Networks The Aprisa XE terminal offers operators a simple and cost-effective way to extend the reach of wired and cellular telecommunications networks:  Greater reach whilst maintaining quality The range of frequencies allows the radio to function in rough terrains over longer paths than traditional point-to-point radio systems.  Reduction in spectrum licensing costs The spectrally-efficient design maximizes the amount of data that can be carried in narrow channels.  Reduction in the amount of infrastructure required in the transport network Operators can groom traffic from multiple interfaces onto a common backhaul system from remote exchanges or cell sites back towards the central exchange or MSC. The Aprisa XE terminal’s expansion of the backhaul and distribution network for inter-exchange and cell site linking is illustrated below: The in-built Ethernet interface enables operators to add broadband access and evolve networks to IP when required. When demand justifies expanding the wired network to the radio site, operators can re-deploy the Aprisa XE terminal elsewhere in the network.
Applications | 27 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Delivering POTS and Broadband to Remote Subscribers The Aprisa XE terminal offers operators a quick and cost-effective way to deliver new broadband access and traditional POTS to remote businesses and low-density subscribers (for example, in response to government imperatives):  The built-in multiplexer supports a wide range of analogue and digital interfaces to the chassis. This enables operators to supply voice and data services in remote areas, with minimal need for external equipment, which means quicker realization of revenue.  The in-built layer-2 Ethernet switch delivers a wide range of broadband services including Internet, VPN and LAN interconnection, VoIP, video-conferencing, web-hosting and E-business applications. This enables operators to provide all services with a single box solution. The Aprisa XE terminal’s delivery of broadband services to remote communities and businesses is illustrated below:
28 | Applications Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Extending DSL Services in Remote Areas The Aprisa XE terminal offers operators an affordable way to extend xDSL services to remote areas where subscriber densities are so low that traditional methods are not commercially feasible:  The in-built multiplexer integrates voice and data interfaces into a single radio link. This enables operators to supply voice and data services in remote areas, with minimal need for external equipment, which means quicker realization of revenue.  The 2 wire DFXO / DFXS interface transports traditional POTS services. This enables operators to quickly redeploy DSL and POTS to rural and remote communities. This figure illustrates the transportation of DSL services across the microwave radio link: The link transports DSL services to an existing remote POP using Ethernet (for PPPoE systems) or Inverse Multiplexed ATM over E1 (IMA E1) (for PPPoA systems). At the remote POP, a ‘mini’ DSLAM terminates the data network and POTS service, and uses existing copper to deliver POTS and broadband xDSL to the subscriber. Note: Many vendors now offer ‘mini’ DSLAM products that support 4 to 60 xDSL ports. These mini DSLAM products can be mounted in street cabinets and small shelters, and are suitable for co-location with the Aprisa XE terminal.
Applications | 29 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Supporting Mobile Radio Networks The Aprisa XE terminal offers operators of mobile radio networks (for example, first-responders, emergency services, homeland security, public safety, and disaster recovery organizations) permanent or temporary support:  Its flexible architecture enables it to inter-connect mobile radio base stations and provide a reliable backhaul to centralized switches.  It can be redeployed easily in an emergency. Digital Mobile Radio Networks The Aprisa XE terminal’s digital interfaces include E1, Ethernet and synchronous serial such as X.21 and V.35. This means it can support digital mobile radio networks such as TETRA, Tetrapol, APCO-25 / P-25 and other types of digital trunked radio. Analogue Trunked Radio The Aprisa XE terminal offers cost-effective in-band or out-of-band linking in trunked mobile radio networks, where it replaces expensive leased wireline circuits. For MPT-1327 analogue trunked radio networks, the Aprisa XE terminal’s in-built multiplexer allows the radio link to transport multiple 4 wire audio and V.24 signalling circuits. At intermediary sites, interfaces either drop from the terminal to a base station, or pass across to a second or third hop. The Aprisa XE terminal encapsulates ongoing traffic within an E1 bearer; at the final destination it extracts it and passes it to the base station via 4 wire audio and V.24. The cross-connect’s Drop and Insert capability provides simple traffic management across the network.
30 | Applications Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Conventional Radio The Aprisa XE terminal accommodates conventional mobile radio via 4 wire interfaces with E&M signalling. E&M provides the signalling to key the transmitter and receiver. Audio is carried as standard PCM or ADPCM traffic. The Aprisa XE terminal solution integrates easily into complex conventional networks, for example, those using voters or conferencing bridges.
Applications | 31 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Supporting Utility Networks The Aprisa XE terminal offers operators of utility networks (for example, electricity, oil, gas, railways and mining communication) a logical building block to support coverage of wide areas, remote locations and difficult terrain:  The flexible interfacing architecture allows for easy integration with a wide range of infrastructure equipment including legacy analogue equipment, IP-based SCADA equipment, telemetry and teleprotection equipment, as well as traditional voice or PBX and corporate LAN data equipment. Common use includes: 4 wire interfaces for protection signalling equipment Asynchronous or synchronous serial interfaces for low and high speed data terminal equipment Ethernet for IP-based SCADA systems and telemetry equipment 2 wire interfaces for voice circuits  The in-built multiplexer efficiently transports traffic from different sources across a common radio link. This enables operators to reduce the amount of infrastructure required in the network, which reduces capital and operational costs and lowers the total cost of owning the network. The Aprisa XE terminal solution for remote monitoring and control of a utility network is illustrated below:
32 | Applications Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Linking Offices in Private Networks The Aprisa XE terminal offers operators of private networks (for example, large corporate organizations, government, military, international relief and protection agencies) a cost-effective way to link remote offices to the central office, that is, the hub of the voice and data network.  The in-built multiplexer and flexible interfacing architecture support a wide range of voice and data interfaces, which make it simple to link remote PBXs to a central PBX and deliver the corporate LAN to remote offices.  The dedicated bandwidth minimizes dependency on service providers’ connections that may be shared by several customers. The licensed frequency provides long-term reliability, security and high availability. Operators can amortize the cost of the equipment over the life of the link, saving the ongoing charges of an expensive leased line. The Aprisa XE terminal solution for ensuring robust independent communications capability is illustrated below: In the event of office relocation due to emergency or disaster, operators can re-deploy the Aprisa XE terminal elsewhere.
Architecture | 33 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA 3. Architecture The Aprisa XE terminal’s modular design reduces MTTR (mean time to repair). This section provides an overview of the main modules. Modules The terminal is modular in design, which helps reduce mean time to repair (MTTR). It is designed for 19-inch rack mounting and is only 2U high for standard configurations. The five main modules housed inside the chassis are the transceiver, modem, motherboard, power supply, and duplexer. Interface cards are fitted into the eight interface slots on the motherboard. Modules are interconnected via several buses on the motherboard. The duplexer is mounted inside or outside the chassis depending on the type and size.
34 | Architecture Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA The interrelationships between the components are shown below:
Architecture | 35 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Front Panel Connections and Indicators All connections to the terminal are made on the front panel of the unit. No. Label Description 1 AC or DC power input DC and AC power supplies are available (AC is shown) 2 Earth stud An M5 stud for connection to an external protection ground for protection against electric shock in case of a fault. 3 Antenna connector N-type 50Ω female connector. 4 Interface slots A to H There are eight interface slots on the motherboard to fit interface cards. 5 ETHERNET Integrated four-port layer 2 switch. 6 SETUP RJ-45 for initial configuration PC connection. 7 ALARM RJ-45 connector for two input and four output external alarm connections. 8 LED indicators OK Indicates normal operation and minor and major alarm conditions. RX Indicates status of receive path including normal operation and alarms such as BER, RSSI and loss of synchronization. TX Indicates status of transmit path including normal operation and alarms such as forward/reverse power and temperature. ON Blue LED indicates that there is power to the terminal. 9 RSSI RSSI test point suitable for 2 mm diameter multimeter test lead pin.
36 | Architecture Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Transceiver Receiver The receiver down converts and amplifies the incoming signal so it can be demodulated by the modem:  It down converts the incoming signal at the receive frequency set by the synthesizer. The receive frequency synthesizer tunes the receiver across the entire band of operation.  It amplifies the 70 MHz IF and passes it through a channel filter to provide main receiver selectivity and to reject unwanted mixing products. After the last IF amplifier stage, it monitors the RSSI and adjusts the signal gain to a level suitable for the modem. During production, 4RF fits an appropriate channel filter for the channel size required.
Architecture | 37 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Transmitter The transmitter sets the final transmit frequency of the outgoing signal, then amplifies it and applies protection before delivering it to the duplexer.  The modem modulator passes I&Q signals to the transmitter modulator, where a transmit frequency synthesizer sets the final transmit frequency.  The transmitter passes the signal through a multi-stage high-efficiency linear RF amplifier and associated forward power detection and control feedback loop.  The transmitter passes the signal through a circulator that provides VSWR protection before delivering it to the duplexer. The circulator prevents reverse power damage to the transmitter caused by antenna return loss or no-load situations. The transmitter takes a reverse power measurement from the circulator to detect VSWR conditions. Duplexer The duplexer is an integral component in the Aprisa XE terminal circuit. It incorporates several bandpass / wavelength filter sections for the transmit and receive paths. The duplexer provides:  Specific transmission mask refinement and transmitter image rejection  RF isolation between the transmitter and receiver sections (so a single antenna is adequate) 4RF tunes the duplexer to centre the passband on the customer’s required operating frequency. For maximum deployment flexibility, each frequency variant is synthesized and customer-tunable across the entire frequency range. Operators can re-tune duplexers at depot-level repair facilities with appropriate test equipment or return them to 4RF for re-tuning as needed. The duplexer is mounted inside or outside the chassis depending on the type and size (see ‘Duplexers' on page 17).
38 | Architecture Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Modem The modem provides the QPSK and QAM modulation and demodulation functions for the Aprisa XE terminal. Operators can configure the modem modulation type to maximize the link capacity versus the link performance required. When receiving incoming signals, the modem:  converts the incoming analogue signal to digital and down converts it into I&Q signals for processing  passes the I&Q signals through digital filtering and adaptive equalization  error-corrects the resultant signal and extracts performance data  rate-converts data, frames it and passes it to the traffic bus for use by the interface cards  provides a recovered clock from the incoming received signal When transmitting outgoing signals, the modem:  frames data from the traffic bus with timing and adds FEC information  enables the operator to test the radio link to confirm that modem and RF functions are working independently of the interface data  creates I&Q signals and passes them at the base band frequency through digital to analogue converters and on to the transmitter The Aprisa XE terminal uses direct modulation technology, so there are no IF or up-conversion stages in the modulator or transmitter. The modem provides error counts, SNR and constellation information via the SuperVisor software, so the operator can monitor the performance of the data link.
Architecture | 39 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Motherboard The motherboard contains the Aprisa XE terminal’s central microprocessor and traffic management control functions, including traffic multiplexing and cross-connect:  The power PC-based microprocessor interfaces with a Linux-based web server to run the SuperVisor software (see ‘SuperVisor’ on page 59).  Its FPGA manages the traffic distribution to/from interface ports on the cards fitted to the PCI slots on the motherboard. The motherboard has eight standard PCI slots for interface cards and one extended PCI slot for the modem. The control bus gathers alarms via SNMP traps and stores them in the web server. LED indicators on the front fascia show the status of the radio link. An alarm I/O port, with two inputs and four outputs, enables operators to connect to external alarm monitoring equipment. The motherboard’s internal power supply delivers +3.3, ± 5 and ± 12 VDC nominal inputs to the terminal elements. Operators can change the terminal power supply option at depot level if their supply voltage requirement changes after shipment.
40 | Architecture Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Power Supplies AC Power Supply There is one AC power supply for the product. This AC power supply is auto-sensing to operate with a nominal input voltage of 115 Vrms or 230 Vrms. The power input is terminated on the front panel of the terminal using a standard IEC plug. This power supply has a power on/off switch. A power cable is included in the accessory kit and is pre-fitted with an IEC socket connector and the country-specific plug that was specified when the order was placed. DC Power Supply There are four DC power supply options for the terminal 12 VDC, 12 VDC Low Power, 24 VDC and 48 VDC. The appropriate power cable for the power supply ordered is included in the accessory kit. Mounting Options The Aprisa XE terminal is designed for 19-inch rack mounting. The terminal height is dependent on the product variant and the mounting of the duplexer (internal or external) (see ‘Mechanical' on page 22). Air venting space above or below the product is not required as the terminal has rear mounted fans. The Aprisa XE terminal can only be mounted on a wall surface with a 375 x 441 x 137 mm wall mount bracket part number ‘APAC-MBRK-XEB’. Heat Dissipation The Aprisa XE terminal has two fans in the rear of the chassis and fans in the power supply. These fans are required to keep the Aprisa XE terminal below a preset temperature and to meet the operating temperature and RF power output specifications. The SuperVisor software monitors the chassis fans and raises an alarm in the event of a failure.
Interfaces | 41 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA 4. Interfaces The Aprisa XE terminal has an integrated layer-2 Ethernet switch for Ethernet and IP based traffic and eight standard PCI slots for interface cards. This section details the Aprisa XE terminal’s interfaces:  In-built quad port Ethernet bridge fast ethernet interface  QETH Quad port Ethernet interface card supporting 10Base-T or 100Base-TX for transport of user Ethernet traffic.  QJET Quad port E1 / T1 interface card  DFXO Dual port 2 wire Foreign Exchange Office interface card  DFXS Dual port 2 wire Foreign Exchange Subscriber interface card  Q4EM Quad port 4 wire E&M interface card  QV24 Quad port low speed data serial interface card  HSS Single port synchronous high speed data serial interface card Interface Specifications The Aprisa XE terminal’s motherboard features an integrated 10Base-T/100Base-TX layer-2 Ethernet switch. To simplify network setup, each port supports auto-negotiation and auto-sensing MDI/MDIX. Operators can select from the following preset modes:  10Base-T half or full duplex  100Base-TX half or full duplex The switch is IEEE 802.3-compatible. It supports both VLAN tagging and QoS. In its most basic mode the switch passes on these extended packets as it receives them. Ethernet Interface Connections Pin number Pin function Direction TIA-568A wire colour 1 Transmit Output Green/white 2 Transmit Output Green 3 Receive Input Orange/white 4 Not used Blue 5 Not used Blue/white 6 Receive Input Orange 7 Not used Brown/white 8 Not used Brown
42 | Interfaces Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA QETH Interface Connections Pin number Pin function Direction TIA-568A wire colour 1 Transmit Output Green/white 2 Transmit Output Green 3 Receive Input Orange/white 4 Not used Blue 5 Not used Blue/white 6 Receive Input Orange 7 Not used Brown/white 8 Not used Brown RJ45 connector LED indicators LED Status Explanation Green On Ethernet signal received Green Flashing Indicates data traffic present on the interface Note: Do not connect Power over Ethernet (PoE) connections to the Aprisa XE Ethernet ports as this will damage the port. VLAN Tagging The Aprisa XE terminal’s VLAN tagging conforms to IEEE 802.1Q. All ports default to the same VLAN ID. This VLAN can carry both user and network management traffic. To allow the radio link to transport traffic in existing VLANS, the Aprisa XE terminal supports double tagging. It adds VLAN IDs at the ingress port and removes them at the egress port, and retains the original VLAN ID for Ethernet traffic carried across the radio link. QoS The Aprisa XE terminal determines QoS classification via four priority queues for each port. Operators can select whether the QoS uses the IEEE 802.1p or Cisco-compatible standard, as required. Port-based ingress rate-limiting and frame prioritization functions ensure quality of service:  Port-based ingress rate-limiting: By default, the Ethernet switch uses all the bandwidth allocated to it in the cross-connect and shares it across all four ports. Operators can protect the radio’s traffic buffers against flooding by rate-limiting each port to a discrete setting: 128 kbit/s, 256 kbit/s, 512 kbit/s, 1 Mbit/s, 2 Mbit/s, 4 Mbit/s, 8 Mbit/s or none.  Traffic prioritization: The Aprisa XE terminal always sends high-priority traffic ahead of lower-priority traffic. A high-speed address look-up engine, supporting up to 2048 preferential MAC addresses, filters and forwards with automatic learning and aging. This ensures that only traffic destined for the far end of the link is sent.
Interfaces | 43 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Ethernet Interface General Interface RJ-45 * 4 Cabling CAT-5 UTP, supports auto MDIX (Standard Ethernet) Maximum line length 100 metres on cat-5 or better Bandwidth allocation n x 8 kbit/s up to maximum available. n x 64 kbit/s is recommended for terminals with higher channel size (> 500 kHz, 32 QAM). The ethernet capacity maximum is determined by the available radio link capacity. Maximum packet size ‘Standard’ Ethernet packets: max 1518 octets Tagged and double-tagged packets: max 1526 octets Data buffer size Up to 256 frames Address table size 2048 IP addresses WAN protocol HDLC Ethernet mode 10Base-T or 100Base-TX Full duplex or half duplex (Auto-negotiating and auto-sensing) VLAN tagging IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging QoS IEEE 802.1p Ipv4 TOS DiffServ Ipv6 traffic class Spanning Tree Forwards 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol packets up to 1526 bytes in length. Diagnostics Green LED On: Ethernet signal received Flashing: Indicates data traffic present on the interface
44 | Interfaces Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA QJET Quad E1 / T1 Interface The quad port 2 Mbit/s G.703 / 4 E1 / T1 digital trunk interface allows the Aprisa XE terminal to connect directly to E1 / T1 trunks or other G.703 / 4-compliant equipment. Operators can groom individual or multiple timeslots from any E1 / T1 interface in the Aprisa XE terminal and transmit them across the radio link and back into the transport network on a common bearer. The Aprisa XE terminal also supports Drop and Insert applications. Operators can map any E1 / T1 timeslot from any interface to any other E1 / T1 timeslot on any other E1 / T1 interface, either locally or at the remote end. General Standard G.703 and G.704 Interface RJ-45 Line termination impedance E1 120 Ω balanced T1 100 Ω balanced Maximum line length E1 typically up to 1.7 km (43 dB of loss at 1024 kHz in standard 0.4 mm2 cable). T1 typically up to 1.7 km (36 dB of loss at 772 kHz in standard 0.4 mm2 cable). Bandwidth allocation Framed E1s require a link bandwidth of 2048 kbit/s. Unframed E1s require a link bandwidth of 2088 kbit/s. Framed T1s require a link bandwidth of 1544 kbit/s. Unframed T1s require a link bandwidth of 1584 kbit/s. Line code E1 HDB3 or AMI T1 B8ZS or AMI Tx Waveform Shaper (T1 only) 0 ~ 133 ft 133 ~ 266 ft 266 ~ 399 ft 399 ~ 533 ft 533 ~ 655 ft Stability ±50 ppm Jitter performance G.823 (sections 2 & 3) Diagnostics Green LED On: Interface is operational and in service Off: No 2 Mbit/s input signal Flashing: The interface loopback is active. Yellow LED On: Alarm Off: No alarm
Interfaces | 45 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Q4EM Quad 4 Wire E&M Interface The Aprisa XE terminal’s 4 wire interface digitizes analogue signals at either 64 kbit/s PCM (G.711-compliant) or 32, 24 or 16 kbit/s ADPCM compression (G.726-compliant). The Q4EM E&M signalling leads are optically isolated, bi-directional lines which can be externally referenced to meet any of the EIA-464 connection types I, II,IV or V (as shown below). General Audio 64 kbit/s (PCM A-Law as per ITU G.711) 32, 24 & 16 kbit/s (ADPCM as per ITU G.726 and ANSI TI.303) E&M signalling 8 kbit/s per port Maximum line length 400 metres Analogue Transmission performance characteristics ITU G.712 E4 for an operating level range of -14 dBr to +4 dBr for a G.711 64 kbit/s coded channel Input level range -14.0 dBr to +4.0 dBr in 0.5 dB steps Output level range -14.0 dBr to +4.0 dBr in 0.5 dB steps Default output level 0 dBr Default input level 0 dBr Maximum level +3.14 dBm0 Port impedance 600 Ω Return loss better than 25 dB over the frequency range 200 - 3600 Hz Transformer isolation 3.88 kV End to end gain Frequency response 0 dB ± 0.1 dB (300-3000 Hz) 0 dB ± 0.5 dB (250-3400 Hz) Audio line protection Secondary protection Signal to total distortion > 30 dB (0 dBm0 to -30 dBm0) > 22 dB (-45 dBm0)
46 | Interfaces Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Signalling E&M Mode independent (external power supply / ground reference required) Pulse distortion 4:1 multiplexed < 2.250 ms Non-multiplexed  250 µs M circuit loop current 5.0 to 6.5 mA (constant current) M circuit detection voltage 9 VDC M circuit maximum voltage 60 VDC M circuit protection Current limited to 6.5 mA, overvoltage to 100 V E circuit impedance 45 Ω closed, > 100 kΩ open E circuit current maximum 100 mA E circuit maximum voltage 60 V Diagnostics Green LED Off: No external source applied to M wire On: External source applied to M wire Flashing: The interface loopback is active Yellow LED Off: E wire relay contact open On: E wire relay contact closed
Interfaces | 47 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA E&M Signalling Types The Q4EM E&M signalling leads are optically isolated, bi-directional lines which can be externally referenced to meet any of the EIA-464 connection types I, II,IV or V (as shown below). The M1 lead associated with the M wire detector can be externally referenced to earth or battery as required. The E1 lead associated with the E wire output can be externally referenced to earth or battery as required.
48 | Interfaces Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA
Interfaces | 49 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA DFXO Dual Foreign Exchange Office Interface The Exchange interface connects the Aprisa XE terminal to the telephone network via a 2 wire line. Each 2 wire channel has two ports: one connects to a customer; the other is a local test port. The Aprisa XE terminal digitizes analogue signals using either 64 kbit/s PCM (G.711-compliant) or 32, 24 or 16 kbit/s ADPCM compression (G.726-compliant), providing phone-quality voice transmission. It uses CAS to signal to the remote DFXS. Line impedances are synthesized with high-performance DSP architecture. General Audio 64 kbit/s (PCM as per ITU G.711) 32, 24 and 16 kbit/s (ADPCM as per ITU G.726 and ANSI TI.303) Signalling allocation 8 or 32 kbit/s allocated for CAS Companding A-Law or µ-Law Maximum line length 600 metres (2000 feet) on 0.4 mm / 26 AWG copper pair Calling line ID (CLI) Support provided for ETSI: EN 300 659-1 & 2 and BT: SIN 227 and 242 Fax Conforms to G3 standard for 64 kbit/s PCM and 32 kbit/s ADPCM compression Analogue Transmission performance characteristics ITU G.712 E2 for an operating level range of -6 dBr to +1 dBr for a G.711 64 kbit/s coded channel Input level range -10 dBr to +1.0 dBr in 0.5 dB steps Output level range -10 dBr to +1.0 dBr in 0.5 dB steps Default Input level -4.0 dBr Default Output level -1.0 dBr Maximum level +3.14 dBm0 Line impedance / Hybrid balance impedance options 600 Ω 900 Ω 600 Ω + 2.16 µF 900 Ω + 2.16 µF 270 Ω + 750 Ω || 150 nF (TBR-21) 220 Ω + 820 Ω || 120 nF (TN12) 370 Ω + 620 Ω || 310 nF (BT3) 320 Ω + 1050 Ω || 210 nF (BT Network) 200 Ω + 680 Ω || 100 nF (China) Return Loss better than 12 dB 300 Hz to 600 Hz better than 15 dB 600 Hz to 3400 Hz Trans hybrid loss better than 13 dB 300 Hz to 3400 Hz better than 17 dB 500 Hz to 2500 Hz (with matched external line and hybrid balance impedance) Common mode rejection ratio better than 40 dB 50 Hz to 3800 Hz better than 46 dB 600 Hz to 3400 Hz Echo Canceller provides up to 64 ms of echo cancellation reduces the echo by more than 15 dB at an input signal level of 10 dBm0.
50 | Interfaces Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Signalling DTMF dialing Standard DTMF dialing over the voice channel Pulse dialing Transparent decadic signalling at 7 - 14 PPS with break period limits of 60 - 73 % Pulse distortion 4:1 multiplexed < 2.250 ms Non-multiplexed  250 µs Reversals Line polarity reversal detection Loop current limit maximum of 60 mA with Loop Current Limiter On maximum of 160 mA with Loop Current Limiter Off Metering level sensitivity 12 kHz / 16 kHz billing tone detection with a selectable level sensitivity of -17dBm to -40 dBm in 1dB steps into 200 Ω (60 mV rms to 5 mV rms into 200 Ω). Metering level maximum The maximum level of metering signal the DFXO can tolerate without voice band interference is 0.8 Vrms into 200 Ω. Loop resistance on-hook >1 MΩ Ringing detection threshold Three selectable options of 16 Vrms, 26 Vrms and 49 Vrms ± 20 %. Ringing detection frequency 15 to 50 Hz sine wave Ringing input impedance Two selectable options of >1 MΩ and >12 kΩ Ringing DC offset range tolerance 0 to -75VDC Ringing input voltage maximum up to 100 Vrms Ringing cadence limits min max Ringing ON: 270 ms 10 secs Ringing OFF: 180 ms 4 secs Ringing cadence distortion < 40 ms cadence error on both ring and silent periods Physical Physical interface Dual RJ-45 per port (1 line port, 1 monitor port) Diagnostics Green LED Off: Interface operational but not in service On: Interface in service Flashing: Cadenced ringing on line Yellow LED Off: No interface alarm On: Interface alarm Flashing: The interface loopback is active
Interfaces | 51 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA DFXS Dual Foreign Exchange Subscriber Interface The subscriber interface connects the Aprisa XE terminal to the customers' 2 wire telephone via a 2 wire line. Each 2 wire channel has two ports: one connects to a customer; the other is a local test port. The Aprisa XE terminal digitizes analogue signals using either 64 kbit/s PCM (G.711-compliant) or 32, 24 or 16 kbit/s ADPCM compression (G.726-compliant), providing phone-quality voice transmission. It uses CAS to signal to the remote DFXS. Line impedances are synthesized with high-performance DSP architecture. General Audio 64 kbit/s (PCM as per ITU G.711) 32, 24 and 16 kbit/s (ADPCM as per ITU G.726 and ANSI TI.303) Signalling Allocation 8-32 kbit/s allocated for CAS Compression coding A-Law or µ-Law Maximum line length 600 metres (2000 feet) on 0.4 mm / 26 AWG copper pair Calling line ID (CLI) Support provided for ETSI: EN 300 659-1 & 2 and BT: SIN 227 and 242 Fax Conforms to G3 standard for 64 kbit/s PCM and 32 kbit/s ADPCM compression Analogue Transmission performance characteristics ITU G.712 E2 for an operating level range of -6 dBr to +2.0 dBr for a G.711 64 kbit/s coded channel Input level range -9.0 dBr to +2.0 dBr in 0.5 dB steps Output level range -9.5 dBr to +2.5 dBr in 0.5 dB steps Default Input level +1.0 dBr Default Output level -6.0 dBr Maximum level +3.14 dBm0 Line impedance / Hybrid balance impedance options 600 Ω 900 Ω 600 Ω + 2.16 µF 900 Ω + 2.16 µF 220 Ω + (820 Ω || 120 nF) (TN12) 270 Ω + (750 Ω || 150 nF) (TBR21) 370 Ω + (620 Ω || 310 nF) (BT3) Return Loss better than 12 dB 300 Hz to 600 Hz better than 15 dB 600 Hz to 3400 Hz Trans hybrid loss better than 13 dB 300 Hz to 3400 Hz better than 17 dB 500 Hz to 2500 Hz (with matched external line and hybrid balance impedance) Common mode rejection ratio better than 40 dB 50 Hz to 3800 Hz better than 46 dB 600 Hz to 3400 Hz
52 | Interfaces Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Signalling Feed voltage output -48 V (160 + 160 Ω voltage source current limited) Loop current limit 35 mA ± 10 %. Seize signal Loop start only (no ground start) Loop detect threshold 9 - 12 mA (step function between on hook and off hook) Loop non-seizure current > 6 mA (step function between on hook and off hook) Loop release threshold > 4 mA DTMF dialing Standard DTMF dialing over the voice channel Pulse dialing Transparent decadic signalling at 7 - 14 PPS with break period limits of 60 - 73 % (with loop current > 23 mA) Pulse distortion 4:1 multiplexed < 2.250 ms Non-multiplexed  250 µs Reversals output Line polarity reversal output (optional) Metering output frequency 12 kHz / 16 kHz ± 0.5 %. Metering output voltage Four selectable output voltages of 100 mV, 200 mV, 300 mV and 400 mV rms into 200 Ω ± 20 % sourced via the Line Impedance setting but limited to a maximum open circuit voltage of 1 Vrms. Metering output distortion Billing tone total distortion < 5 %. Ringer waveform Sinusoidal with a maximum total distortion of 10% (into 3 REN load) Ringer voltage (open circuit) Five selectable ringer output voltages sourced via an internal ringing resistance of 178 per port. The ringing output is a composite balanced AC ringing voltage with a differential DC offset voltage. 60 Vrms + 0 VDC 55 Vrms + 10 VDC 50 Vrms + 18 VDC 45 Vrms + 22 VDC 40 Vrms + 24 VDC Both the DC and AC components have a tolerance of ± 5%. Ringer output frequency Three selectable options of 17, 25 or 50 Hz ± 5% Ringer output power 60 Vrms source into a load of 2 REN 45 Vrms source into a load of 3 REN (1 REN  6930  F) Ring trip Ring trip will ocurr in < 150 ms following DC loop of > 20 mA Ring trip immunity Ring trip will not ocurr if the DFXS outputs ringing into a load of 500  in series with 4.4F or less. Physical Physical interface Dual RJ-45 per port (1 line port, 1 monitor port) Line protection Secondary protection (4RF recommends the use of external primary protection in lightning prone areas) Diagnostics Green LED Off: Interface operational but not in service On: Interface in service Flashing: Cadenced ringing on line Yellow LED Off: No interface alarm On: Interface alarm Flashing: The interface loopback is active
Interfaces | 53 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA QV24 Quad V.24 Serial Data Interface The Aprisa XE terminal’s EIA/TIA-232-compliant V.24/RS-232 interface is configured as a Cisco® pinout DCE. For DCE-to-DCE connection, the interface terminates to a DTE using a straight-through cable or a crossover cable (null modem). There are two modes of operation of the QV24 Serial Interface Card; QV24 asynchronous and QV24S synchronous. The interface uses two control lines for handshaking. It transports the CTS signal across the link and displays it at the remote Aprisa XE terminal as an RTS output. QV24 Asynchronous Operation General Interface ITU-T V.24 / EIA/TIA RS-232E Interface direction DCE only Bandwidth allocation 8 to 120 kbit/s in 8 kbit/s steps (dependent on rate selected) Control line allocation 8 kbit/s Maximum line length 10 metres Data clamp Mark hold when out of sync. Control line clamp Off when loss of sync. Clock Internally generated from 2.048 MHz system clock (synchronized at both ends) Async parameters Transparent mode Operation is completely transparent but limited to 0-600 bit/s Standard mode data bits 7 or 8 bits Standard mode parity Transparent (enable / disable) Standard mode stop bits 1 or 2 bits Asynchronous Data rates 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 7200, 9600, 12800, 14400, 19200, 23040, 28800, 38400, 57600 and 115200 bit/s Control signals End-to-end CTS to RTS, DSR to DTR Diagnostics Green LED Indicates RX data traffic present Yellow LED Indicates TX data traffic present
54 | Interfaces Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA QV24S Synchronous Operation There are two modes of operation of the QV24S synchronous, synchronous and over sampling modes. A QV24S interface is always configured as a DCE. QV24S Synchronous Mode In synchronous mode, interface data is synchronously mapped to radio capacity using proprietary subrate multiplexing. QV24S interfaces are required at both ends of the circuit. General Interface ITU-T V.24 / EIA/TIA RS-232E Interface direction DCE only Bandwidth allocation 8 to 120 kbit/s in 8 kbit/s steps (dependent on rate selected) Control line allocation 8 kbit/s Maximum line length 10 metres Data clamp Mark hold when out of sync. Control line clamp Off when loss of sync. Synchronous Data rates 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 and 19200 bit/s Control signals End-to-end CTS to RTS, DSR to DTR Diagnostics Green LED Indicates RX data traffic present Yellow LED Indicates TX data traffic present QV24S Over Sampling Mode In over sampling mode, 64 kbit/s of radio capacity is allocated to the circuit and the incoming interface data is sampled at a fixed 64 kHz. This timeslot can be cross connected to an E1 or T1. This over sampling mode can be operated up to 19.2 kbit/s. There will be some unavoidable distortion in mark space ratios (jitter) of the transported V.24 circuit. This effect will become progressively more significant as the baud rate of the V.24 circuit increases or the number of data conversions increases. In over sampling mode, the DTE clock input is not used and there is no DCE output clock available.
Interfaces | 55 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA HSS Single High Speed Synchronous Interface The Aprisa XE terminal’s synchronous high-speed synchronous data interface (sync. serial) allows flexibility. It supports a range of n x 64 kbit/s synchronous high-speed data options acting as either DCE or DTE, and data rates from 8 kbit/s up to 2048 kbit/s. Options include:  V.35  X.21  RS-530  RS-449 Operators can change interface simply by changing a cable. The connector on the HSS card is a high density LHF-60, as used on standard Cisco WAN port serial interface cables and equivalents. General Interfaces ITU-T V.35 ITU-T X.21 EIA/TIA RS-530 EIA/TIA RS-449 Bandwidth allocation 8-2048 kbit/s in 8 kbit/s steps (dependent on rate selected) 8 kbit/s for control lines Maximum line length 3 metres Clock Internally generated from 2.048 MHz system clock (synchronized at both ends) on DCE-DCE mode. Clock provided by external DCE when in DTE mode. Remote DCE outputs clock-timed by incoming clock at DTE. Diagnostics Top Green LED On: Normal operation Flashing: Loopback Lower Green LED On: Normal operation
56 | Interfaces Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Handshaking and Clocking Options The HSS interface card is capable of acting as a DTE or DCE. This is determined by the interface cable that is connected to the interface card and specified as part of the HSS part number. When connecting to a DTE the Aprisa XE must be the DCE. A DCE interface must be specified. When connecting to a DCE device a DTE interface must be specified. This scenario shows the Aprisa XE terminal link acting in ‘Pipe mode’ where the Aprisa link is passing through traffic from the DTE to the DCE.
Interfaces | 57 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA This scenario shows the Aprisa XE terminal link acting in ‘Cloud mode’ where the Aprisa link is passing through traffic from one DTE to another DTE via the Aprisa link. A null-modem cable would normally be used in this scenario, but since the Aprisa link is acting as a network, the null-modem cable is not required and the functionality provided in the terminal. Along with the different operating modes, the Aprisa XE HSS interface card can provide a wide range of clocking options when used in the ‘pipe mode’ and ‘cloud mode’. The various clocking options allow clock signals to be passed across the link or regenerated at the far end. The control lines required by the supported synchronous interfaces are software configurable to provide the necessary outputs to connected devices. Typically they can be set to be always on or always off, or to follow the state of the RF link or a remote input condition. For details on the recommended clocking options and control line functionality, please contact 4RF customer support.
SuperVisor | 59 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA 5. SuperVisor The SuperVisor software enables operators to set up and manage the Aprisa XE terminal. It is an embedded web server application built into the Aprisa XE terminal’s operating system. Operators can use any major web browser (such as Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft® Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator) to:  Configure radio and interface parameters  Monitor performance, terminal status and alarm details Configuring the Aprisa XE Terminal The SuperVisor software enables operators to set radio parameters such as frequencies, modulation and power levels. It passes parameters to the web server, which uses SNMP to load them into the various elements within the terminal. Monitoring the Aprisa XE Terminal The SuperVisor software uses SNMP to interrogate the elements of the terminal over a control bus. It stores the variables in the web server where they are available for retrieval by the browser.
60 | SuperVisor Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Operator Rights and Access Levels The SuperVisor software has three access levels, each of which has certain rights:  View — allows operators to view Aprisa XE terminal information  Modify — allows operators to configure Aprisa XE terminal parameters  Admin — allows system administrators to perform administration tasks Viewing the Status of the Link The Summary page appears when the operator logs on. It shows the status of the link including the following parameters:  Transmit and receive frequencies  Transmit power output level and received signal strength  Terminal and link status  Terminal name, terminal ID, and contact details
SuperVisor | 61 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Configuring the Basic Terminal Settings The Basic Terminal Settings page allows the operator to configure the basic Terminal settings including:  Receive frequency MHz  Transmit frequency MHz  Transmit power dBm  Channel size MHz  Modulation type  Interleaver State  The terminal name, terminal ID, location and contact details The radio channel size is factory set to the size specified in the purchase order.
62 | SuperVisor Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Configuring the Interface Ports and Cross Connect The Interface Summary page allows the operator to configure each port on each interface card. When the operator selects a port, the SuperVisor software automatically detects each interface card and makes available the relevant configuration options. Interface Ports The Configure Interface provides menu options for configuration of each of the interface card types installed in the interface slots, for example:  Interface port settings  Gains and impedances  Compression levels  Data rates  Loopbacks
SuperVisor | 63 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Loopback Functionality The Aprisa XE terminal provides loopback functionality for link commissioning and debugging. The loopback simultaneously sets a radio and line facing loopback, and can be positioned at different points in the traffic path. The loopbacks provided with each interface are: Interface loopback The SuperVisor software sets this loopback at the interface port. It loops back all traffic at the physical interface to and from the terminal. Cross-connect loopback The SuperVisor software sets this loopback at the cross-connect. It loops back all traffic at the digital interface to and from the modem. Loopbacks are configured by the operator using the SuperVisor software. Configuring the Cross Connects The Cross Connections application is a software application that you can use to:  display and configure the traffic and signalling cross connections between interface ports  save and load configuration files  operate in conjunction with SuperVisor
64 | SuperVisor Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Monitoring Performance and Troubleshooting Problems The SuperVisor software provides comprehensive alarm diagnostics, including:  Transmitter Forward power  Transmitter Reverse power  Transmitter temperature  Loss of RF link synchronization  RSSI  Internal voltages  Correctable and uncorrectable RF link errors  E1 and other interface card alarms  Fan status  External alarms status
SuperVisor | 65 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA In addition to alarms, the SuperVisor software provides link performance functions for both the local and remote terminal. Performance monitoring functions include:  Error count statistics  RSSI  SNR  Constellation display
Network Management | 67 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA 6. Network Management Operators can use any industry-standard SNMPc Management software, such as Castle Rock's SNMPc (www.castlerock.com), to manage an Aprisa XE terminal network and to configure radio and interface parameters. Using an SNMPc client running on a standard PC, operators can interrogate SNMP agents within the Aprisa XE terminal. SNMP traps and events raise alarms and log performance criteria within the SNMPc network management platform. The SNMPc client software can remotely access many Aprisa XE terminal links in a network from one location via an IP network. The software polls the terminals in the network and monitors their status, capturing alarms and fault report events and alerting the operator by visual indication and audible alarm. It time-stamps events and stores them in a database for later analysis.
68 | Network Management Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA SNMPc Network Management (single client) Alternatively, operators can configure the system to operate within a Client Server-type architecture. This involves configuring many SNMPc clients to run in a server mode and loading a server module onto the Client PC. The server module interrogates the Aprisa XE terminal’s SNMP agents via the server’s client application. External SNMPc clients interrogate the server for details of each of the individual Aprisa XE terminals. SNMP Network Management (Client / Server setup)
Protected Options | 69 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA 7. Protected Options The Aprisa XE terminal is available in one of two protected options:  MHSB - Monitored Hot Stand By - offers equipment redundancy.  HSD - Hitless Space Diversity - hitless RF receive path protection and hot standby transmitter redundancy. Monitored Hot Stand By (MHSB) MHSB provides equipment redundancy and protection for up to 32 interface ports. It offers protection against any single point of failure in the radio path using two duplicated systems interconnected via two 1U switching units. The first is the RF switch that interconnects with the transceiver in each terminal unit via SMA connectors on the front panels. The RF switch also houses a common duplexer. The receive path of the duplexer is split by means of a splitter to both the radio transceivers. The transmit path is switched via a transmit relay. Only the active transmit path is fed to the relay output and on to the duplexer; the inactive transmit path is fed to a dummy load. The second unit is a master tributary switch that monitors the alarm ports of the connected terminals and makes a switching decision based on a pre-configured set of alarm conditions. The CPU inside the master tributary switch controls the RF switch and also up to three slave tributary switches connected to the RF switch. Each tributary switch protects up to eight RJ-45 interface ports, or two synchronous serial ports (using a special adapter cable). The master tributary switch also protects the integrated Ethernet interface. Each tributary switch has one RJ-45 input and two RJ-45 outputs for each interface to drive the duplicated interface cards in each of the protected terminals. When specifying MHSB, you should ensure that duplicate interface cards are ordered for each terminal and if you require protection for more than eight ports, additional tributary switches.
70 | Protected Options Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA
Protected Options | 71 Aprisa XE Product Description 8.8.84 NA Hitless Space Diversity (HSD) HSD provides hitless RF receive path protection and hot standby transmitter redundancy. It is typically deployed for paths where high path availability is required. An Aprisa XE hitless space diversity terminal comprises two radio terminals, radio A and radio B. Radio A is the primary radio which is fitted with the interface cards and connects to antenna A. Antenna A always carries the transmitted signal and the received signal for Radio A. Radio B is the secondary radio the receiver of which connects to antenna B. The transmitter in this radio is the standby transmitter. In the event of a radio A active transmitter failure, radio B transmitter becomes active. Antenna B only carries the received signal for Radio B. This antenna is physically separated on the tower by a pre-determined distance from Antenna A. As both radios have a receive path, traffic from the path with the best received bit error rate is routed to the customer interfaces in radio A. Customer interfaces are provided on radio A only in interface slots A to G. Interface connections to Ethernet and the external alarm inputs and outputs are also provided on radio A only. End

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